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Trakarnvanich T, Satirapoj B, Suraamornkul S, Chirananthavat T, Sanpatchayapong A, Claimon T. Effect of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibition on Biomarkers of Kidney Injury and Vascular Calcification in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:7382620. [PMID: 34697593 PMCID: PMC8541867 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7382620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors improve glycemic control and have pleiotropic effects on kidney injury, albuminuria, and vascular inflammation, especially in animal models. We evaluated the effects of a potent DPP4 inhibitor (gemigliptin) on these processes among patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS This study employed a multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled design. A total of 201 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups, one received treatment with 50 mg gemigliptin daily along with standard care for diabetes mellitus for 6 months. The changes in the coronary calcium score (CAC score), cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), vascular calcification level, and tubular renal injury marker expression were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS In total, 182 patients completed the study. Significant reductions in hemoglobin A1C levels were observed in both groups. The changes in the CAC score, CAVI, eGFR, and level of proteinuria over the 6 months of the study did not significantly differ between the gemigliptin and control groups. However, biomarkers of vascular calcification, including serum bone alkaline phosphatase and kidney injury, including urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)/Cr and urine liver fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP)/Cr, were improved significantly in the gemigliptin treatment group compared with the control group. No serious adverse events were observed during the study. CONCLUSION Our study showed that gemigliptin significantly improved the expression of renal tubular injury biomarkers and vascular calcification levels among patients with DKD; however, gemigliptin did not affect renal function or coronary calcification compared with those observed in the control. A larger study with a longer follow-up is essential to verify these beneficial effects. Clinical Trials. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier NCT04705506.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bancha Satirapoj
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Swangjit Suraamornkul
- Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Anoma Sanpatchayapong
- Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Torpong Claimon
- Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Monteiro CI, Simões RP, Goulart CL, da Silva CD, Borghi-Silva A, Mendes RG. Arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes: determinants and indication of a discriminative value. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2172. [PMID: 33624706 PMCID: PMC7885854 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the clinical discriminative value and determinants of arterial stiffness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This prospective cohort study included 51 individuals (53.57±9.35 years) diagnosed with T2DM (stage glucose≥126 mg/dL; diagnostic time: 87.4±69.8 months). All participants underwent an initial evaluation of personal habits, medications, and history; arterial stiffness assessment by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) using SphygmoCor; and blood laboratory analysis. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, and values of p≤0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS A cut-off cfPWV value of 7.9 m/s was identified for T2DM [Sensitivity (SE): 90% and Specificity (SP): 80%]. A subgroup analysis revealed higher glycated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac) (p=0.006), obesity (p=0.036), and dyslipidemia (p=0.013) than those with cfPWV ≥7.9 m/s. Multivariate analysis identified higher stage glucose (p=0.04), Hb1Ac (p=0.04), hypertension (p=0.001), and dyslipidemia (p=0.01) as determinant factors of cfPWV; positive and significant correlation between cfPWV and glucose (r=0.62; p=0.0003) and Hb1Ac (r=0.55; p=0.0031). CONCLUSIONS In T2DM, an indicator of the discriminative value of arterial stiffness was cfPWV of 7.9 m/s. Clinical findings and comorbidities, such as hypertension, glucose, poor glycemic control, and dyslipidemia, were associated with and were determinants of arterial stiffness in T2DM. Reinforcement of monitoring risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glycemic control, seems to be essential to the process of arterial stiffening. Confirmation of this discriminative value in larger populations is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Italiano Monteiro
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
| | - Rodrigo Polaquini Simões
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Reabilitacao, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, BR
| | - Cássia Luz Goulart
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
| | - Claudio Donisete da Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
| | - Audrey Borghi-Silva
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
| | - Renata Gonçalves Mendes
- Laboratorio de Fisioterapia Cardiopulmunar (LACAP), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Chang S, Kim J, Sohn T, Son H, Lee J. Effects of glucose control on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension: An observational study. J Int Med Res 2017; 46:284-292. [PMID: 28835148 PMCID: PMC6011304 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517722697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the association of glucose control with changes in arterial stiffness, inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress markers. Methods Sixty-four patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] ≥ 9%) and hypertension were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into two groups based on their post-treatment HbA1c level: HbA1c ≤ 7% (well-controlled group, n = 28) and HbA1c > 7% (uncontrolled group, n = 36). The pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured and analyzed. Results The patients’ mean baseline HbA1c level was 11.7%. There were no differences in any baseline parameters between the two groups except the duration of diabetes. The mean HbA1c level was significantly lower at 12 weeks in the well-controlled than uncontrolled group (6.1% vs. 9.0%, respectively), but there were no significant differences in the pulse wave velocity (0.33 ± 0.95 vs. 0.36 ± 1.44 m/s), aortic augmentation index (5.1 ± 8.3 vs. 0.7 ± 11.6), or markers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions Short-term glycemic control did not influence the arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangah Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taeseo Sohn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunshik Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Brozic AP, Marzolini S, Goodman JM. Effects of an adapted cardiac rehabilitation programme on arterial stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiac disease diagnosis. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2017; 14:104-112. [PMID: 28093924 DOI: 10.1177/1479164116679078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of a 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and haemostatic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Observational cohort study examining effects of 12 weeks of exercise training in 23 subjects (13 men, 10 women; mean age of 56.1 ± 10.1 years) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Subjects performed exercise training for 12 weeks [aerobic training 5 days/week, 70%-75% peak cardiovascular fitness (VO2peak) and resistance training 2-3 days/week, 60% of one repetition maximum]. Vascular stiffness (pulse-wave velocity), augmentation index, peak calf vasodilatory reserve, and VO2peak were measured pre- and post-exercise training. Secondary outcomes included heart rate variability and haemostatic measures. RESULTS VO2peak increased by 16% (20.1 ± 5.5 vs 23.2 ± 8.8 mL/kg/min, p = 0.002) and abdominal circumference was reduced (101.9 ± 13.3 vs 97.9 ± 12.7 cm, p < 0.03). Vascular function was improved including central arterial stiffness (central pulse-wave velocity: 8.44 ± 1.75 vs 8.02 ± 1.60 m/s, p = 0.026) and the aortic augmentation index (21.7 ± 10.6% vs 18.3 ± 12.6%, p = 0.005); peak calf vasodilatory reserve increased from 30.3 ± 10.6 mL/100 mL/min to 38.0 ± 15.3 mL/100 mL/min ( p = 0.04). No changes were seen in heart rate variability, blood lipids, glycated haemoglobin and C-reactive protein. CONCLUSION A 12-week cardiac rehabilitation programme of aerobic and resistance training significantly reduces arterial stiffness and improves aerobic fitness in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anka P Brozic
- 1 Langs Community Health Centre, Cambridge, ON, Canada
| | - Susan Marzolini
- 2 Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehab Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack M Goodman
- 2 Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation Program, Toronto Rehab Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 3 Goldring Centre for High Performance Sport, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- 4 Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Asrar Ul Haq M, Wong C, Levinger I, Srivastava PM, Sbaraglia M, Toia D, Jerums G, Selig S, Hare DL. Effect of exercise training on left ventricular remodeling in diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction: rationale and design. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2014; 8:23-8. [PMID: 24653649 PMCID: PMC3956808 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s14089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study will examine the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training on left ventricular remodeling in diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction. This is the first randomized controlled trial to look for effects of combined strength training and aerobic exercise on myocardial function as well as other clinical, functional, or psychological parameters in diabetic patients with isolated diastolic dysfunction, and will provide important insights into the potential management strategies for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a prospective, randomized controlled investigator initiated single center trial. Diabetic patients with LV diastolic dysfunction suitable for exercise training intervention will be randomized to three months of a supervised combination of aerobic and strength training exercises, or supervised light stretching (control arm). Pre and post intervention assessment will include stress echocardiography, peak aerobic power with 12-lead ECG, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength, the capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), and questionnaires to assess self-perceived quality of life and symptoms of depression. The primary endpoint is to compare any change in tissue Doppler-derived LV systolic and early diastolic velocities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The current trial protocol has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Austin Health and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne. The study will be performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The investigator, regardless of the outcome, will publish the results of the study. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000943044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asrar Ul Haq
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. ; Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiew Wong
- Department of Cardiology, The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. ; Western Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Piyush M Srivastava
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa Sbaraglia
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - George Jerums
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - David L Hare
- Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. ; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kinouchi M, Aihara KI, Fujinaka Y, Yoshida S, Ooguro Y, Kurahashi K, Kondo T, Aki N, Kuroda A, Endo I, Matsuhisa M, Matsumoto T. Diabetic Conditions Differentially Affect the Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffness and Carotid Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb 2014; 21:486-500. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.20834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Madden KM, Lockhart C, Cuff D, Potter TF, Meneilly GS. Aerobic training-induced improvements in arterial stiffness are not sustained in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:335-9. [PMID: 22951625 PMCID: PMC3626024 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2012.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a well-established relationship between increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality. We examined whether a long-term aerobic exercise intervention (6 months) would increase arterial compliance in older adults with hypertension complicated by Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia. A total of 52 older adults (mean age 69.3±0.6 years, 30 males and 22 females) with diet/oral hypoglycemic-controlled T2DM, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an aerobic group (6 months vigorous aerobic exercise, AT group) and a non-aerobic group (6 months of no aerobic exercise, NA group). Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse-wave velocity (PWV) using the Complior device. Aerobic training decreased arterial stiffness as measured by both radial (P=0.001, 2-way analysis of variance with repeated measures) and femoral (P=0.002) PWV. This was due to a decrease in arterial stiffness in the AT group after 3 months of training, which was not maintained after 6-month training for either radial (P=0.707) or femoral (P=0.680) PWV. Our findings indicate that in older adults with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, short-term improvements in arterial stiffness became attenuated over the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Madden
- VITALiTY (Vancouver Initiative to Add Life to Years) Research Laboratory, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Madden KM, Lockhart C, Cuff D, Potter TF, Meneilly GS. Short-term aerobic exercise reduces arterial stiffness in older adults with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:1531-5. [PMID: 19509011 PMCID: PMC2713633 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between increased arterial stiffness and cardiovascular mortality is well established in type 2 diabetes. We examined whether aerobic exercise could reduce arterial stiffness in older adults with type 2 diabetes complicated by comorbid hypertension and hyperlipidemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 36 older adults (mean age 71.4 +/- 0.7 years) with diet-controlled or oral hypoglycemic-controlled type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were recruited. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: an aerobic group (3 months vigorous aerobic exercise) and a nonaerobic group (no aerobic exercise). Exercise sessions were supervised by a certified exercise trainer three times per week, and a combination of cycle ergometers and treadmills was used. Arterial stiffness was measured using the Complior device. RESULTS When the two groups were compared, aerobic training resulted in a decrease in measures of both radial (-20.7 +/- 6.3 vs. +8.5 +/- 6.6%, P = 0.005) and femoral (-13.9 +/- 6.7 vs. +4.4 +/- 3.3%, P = 0.015) pulse-wave velocity despite the fact that aerobic fitness as assessed by Vo(2max) did not demonstrate an improvement with training (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that a relatively short aerobic exercise intervention in older adults can reduce multifactorial arterial stiffness (type 2 diabetes, aging, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Madden
- VITALiTY (Vancouver Initiative to Add Life to Years) Research Laboratory, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Mourot L, Boussuges A, Campo P, Maunier S, Debussche X, Blanc P. Cardiovascular rehabilitation increase arterial compliance in type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2009; 84:138-44. [PMID: 19264372 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The effect of a cardiovascular rehabilitation program on arterial compliance in type 2 diabetes mellitus with coronary disease was studied. METHODS Hemodynamic data and arterial compliance were measured with a tonometer (HDI/Pulse wave CR-2000) in coronary artery disease patients with (n=32) and without (n=24) type 2 diabetes before and after a 6-week multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation program. RESULTS A decrease in heart rate and an increase in stroke volume without significant change in resting cardiac output were obtained in diabetic patients. Arterial compliance of both small and large arteries was significantly increased. In 10 diabetic patients, this increase could be related to an increase in the anti-hypertensive treatment and to the decreased blood pressure. In the 22 remainders, the small artery compliance was significantly increased independently of blood pressure change. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training as well as optimization of diabetes and dyslipidemia treatment could explain the improvement of arterial compliance. If these changes are long-lasting and if they improve prognosis remains to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mourot
- EA 3920 and IFR133, Université de Franche Comté, Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Besançon, France.
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Li B, Gao H, Li X, Liu Y, Wang M. Correlation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and arterial compliance and cardiovascular risk factors in elderly patients with arteriosclerosis. Hypertens Res 2006; 29:309-14. [PMID: 16832150 DOI: 10.1291/hypres.29.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate an association between major cardiovascular risk factors and each of brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), capacitive arterial compliance (C1), and oscillatory arterial compliance (C2) in elderly patients with arteriosclerosis. We analyzed 160 elderly patients with arteriosclerosis. Vessel wall properties were assessed by baPWV and ABI using a VP-1000 Automatic Arteriosclerosis Measurement System, and C1 and C2 were measured using a DO-2020 Cardiovascular Profiling Instrument. In multiple regression analysis, baPWV was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean artery pressure, pulse pressure, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), age, and heart rate (r = 0.670, 0.627, 0.580, 0.523, 0.490, 0.200; p < 0.05), ABI was significantly correlated with pulse pressure, SBP and age (r = -0.250, -0.206, -0.168; p < 0.05), C1 was significantly correlated with pulse pressure, SBP, mean artery pressure, age, DBP and heart rate (r = -0.481, -0.469, -0.363, -0.356, -0.239, -0.188; p < 0.05), and C2 was significantly correlated with age, SBP, pulse pressure, DBP, fasting blood glucose, mean artery pressure and heart rate (r = -0.411, -0.395, -0.383, -0.277, -0.213, -0.183, -0.173; p < 0.05). There were no close correlations between baPWV, ABI, or C1 and fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, or body mass index. Moreover, there were significant correlations between baPWV and C1 (r = -0.444, p < 0.001), and between baPWV and C2 (r = -0.257, p < 0.01). In conclusion, these findings underscore the efficacy of baPWV and ABI in identifying the vascular damage of the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoying Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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