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Orsatti FL, de Queiroz Freitas AC, Borges AVBE, Santato AS, de Oliveira Assumpção C, Souza MVC, da Silva MV, Orsatti CL. Unveiling the role of exercise in modulating plasma heat shock protein 27 levels: insights for exercise immunology and cardiovascular health. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05089-8. [PMID: 39172352 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, primarily driven by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory condition contributing significantly to fatalities. Various biological determinants affecting cardiovascular health across different age and sex groups have been identified. In this context, recent attention has focused on the potential therapeutic and preventive role of increasing circulating levels of heat shock protein 27 (plasma HSP27) in combating atherosclerosis. Plasma HSP27 is recognized for its protective function in inflammatory atherogenesis, offering promising avenues for intervention and management strategies against this prevalent cardiovascular ailment. Exercise has emerged as a pivotal strategy in preventing and managing cardiovascular disease, with literature indicating an increase in plasma HSP27 levels post-exercise. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of exercise on the release of HSP27 into circulation. Clarifying these aspects is crucial for understanding the role of exercise in modulating plasma HSP27 levels and its potential implications for cardiovascular health across diverse populations. Therefore, this review aims to establish a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between plasma HSP27 and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Lera Orsatti
- Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Department of Sport Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil.
| | - Augusto Corrêa de Queiroz Freitas
- Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Department of Sport Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Anna Victória Bernardes E Borges
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, And Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38025-350, Brazil
| | - Alexia Souza Santato
- Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Department of Sport Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Claudio de Oliveira Assumpção
- Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Department of Sport Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Markus Vinicius Campos Souza
- Exercise Biology Laboratory (BioEx), Department of Sport Science, Health Science Institute, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Frei Paulino, 30, Uberaba, MG, 38025-180, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, And Parasitology, Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences of Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, 38025-350, Brazil
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Sharp T, Slattery K, Coutts AJ, van Gogh M, Ralph L, Wallace L. Solving the High-Intensity Multimodal Training Prescription Puzzle: A Systematic Mapping Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:82. [PMID: 39039351 PMCID: PMC11263329 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-Intensity Multimodal Training (HIMT) refers to all styles of high-intensity combined aerobic, resistance and/or bodyweight exercise. Previous heterogeneity in exercise prescription and reporting in HIMT reduces the understanding of which factors should be considered when prescribing HIMT (e.g., exercise volume, intensity, duration). Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of HIMT on health and performance outcomes. However, methodological disparities limit comparisons between findings. The objective of this systematic mapping review was to examine which prescriptive considerations and health and performance outcomes have been reported on in HIMT. This review also examined the quantity and trends of research conducted on HIMT. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid Medline, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library databases and additional sources to identify studies up until February 2023. A total of 37,090 records were retrieved, of which 220 were included for review. 246 individual HIMT protocols were included for categorical analysis against the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) and Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS). RESULTS A total of 85 unique terms were used to describe HIMT. Included studies most commonly prescribed HIMT using a consistent exercise selection and circuit format. Exercise intensity was inconsistently reported on and a large proportion of studies prescribed 'high-intensity' exercise at a level lower than the American College of Sports Medicine criteria for high-intensity (i.e., < 77% heart rate maximum). Participation location, supervision and participation format were the most commonly reported non-training variables. The most frequently reported outcomes were cardiovascular health, perceptual outcomes, body composition and biochemical outcomes. A large proportion of previous HIMT research was experimental in design. CONCLUSIONS Previous HIMT research demonstrates a lack of standardisation in reporting. Future studies should seek to follow guidelines (i.e., CERT) to improve reporting rigour. Additionally, forthcoming research should attempt to actively involve practitioners in implementation studies to improve ecological validity among interventions. Finally, future outcome measures should be accessible in practice and reflect common training goals of participants. REGISTRATION This review adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PREREGISTRATION osf.io/yknq4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Sharp
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Katie Slattery
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Aaron J Coutts
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mikah van Gogh
- Australian College of Physical Education, 10 Parkview Dr, Sydney Olympic Park, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lara Ralph
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lee Wallace
- Faculty of Health, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Kortas JA, Reczkowicz J, Juhas U, Ziemann E, Świątczak A, Prusik K, Olszewski S, Soltani N, Rodziewicz-Flis E, Flis D, Żychowska M, Gałęzowska G, Antosiewicz J. Iron status determined changes in health measures induced by nordic walking with time-restricted eating in older adults- a randomised trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:300. [PMID: 38553690 PMCID: PMC10979559 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study evaluated whether stored iron determines the adaptive response induced by Nordic walking (NW) training combined with 10 hours' time-restricted eating (TRE) in older adults. TRIAL DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-four participants underwent 12-week NW training supported by 10 h of TRE. The group was divided due to baseline ferritin concentration low < 75 ng/ml (LF) and high level ≥ 75 ng/ml (HF). Body composition, physical fitness and blood collection were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS NW + TRE induced a statistically significant decrease in ferritin levels in all participants (p = 0.01). Additionally, statistically significant intergroup differences in the LF vs. HF in the reduction of serum ferritin levels (p = 0.04) were observed. The procedure NW + TRE diminished HbA1c levels (p < 0.01) and glucose in all participants (p = 0.05). The range of HbA1c drop was more pronounced among those participants who experienced a greater decrease in the stored iron (p = 0.04, [Formula: see text]=0.17, F=4.59). Greater changes in body weight and percent of body fat were recorded in the HF group (for both p<0.01). CONCLUSION Body iron stores determine the effects of a 12-week NW + TRE intervention on serum ferritin. The changes in HbA1c are more pronounced in subjects with a higher decrease in serum ferritin. TRIAL REGISTRATION All experimental protocols were approved by the Bioethical Committee of the Regional Medical Society in Gdansk, Poland (NKBBN/330/2021) according to the Declaration of Helsinki. We confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The trial was registered as a clinical trial (NCT05229835, date of first registration: 14/01/2022, direct link: https://classic. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT05229835 ). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Department of Health and Natural Sciences, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Reczkowicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ulana Juhas
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Świątczak
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Prusik
- Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Department of Health Promotion, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Szczepan Olszewski
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Nakisa Soltani
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Damian Flis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Żychowska
- Department of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grażyna Gałęzowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Antosiewicz
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
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Khalafi M, Maleki AH, Symonds ME, Sakhaei MH, Rosenkranz SK, Ehsanifar M, Korivi M, Liu Y. Interleukin-15 responses to acute and chronic exercise in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1288537. [PMID: 38235143 PMCID: PMC10791876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1288537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interlukin-15 (IL-15) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in immunology and obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate whether exercise promotes circulating IL-15 concentrations in adults. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to May, 2023 and identified original studies that investigated the effectiveness of acute and/or chronic exercise on serum/plasma IL-15 levels in adults. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random effect models. Subgroup analyses were performed based on type of exercise, and training status, health status and body mass indexes (BMI) of participants. Results Fifteen studies involving 411 participants and 12 studies involving 899 participants were included in the acute and chronic exercise analyses, respectively. Our findings showed that acute exercise increased circulating IL-15 concentrations immediately after exercise compared with baseline [SMD=0.90 (95% CI: 0.47 to 1.32), p=0.001], regardless of exercise type and participants' training status. Similarly, acute exercise was also associated with increased IL-15 concentrations even one-hour after exercise [SMD=0.50 (95% CI: 0.00 to 0.99), p=0.04]. Nevertheless, chronic exercise did not have a significant effect on IL-15 concentrations [SMD=0.40 (95% CI: -0.08 to 0.88), p=0.10]. Conclusion Our results confirm that acute exercise is effective in increasing the IL-15 concentrations immediately and one-hour after exercise intervention, and thereby playing a potential role in improving metabolism in adults. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=445634, identifier CRD42023445634.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Aref Habibi Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Michael E. Symonds
- Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran
| | - Sara K. Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Mahsa Ehsanifar
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mallikarjuna Korivi
- Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Institute of Human Movement and Sports Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
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Khalafi M, Aria B, Symonds ME, Rosenkranz SK. The effects of resistance training on myostatin and follistatin in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Physiol Behav 2023:114272. [PMID: 37328021 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Myostatin and follistatin are the main hormones for regulating muscle mass, and previous research suggests they are modulated by resistance training. We therefore performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the impact of resistance training on circulating myostatin and follistatin in adults. METHODS A search was conducted in PubMed and Web of science from inception until October 2022 to identify original studies investigating the effects of resistance training compared with controls that did not exercise. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random effects models. RESULTS A total 26 randomized studies, including 36 interventions, and involving 768 participants (aged ∼18 to 82 years), were included in the meta-analysis. Resistance training effectively decreased myostatin [-1.31 (95% CI -1.74 to -0.88, p=0.001, 26 studies] and increased follistatin [2.04 (95% CI: 1.51 to 2.52), p=0.001, 14 studies]. Subgroup analyses revealed a significant decrease in myostatin and increase in follistatin regardless of age. CONCLUSION Resistance training in adults is effective for reducing myostatin and increasing follistatin which may contribute to the beneficial effects of resistance training on muscle mass and metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousa Khalafi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Behzad Aria
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Michael E Symonds
- Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG72UH, United Kingdom
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
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Farley MJ, Bartlett DB, Skinner TL, Schaumberg MA, Jenkins DG. Immunomodulatory Function of Interleukin-15 and Its Role in Exercise, Immunotherapy, and Cancer Outcomes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:558-568. [PMID: 36730979 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to improve physical and psychosocial outcomes for people across the cancer care continuum. A proposed mechanism underpinning the relationship between exercise and cancer outcomes is exercise-induced immunomodulation via secretion of anti-inflammatory myokines from skeletal muscle tissue. Myokines have the potential to impair cancer growth through modulation of natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T cells while improving the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Interleukin-15 (IL-15), one of the most abundant myokines found in skeletal muscle, has a key immunoregulatory role in supporting the proliferation and maturation of T cells and NK cells, which have a key role in the host's immune response to cancer. Furthermore, IL-15 is being explored clinically as an immunotherapy agent with doses similar to the IL-15 concentrations released by skeletal muscle during exercise. Here we review the role of IL-15 within the immune system, examine how IL-15 is produced as a myokine during exercise, and how it may improve outcomes for people with cancer, specifically as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant to immunotherapy. We summarize the available evidence showing changes in IL-15 in response to both acute exercise and training, and the results are inconsistent; higher quality research is needed to advance the understanding of how exercise-mediated increases in IL-15 potentially benefit those who are being treated for, or who have had, cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan J Farley
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
| | - David B Bartlett
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Tina L Skinner
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, AUSTRALIA
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Scoubeau C, Carpentier J, Baudry S, Faoro V, Klass M. Body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and neuromuscular adaptations induced by a home-based whole-body high intensity interval training. J Exerc Sci Fit 2023; 21:226-236. [PMID: 36970125 PMCID: PMC10034507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Bodyweight exercises performed at home could be a complementary approach to improve health-related fitness in people having little spare time and during stay-at-home periods. This study then investigated body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and neuromuscular adaptations to a home-based, video-directed, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT). Methods Fourteen subjects participated to an 8-week WB-HIIT (6 females, 23 ± 1 years) and fourteen were included in a non-exercise control group (CTL; 6 females, 24 ± 4 years). All took part to pre- and post-intervention assessments of body composition, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and first ventilatory threshold (VT1; index of aerobic capacity), dynamic (leg press 3-repetition maximum) and isometric strength (knee extensors maximal isometric contractions with assessment of voluntary activation), and muscle endurance during an isometric submaximal contraction maintained till exhaustion. WB-HIIT consisted in 30-s all-out whole-body exercises interspaced with 30 s of active recovery. Training sessions were performed at home by means of videos with demonstration of exercises. Heart rate was monitored during sessions. Results WB-HIIT increased VO2peak (5%), VT1 (20%), leg lean mass (3%), dynamic (13%) and isometric strength (6%), and muscle endurance (28%; p < 0.05), while they did not improve in CTL. VO2peak increase was correlated (r = 0.56; p < 0.05) with the time spent above 80% of maximal heart rate during training sessions. Isometric strength increase was correlated with change in voluntary activation (r = 0.74; p < 0.01). Conclusion The home-based WB-HIIT induced concomitant cardiorespiratory fitness and neuromuscular improvements. The predominant effect was observed for aerobic capacity and muscle endurance which could improve exercise tolerance and reduce fatigability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Scoubeau
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Julie Carpentier
- Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biology and Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
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Diaz-Canestro C, Chen J, Liu Y, Han H, Wang Y, Honoré E, Lee CH, Lam KSL, Tse MA, Xu A. A machine-learning algorithm integrating baseline serum proteomic signatures predicts exercise responsiveness in overweight males with prediabetes. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100944. [PMID: 36787735 PMCID: PMC9975321 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular transducers conferring the benefits of chronic exercise in diabetes prevention remain to be comprehensively investigated. Herein, serum proteomic profiling of 688 inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers in 36 medication-naive overweight and obese men with prediabetes reveals hundreds of exercise-responsive proteins modulated by 12-week high-intensity interval exercise training, including regulators of metabolism, cardiovascular system, inflammation, and apoptosis. Strong associations are found between proteins involved in gastro-intestinal mucosal immunity and metabolic outcomes. Exercise-induced changes in trefoil factor 2 (TFF2) are associated with changes in insulin resistance and fasting insulin, whereas baseline levels of the pancreatic secretory granule membrane major glycoprotein GP2 are related to changes in fasting glucose and glucose tolerance. A hybrid set of 23 proteins including TFF2 are differentially altered in exercise responders and non-responders. Furthermore, a machine-learning algorithm integrating baseline proteomic signatures accurately predicts individualized metabolic responsiveness to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candela Diaz-Canestro
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiarui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Eric Honoré
- Université Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Labex ICST, Valbonne, France
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karen S L Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michael Andrew Tse
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Prado GHJD, Sardeli AV, Lord JM, Cavaglieri CR. The effects of ageing, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 levels: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111933. [PMID: 36007720 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to test the effect of ageing, BMI, physical activity and chronic exercise on IL-15 blood concentration by meta-analyses of the literature. METHODS The search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, ProQuest, Embase and Cochrane databases. First meta-analysis compared blood IL-15 of healthy adults across three age groups (<35 years, 35-65 years, and >65 years), considering BMI as confounding factor; the second compared IL-15 levels between physically active and non-physically active individuals (cross-sectional studies); and the third tested the effect of chronic exercise interventions on blood IL-15 levels on participants of any age, sex, and health condition. RESULTS From 2582 studies retrieved, 67 were selected for the three meta-analyses (age effect: 59; physical activity cross-sectional effect: 5; chronic exercise effect: 14). Older adults had lower blood IL-15 than young and middle-aged adults (5.30 pg/ml [4.76; 5.83]; 7.11 pg/ml [6.33; 7.88]; 7.10 pg/ml [5.55; 8.65], respectively). However, the subgroup of overweight older adults had higher IL-15 than young and middle aged overweight adults; Habitual physical activity did not affect blood IL-15 (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.61 [-0.65; 1.88], p = 0.34); Chronic exercise reduced blood IL-15 in short-term interventions (<16 weeks) (SMD -0.14 [-0.27; -0.01], p = 0.04), but not studies of >16 weeks of intervention (SMD 0.44 [-0.26; 1.15], p = 0.22). CONCLUSION The present meta-analyses highlight the complex interaction of age, BMI and physical activity on blood IL-15 and emphasize the need to take these factors into account when considering the role of this myokine in health throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Veiga Sardeli
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Janet Mary Lord
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Cláudia Regina Cavaglieri
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Gerontology Program, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Parada-Sánchez SG, Macias-Cervantes MH, Pérez-Vázquez V, Vargas-Ortiz K. The effects of different types of exercise on circulating irisin levels in healthy individuals and in people with overweight, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine secreted during exercise. It has drawn the attention of researchers as it regulates several effects of exercise that are considered beneficial. It has also been proposed as a therapeutic tool to treat metabolic disorders. In recent years, the effect of different types of training on circulating irisin has been studied in large populations. An overall beneficial result has been shown, however, the outcome of the investigations has raised some controversy. Herein we evaluated the existing literature on the effects of different types of training on the circulating irisin levels in healthy subjects and in those displaying different metabolic condition. We conducted queries in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for literature published between January 2010 and January 2021. Thirty-seven original articles were retrieved and they were included in this review. Any letter to the editor, meta-analyses, reviews, and systematic review articles were excluded. From these 37 articles, 19 of them reported increased levels of circulating irisin. The interventions encompassed aerobic, resistance, combined, circuit, and interval training types. Such increase of circulating irisin was reported for healthy subjects and for those displaying different metabolic condition. A training that is steadily kept with a moderate to high intensity, including that characterized by brief highly intense intervals, were distinguishable from the rest. Nevertheless, the training effectiveness as evaluated by the increased circulating irisin levels depends on the subject’s metabolic condition and age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K Vargas-Ortiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Guanajuato, México.
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Scoubeau C, Bonnechère B, Cnop M, Faoro V, Klass M. Effectiveness of Whole-Body High-Intensity Interval Training on Health-Related Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159559. [PMID: 35954911 PMCID: PMC9367756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to its versatility, whole-body high-intensity interval training (WB-HIIT) can be proposed to the general population and patients to improve health-related fitness. However, its effectiveness compared to traditional aerobic continuous or interval trainings has yet to be determined. A search of four electronic databases was conducted. Studies reporting the effects of WB-HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fat mass, fat-free mass, musculoskeletal fitness and metabolic risk factors were included. Standardized mean differences (SMD) between WB-HIIT and no exercise or traditional aerobic trainings were calculated. A meta-regression assessed the effect of total training time on the different outcomes. Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and nineteen in the meta-analysis. Compared to no exercise, WB-HIIT improves CRF (SMD: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.28, 1.23; p < 0.001), fat-free mass (SMD: 0.38; 95%CI: 0.11, 0.65; p < 0.001), fat mass (SMD: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.09, 0.72; p < 0.001) and musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.08; p < 0.001). Compared to other aerobic trainings, WB-HIIT has a lower effect on CRF (SMD: −0.40; 95%CI: −0.70, −0.11; p = 0.007), a similar effect on fat-free mass (SMD: −0.04; 95%CI: −0.44, 0.35; p = 0.8) and fat mass (SMD: −0.07; 95%CI: −0.39, 0.25; p = 0.7), and a larger effect on musculoskeletal fitness (SMD: 0.42; 95%CI: 0.14, 0.71; p = 0.003). WB-HIIT overall effect and specific effect on CRF and fat mass were associated with total training time. The systematic review did not provide evidence of metabolic risk improvement. Despite a slightly lower effect on CRF, WB-HIIT is equally effective as traditional aerobic trainings to improve body composition and more effective to enhance musculoskeletal fitness, which is essential for execution of daily tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Scoubeau
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (C.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Bruno Bonnechère
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium;
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium;
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Vitalie Faoro
- Cardio-Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; (C.S.); (V.F.)
| | - Malgorzata Klass
- Research Unit in Biometry and Exercise Nutrition, Faculty of Motor Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology, Faculty of Motor Sciences, ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Sawicka AK, Jaworska J, Brzeska B, Sabisz A, Samborowska E, Radkiewicz M, Szurowska E, Winklewski PJ, Szarmach A, Olek RA. L-Carnitine Combined with Leucine Supplementation Does Not Improve the Effectiveness of Progressive Resistance Training in Healthy Aged Women. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:945-953. [PMID: 36259583 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of L-carnitine (LC) in combination with leucine supplementation on muscle strength and muscle hypertrophy in aged women participating in a resistance exercise training (RET) program. DESIGN/SETTING/PARTICIPANTS Thirty-seven out of sixty (38.3% dropout) healthy women aged 60-75 years (mean 67.6 ± 0.7 years) completed the intervention in one of three groups. One of the supplemented groups received 1 g of L-carnitine-L-tartrate in combination with 3 g of L-leucine per day (LC+L group; n = 12), and the second supplemented group received 4 g of L-leucine per day (L group; n = 13). The control group (CON group; n = 12) received no supplementation. INTERVENTION All three groups completed the same RET protocol involving exercise sessions twice per week for 24 weeks. MEASUREMENTS Before and after the experiment, participants performed isometric and isokinetic muscle strength testing on the Biodex dynamometer. The cross-sectional areas of the major knee extensors and total thigh muscles were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Fasting serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), myostatin and decorin, and plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) levels were measured. RESULTS The 24-week RET significantly increased muscle strength and muscle volume, but the group and time interactions were not significant for the muscle variables analyzed. Plasma total carnitine increased only in the LC+L group (p = 0.009). LC supplementation also caused a significant increase in plasma TMAO, which was higher after the intervention in the LC+L group than in the L (p < 0.001), and CON (p = 0.005) groups. The intervention did not change plasma TMAO concentration in the L (p = 0.959) and CON (p = 0.866) groups. After the intervention serum decorin level was higher than before in both supplemented groups combined (p = 0.012), still not significantly different to post intervention CON (p = 0.231). No changes in serum IGF-1 and myostatin concentrations and no links between the changes in blood markers and muscle function or muscle volume were observed. CONCLUSIONS LC combined with leucine or leucine alone does not appear to improve the effectiveness of RET.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Sawicka
- Robert A. Olek, Department of Athletics, Strength, and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Krolowej Jadwigi 27/39; 61-871 Poznan, Poland, e-mail: , ORCID: 0000-0002-3714-7386
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Zouhal H, Jayavel A, Parasuraman K, Hayes LD, Tourny C, Rhibi F, Laher I, Abderrahman AB, Hackney AC. Effects of Exercise Training on Anabolic and Catabolic Hormones with Advanced Age: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2021; 52:1353-1368. [PMID: 34936049 PMCID: PMC9124654 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years. Methods We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the ‘grey literature’ (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms ‘ageing’ OR ‘advanced age’ OR ‘old people’ OR ‘older’ OR elderly’ AND ‘anabolic hormones’ OR ‘catabolic hormones’ OR ‘steroid hormones’ OR ‘sex hormones’ OR ‘testosterone’ OR ‘cortisol’ OR ‘insulin’ OR ‘insulin-like growth factor-1’ OR ‘IGF-1’ OR ‘sex hormone-binding globulin’ OR ‘SHBG’ OR ‘growth hormone’ OR ‘hGH’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone’ OR ‘DHEA’ OR ‘dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)’ AND ‘exercise training’ OR ‘endurance training’ OR ‘resistance training’ OR ‘ strength training’ OR ‘weight-lifting’ OR ‘high-intensity interval training’ OR ‘high-intensity interval exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent training’ OR ‘high-intensity intermittent exercise’ OR ‘interval aerobic training’ OR ‘interval aerobic exercise’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic training’ OR ‘intermittent aerobic exercise’ OR ‘high-intensity training’ OR ‘high-intensity exercise’ OR ‘sprint interval training’ OR ‘sprint interval exercise’ OR ‘combined exercise training’ OR ‘anaerobic training’. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis. Results Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults. Conclusion In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassane Zouhal
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France.
| | - Ayyappan Jayavel
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Kamalanathan Parasuraman
- SRM College of Physiotherapy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, TN, 603203, India
| | - Lawrence D Hayes
- Institute of Clinical Exercise and Health Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Lanarkshire Campus, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK
| | | | - Fatma Rhibi
- M2S, Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé, EA 1274, Université Rennes, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ismail Laher
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Nordic Walking Rather Than High Intensity Interval Training Reduced Myostatin Concentration More Effectively in Elderly Subjects and the Range of This Drop Was Modified by Metabolites of Vitamin D. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124393. [PMID: 34959945 PMCID: PMC8705296 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent self-isolation exacerbated the problem of insufficient amounts of physical activity and its consequences. At the same time, this revealed the advantage of vitamin D. Thus, there was a need to verify the effects of those forms of training that can be performed independently. In this study, we examined the effects of Nordic walking (NW) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) with regard to the impact of the metabolite vitamin D. We assigned 32 overweight adults (age = 61 ± 12 years) to one of two training groups: NW = 18 and HIIT = 14. Body composition assessment and blood sample collection were conducted before starting the training programs and a day after their completion. NW training induced a significant decrease in myostatin (p = 0.05) concentration; however, the range was dependent on the baseline concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. This drop was accompanied by a significant negative correlation with the decorin concentration. Unexpectedly, NW caused a decrement in both forms of osteocalcin: undercarboxylated (Glu-OC) and carboxylated-type (Gla-OC). The scope of Glu-OC changes was dependent on a baseline concentration of 25(OH)D2 (r = −0.60, p = 0.01). In contrast, the HIIT protocol did not induce any changes. Overall results revealed that NW diminished the myostatin concentration and that this effect is more pronounced among adults with a sufficient concentration of vitamin D metabolites.
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Long-Term Effect of Exercise on Irisin Blood Levels-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111438. [PMID: 34828485 PMCID: PMC8618299 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise may activate a number of important biochemical processes in the human body. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify the long-term effect of physical activity on irisin blood levels. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles addressing the long-term effect of physical exercise on irisin blood levels. Fifty-nine articles were included in the final qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant within-group effect of exercise on irisin blood levels was in 33 studies; out of them, the irisin level increased 23× and decreased 10×. The significant positive between-groups effect was found 11×. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that physical exercise had a significant positive effect on irisin blood levels (SMD = 0.39 (95% CI 0.27–0.52)). Nevertheless, considerably high heterogeneity was found in all the analyses. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that physical exercise might increase irisin blood levels; however, the results of individual studies were considerably inconsistent, which questions the methodological detection of irisin by ELISA kits.
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Batrakoulis A, Jamurtas AZ, Draganidis D, Georgakouli K, Tsimeas P, Poulios A, Syrou N, Deli CK, Papanikolaou K, Tournis S, Fatouros IG. Hybrid Neuromuscular Training Improves Cardiometabolic Health and Alters Redox Status in Inactive Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1601. [PMID: 34679738 PMCID: PMC8533161 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a 5-month high-intensity hybrid-type neuromuscular training program with nontraditional implements on cardiometabolic health, redox status, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in inactive overweight and obese women. Forty-nine inactive female participants with overweight and obesity (age: 36.4 ± 4.4 years; BMI: 29.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either a control (C, n = 21) or a training group (TR, n = 28). TR followed a 20-week supervised, progressive, time-efficient (3 days/week; 6-15 min net exercise time) program implementing loaded fundamental movement patterns with prescribed work-to-rest time intervals (20-40 s, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1) in a circuit fashion (2-3 rounds). Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline and post-training as secondary outcomes of a larger randomized controlled trial. At post-intervention, TR demonstrated favorable changes in resting heart rate (-7%, p = 0.043), high-density lipoprotein (+18.1%, p = 0.029), atherogenic index (-17%, p = 0.045), mean arterial pressure (-4.5%, p = 0.03), waist circumference (-6.2%, p = 0.005), waist-to-hip ratio (-4.6%; p = 0.015), metabolic syndrome severity score (-222%, p = 0.024), full 30-year CVD risk (-15.8%, p = 0.002) and hard 30-year CVD risk (-17.6%, p = 0.01), vascular age (-7.8%, p = 0.002), protein carbonyls (-45.7%, p = 0.001), catalase activity (+15.2%, p = 0.023), and total antioxidant capacity (+11.4%, p = 0.002) relative to C. Additionally, TR induced beneficial changes in fasting glucose (-3.4%, p = 0.002), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (-15.7%, p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (-5.6%, p < 0.001), reduced glutathione (+39.8%, p < 0.001), 10-year CVD risk (-17.4%, p = 0.011), and total bilirubin (-21.7%, p < 0.001) compared to baseline. These results suggest that hybrid-type neuromuscular training may improve aspects of cardiometabolic health and antioxidant status in inactive overweight and obese women providing a time-efficient (~100 min/week) exercise approach in a real-world gym setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Batrakoulis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Athanasios Z. Jamurtas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Dimitrios Draganidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Kalliopi Georgakouli
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Tsimeas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Athanasios Poulios
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Niki Syrou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Chariklia K. Deli
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Konstantinos Papanikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
| | - Symeon Tournis
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System “Th. Garofalidis”, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 14561 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ioannis G. Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, 42100 Trikala, Greece; (A.B.); (A.Z.J.); (D.D.); (P.T.); (A.P.); (N.S.); (C.K.D.); (K.P.)
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Iversen VM, Norum M, Schoenfeld BJ, Fimland MS. No Time to Lift? Designing Time-Efficient Training Programs for Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review. Sports Med 2021; 51:2079-2095. [PMID: 34125411 PMCID: PMC8449772 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Lack of time is among the more commonly reported barriers for abstention from exercise programs. The aim of this review was to determine how strength training can be most effectively carried out in a time-efficient manner by critically evaluating research on acute training variables, advanced training techniques, and the need for warm-up and stretching. When programming strength training for optimum time-efficiency we recommend prioritizing bilateral, multi-joint exercises that include full dynamic movements (i.e. both eccentric and concentric muscle actions), and to perform a minimum of one leg pressing exercise (e.g. squats), one upper-body pulling exercise (e.g. pull-up) and one upper-body pushing exercise (e.g. bench press). Exercises can be performed with machines and/or free weights based on training goals, availability, and personal preferences. Weekly training volume is more important than training frequency and we recommend performing a minimum of 4 weekly sets per muscle group using a 6–15 RM loading range (15–40 repetitions can be used if training is performed to volitional failure). Advanced training techniques, such as supersets, drop sets and rest-pause training roughly halves training time compared to traditional training, while maintaining training volume. However, these methods are probably better at inducing hypertrophy than muscular strength, and more research is needed on longitudinal training effects. Finally, we advise restricting the warm-up to exercise-specific warm-ups, and only prioritize stretching if the goal of training is to increase flexibility. This review shows how acute training variables can be manipulated, and how specific training techniques can be used to optimize the training response: time ratio in regard to improvements in strength and hypertrophy. Graphic Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard M Iversen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Martin Norum
- Independent Researcher, Norum Helse AS, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Marius S Fimland
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Unicare Helsefort Rehabilitation Centre, Rissa, Norway
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Effect of Various Exercise Regimens on Selected Exercise-Induced Cytokines in Healthy People. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18031261. [PMID: 33572495 PMCID: PMC7908590 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Different forms of physical activity—endurance, resistance or dynamic power—stimulate cytokine release from various tissues to the bloodstream. Receptors for exercise-induced cytokines are present in muscle tissue, adipose tissue, liver, brain, bones, cardiovascular system, immune system, pancreas, and skin. They have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine activities. Many of them regulate the myocyte growth and differentiation necessary for muscle hypertrophy and myogenesis. They also modify energy homeostasis, lipid, carbohydrate, and protein metabolism, regulate inflammation and exchange information (crosstalk) between remote organs. So far, interleukin 6 and irisin have been the best studied exercise-induced cytokines. However, many more can be grouped into myokines, hepatokines and adipomyokines. This review focuses on the less known exercise-induced cytokines such as myostatin, follistatin, decorin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor 21 and interleukin 15, and their relation to various forms of exercise, i.e., acute vs. chronic, regular training in healthy people.
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Micielska K, Kortas JA, Gmiat A, Jaworska J, Kozlowska M, Lysak-Radomska A, Rodziewicz-Flis E, Zychowska M, Ziemann E. Habitually inactive physically - a proposed procedure of counteracting cognitive decline in women with diminished insulin sensitivity through a high-intensity circuit training program. Physiol Behav 2020; 229:113235. [PMID: 33130034 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study verified the impact of five weeks of high-intensity circuit training (HICT) on changes in concentration of exerkines in relation to cognitive functions. Sedentary women (n = 33; age=39±13 years) were randomly assigned into the HICT (n = 21) group or the control group (n = 12). The HICT group performed 15 training sessions; meanwhile, the control group performed the HICT twice, only at baseline and at the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected before, 1 h and 24 h after the first and last HICT, to evaluate the concentration of exerkines: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and cathepsin B (CATB) using enzyme immunoassay method. Cognitive functions and quality of life were assessed using the Vienna Test System and the Short Form Health Survey. HICT induced improvement of cognitive function and quality of life, and these changes were accompanied by an increase of BDNF and shifts in CATB concentration. HICT program caused a decrease in FGF-21 concentration, which was modified by age and insulin sensitivity. The improvement of cognitive functions was more pronounced in females, who experienced a drop in FGF-21. In summary, HICT program, that can be performed during pandemic, enhanced cognitive functions and this response was related to changes in exerkines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Micielska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland; Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Jakub Antoni Kortas
- Department of Sport, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Gmiat
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Joanna Jaworska
- Department of Physical Education and Lifelong Sports, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland
| | - Marta Kozlowska
- Department of Physiology, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Anna Lysak-Radomska
- Department of Occupation Therapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Ewa Rodziewicz-Flis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk 80-336, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zychowska
- Institute of Physical Education, Department of Sport, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland
| | - Ewa Ziemann
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poznan 61-871, Poland.
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Piovesan CH, Gustavo A, Macagnan FE, Saboya PP, Oliveira MDS, Bodanese LC, Ludwig MWB, Closs VE, Feoli AMP. The Effect of Different Interventions for Lifestyle Modifications on the Number of Diagnostic Criteria and Clinical Aspects of Metabolic Syndrome. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:8-17. [PMID: 33090083 DOI: 10.1089/met.2019.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lifestyle intervention programs comprise the first-choice therapy to reduce the cardiovascular risk factors in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Our aim was to compare the effects of three lifestyle modification programs on the number of diagnostic criteria and clinical parameters of MetS. Methods: Twelve-week clinical trial, including 125 adults who presented at least three of the criteria defined by the revised NCEP ATP III (National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Panel III) for MetS. Individuals were randomized into three multidisciplinary intervention groups: Standard Intervention (SI), Group Intervention (GI) and Individual Intervention (II). Results: Seventy-one individuals, aged 34-59 years, concluded the study: SI: 20, GI: 25, and II: 26. The GI and II groups presented a significant decrease of body mass index, abdominal circumference, diastolic and systolic arterial pressure after intervention. The number of diagnostic criteria for MetS decreased significantly. Within the GI and II groups, 16.0% and 15.4% of the individuals, respectively, did not meet the criteria for the clinical condition studied at the end of the interventions. In the II group, the percentage of individuals with five criteria reduced 83.5%. In the GI group, the percentage of individuals with five criteria remained the same, but the number of individuals with four criteria presented a 50.0% reduction. Conclusions: Results reinforce that nonpharmacological strategies for changing lifestyle affect the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors existing in MetS. They are also able to remove the population from this clinical condition by decreasing the diagnostic criteria. II or GI lead to a successful treatment of MetS, especially when conducted by multidisciplinary team. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials-ReBEC number: RBR-9wz5fc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Haas Piovesan
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Andréia Gustavo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Edler Macagnan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pozas Saboya
- Cardiology Service of Hospital São Lucas, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Margareth da Silva Oliveira
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Bodanese
- Cardiology Service of Hospital São Lucas, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Martha Wallig Brusius Ludwig
- Department of Contextual Behavioral Therapies, Center for Family and Individual Studies, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vera Elizabeth Closs
- Biomedical Gerontology Graduate Program - Study Group on Cardiometabolic Risk, Aging and Nutrition - Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Pandolfo Feoli
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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21
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Myostatin as a Biomarker of Muscle Wasting and other Pathologies-State of the Art and Knowledge Gaps. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082401. [PMID: 32796600 PMCID: PMC7469036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome with a significant impact on older patients’ quality of life, morbidity and mortality. Despite the new available criteria, its early diagnosis remains difficult, highlighting the necessity of looking for a valid muscle wasting biomarker. Myostatin, a muscle mass negative regulator, is one of the potential candidates. The aim of this work is to point out various factors affecting the potential of myostatin as a biomarker of muscle wasting. Based on the literature review, we can say that recent studies produced conflicting results and revealed a number of potential confounding factors influencing their use in sarcopenia diagnosing. These factors include physiological variables (such as age, sex and physical activity) as well as a variety of disorders (including heart failure, metabolic syndrome, kidney failure and inflammatory diseases) and differences in laboratory measurement methodology. Our conclusion is that although myostatin alone might not prove to be a feasible biomarker, it could become an important part of a recently proposed panel of muscle wasting biomarkers. However, a thorough understanding of the interrelationship of these markers, as well as establishing a valid measurement methodology for myostatin and revising current research data in the light of new criteria of sarcopenia, is needed.
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22
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Mass Index and Insulin Resistance in Healthy Adults. Am J Med 2020; 133:e449. [PMID: 32741456 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Kawada T. Cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness and metabolic syndrome with special reference to glucose intolerance. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:45. [PMID: 31864083 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Kawada
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan.
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24
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Metabolic Health-The Role of Adipo-Myokines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246159. [PMID: 31817641 PMCID: PMC6941068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic. In recent years, different phenotypes of obesity, ranging from metabolically healthy normal weight to metabolically unhealthy obese, were described. Although there is no standardized definition for these phenotypes or for metabolic health, the influence of lifestyle and early-life factors is undisputed. In this context, the ratio of muscle-to-fat tissue seems to play a crucial role. Both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle are highly heterogeneous endocrine organs secreting several hormones, with myokines and adipokines being involved in local autocrine/paracrine interactions and crosstalk with other tissues. Some of these endocrine factors are secreted by both tissues and are, therefore, termed adipo-myokines. High (cardiorespiratory) fitness as a surrogate parameter for an active lifestyle is epidemiologically linked to “better” metabolic health, even in the obese; this may be partly due to the role of adipo-myokines and the crosstalk between adipose and muscle tissue. Therefore, it is essential to consider (cardiovascular) fitness in the definition of metabolically healthy obese/metabolic health and to perform longitudinal studies in this regard. A better understanding of both the (early-life) lifestyle factors and the underlying mechanisms that mediate different phenotypes is necessary for the tailored prevention and personalized treatment of obesity.
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25
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Seo YG, Noh HM, Kim SY. Weight loss effects of circuit training interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:1642-1650. [PMID: 31322317 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the weight loss effects of circuit training interventions in adults. A computerized search was conducted using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, and EMBASE online databases. The analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of circuit training interventions on body weight and body mass index in adults aged 18 years or older. Meta-analyses were conducted using the random-effect model to estimate the weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Nine randomized controlled trials (837 participants) were included. Significant intervention effects were identified for body weight (WMD = -3.81 kg, 95% CI -5.60 to -2.02) and body mass index (WMD = -1.77 kg/m2 , 95% CI -2.49 to -1.04). Subgroup analysis by body mass index status showed that the intervention effect was significant only in participants with obesity or overweight (obesity: WMD = -5.15 kg, 95% CI -8.81 to -1.50 and overweight: WMD = -3.89 kg, 95% CI -7.00 to -0.77, respectively) but not in those with normal weight. Current evidence suggests that circuit training effectively reduces body weight and body mass index in adults with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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