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Miranda Calderon L, Alejo T, Santos S, Mendoza G, Irusta S, Arruebo M. Antibody-Functionalized Polymer Nanoparticles for Targeted Antibiotic Delivery in Models of Pathogenic Bacteria Infecting Human Macrophages. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:40213-40227. [PMID: 37596966 PMCID: PMC10877563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of antibody-functionalized poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), prepared by nanoprecipitation, carrying rifampicin (RIF) against planktonic, sessile, and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is reported here. A biotinylated anti-S. aureus polyclonal antibody, which binds to structural antigens of the whole bacterium, was functionalized on the surface of RIF-loaded PLGA-based NPs by using the high-affinity avidin-biotin complex. This general strategy allows the binding of commercially available biotinylated antibodies. Coculture models of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and Escherichia coli S17 were used to demonstrate the preferential selectivity of the antibody-functionalized NPs against the Gram-positive bacterium only. At 0.2 μg/mL, complete S. aureus eradication was observed for the antibody-functionalized RIF-loaded NPs, whereas only a 5-log reduction was observed for the nontargeted RIF-loaded NPs. S. aureus is a commensal facultative pathogen having part of its live cycle intracellularly in both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. Those intracellular bacterial persisters, named small colony variants, have been postulated as reservoirs of relapsed episodes of infection and consequent treatment failure. At 0.5 μg/mL, the RIF-loaded NPs reduced in 2-log intracellular S. aureus-infecting human macrophages. The ability of those antibody-functionalized nanoparticles to prevent biofilm formation or to reduce the bacterial burden in already-formed mature biofilms is also reported here using S. aureus and E. coli single and cocultured biofilms. In the prevention of S. aureus biofilm formation, the antibody-functionalized NPs exerted a superior inhibition of bacterial growth (up to 2 logs) compared to the nonfunctionalized ones. This study demonstrates the selectivity of the synthesized immunonanoparticles and their antimicrobial efficacy in different scenarios, including planktonic cultures, sessile conditions, and even against intracellular infective pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura
Gabriela Miranda Calderon
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio
I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Teresa Alejo
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio
I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Sabas Santos
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio
I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Gracia Mendoza
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials
and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Aragon
Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio
I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials
and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad
de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro-Edificio
I+D, C/ Poeta Mariano Esquillor S/N, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
- Networking
Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials
and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Aragon
Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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Clark LC, Atkin KE, Whelan F, Brentnall AS, Harris G, Towell AM, Turkenburg JP, Liu Y, Feizi T, Griffiths SC, Geoghegan JA, Potts JR. Staphylococcal Periscope proteins Aap, SasG, and Pls project noncanonical legume-like lectin adhesin domains from the bacterial surface. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102936. [PMID: 36702253 PMCID: PMC9999234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are frequently associated with medical device infections that involve establishment of a bacterial biofilm on the device surface. Staphylococcal surface proteins Aap, SasG, and Pls are members of the Periscope Protein class and have been implicated in biofilm formation and host colonization; they comprise a repetitive region ("B region") and an N-terminal host colonization domain within the "A region," predicted to be a lectin domain. Repetitive E-G5 domains (as found in Aap, SasG, and Pls) form elongated "stalks" that would vary in length with repeat number, resulting in projection of the N-terminal A domain variable distances from the bacterial cell surface. Here, we present the structures of the lectin domains within A regions of SasG, Aap, and Pls and a structure of the Aap lectin domain attached to contiguous E-G5 repeats, suggesting the lectin domains will sit at the tip of the variable length rod. We demonstrate that these isolated domains (Aap, SasG) are sufficient to bind to human host desquamated nasal epithelial cells. Previously, proteolytic cleavage or a deletion within the A domain had been reported to induce biofilm formation; the structures suggest a potential link between these observations. Intriguingly, while the Aap, SasG, and Pls lectin domains bind a metal ion, they lack the nonproline cis peptide bond thought to be key for carbohydrate binding by the lectin fold. This suggestion of noncanonical ligand binding should be a key consideration when investigating the host cell interactions of these bacterial surface proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Clark
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kate E Atkin
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Whelan
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | | | - Gemma Harris
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Aisling M Towell
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joan A Geoghegan
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer R Potts
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Tuon FF, Suss PH, Telles JP, Dantas LR, Borges NH, Ribeiro VST. Antimicrobial Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010087. [PMID: 36671287 PMCID: PMC9854895 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism frequently associated with implant-related infections, owing to its ability to produce biofilms. These infections are difficult to treat because antimicrobials must cross the biofilm to effectively inhibit bacterial growth. Although some antibiotics can penetrate the biofilm and reduce the bacterial load, it is important to understand that the results of routine sensitivity tests are not always valid for interpreting the activity of different drugs. In this review, a broad discussion on the genes involved in biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and antimicrobial activity in monotherapy and combination therapy is presented that should benefit researchers engaged in optimizing the treatment of infections associated with S. aureus biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Francisco Tuon
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-41-98852-1893
| | - Paula Hansen Suss
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Joao Paulo Telles
- AC Camargo Cancer Center, Infectious Diseases Department, São Paulo 01525-001, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia Ramos Dantas
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nícolas Henrique Borges
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Paraná, Brazil
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Belyi Y, Rybolovlev I, Polyakov N, Chernikova A, Tabakova I, Gintsburg A. Staphylococcus Aureus Surface Protein G is An Immunodominant Protein and a Possible Target in An Anti-Biofilm Drug Development. Open Microbiol J 2018; 12:94-106. [PMID: 29785216 PMCID: PMC5944129 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801812010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes severe illnesses in the human population. The capacity of S. aureus strains to form biofilms on biotic and abiotic surfaces creates serious problems for treatment of hospital infections and has stimulated efforts to develop new means of specific protection or immunotherapy. Material and Methods We found that rabbit serum raised against crude concentrated S. aureus liquid culture significantly decreased the development of staphylococcal biofilm in vitro. To discover the corresponding staphylococcal antigen, we used mass-spectrometry and molecular cloning and identified three major immunodominant proteins. They included α-haemolysin, serine proteinase SplB and S. aureus surface protein G, known as adhesin SasG. Results Although according to literature data, all these proteins represent virulence factors of S. aureus and play diverse and important roles in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal diseases, only SasG can be directly implicated into the biofilm formation because of its surface location on a staphylococcal cell. Indeed, rabbit serum directed against purified recombinant SasG, similar to serum against crude staphylococcal liquid culture, prevented the formation of a biofilm. Conclusion SasG can be considered as a target in an anti-biofilm drug development and a component of the vaccine or immunotherapeutic preparations directed against staphylococcal infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Belyi
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Rybolovlev
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikita Polyakov
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia.,Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina Tabakova
- Gamaleya Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia
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Gieseker CM, Crosby TC, Mayer TD, Bodeis SM, Stine CB. Development of Similar Broth Microdilution Methods to Determine the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2016; 28:27-38. [PMID: 26949840 DOI: 10.1080/08997659.2015.1105878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavobacterium columnare and F. psychrophilum are major fish pathogens that cause diseases that may require antimicrobial therapy. Choice of appropriate treatment is dependent upon determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. Therefore we optimized methods for broth microdilution testing of F. columnare and F. psychrophilum to facilitate standardizing an antimicrobial susceptibility test. We developed adaptations to make reproducible broth inoculums and confirmed the proper incubation time and media composition. We tested the stability of potential quality-control bacteria and compared test results between different operators. Log phase occurred at 48 h for F. columnare and 72-96 h for F. psychrophilum, confirming the test should be incubated at 28°C for approximately 48 h and at 18°C for approximately 96 h, respectively. The most consistent susceptibility results were achieved with plain, 4-g/L, dilute Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with dilute calcium and magnesium. Supplementing the broth with horse serum did not improve growth. The quality-control strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida ATCC 33658, yielded stable minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against all seven antimicrobials tested after 30 passes at 28°C and 15 passes at 18°C. In comparison tests, most MICs of the isolates agreed 100% within one drug dilution for ampicillin, florfenicol, and oxytetracycline. The agreement was lower with the ormetoprim-sulfdimethoxine combination, but there was at least 75% agreement for all but one isolate. These experiments have provided methods to help standardize antimicrobial susceptibility testing of these nutritionally fastidious aquatic bacteria. Received June 24, 2015; accepted October 2, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Gieseker
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research , 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel , Maryland 20708 , USA
| | - Tina C Crosby
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research , 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel , Maryland 20708 , USA
| | - Tamara D Mayer
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research , 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel , Maryland 20708 , USA
- b Present address: Sirenas Marine Discovery , 3550 General Atomics Court, San Diego , California 92121 , USA
| | - Sonya M Bodeis
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research , 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel , Maryland 20708 , USA
| | - Cynthia B Stine
- a U.S. Food and Drug Administration , Center for Veterinary Medicine, Office of Research , 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel , Maryland 20708 , USA
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Pinto JB, Rossatto FCP, Martins PD, Frazzon APG. Genetic relationships and virulence factors in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw poultry in South Brazil. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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Reiter KC, Sant’Anna FH, d’Azevedo PA. Upregulation of icaA, atlE and aap genes by linezolid but not vancomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A biofilms. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:248-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Marks LR, Clementi EA, Hakansson AP. Sensitization of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin and other antibiotics in vitro and in vivo in the presence of HAMLET. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63158. [PMID: 23650551 PMCID: PMC3641093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) is a protein-lipid complex from human milk with both tumoricidal and bactericidal activities. HAMLET exerts a rather specific bactericidal activity against some respiratory pathogens, with highest activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae, but lacks activity against most other bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococci. Still, ion transport associated with death in S. pneumoniae is also detected to a lower degree in insensitive organisms. In this study we demonstrate that HAMLET acts as an antimicrobial adjuvant that can increase the activity of a broad spectrum of antibiotics (methicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and erythromycin) against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus, to a degree where they become sensitive to those same antibiotics, both in antimicrobial assays against planktonic and biofilm bacteria and in an in vivo model of nasopharyngeal colonization. We show that HAMLET exerts these effects specifically by dissipating the proton gradient and inducing a sodium-dependent calcium influx that partially depolarizes the plasma membrane, the same mechanism induced during pneumococcal death. These effects results in an increased cell associated binding and/or uptake of penicillin, gentamicin and vancomycin, especially in resistant stains. Finally, HAMLET inhibits the increased resistance of methicillin seen under antibiotic pressure and the bacteria do not become resistant to the adjuvant, which is a major advantageous feature of the molecule. These results highlight HAMLET as a novel antimicrobial adjuvant with the potential to increase the clinical usefulness of antibiotics against drug resistant strains of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R. Marks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily A. Clementi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Anders P. Hakansson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- The Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences. University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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A combined pharmacodynamic quantitative and qualitative model reveals the potent activity of daptomycin and delafloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 57:2726-37. [PMID: 23571532 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00181-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are associated with persistence of Staphylococcus aureus infections and therapeutic failures. Our aim was to set up a pharmacodynamic model comparing antibiotic activities against biofilms and examining in parallel their effects on viability and biofilm mass. Biofilms of S. aureus ATCC 25923 (methicillin-sensitive S. aureus [MSSA]) or ATCC 33591 (methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) were obtained by culture in 96-well plates for 6 h/24 h. Antibiotic activities were assessed after 24/48 h of exposure to concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 512 times the MIC. Biofilm mass and bacterial viability were quantified using crystal violet and the redox indicator resazurin. Biofilms stained with Live/Dead probes were observed by using confocal microscopy. Concentration-effect curves fitted sigmoidal regressions, with a 50% reduction toward both matrix and viability obtained at sub-MIC or low multiples of MICs against young biofilms for all antibiotics tested. Against mature biofilms, maximal efficacies and potencies were reduced, with none of the antibiotics being able to completely destroy the matrix. Delafloxacin and daptomycin were the most potent, reducing viability by more than 50% at clinically achievable concentrations against both strains, as well as reducing biofilm depth, as observed in confocal microscopy. Rifampin, tigecycline, and moxifloxacin were effective against mature MRSA biofilms, while oxacillin demonstrated activity against MSSA. Fusidic acid, vancomycin, and linezolid were less potent overall. Antibiotic activity depends on biofilm maturity and bacterial strain. The pharmacodynamic model developed allows ranking of antibiotics with respect to efficacy and potency at clinically achievable concentrations and highlights the potential utility of daptomycin and delafloxacin for the treatment of biofilm-related infections.
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