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Ryder JH, Van Schooneveld TC, Lyden E, El Ramahi R, Stohs EJ. The interplay of infectious diseases consultation and antimicrobial stewardship in candidemia outcomes: A retrospective cohort study from 2016 to 2019. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2023; 44:1102-1107. [PMID: 36082773 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2022.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the need for mandatory infectious diseases consultation (IDC) for candidemia in the setting of antimicrobial stewardship guidance. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study from January 2016 to December 2019. SETTING Academic quaternary-care referral center. PATIENTS All episodes of candidemia in adults (n = 92), excluding concurrent bacterial infection or death or hospice care within 48 hours. METHODS Primary outcome was all-cause 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included guideline-adherence and treatment choice. Guideline-adherence was assessed with the EQUAL Candida score. RESULTS Of 186 episodes of candidemia, 92 episodes in 88 patients were included. Central venous catheters (CVCs) were present in 66 episodes (71.7%) and were the most common infection source (N = 38, 41.3%). The most frequently isolated species was Candida glabrata (40 of 94, 42.6%). IDC was performed in 84 (91.3%) of 92 candidemia episodes. Mortality rates were 20.8% (16 of 77) in the IDC group versus 25% (2 of 8) in the no-IDC group (P = .67). Other comparisons were numerically different but not significant: repeat blood culture (98.8% vs 87.5%; P = .17), echocardiography (70.2% vs 50%; P = .26), CVC removal (91.7% vs 83.3%; P = .45), and initial echinocandin treatment (67.9% vs 50%; P = .44). IDC resulted in more ophthalmology examinations (67.9% vs 12.5%; P = .0035). All patients received antifungal therapy. Antimicrobial stewardship recommendations were performed in 19 episodes (20.7%). The median EQUAL Candida score with CVC was higher with IDC (16 vs 11; P = .001) but not in episodes without CVC (12 vs 11.5; P = .81). CONCLUSIONS In the setting of an active antimicrobial stewardship program and high consultation rates, mandatory IDC may not be warranted for candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Ryder
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Trevor C Van Schooneveld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Elizabeth Lyden
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | | | - Erica J Stohs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Sprute R, Bethe U, Chen SCA, Cornely OA. OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1779-1784. [PMID: 35325146 PMCID: PMC9155625 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Invasive infections due to Trichosporon spp. are life-threatening opportunistic fungal infections that require complex clinical management. Guidelines assist clinicians but can be challenging to comply with. Objectives To develop a scoring tool to facilitate and quantify adherence to current guideline recommendations for invasive trichosporonosis. Methods We reviewed the current guideline for managing rare yeast infections (ECMM, ISHAM and ASM). The most important recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up were assembled and weighted according to their strength of recommendation and level of evidence. Additional items considered highly relevant for clinical management were also included. Results The resulting EQUAL Trichosporon Score 2022 comprises 18 items, with a maximum score of 39 points. For diagnostics, seven or eight items, depending on whether organ involvement is present or not, apply, resulting in a maximum of 18 or 21 points. Recommendations on diagnostics include imaging, infectious diseases expert consultation, culture, microscopy, molecular techniques, histopathology, and susceptibility testing. For treatment, six recommendations with a maximum of ten points were identified, with two additional points for organ involvement and one point for second-line treatment in uncontrolled disease. Treatment recommendations include immediate initiation, source control, pharmacological treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring, treatment duration and surgical intervention. Follow-up comprises two items with five points maximum, covering follow-up blood cultures and imaging. Conclusions The EQUAL Trichosporon Score weighs and aggregates factors recommended for optimal management of Trichosporon infections. It provides a tool for antifungal stewardship as well as for measuring guideline adherence, but remains to be correlated with patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne Sprute
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Chair Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Ullrich Bethe
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Chair Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, NRW, Germany
| | - Sharon C.-A. Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Chair Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, NRW, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Cologne, NRW, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital MC), Cologne, Germany
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Junco SJ, Chehab S, Giancarelli A, Bowman MC, Turner RB. Adherence to National Consensus Guidelines and Association with Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Candidemia. Infect Dis (Lond) 2021; 14:11786337211018722. [PMID: 34163174 PMCID: PMC8188963 DOI: 10.1177/11786337211018722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: National consensus guidelines outline recommendations for best practices in treating patients with candidemia. This study evaluated the impact of receiving care adherent to the best practice recommendations on clinical outcomes in patients with candidemia. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study included patients with candidemia from 2010 to 2015 at 9 hospitals. The primary outcome was the composite of 30-day in-hospital mortality and 90-day candidemia recurrence. Outcomes were compared between those receiving and not receiving care adherent to the guideline recommendations. Inverse probability weights with regression adjustment were utilized to determine the average treatment effect of adherent care on the composite outcome Results: 295 patients were included with 14.2% meeting criteria for the composite outcome (11.9% mortality and 2.4% recurrence). The average treatment effect of adherent care was not significant (P = .75). However, receiving appropriate initial antifungal treatment and central venous catheter removal were both associated with the composite (average treatment effect of −17.5%, P = .011 and −8.8%, P = .013, respectively). In patients with a source of infection other than the central line, central venous catheter removal was not associated with the composite (P = .95). The most common reason for failure to receive appropriate initial antifungal treatment was omission of the loading dose. Conclusions: Central venous catheter removal and appropriate initial antifungal treatment were associated with a lower incidence of the composite of mortality and recurrence. Additional studies are needed to determine the optimal duration of therapy following candidemia clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - R Brigg Turner
- Pacific University, School of Pharmacy, Hillsboro, OR, USA
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4
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Johnson MD, Lewis RE, Dodds Ashley ES, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, Zaoutis T, Thompson GR, Andes DR, Walsh TJ, Pappas PG, Cornely OA, Perfect JR, Kontoyiannis DP. Core Recommendations for Antifungal Stewardship: A Statement of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:S175-S198. [PMID: 32756879 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global public health community has increasingly recognized the importance of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the fight to improve outcomes, decrease costs, and curb increases in antimicrobial resistance around the world. However, the subject of antifungal stewardship (AFS) has received less attention. While the principles of AMS guidelines likely apply to stewarding of antifungal agents, there are additional considerations unique to AFS and the complex field of fungal infections that require specific recommendations. In this article, we review the literature on AMS best practices and discuss AFS through the lens of the global core elements of AMS. We offer recommendations for best practices in AFS based on a synthesis of this evidence by an interdisciplinary expert panel of members of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. We also discuss research directions in this rapidly evolving field. AFS is an emerging and important component of AMS, yet requires special considerations in certain areas such as expertise, education, interventions to optimize utilization, therapeutic drug monitoring, and data analysis and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Russell E Lewis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elizabeth S Dodds Ashley
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Mycology Research, McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Theoklis Zaoutis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Medicine and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Thomas J Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter G Pappas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, partner site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Clinical Trials Center Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John R Perfect
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dimitrios P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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5
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Kobayashi T, Marra AR, Schweizer ML, Ten Eyck P, Wu C, Alzunitan M, Salinas JL, Siegel M, Farmakiotis D, Auwaerter PG, Healy HS, Diekema DJ. Impact of Infectious Disease Consultation in Patients With Candidemia: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Literature Review, and Meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa270. [PMID: 32904995 PMCID: PMC7462368 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality from candidemia remain unacceptably high. While infectious disease consultation (IDC) is known to lower the mortality from Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, little is known about the impact of IDC in candidemia. METHODS We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of candidemia patients at a large tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2019. The crude mortality rate was compared between those with IDC and without IDC. Then, we systematically searched 5 databases through February 2020 and performed a meta-analysis of the impact of IDC on the mortality of patients with candidemia. RESULTS A total of 151 patients met the inclusion criteria, 129 (85%) of whom received IDC. Thirty-day and 90-day mortality rates were significantly lower in the IDC group (18% vs 50%; P = .002; 23% vs 50%; P = .0022, respectively). A systematic literature review returned 216 reports, of which 13 studies including the present report fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Among the 13 studies with a total of 3582 patients, IDC was performed in 50% of patients. Overall mortality was 38.2% with a significant difference in favor of the IDC group (28.4% vs 47.6%), with a pooled relative risk of 0.41 (95% CI, 0.35-0.49). Ophthalmology referral, echocardiogram, and central line removal were performed more frequently among patients receiving IDC. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first systematic literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between IDC and candidemia mortality. IDC was associated with significantly lower mortality and should be considered in all patients with candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kobayashi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alexandre R Marra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Division of Medical Practice, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marin L Schweizer
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Patrick Ten Eyck
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Chaorong Wu
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mohammed Alzunitan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorge L Salinas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Marc Siegel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, George Washington Medical Faculty Associates, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Farmakiotis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Paul G Auwaerter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heather S Healy
- Hardin Library for the Health Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Daniel J Diekema
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Lee RA, Zurko JC, Camins BC, Griffin RL, Rodriguez JM, McCarty TP, Magadia J, Pappas PG. Impact of Infectious Disease Consultation on Clinical Management and Mortality in Patients With Candidemia. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 68:1585-1587. [PMID: 30281081 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidemia has a high attributable mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of infectious disease consultation on mortality and clinical outcomes in candidemia. Infectious disease consultation was associated with better adherence to guidelines and improved survival, even in patients with high Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael A Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Joanna C Zurko
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Bernard C Camins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Russell L Griffin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama School of Public Health, Birmingham
| | - J Martin Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Todd P McCarty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Peter G Pappas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Cuervo G, Garcia-Vidal C, Puig-Asensio M, Merino P, Vena A, Martín-Peña A, Montejo JM, Ruiz A, Lázaro-Perona F, Fortún J, Fernández-Ruiz M, Suarez AI, Castro C, Cardozo C, Gudiol C, Aguado JM, Paño JR, Pemán J, Salavert M, Garnacho-Montero J, Cisneros JM, Soriano A, Muñoz P, Almirante B, Carratalà J. Usefulness of guideline recommendations for prognosis in patients with candidemia. Med Mycol 2020; 57:659-667. [PMID: 30418567 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to analyze whether the lack of inclusion of specific recommendations for the management of candidemia is an independent risk factor for early and overall mortality. Multicenter study of adult patients with candidemia in 13 hospitals. We assessed the proportion of patients on whom nine specific ESCMID and IDSA guidelines recommendations had been applied, and analyzed its impact on mortality. 455 episodes of candidemia were documented. Patients who died within the first 48 hours were excluded. Sixty-two percent of patients received an appropriate antifungal treatment. Either echinocandin or amphotericin B therapy were administered in 43% of patients presenting septic shock and in 71% of those with neutropenia. Sixty-one percent of patients with breakthrough candidemia underwent a change in antifungal drug class. Venous catheters were removed in 79% of cases. Follow-up blood cultures were performed in 72% of cases. Ophthalmoscopy and echocardiogram were performed in 48% and 50% of patients, respectively. Length of treatment was appropriate in 78% of cases. Early (2-7 days) and overall (2-30 days) mortality were 8% and 27.7%, respectively. Inclusion of less than 50% of the specific recommendations was independently associated with a higher early (HR = 7.02, 95% CI: 2.97-16.57; P < .001) and overall mortality (HR = 3.55, 95% CI: 2.24-5.64; P < .001). In conclusion, ESCMID and IDSA guideline recommendations were not performed on a significant number of patients. Lack of inclusion of these recommendations proved to be an independent risk factor for early and overall mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Cuervo
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mireia Puig-Asensio
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Vena
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Alba Ruiz
- Hospital Universitari i Politecnic "La Fe", Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Mario Fernández-Ruiz
- Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Celia Cardozo
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlota Gudiol
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Aguado
- Hospital Universitario "12 de Octubre", Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Javier Pemán
- Hospital Universitari i Politecnic "La Fe", Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Alex Soriano
- Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón e Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benito Almirante
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Carratalà
- Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL (Institut D'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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TEMOÇİN F, ŞENSOY L, DUMAN KARAKUŞ T, ATİLLA A, KURUOĞLU T, TANYEL E. The workload of consultations in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology clinics. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.738660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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9
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Mejia-Chew C, O'Halloran JA, Olsen MA, Stwalley D, Kronen R, Lin C, Salazar AS, Larson L, Hsueh K, Powderly WG, Spec A. Effect of infectious disease consultation on mortality and treatment of patients with candida bloodstream infections: a retrospective, cohort study. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:1336-1344. [PMID: 31562024 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida bloodstream infection is associated with high mortality. Infectious disease consultation improves outcomes in several infections, including Staphylococcus aureus and cryptococcosis, as well as multidrug-resistant organisms. We aimed to examine the association between infectious disease consultation and differences in management with mortality in candida bloodstream infections. METHODS In this retrospective, single-centre cohort study, we reviewed the medical charts of all patients admitted to Barnes-Jewish Hospital (St Louis, MO, USA), a tertiary referral centre, aged 18 years or older with candida bloodstream infection from 2002 to 2015. We collected data for demographics, comorbidities, predisposing factors, all-cause mortality, antifungal use, central-line removal, and ophthalmological and echocardiographic evaluation to assess 90-day all-cause mortality between individuals with and without an infectious disease consultation. For the survival analysis we used Cox proportional hazards model with inverse weighting by propensity score to assess the effects of infectious disease consultation on mortality and differences in management. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2002, and Dec 31, 2015, of 1794 patients assessed for eligibility, we analysed 1691 patients with candida bloodstream infection; 776 (45·9%) who had an infectious disease consultation and 915 (54·1%) who did not have an infectious disease consultation. All 1691 patients were included in the analysis. None were missing data. Most underlying comorbidities were evenly distributed between groups. 90-day mortality was lower in the infectious disease consultation group than in patients who did not receive an infectious disease consultation (29% [222/776] vs 51% [468/915]; p<0·0001). In the model with inverse weighting by the propensity score, infectious disease consultation was associated with a hazard ratio of 0·81 (95% CI 0·73-0·91; p<0·0001) for mortality. In the consultation group, median duration of antifungal therapy was longer (18 [IQR 14-35] vs 14 [6-20] days; p<0·0001) and central-line removal (587 [76%] of 776 vs 538 [59%] of 915; p<0·0001), echocardiography use (442 [57%] of 776 vs 305 [33%] of 915; p<0·0001), and ophthalmological examination (412 [53%] of 776 vs 160 [17%] of 915; p<0·0001) were more frequently done. Fewer patients in the infectious disease consultation group were not treated (13 [2%] of 776 vs 128 [14%] of 915; p<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Patients with candida bloodstream infection receiving an infectious disease consultation have lower mortality. This finding might be attributable to these individuals receiving a higher number of non-pharmacological, evidence-based interventions and lower amounts of non-treatment. These data suggest that an infectious disease consultation should be an integral part of clinical care of patients with candida bloodstream infection. FUNDING Astellas Global Development Pharma, Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences, and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mejia-Chew
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jane A O'Halloran
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Margaret A Olsen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dustin Stwalley
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan Kronen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charlotte Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ana S Salazar
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lindsey Larson
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Hsueh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Powderly
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrej Spec
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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10
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Lagrou K, Van Wijngaerden E. Infectious disease consultation lowers candidaemia mortality. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:1270-1272. [PMID: 31562023 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30522-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eric Van Wijngaerden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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11
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Jones TM, Drew RH, Wilson DT, Sarubbi C, Anderson DJ. Impact of automatic infectious diseases consultation on the management of fungemia at a large academic medical center. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019; 74:1997-2003. [PMID: 29167141 DOI: 10.2146/ajhp170113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of automatic infectious diseases (ID) consultation for inpatients with fungemia at a large academic medical center was studied. METHODS In this single-center, retrospective study, the time to appropriate antifungal therapy before and after implementing a policy requiring automatic ID consultation for the management of fungemia for all patients with an inpatient positive blood culture for fungus was examined. The rates of ID consultation; the likelihood of receiving appropriate antifungal therapy; central venous catheter (CVC) removal rates; performance of ophthalmologic examinations; infection-related length of stay (LOS); rates of all-cause inhospital mortality, death, or transfer to an intensive care unit within 7 days of first culture; and inpatient cost of antifungals were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 173 unique episodes (94 and 79 in the control and intervention groups, respectively) were included. Candida species were the most frequently cultured organisms, isolated from over 90% of patients in both groups. No differences were observed between the control and intervention groups in time to appropriate therapy, infection-related LOS, or time to CVC removal. However, patients in the intervention group were more likely than those in the control group to receive appropriate antifungal therapy (p = 0.0392), undergo ophthalmologic examination (p = 0.003), have their CVC removed (p = 0.0038), and receive ID consultation (p = 0.0123). Inpatient antifungal costs were significantly higher in the intervention group (p = 0.0177). CONCLUSION While automatic ID consultation for inpatients with fungemia did not affect the time to administration of appropriate therapy, improvement was observed for several process indicators, including rates of appropriate antifungal therapy selection, time to removal of CVCs, and performance of ophthalmologic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Jones
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC .,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Richard H Drew
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC
| | - Dustin T Wilson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC.,Department of Pharmacy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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Nemer S, Imtiaz T, Varikkara M, Collier A, Bal AM. Management of candidaemia with reference to the European confederation of medical mycology quality indicators. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019; 51:527-533. [DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2019.1606436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Nemer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Toufeeq Imtiaz
- Department of Renal Medicine, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Mohan Varikkara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ayr, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Andrew Collier
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Ayr, Kilmarnock, UK
| | - Abhijit M. Bal
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Crosshouse, Kilmarnock, UK
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Ishikane M, Hayakawa K, Kutsuna S, Takeshita N, Ohmagari N. The impact of infectious disease consultation in candidemia in a tertiary care hospital in Japan over 12 years. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215996. [PMID: 31022251 PMCID: PMC6483235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candidemia is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality as a hospital acquired infection. Infectious diseases consultation (IDC) might be beneficial to improve candidemia outcomes; however, only limited data from short periods of time are available thus far. METHODS An observational study of all candidemia patients at a large tertiary care hospital between 2002 and 2013 was conducted. A candidemia episode was defined as ≥ 1 positive result for Candida spp. in blood culture. Patients who died or transferred to another hospital within two days after their first positive blood culture were excluded. Independent risk factors for 30-day mortality were determined. RESULTS Among 275 patients with 283 episodes of candidemia, 194 (68.6%) were male, and the mean age was 70.0 ± 15.8 years. Central line-associated bloodstream infections, peripheral line-associated bloodstream infections, intra-abdominal infection, and unknown source comprised 220 (77.7%), 35 (12.4%), 13 (4.7%), and 15 (5.3%) episodes, respectively. A total of 126 patients (44.5%) received IDC. Factors independently associated with 30-day mortality in patients with candidemia were urinary catheters use (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48-5.87; P = 0.002) and severe sepsis/septic shock (adjusted HR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.20-3.65; P = 0.009). IDC was associated with a 46% reduction in 30-day mortality (adjusted HR = 0.54; 95% CI = 0.32-0.90; P = 0.017). CONCLUSION IDC was independently associated with a reduction in 30-day mortality. Only 44.5% of patients with candidemia in this cohort received IDC. Routine IDC should be actively considered for patients with candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ishikane
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kayoko Hayakawa
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Takeshita
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Jiménez-Aguilar P, Romero-Palacios A, De-la-Calle IJ, Martínez-Rubio MC, Girón-González JA, Rodríguez-Baño J. Unsolicited consultation by infectious diseases specialist improves outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection: A prospective cohort study. J Infect 2018; 77:503-508. [PMID: 30171877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an intervention based on unsolicited consultations by an infectious diseases specialist (IDS) on the adequacy of antimicrobial treatment and mortality in patients with BSI. METHODS A prospective cohort study was performed in a 410-bed hospital. An intervention based on unsolicited consultation by an IDS for patients with BSI was performed only on days when an IDS was available. Outcomes were the percentage of days on optimal antimicrobial treatment (PDOAT) and mortality. Analyses were performed by linear regression and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Of 400 episodes of BSI included, 292 received the intervention. The median (interquartile range) PDOAT among those with and without the intervention was 93 (6-100) and 0 (0-53), respectively. The intervention was independently associated with a higher PDOAT (r = 0.5; p < 0.001) but not with mortality. The IDS recommendations were followed in full in 183 episodes, and not in 109. Mortality was 10.4% and 27.6%, respectively. Adherence to recommendations was associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.5). CONCLUSIONS An intervention based on unsolicited IDS consultation for BSI episodes was associated with improved use of antibiotics and, when the recommendations were fully followed, with lower mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Jiménez-Aguilar
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Ctra. N-IV Km. 665, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain.
| | - Alberto Romero-Palacios
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Ctra. N-IV Km. 665, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Iría-Jesus De-la-Calle
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Ctra. N-IV Km. 665, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María-Carmen Martínez-Rubio
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerto Real, Ctra. N-IV Km. 665, Cádiz, Spain; Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - José-Antonio Girón-González
- Instituto para la Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Jesus Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Sevilla, Spain
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Rieg S, Hitzenbichler F, Hagel S, Suarez I, Kron F, Salzberger B, Pletz M, Kern WV, Fätkenheuer G, Jung N. Infectious disease services: a survey from four university hospitals in Germany. Infection 2018; 47:27-33. [PMID: 30120718 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Involvement of infectious disease (ID) specialists in the care of hospitalized patients with infections through consultation services improves the quality of care and the outcome of patients. This survey aimed to describe activities and utilization of ID consultations at four German tertiary care hospitals. METHODS A 1-month (March 2016) retrospective cross-sectional study at four university hospitals (Freiburg, Jena, Cologne and Regensburg) was performed. Only ID consultations with written documentation and bedside patient evaluation were included. Consultations were analyzed with regard to requesting departments, infections, case severity, and diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations. RESULTS In the study period, 638 ID consultations were performed in 479 patients-corresponding to 3-4 consultations per 100 inpatient cases. Patients were characterized by a high disease complexity-the mean case mix index in patients with consultation was 10.1 compared to 1.6 for all patients. ID consultations were requested by many different specialties, with approximately half of the requests coming from surgical disciplines. ID consultations resulted in revised diagnoses in 34% of the cases, provided recommendations for additional diagnostic procedures in 66%, and for modifications of antimicrobial regimens in 70% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS Infectious disease consultations were requested for patients with severe and complicated diseases and resulted in recommendations that highly impacted the diagnostic work-up and therapeutic management of patients. The results of this survey may help to estimate requirements for establishment of such services in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | | | - Stefan Hagel
- Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Isabelle Suarez
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Kron
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Pletz
- Infectious Disease, University Hospital of Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Winfried V Kern
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gerd Fätkenheuer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Norma Jung
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Poulat C, Nivoix Y, Launoy A, Lutun P, Bachellier P, Rohr S, Woehl ML, Levêque D, Bru V, Herbrecht R, Gourieux B. Assessment of high-priced systemic antifungal prescriptions. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:382-388. [PMID: 28412043 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess compliance with international guidelines for costly antifungal prescriptions and to compare these results with a first study performed in 2007. METHODS Retrospective study including all costly antifungal prescriptions made in surgical and medical intensive care units and in a hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and digestive surgery unit. Prescriptions were assessed in terms of indication, dosage, and antifungal de-escalation. RESULTS Seventy-four treatments were analyzed. Treatments were prescribed for prophylactic (1%), empirical (22%), pre-emptive (16%), or targeted therapy (61%). Caspofungin accounted for 68% of prescriptions, followed by voriconazole (20%) and liposomal amphotericin B (12%). Indication was appropriate in 91%, debatable in 1%, and inappropriate in 8%. Dosage was appropriate in 69%, debatable in 8%, and inappropriate in 23%. Prescriptions were inappropriate for the following reasons: lack of dosage adjustment in light of the hepatic function (10 cases), underdosage or excessive dosage by>25% of the recommended dose in seven cases. De-escalation to fluconazole was implemented in 40% of patients presenting with a fluconazole-susceptible candidiasis. CONCLUSION The overall incidence of appropriate use was higher in 2012 compared with 2007 (62% and 37% respectively, P=0.004). Nevertheless, costly antifungal prescriptions need to be optimized in particular for empirical therapy, dosage adjustment, and potential de-escalation to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Poulat
- Pharmacy, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - Y Nivoix
- Pharmacy, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France.
| | - A Launoy
- Surgical Intensive Care Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - P Lutun
- Medical Intensive Care Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - P Bachellier
- Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Digestive Surgery Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - S Rohr
- Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Digestive Surgery Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - M-L Woehl
- Hepatobiliary, Pancreatic and Digestive Surgery Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - D Levêque
- Pharmacy, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - V Bru
- Institut de parasitologie et de pathologie tropicale, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - R Herbrecht
- Oncology and Hematology Department, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Gourieux
- Pharmacy, hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, université de Strasbourg, 67098 Strasbourg, France
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The Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on the Choice of Antifungal Therapy in Patients With Candidemia. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Spec A, Olsen MA, Raval K, Powderly WG. Impact of Infectious Diseases Consultation on Mortality of Cryptococcal infection in Patients without HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 64:558-564. [PMID: 27927865 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An infectious disease (ID) consultation is often obtained to treat patients with cryptococcosis due to the complex nature of the disease, but has never been demonstrated to impact outcomes. Methods We assembled a retrospective cohort of 147 consecutive cases of cryptococcosis in patients without HIV. Patients who were diagnosed less than 24 hours prior to death were excluded. Survival analysis was performed with Cox regression with survival censored past 90 days. Results The patients with an ID consult had a higher fungal burden but a lower 90-day mortality compared to patients without ID involvement (27% vs 45%, p<0.001), with an adjusted hazard ratio of not receiving an ID consult of 4.1 (95% CI: 2.2, 7.6). The ID consult group was more likely to receive an indicated lumbar puncture (86% vs 32%, p<0.001), and more likely to be treated with amphotericin B (AmB) (87% vs 24%, p<0.001) and flucytosine (5-FC) (57% vs 16%, p<0.001) when indicated. The duration of therapy with AmB (14 vs 11 days, p=0.05) and 5-FC (7.5 vs 1 days, p<0.001) was longer in the ID consult group. Conclusions Patients that received an ID consult were significantly less likely to die in the 90 days following diagnosis. Patients seen by ID physicians were more likely to be managed according to evidence based practice established by randomized controlled trials and published in IDSA guidelines. These data suggest that an ID consult should be an integral part of clinical care of patients with cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Spec
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Margaret A Olsen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Krunal Raval
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Medicine, St Luke's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William G Powderly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida bloodstream infections most often affect those already suffering serious, potentially life-threatening conditions and often cause significant morbidity and mortality. Most affected persons have a central venous catheter (CVC) in place. The best CVC management in these cases has been widely debated in recent years, while the incidence of candidaemia has markedly increased. OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this review is to examine the impact of removing versus retaining a CVC on mortality in adults and children with candidaemia who have a CVC in place. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases from inception to 3 December 2015: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (Ovid SP), EMBASE (Ovid SP), the Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau (CAB), Web of Science and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). We searched for missed, unreported and ongoing trials in trial registries and in reference lists of excluded articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs involving adults and children with candidaemia and in which participants were randomized for removal of a CVC (the intervention under study), irrespective of publication status, date of publication, blinding status, outcomes published or language.However, two major factors make the conduct of RCTs in this population a difficult task: the large sample size required to document the impact of catheter removal in terms of overall mortality; and lack of economic interest from the industry in conducting such a trial. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Our primary outcome measure was mortality. Several secondary outcome measures such as required time for clearance of blood cultures for Candida species, frequency of persistent candidaemia, complications, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and in the hospital were planned, as were various subgroup and sensitivity analyses, according to our protocol. We assessed papers and abstracts for eligibility and resolved disagreements by discussion. However, we were not able to include any RCTs or quasi-RCTS in this review and, as a result, have carried out no meta-analyses. However, we have chosen to provide a brief overview of excluded observational studies. MAIN RESULTS We found no RCT and thus no available data for evaluation of the primary outcome (mortality) nor secondary outcomes or adverse effects. Therefore, we conducted no statistical analysis.A total of 73 observational studies reported on various clinically relevant outcomes following catheter removal or catheter retention. Most of these excluded, observational studies reported a beneficial effect of catheter removal in patients with candidaemia. None of the observational studies reported results in favour of retaining a catheter. However, the observational studies were very heterogeneous with regards to population, pathogens and interventions. Furthermore, they suffered from confounding by indication and an overall high risk of bias. As a consequence, we are not able to provide recommendations or to draw firm conclusions because of the difficulties involved in interpreting the results of these observational studies (very low quality of evidence, GRADE - Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Despite indications from observational studies in favour of early catheter removal, we found no eligible RCTs or quasi-RCTs to support these practices and therefore could draw no firm conclusions. At this stage, RCTs have provided no evidence to support the benefit of early or late catheter removal for survival or other important outcomes among patients with candidaemia; no evidence with regards to assessment of harm or benefit with prompt central venous catheter removal and subsequent re-insertion of new catheters to continue treatment; and no evidence on optimal timing of insertion of a new central venous catheter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Janum
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalDepartment of Neuroanesthesiology and Neurointensive Care 2093Blegdamsvej 9CopenhagenDenmark2100
| | - Arash Afshari
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University HospitalJuliane Marie Centre ‐ Anaesthesia and Surgical Clinic Department 4013CopenhagenDenmark
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Rieg S, Küpper MF. Infectious diseases consultations can make the difference: a brief review and a plea for more infectious diseases specialists in Germany. Infection 2016; 44:159-66. [PMID: 26908131 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-016-0883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Trained infectious diseases (ID) specialists are an integral part of inpatient and outpatient care in many countries, however, these specialized services are established only in selected tertiary care hospitals in Germany. This review summarises studies that addressed the impact of ID consultation services on patient care and outcome. Extensive data for a clinical benefit is available in the context of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), in which in-hospital or 30-day mortality was significantly reduced by 40-50 % in patients evaluated and treated in cooperation with ID consultants. This effect was associated with improved adherence to quality-of-care standards. Moreover, newer studies show a reduced length of hospital stay due to ID consultations, especially if patients are evaluated early in the course of their hospital stay. Of note, informal consultations do not seem to be equivalent to a formal ID consultation with bedside patient evaluation. Studies in other patient groups (solid organ transplant recipients or intensive care unit patients) or in the context of other infections (infective endocarditis, pneumonia, other bloodstream infections) also revealed positive effects of ID consultations. Higher rates of appropriate empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatments and de-escalation strategies due to successful pathogen identification were documented. These modifications resulted in lower treatment costs and decreased antimicrobial resistance development. Although there are methodological limitations in single studies, we consider the consistent and reproducible positive effects of ID consultations shown in studies in different countries and health care systems as convincing evidence for improved quality-of-care and treatment outcomes in patients with infectious diseases. Thus, we strongly recommend efforts to establish significantly more ID consultation services in hospitals in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Fabian Küpper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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[Impact of an infectious diseases consultation service on the quality of care and the survival of patients with infectious diseases]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR EVIDENZ FORTBILDUNG UND QUALITAET IM GESUNDHEITSWESEN 2015; 109:500-10. [PMID: 26593765 DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
While trained infectious diseases (ID) specialists are regularly involved in inpatient and outpatient care in the United States and Canada, these specialized services are only rarely established in Germany. This article aims to summarize the findings of numerous studies that investigated the impact of ID consultation services on patient care and outcome in patients suffering from infectious diseases. The strongest evidence for a clinical benefit is found in the context of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), where in-hospital- and day-30 mortality was significantly and consistently reduced by about 40% in patients that were evaluated and treated in cooperation with an ID physician. Furthermore, studies revealed that this effect was associated with an improved adherence to standards of care. Newer studies show a reduced length of hospital stay due to ID consultations, especially if patients are evaluated early in the course of their hospital stay. Of note, informal or curbside consultations do not seem to be equivalent to a formal ID consultation with bedside patient evaluation. Studies in other patient groups (solid organ transplant recipients or intensive care unit patients) or in the context of other infections (infective endocarditis, pneumonia, other bloodstream infections) also revealed positive effects of ID consultations. Higher rates of appropriate empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatments and de-escalation strategies due to successful pathogen identification were documented. These modifications resulted in lower treatment costs and decreased antimicrobial resistance development. Although there are methodological limitations in single studies, we consider the consistent and reproducible positive effects of ID consultations shown in studies in different countries and health care systems as convincing evidence for the improved quality of care and treatment outcomes in patients with infectious diseases. Thus, strong consideration should be given to establish ID consultation services in small and medium sized hospitals as well.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The echinocandin antifungals are recommended as initial therapy in hospitalized patients with candidemia. Contemporary usage rates and indication for use of echinocandins have not been studied in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate echinocandin usage patterns in community and academic teaching hospitals over time and to evaluate dose, duration of therapy and indications for use. METHODS This study used hospital pharmacy databases from academic and community hospitals to collect information on adult inpatients given systemic antifungal agents from 2008 to 2012. Patient medical information was also obtained from randomly selected patients given an echinocandin over the same time period. RESULTS Echinocandin use was determined for 4 academic and 34 community hospitals. A significant increase in echinocandin use was observed in academic and community hospitals during the time period (P < 0.001). Two hundred forty-two randomly selected patients receiving an echinocandin were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for echinocandin use did not change during the time period and included empiric therapy in a high-risk patient without subsequent mycologic confirmation from a normally sterile site (55%), systemic candidiasis (43%) and prophylactic (2%). Fifty-six percent of patients had at least 1 anatomic site of mycologic growth; most commonly urine only (14%), respiratory only (12%) or blood only (7%). In patients with candidemia, the hospital treatment course with an echinocandin averaged 8.4 ± 7.9 days (range, 1-35 days). CONCLUSIONS This study provides useful benchmark data on antifungal use and indications for use that could be used for antifungal stewardship program comparisons.
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Farmakiotis D, Kontoyiannis DP. Emerging issues with diagnosis and management of fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:1141-7. [PMID: 25655091 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are being increasingly recognized in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, and delayed diagnosis can lead to graft loss and death. Therefore, there is a low threshold for prophylaxis and early initiation of empiric antifungal treatment, in this patient population. Meanwhile, the increasing consumption of antifungals is associated with high cost, medication toxicities and the emergence of resistance in Candida species, all of which call for rational use of antifungal agents. The implementation of fungal biomarkers, molecular diagnostic methods and direct detection of volatile fungal metabolites in breath samples could lead to faster diagnosis, early appropriate treatment and improved clinical outcomes, but also aid in the de-escalation of antifungal treatment. Those novel diagnostic modalities need to be validated specifically in SOT recipients. Infectious diseases consultation can contribute to optimization of care through prompt initiation and appropriate modification of antifungal treatment, management of medication toxicities and drug-drug interactions, as well as source control. In this review, we conceptually summarize recent advances in the diagnosis and management of IFI in SOT recipients, and highlight the importance of early diagnostic tools and good stewardship of antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Farmakiotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Infectious Disease Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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Farmakiotis D, Kyvernitakis A, Tarrand JJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Early initiation of appropriate treatment is associated with increased survival in cancer patients with Candida glabrata fungaemia: a potential benefit from infectious disease consultation. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 21:79-86. [PMID: 25636931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In patients with malignancies, Candida glabrata is one of the most frequent non-albicans Candida clinical isolates. As antifungal resistance in C. glabrata is common, we investigated the relationship between early appropriate antifungal treatment, infectious disease (ID) consultation and mortality in a contemporary cohort of cancer patients with C. glabrata fungaemia. We included patients with at least one C. glabrata-positive blood culture and symptoms or signs of infection seen at the MD Anderson Cancer Center between March 2005 and September 2013. In vitro susceptibility to antifungals was defined according to the 2010 CLSI clinical breakpoints. One-hundred and forty-six episodes of candidaemia were studied. Thirty isolates (20.5%) had fluconazole MIC ≥ 64 mg/L and 15 (10.3%) were caspofungin-resistant. Early (within 48 h after blood culture collection) initiation of appropriate antifungal treatment (hazard ratio 0.374, p 0.003) and early ID consultation (hazard ratio 0.421, p 0.004) were associated with decreased mortality, after adjustment for significant confounders. Thirty-two of 58 patients (55.2%) followed by ID were on appropriate antifungals within 48 h, compared with 16/88 patients (18.2%) who were not followed by ID an ID specialist (p <0.001). The median time-to-reporting of blood culture positivity for yeast was 71 h. Delayed time-to-reporting was associated with increased 28-day all-cause mortality (log-rank p 0.023). The benefits from early initiation of appropriate antifungal treatment and ID consultation were more prominent in patients with non-catheter-related candidaemia. In conclusion, in cancer patients with C. glabrata fungaemia, early ID consultation may lead to timely initiation of appropriate treatment and improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Farmakiotis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA; Infectious Disease Section, Baylor College of Medicine Houston, TX, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A Kyvernitakis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA
| | - J J Tarrand
- Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - D P Kontoyiannis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX, USA.
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Moore SJ, O’Leary ST, Caldwell B, Knepper BC, Pawlowski SW, Burman WJ, Jenkins TC. Clinical characteristics and antibiotic utilization in pediatric patients hospitalized with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33:825-8. [PMID: 25222301 PMCID: PMC4166563 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hospitalizations for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI) in children are increasingly frequent, but little is known about antibiotic utilization. In adults, recent studies suggest substantial opportunity to reduce broad-spectrum antibiotic use and shorten therapy. We sought to determine whether similar opportunity exists in children. METHODS This was a planned secondary analysis of a pediatric cohort taken from a multicenter, retrospective cohort of patients hospitalized for ABSSSI between June 1, 2010, and May 31, 2012. The prespecified primary endpoint was a composite of 2 prescribing practices: (1) use of antibiotics with broad Gram-negative activity or (2) treatment duration >10 days. RESULTS One-hundred and two patients ≤ 18 years old were included: 43 had non-purulent cellulitis, 19 had wound infection or purulent cellulitis and 40 had cutaneous abscess. The median age was 5 years (range 45 days to 18 years). Clindamycin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic during hospitalization (67% of cases) and at discharge (66% of cases). The median duration of therapy was 11 days (interquartile range 10-12) and was similar for all 3 types of ABSSSI. The primary endpoint occurred in 67% of cases, including broad Gram-negative therapy in 25% and treatment duration >10 days in 61%. By multivariate logistic regression, admission through an emergency department and management by a medical (vs. surgical) service were independently associated with the primary endpoint. CONCLUSIONS Children hospitalized for ABSSSI are frequently exposed to antibiotics with broad Gram-negative activity or treated longer than 10 days suggesting opportunity to reduce antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jason Moore
- Department of Trauma and Critical Care Services, Vail Valley Medical Center, Vail, Colorado
| | - Sean T. O’Leary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Brooke Caldwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bryan C. Knepper
- Department of Patient Safety and Quality, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado
| | | | - William J. Burman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,Denver Public Health, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado,Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Timothy C. Jenkins
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado,Department of Medicine, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado,Division of Infectious Diseases, Denver Health, Denver, Colorado,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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Leroux S, Ullmann AJ. Management and diagnostic guidelines for fungal diseases in infectious diseases and clinical microbiology: critical appraisal. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 19:1115-21. [PMID: 24118188 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are life-threatening conditions that require rapid diagnostic and optimal management to mitigate their high morbidity and mortality rate. They are also associated with a high economic burden, owing to prolonged hospitalization, the need for intensive supportive care, and the consumption of costly new antifungal agents. To address these issues, several international organizations have proposed guidelines for the management of IFIs. The consistency and reliability of these guidelines have rarely been assessed. This article is a review of the differences between the recommendations of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the European Conference on Infection in Leukaemia, and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and will focus on targeted treatment and diagnostic procedures. Although the conclusions of the three groups of experts are in many points similar we outlined some important differences in the methodology and conclusions of ESCMID. The use of these guidelines has the potential to enhance the management of fungal infections but is probably currently suboptimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Leroux
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Universitätsklinikum, Julius Maximilian's University, Würzburg, Germany
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Valerio M, Rodriguez-Gonzalez CG, Munoz P, Caliz B, Sanjurjo M, Bouza E, Anaya F, Banares R, Bouza E, Bustinza A, Caliz B, Escribano P, Fernandez-Cruz A, Fernandez-Quero J, Frias I, Gayoso J, Gijon P, Guinea J, Hortal J, Martinez MC, Marquez I, Menarguez MC, Munoz P, Navarro M, Padilla B, Palomo J, Pelaez T, Peral J, Pinilla B, Rincon D, Rodriguez CG, Rodriguez M, Salcedo M, Sanchez-Somolinos M, Sanjurjo M, Valerio M, Verde E, Vilalta E, Zamora E. Evaluation of antifungal use in a tertiary care institution: antifungal stewardship urgently needed. J Antimicrob Chemother 2014; 69:1993-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dku053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Improving the management of candidemia through antimicrobial stewardship interventions. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 78:157-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hicheri Y, Toma A, Maury S, Pautas C, Mallek-Kaci H, Cordonnier C. Updated guidelines for managing fungal diseases in hematology patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:1049-60. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Traditional utilization of infectious diseases consultants by oncologists ranges from inpatient management of a variety of acute infectious syndromes to management of ambulatory patients with acute or chronic infections; however, there is a paucity of data to evaluate in which circumstances the impact of infectious diseases input may be most valuable. RECENT FINDINGS Data derived from the general population of patients emphasize the value of infectious diseases consultation in specific infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, candidemia, and hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, infectious diseases involvement has been associated with greater adherence to guidelines (up to 34% increase), more appropriate antibiotic utilization (up to 52% increase in appropriate duration), decreased cost and complications of care, and lower mortality (up to 17% decrease). Recent studies suggest that bedside, formal infectious diseases consultation is more optimal than informal interactions (e.g., e-mail, telephone, other). Furthermore, infectious diseases consultants play central roles in antibiotic stewardship, infection control, and quality improvement, particularly in oncology centers. SUMMARY Infectious diseases consultants contribute value in various inpatient and outpatient infections, decreasing mortality, cost, and complications.
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Ben-Ami R, Halaburda K, Klyasova G, Metan G, Torosian T, Akova M. A multidisciplinary team approach to the management of patients with suspected or diagnosed invasive fungal disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 68 Suppl 3:iii25-33. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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A 6-year antifungal stewardship programme in a teaching hospital. Infection 2013; 41:621-8. [PMID: 23463185 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the antifungal stewardship programme in our hospital and to assess its impact on total antifungal prescriptions and their cost, and on the process of care measures regarding the diagnostic and therapeutic management of invasive aspergillosis and candidaemia. METHODS We conducted a prospective observational study describing the multifaceted antifungal stewardship programme in place at our French teaching tertiary-care hospital since 2005. Several actions were implemented successively, including the systematic evaluation of all costly antifungal prescriptions (echinocandins, lipid formulations of amphotericin B, posaconazole and voriconazole). RESULTS A total of 636 antifungal prescriptions were discussed by the antifungal management team from 2005 to 2010 inclusive, mainly from the haematology department (72 %). In 344/636 cases (54 %), a piece of advice was fed back to the physician in charge of the patient, with an 88 % compliance rate. Optimal standard of care was achieved for galactomannan antigen testing, performance of chest computed tomography (CT) scan and voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring for invasive aspergillosis, with no combination therapies used since 2008. Regarding candidaemia, optimal standard of care was achieved for the timing of antifungal therapy, recommended first-line therapy, duration of therapy and the removal of central venous catheters. Total antifungal prescriptions (in defined daily doses, DDD) and their cost were contained between 2003 and 2010. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of an antifungal stewardship programme was feasible, sustainable and well accepted. We observed an improved quality of care for some process of care measures, and antifungal use and cost were contained in our hospital.
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Purisco SU, Martins MA, Szeszs MW, Castro e Silva DM, Pukinskas SR, Bonfietti LX, Baez AA, Melhem MS. Comparison of the broth microdilution (BMD) method of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute BMD method for non-Candida albicans and non-C. tropicalis bloodstream isolates from eleven. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:890-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2012.00838.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia U. Purisco
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Marilena A. Martins
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Maria W. Szeszs
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Dulcilena M. Castro e Silva
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Sandra R.B.S. Pukinskas
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Lucas X. Bonfietti
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Andres A. Baez
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Marcia S.C. Melhem
- Adolfo Lutz Institute; Coordination of Disease Control; Secretary of Health; Government of São Paulo State; São Paulo; Brazil
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Adherence to recommendations for the use of antifungal agents in a tertiary care hospital. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2506-13. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Rodríguez-Baño J, Paño-Pardo JR, Alvarez-Rocha L, Asensio Á, Calbo E, Cercenado E, Cisneros JM, Cobo J, Delgado O, Garnacho-Montero J, Grau S, Horcajada JP, Hornero A, Murillas-Angoiti J, Oliver A, Padilla B, Pasquau J, Pujol M, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, San Juan R, Sierra R. Programas de optimización de uso de antimicrobianos (PROA) en hospitales españoles: documento de consenso GEIH-SEIMC, SEFH y SEMPSPH. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2012; 30:22.e1-22.e23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rodríguez-Baño J, Paño-Pardo JR, Alvarez-Rocha L, Asensio Á, Calbo E, Cercenado E, Cisneros JM, Cobo J, Delgado O, Garnacho-Montero J, Grau S, Horcajada JP, Hornero A, Murillas-Angoiti J, Oliver A, Padilla B, Pasquau J, Pujol M, Ruiz-Garbajosa P, San Juan R, Sierra R. [Programs for optimizing the use of antibiotics (PROA) in Spanish hospitals: GEIH-SEIMC, SEFH and SEMPSPH consensus document]. FARMACIA HOSPITALARIA 2011; 36:33.e1-30. [PMID: 22137161 DOI: 10.1016/j.farma.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antimicrobial agents are unique drugs for several reasons. First, their efficacy is higher than other drugs in terms of reduction of morbidity and mortality. Also, antibiotics are the only group of drugs associated with ecological effects, because their administration may contribute to the emergence and spread of microbial resistance. Finally, they are used by almost all medical specialties. Appropriate use of antimicrobials is very complex because of the important advances in the management of infectious diseases and the spread of antibiotic resistance. Thus, the implementation of programs for optimizing the use of antibiotics in hospitals (called PROA in this document) is necessary. This consensus document defines the objectives of the PROA (namely, to improve the clinical results of patients with infections, to minimise the adverse events associated to the use of antimicrobials including the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance, and to ensure the use of the most cost-efficacious treatments), and provides recommendations for the implementation of these programs in Spanish hospitals. The key aspects of the recommendations are as follows. Multidisciplinary antibiotic teams should be formed, under the auspices of the Infection Committees. The PROA need to be considered as part of institutional programs and the strategic objectives of the hospital. The PROA should include specific objectives based on measurable indicators, and activities aimed at improving the use of antimicrobials, mainly through educational activities and interventions based more on training activities directed to prescribers than just on restrictive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez-Baño
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, España.
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Observational study of the epidemiology and outcomes of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bacteraemia treated with newer antimicrobial agents. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 139:1342-50. [PMID: 21073764 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268810002475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus bloodstream infections (VRE-BSI) are a growing problem with few clinical trials to guide therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of management and predictors of mortality for VRE-BSI at a tertiary-care centre from January 2005 to August 2008. Univariate and multivariable analyses examined the relationship of patient characteristics and antibiotic therapy with 30-day all-cause mortality. Rates of VRE-BSI increased from 0·06 to 0·17 infections/1000 patient-days (P=0·03). For 235 patients, 30-day mortality was 34·9%. Patients were primarily treated with linezolid (44·2%) or daptomycin (36·5%). Factors associated with mortality were haemodialysis [odds ratio (OR) 3·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·6-6·3, P=0·007], mechanical ventilation (OR 3·7, 95% CI 1·3-10·4, P=0·01), and malnutrition (OR 2·0, 95% CI 1·0-4·0, P=0·046). Use of linezolid, but not daptomycin (P=0·052) showed a trend towards an association with survival. In conclusion, VRE-BSI is a growing problem, associated with significant 30-day mortality. Multiple factors were associated with poor outcomes at our hospital.
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Vidigal PG, Svidzinski TIE. The Hidden Threats of Candida spp.to the Respiratory Tract. Lab Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1309/lmdik2j2rno1ejxw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
The incidence of invasive mycoses is increasing, especially among patients who are immunocompromised or hospitalized with serious underlying diseases. Such infections may be broken into two broad categories: opportunistic and endemic. The most important agents of the opportunistic mycoses are Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and Aspergillus spp. (although the list of potential pathogens is ever expanding); while the most commonly encountered endemic mycoses are due to Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis/posadasii, and Blastomyces dermatitidis. This review discusses the epidemiologic profiles of these invasive mycoses in North America, as well as risk factors for infection, and the pathogens' antifungal susceptibility.
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Laudenbach JM, Epstein JB. Treatment strategies for oropharyngeal candidiasis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 10:1413-21. [PMID: 19505211 DOI: 10.1517/14656560902952854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is a common oral disease that may cause oral symptoms, lead to regional infection (e.g., esophageal candidiasis) and increase the risk of systemic fungal infection in the compromised host. OBJECTIVE Critical review of the literature of prevention and therapy. METHODS The literature was reviewed using PubMed, and specific keywords from the MeSH Database were used. RESULTS/CONCLUSION Management of OPC requires that the underlying risk factors of infection be diagnosed and managed whenever possible. Antimicrobials may be provided as topical or systemic therapy. Topical therapies may provide effective management for candidiasis in the non-compromised host and increase the control of colonization in the compromised host. Advances in prevention and management include new agents and improved mechanisms of topical drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel M Laudenbach
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, 801 South Paulina Street (MC 838), Rm 554A, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
Candida spp. are currently the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections in US hospitals, and the third most common cause of bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit. Over the last 2 decades there has been a shift towards a greater involvement of non-Candida albicans spp. as the cause of candidemia. Several of these non-albicans spp. (e.g., C. glabrata and C. krusei ) exhibit resistance to traditional triazole antifungals like fluconazole, and cross-resistance with newer triazoles, focusing attention on the first-line use of antifungals such as the echinocandins, which possess improved activity against fluconazole-resistant strains. Recent treatment guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommend an echinocandin as primary therapy for nonneutropenic or neutropenic patients with moderately severe to severe candidiasis and for patients at risk for infection with a triazole-resistant strain. However, further improvement in candidemia-associated mortality will only be attainable with the development and validation of new diagnostic tools that will allow earlier detection, discrimination, and treatment of invasive candidiasis. Clinicians should remain vigilant to wider emergence of Candida spp. with echinocandin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell E Lewis
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Administration, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, TX, USA.
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Association of fluconazole pharmacodynamics with mortality in patients with candidemia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:3022-8. [PMID: 18591269 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00116-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of nonneutropenic patients with candidemia or candidiasis suggest that fluconazole pharmacodynamic parameters correlate with clinical outcomes; however, additional data of correlation to mortality in patients with candidemia would be valuable. We assessed the impact of MICs for Candida, fluconazole pharmacodynamics, and patient characteristics on all-cause mortality with use of a prospective cohort of 96 hospitalized patients with candidemia. Among 84 patients for whom Candida isolates were available for testing, the most frequent Candida species isolated were Candida albicans (44%), followed by Candida parapsilosis (20.2%), and Candida glabrata (20.2%). Fluconazole resistance (MIC of >or=64 microg/ml) was present in 7 (8.3%) to 10 (11.9%) of 84 isolates, depending on the MIC endpoint determination method (50% or 80% inhibition read at 24 or 48 h). Overall mortality occurred in 27 (28.1%) of 96 patients, and nonsurvivors were more likely to have fluconazole-resistant isolates (25% versus 6.7%; P = 0.02). Multivariable analysis demonstrated an association between fluconazole resistance and mortality, but it did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.8 to 33.4; P = 0.08). By pharmacodynamic analysis, a fluconazole area under the concentration-time curve/MIC of <11.5 or MIC of >or=64 was associated with increased patient mortality (P <or= 0.09). These data support previous findings of an antifungal exposure-response relationship to mortality in patients with candidemia. In addition, similar MICs were obtained using a 24- or 48-h MIC endpoint determination, thus providing the opportunity to assess earlier the impact of isolate susceptibility on therapy.
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Horn D, Neofytos D, Fishman J, Steinbach W, Anaisie E, Marr KA, Pfaller M, Olyaei A. Use of the PATH Alliance database to measure adherence to IDSA guidelines for the therapy of candidemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26:907-14. [PMID: 17899230 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-007-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Candidemia is an increasing complication of the care of complex patients. Adherence to Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines for the treatment of candidemia was investigated to assess the impact of compliance on outcomes of therapy. Data on the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of patients with invasive fungal infections (IFIs) was extracted from the PATH Alliance registry, a prospective, multicenter, observational database of invasive fungal infections. Patients with proven candidemia were evaluated for adherence to the IDSA guidelines in terms of choice, dosage, and duration of antifungal therapy. Removal of central venous catheters and time to treatment initiation were assessed. Four-week survival data were compared. Of the 418 patients with candidemia who were included in the study, 361 patients with the necessary data sets were identified, of whom 262 (72.6%) were treated within the IDSA guidelines for the treatment of candidemia (IDSA group); the remaining 99 (27.4%) patients received treatment different from the guidelines (non-IDSA group). Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis for patients in the IDSA and non-IDSA group showed mortality rates of 21.9 and 13.6%, respectively; the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.093). Following the exclusion of patients requiring mechanical ventilation or acute cardiac support, the modified survival KM curves were similar between the two groups. Significantly more patients in the IDSA group required mechanical ventilation and tunneled central catheters, had a concomitant IFI, and received caspofungin. The duration of treatment and inappropriate dosing did not appear to have had a significant impact on survival. Most of the deviations from IDSA guidelines were due to the inappropriate duration and dosing of therapy. No significant difference in mortality was noted between the IDSA and non-IDSA groups. The basis of these differences merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Horn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 211 South 9th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Compliance With Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Ophthalmologic Evaluation of Patients With Candidemia. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2007. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0b013e318059b95f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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