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Takegami N, Matsuda SI, Iizuka M, Yamaguchi-Takegami N, Toda T, Yoshizawa T. A Rare Case of Meningitis Caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus in an Immunocompetent Young Adult. Intern Med 2024; 63:323-326. [PMID: 37258163 PMCID: PMC10864060 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1785-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening condition that is mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitis. Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (Sgp) is also known to cause meningitis, its frequency is quite low, especially in adults. We herein report the first immunocompetent Japanese adult patient (20-year-old woman) with bacterial meningitis caused by Sgp. The patient showed dramatic improvement after antibiotic treatment. Although previous reports have described an association between Sgp infection and an immunosuppressive status, bowel and hepatobiliary diseases, or strongyloidiasis, our case did not demonstrate any of these conditions, suggesting that Sgp can cause meningitis even in young immunocompetent adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Takegami
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masaki Iizuka
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanaka Yamaguchi-Takegami
- Department of Neurology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Öberg J, Inghammar M, Nilson B. Improved identification of Streptococcus bovis-Streptococcus equinus-complex species and subspecies by MALDI-TOF MS using a novel library. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116045. [PMID: 37598592 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an in-house matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) library for improved identification of species and subspecies of the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus-complex (SBSEC). METHODS A total of 236 SBSEC isolates from blood stream infections and culture collections, determined by whole genome sequencing to subspecies level, were grown in brain heart infusion broth. Mass spectra were collected using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper system after ethanol-formic acid extraction. Main spectral profiles from 117 isolates were used to create the "SBSEC-CMRS library." The remaining 119 spectra were used for evaluation of Bruker MALDI Biotyper (MBT) Compass Library Revision K (2022) and the SBSEC-CMRS library. RESULTS The Bruker library correctly identified species and subspecies in 72 of 119 (61 %) isolates, while the SBSEC-CMRS library identified 116 of 119 (97 %), using a cutoff score of ≥2.0. CONCLUSIONS The SBSEC-CMRS library showed sufficient diagnostic accuracy, and can be implemented in clinical practice for SBSEC species and subspecies identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Öberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | - Malin Inghammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Section of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
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3
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Taylor JC, Kumar R, Xu J, Xu Y. A pathogenicity locus of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6291. [PMID: 37072463 PMCID: PMC10113328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) is known to be strongly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent functional studies further demonstrated that Sgg actively stimulates CRC cell proliferation and promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the Sgg factors important for the pro-proliferative and pro-tumor activities of Sgg remain unclear. Here, we identified a chromosomal locus in Sgg strain TX20005. Deletion of this locus significantly reduced Sgg adherence to CRC cells and abrogated the ability of Sgg to stimulate CRC cell proliferation. Thus, we designate this locus as the Sgg pathogenicity-associated region (SPAR). More importantly, we found that SPAR is important for Sgg pathogenicity in vivo. In a gut colonization model, mice exposed to the SPAR deletion mutant showed significantly reduced Sgg load in the colonic tissues and fecal materials, suggesting that SPAR contributes to the colonization capacity of Sgg. In a mouse model of CRC, deletion of SPAR abolished the ability of Sgg to promote the development of colon tumors growth. Taken together, these results highlight SPAR as a critical pathogenicity determinant of Sgg.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Culver Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
- IFF Health and Biosciences, Madison, USA
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, USA.
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4
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Pereira C, Nogueira F, Cunha Marques J, Ferreira JP, Almeida JS. Endocarditis by Streptococcus pasteurianus. Cureus 2023; 15:e34529. [PMID: 36879704 PMCID: PMC9984912 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of infective endocarditis is challenging because it has a variable clinical presentation and nonspecific symptoms and can present in different forms, especially when an unusual etiological agent is involved. We present the case of a female in her 70s admitted to the hospital with a medical history of bicytopenia, severe aortic stenosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. She had several consultations during which she presented with asthenia and general malaise. A septic screen test was performed that would determine that Streptococcus pasteurianus was present in a blood culture (BC), which was not valued. About three months later, she was hospitalized. In the first 24 hours of admission, the septic screen test was repeated and Streptococcus pasteurianus was isolated in BC. Splenic infarctions and transthoracic echocardiography suggested probable endocarditis, which was confirmed with transesophageal echocardiography. She underwent surgical intervention to remove the perivalvular abscess and replace the aortic prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Pereira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | - Fernando Nogueira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | - José Cunha Marques
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
| | | | - Jorge S Almeida
- Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, PRT.,Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, PRT
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5
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Corredoira J, Grau I, Garcia-Rodriguez JF, Romay E, Cuervo G, Berbel D, Ayuso B, García-Pais MJ, Rabuñal R, García-Garrote F, Alonso MP, Pallarés R. Species and biotypes of Streptococcus bovis causing infective endocarditis. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:215-220. [PMID: 36610830 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBEC) is a major cause of infective endocarditis (IE), although its incidence varies greatly depending on the geographical area. The characteristics of IE caused by Streptococcus gallolyticus susp. gallolyticus are well known; there are hardly any descriptions of IE caused by other species or biotypes. METHODS Retrospective cohort study, from 1990 to 2019, of all SBEC IE in adults in three Spanish hospitals, Lugo (LH), Barcelona (BH) and Ferrol (FH) where the population is mainly rural, urban and mixed, respectively. The incidence of IE was analyzed in 3 areas. Clinical characteristics of IE (277 cases, 258 biotyped) were compared according to SBEC species and biotypes. RESULTS There are significant differences between the incidence of SBEC IE in HL (27.9/106) vs. HF and HB (8.8 and 7,1, respectively, p<0.001). We found significant differences (SbI vs. SbII) in mean age (68.5 vs. 73 years; p<0.01), duration of symptoms before diagnosis (46.9±46.5 vs. 30.4±40.9 days; p<0.01), presence of comorbidities: 39.1% (78) vs. 54.2% (32; p<0.04), predisposing heart illness:62.3% (124) vs. 81.3% (48; p<0.006), particularly, prosthetic or intravascular devices IE: 24.6% (49) vs. 52.4% (31; p<0.001), bi-valve involvement:23.6% (47) vs. 11.8% (7; p<0.05) and heart failure: 24.6% (49) vs. 38.9% (23; p<0.03). There were no significant differences in embolic events, need for surgery or mortality. The association with CRC was high in both groups: 77.7% vs. 66.6%. CONCLUSIONS IE due to SBEC has geographical variations in incidence and different clinical characteristics among biotypes. The association with CRC was high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Corredoira
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Inma Grau
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Romay
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Cuervo
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damaris Berbel
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Ayuso
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Román Rabuñal
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Mª Pilar Alonso
- Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - Román Pallarés
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Bellvitge, Ciberes, Idibell, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
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Li J, Zhu Y, Yang L, Wang Z. Effect of gut microbiota in the colorectal cancer and potential target therapy. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:51. [PMID: 35749000 PMCID: PMC9232688 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic interaction between gut microbiota and the digestive tract is an important factor in maintaining the intestinal environment balance. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease involving the interaction between tumour cells and a large number of microorganisms. The microbiota is involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Several microbiota species have been studied, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis), Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium. Studies about the interaction between microbiota and CRC were retrieved from Embase, PubMed, Ovid and Web of Science up to 21 Oct 2021. This review expounded on the effect of microbiota on CRC, especially the dysregulation of bacteria and carcinogenicity. The methods of gut microbiota modifications representing novel prognostic markers and innovative therapeutic strategies were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchuan Li
- Gastrointestinal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Yuzhou Zhu
- Gastrointestinal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Lie Yang
- Gastrointestinal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
| | - Ziqiang Wang
- Gastrointestinal Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan China
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7
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Öberg J, Nilson B, Gilje P, Rasmussen M, Inghammar M. Bacteraemia and infective endocarditis with Streptococcus bovis-Streptococcus equinus-complex: a retrospective cohort study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2022; 54:760-765. [PMID: 35730935 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2089730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcus bovis/equinus complex (SBSEC) comprise several species and subspecies and is a common cause of infective endocarditis (IE). S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg gallolyticus) accounts for a majority of SBSEC IE, but the risk of IE for other subspecies is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the clinical presentation of bacteraemia, and proportion of patients with IE in bacteraemia with the most common subspecies. METHODS A retrospective cohort study of SBSEC-bacteraemia identified in clinical laboratory databases, in Skåne Region, Sweden, 2003-2018. Bacteraemia with Sg gallolyticus, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (Sg pasteurianus), S. lutetiensis and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius (Si infantarius) were included. Subspecies was identified by whole genome sequencing. Medical charts were reviewed according to a predetermined protocol, IE was defined by the criteria from European Society of Cardiology. RESULTS In total, 210 episodes of SBSEC-bacteraemia were included. Definite IE was identified in 28/210 (13%) episodes. Of these, 7/28 (25%) were prosthetic valve-IE, 1/28 (4%) related to a cardiovascular implantable electronic device and 10/28 (36%) required heart valve surgery. The proportions of IE among different subspecies were: Sg gallolyticus 17/52 (33%), Si infantarius 5/31 (16%), Sg pasteurianus 4/83 (5%) and S. lutetiensis 2/44 (5%) (p < 0.001). Sg pasteurianus and S. lutetiensis were more often associated with intra-abdominal- and polymicrobial infection. CONCLUSION The proportion of IE in SBSEC-bacteraemia varies substantially depending on subspecies. Echocardiography should always be considered in bacteraemia with Sg gallolyticus and Si infantarius, and can sometimes be omitted in bacteraemia with Sg pasteurianus and S. lutetiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Öberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Helsingborg Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Division of Medical Microbiology, Office for Medical Services, Lund University, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Gilje
- Department of Cardiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Inghammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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8
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Pugalenthi LS, Ahmad M, Reddy S, Barkhane Z, Elmadi J, Satish Kumar L. Malignancy and Endocarditis: Divulging Into the Intertwined Association. Cureus 2022; 14:e24089. [PMID: 35573527 PMCID: PMC9098766 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an immunosuppressive disorder with characteristic features of unchecked cell growth, invasion, and sometimes thromboembolism leading to multiple systemic sequelae, including infective endocarditis. This article has compiled some of the crucial mechanisms by which infective endocarditis occurs in cancer patients, its risk factors, and the existing treatment interventions. It has focused on the necessity of being aware that these multiple pathogeneses are involved in the development of infective endocarditis (IE) in cancer patients, which would help delineate the risk factors associated with the condition and help physicians screen better for specific red flags. Identifying these risk factors and patient-oriented therapy, targeting the necessary elements such as causative organism, patient immune status, type of cancer, choosing evidence-based treatment modalities, and to improve the outcome of the disease in an already exasperating condition called cancer.
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9
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Öberg J, Rasmussen M, Buchwald P, Nilson B, Inghammar M. Streptococcus bovis-bacteremia: subspecies distribution and association with colorectal cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Epidemiol Infect 2021; 150:e8. [PMID: 38751047 PMCID: PMC8753481 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268821002533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the incidence of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) bacteremia, distribution of the SBSEC subspecies, and their respective association with colorectal cancer (CRC). A population-based retrospective cohort study of all episodes of SBSEC-bacteremia from 2003 to 2018 in Skåne Region, Sweden. Subspecies was determined by whole-genome sequencing. Medical charts were reviewed. The association between subspecies and CRC were analysed using logistic regression. In total 266 episodes of SBSEC-bacteremia were identified and the average annual incidence was 2.0 per 100 000 inhabitants. Of the 236 isolates available for typing, the most common subspecies was S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus 88/236 (37%) followed by S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus 58/236 (25%). In order to determine the risk of cancer following bacteremia, an incidence cohort of 174 episodes without a prior diagnosis of CRC or metastasised cancer was followed for 560 person-years. CRC was found in 13/174 (7%), of which 9 (69%) had S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus-bacteremia. In contrast to other European studies, S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was the most common cause of SBSEC-bacteremia. CRC diagnosis after bacteremia was strongly associated with S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus-bacteremia. Identification of SBSEC subspecies can guide clinical decision-making regarding CRC work-up following bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Öberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund,Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund,Sweden
| | - Pamela Buchwald
- Department of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund, Section of Medical Microbiology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection Control and Prevention, Office for Medical Services, Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Inghammar
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section for Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund,Sweden
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10
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Kaiki Y, Kitagawa H, Tadera K, Taogoshi H, Ikeda M, Kano M, Harino T, Nomura T, Omori K, Shigemoto N, Takahashi S, Ohge H. Laboratory identification and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteremia: a retrospective, multicenter study in Hiroshima, Japan. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1192. [PMID: 34836500 PMCID: PMC8626886 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06880-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteremia due to the Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) is associated with specific diseases, such as colorectal cancer and infective endocarditis. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of SBSEC bacteremia and the accuracy of identification of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and phenotypic identification systems for SBSEC isolates. METHODS We analyzed patients with SBSEC bacteremia retrospectively between 2012 and 2019 at three hospitals in Japan. We re-identified each SBSEC isolate using sequencing superoxide dismutase (sodA) analysis, MALDI-TOF MS using the MALDI Biotyper, and phenotypic identification using the VITEK2. RESULTS During the study period, 39 patients with SBSEC bacteremia were identified. S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP, n = 29), S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGSG, n = 5), S. lutetiensis (SL, n = 4), and S. infantarius subsp. infantarius (n = 1) were identified using sodA sequencing analysis. Primary bacteremia (36%) was the most common cause of bacteremia, followed by infective endocarditis (26%) and biliary tract infections (23%). Colorectal cancer was associated significantly with SGSG bacteremia, while the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI Biotyper was significantly more accurate in identifying the SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level compared to the VITEK2 (92% vs. 67%, P = 0.010). In contrast, there were no significant differences in the rates of correct identification of the SBSEC isolates at the species level between the MALDI Biotyper and the VITEK2 (100% vs. 87%, P = 0.055). CONCLUSIONS Bacteremia with SGSG was associated with colorectal cancer, and the sources of bacteremia were similar in each SBSEC subspecies. The MALDI-TOF MS was significantly more accurate in identifying SBSEC isolates at the subspecies level than the phenotypic identification systems. The accurate identification of SBSEC isolates using the MALDI-TOF MS and phenotypic identification systems was sufficient at the species level, but it was insufficient at the subspecies level. Therefore, it may be reasonable for clinicians to perform echocardiographies and colonoscopies in all patients with SBSEC bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kaiki
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan. .,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Kayoko Tadera
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Section of Clinical Laboratory, Division of Clinical Support, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Taogoshi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ikeda
- Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Section of Clinical Research and Laboratory, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Kano
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshie Harino
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihito Nomura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keitaro Omori
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Norifumi Shigemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Translational Research Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ohge
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan.,Project Research Center for Nosocomial Infectious Diseases, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Özkan ER, Öztürk Hİ, Demirci T, Akın N. Detection of biofilm formation, virulence factor genes, antibiotic-resistance, adherence properties, and some beneficial properties of cheese origin S. infantarius, S. gallolyticus, and S. lutetiensis strains belonging to the S. bovis/S. equinus complex. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Corredoira J, Grau I, Garcia-Rodriguez JF, Romay E, Cuervo G, Berbel D, Ayuso B, García-Pais MJ, Rabuñal R, García-Garrote F, Alonso MP, Pallarés R. Species and biotypes of Streptococcus bovis causing infective endocarditis. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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13
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Qureshi NA, Bakhtiar SM, Faheem M, Shah M, Bari A, Mahmood HM, Sohaib M, Mothana RA, Ullah R, Jamal SB. Genome-Based Drug Target Identification in Human Pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus. Front Genet 2021; 12:564056. [PMID: 33841489 PMCID: PMC8027347 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.564056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolysticus (Sg) is an opportunistic Gram-positive, non-motile bacterium, which causes infective endocarditis, an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. As Sg has acquired resistance with the available antibiotics, therefore, there is a dire need to find new therapeutic targets and potent drugs to prevent and treat this disease. In the current study, an in silico approach is utilized to link genomic data of Sg species with its proteome to identify putative therapeutic targets. A total of 1,138 core proteins have been identified using pan genomic approach. Further, using subtractive proteomic analysis, a set of 18 proteins, essential for bacteria and non-homologous to host (human), is identified. Out of these 18 proteins, 12 cytoplasmic proteins were selected as potential drug targets. These selected proteins were subjected to molecular docking against drug-like compounds retrieved from ZINC database. Furthermore, the top docked compounds with lower binding energy were identified. In this work, we have identified novel drug and vaccine targets against Sg, of which some have already been reported and validated in other species. Owing to the experimental validation, we believe our methodology and result are significant contribution for drug/vaccine target identification against Sg-caused infective endocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Afzal Qureshi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Marriam Bakhtiar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mohibullah Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohaib
- Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramzi A Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Babar Jamal
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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14
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Glajzner P, Szewczyk EM, Szemraj M. Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33750514 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, earlier considered typically animal, currently have also been causing infections in humans. It is necessary to make clinicians aware of the emergence of new species that may cause the development of human diseases. There is an increasing frequency of isolation of streptococci such as S. suis, S. dysgalactiae, S. iniae and S. equi from people. Isolation of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteria has also been reported. The streptococcal species described in this review are gaining new properties and virulence factors by which they can thrive in new environments. It shows the potential of these bacteria to changes in the genome and the settlement of new hosts. Information is presented on clinical cases that concern streptococcus species belonging to the groups Bovis, Pyogenic and Suis. We also present the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria. The emerging resistance to β-lactams has been reported. In this review, the classification, clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of groups and species of streptococci considered as animal pathogens are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Glajzner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Eligia Maria Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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15
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Schwartz MC, Dantuluri K, Maxey T, Paolillo J. Ductal stent endocarditis resulting in a large aortic pseudoaneurysm. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 97:E826-E829. [PMID: 33665931 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An infant with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent neonatal ductal stenting and, 4 months later, developed ductal stent endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was described. The infection was associated with a moderate aortic pseudoaneurysm and the patient was treated with antibiotics as well as surgical aortic pseudoaneurysm repair. This novel and unusual complication of ductal stent placement warrants reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Schwartz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Keerti Dantuluri
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas Maxey
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph Paolillo
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute, Levine Children's Hospital, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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16
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Taylor JC, Gao X, Xu J, Holder M, Petrosino J, Kumar R, Liu W, Höök M, Mackenzie C, Hillhouse A, Brashear W, Nunez MP, Xu Y. A type VII secretion system of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus contributes to gut colonization and the development of colon tumors. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009182. [PMID: 33406160 PMCID: PMC7815207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with colorectal cancer (CRC) and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the molecular determinants involved in Sgg pathogenicity in the gut are unknown. Bacterial type VII secretion systems (T7SS) mediate pathogen interactions with their host and are important for virulence in pathogenic mycobacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. Through genome analysis, we identified a locus in Sgg strain TX20005 that encodes a putative type VII secretion system (designated as SggT7SST05). We showed that core genes within the SggT7SST05 locus are expressed in vitro and in the colon of mice. Western blot analysis showed that SggEsxA, a protein predicted to be a T7SS secretion substrate, is detected in the bacterial culture supernatant, indicating that this SggT7SST05 is functional. Deletion of SggT7SST05 (TX20005Δesx) resulted in impaired bacterial adherence to HT29 cells and abolished the ability of Sgg to stimulate HT29 cell proliferation. Analysis of bacterial culture supernatants suggest that SggT7SST05-secreted factors are responsible for the pro-proliferative activity of Sgg, whereas Sgg adherence to host cells requires both SggT7SST05-secreted and bacterial surface-associated factors. In a murine gut colonization model, TX20005Δesx showed significantly reduced colonization compared to the parent strain. Furthermore, in a mouse model of CRC, mice exposed to TX20005 had a significantly higher tumor burden compared to saline-treated mice, whereas those exposed to TX20005Δesx did not. Examination of the Sgg load in the colon in the CRC model suggests that SggT7SST05-mediated activities are directly involved in the promotion of colon tumors. Taken together, these results reveal SggT7SST05 as a previously unrecognized pathogenicity determinant for Sgg colonization of the colon and promotion of colon tumors. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death. The development of CRC can be strongly influenced by specific gut microbes. Understanding how gut microbes modulate CRC is critical to developing novel strategies to improve clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease. S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sgg) has a strong clinical association with CRC and actively promotes the development of colon tumors. However, the specific Sgg molecules that mediate its pro-tumor activity are unknown. Here we report the first characterization of a type VII secretion system (T7SS) in Sgg, designated as SggT7SST05. We further demonstrate that SggT7SST05-mediated activities are important for Sgg to colonize the colon and to promote the development of colon tumors. These findings reveal SggT7SST05 as a novel pathogenicity determinant of Sgg and provide a critical breakthrough in our efforts to understand how Sgg influences the development of CRC. Future investigations of the biological activities of specific effectors of SggT7SST05 will likely lead to the discovery of Sgg molecules that can be used as diagnostic markers and intervention targets aimed at mitigating the harmful effect of Sgg.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Culver Taylor
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xinsheng Gao
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Juan Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Holder
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Joseph Petrosino
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wen Liu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Magnus Höök
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M, Texas, United States of America
| | - Wesley Brashear
- Texas A&M Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Patricia Nunez
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yi Xu
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences of Technology, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, UT Health, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Chen WC, Lee PI, Lin HC, Chang LY, Lee TF, Chen JM, Hsueh PR. Clustering of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus bacteremia and meningitis in neonates. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:1078-1085. [PMID: 32768337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen in children, it can cause invasive infections among neonates and infants. Herein, we report bacteremia/meningitis caused by SGSP in three neonates and review the literature on bacteremia and/or meningitis caused by this organism. METHODS Three neonates, referred from an obstetrics clinic within a 2-month period, presented with invasive SGSP infections. The bacterial isolates were analyzed using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF, sequencing of 16S rRNA and sodA genes (encoding manganese dependent superoxide dismutase), and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of groESL gene. Molecular typing was performed to evaluate the genetic relatedness. RESULTS The median onset age of infection in the three neonates was 3 days (range 2-5 days). They were delivered through cesarean section in the same operation room under different doctors, and were cared for by different nurses. Patient A presented with bacteremia, patient B with bacteremia and meningitis, and patient C with meningitis. Four isolates were identified as SGSP and were susceptible to penicillin G, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. All patients were treated with ampicillin plus cefotaxime for 14 days, and no complications were observed. The molecular typing results suggested that all isolates belonged to a single clone, which indicated the possibility of an outbreak in the obstetrics clinic. CONCLUSION Infection by a rare pathogen such as SGSP in multiple patients belonging to a single healthcare unit indicates that detailed investigation and stringent infection control policy are necessary for preventing further outbreaks of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luan-Ying Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Fen Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Min Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Wang D, Zhu X, Tang X, Li H, Yizhen X, Chen D. Auxiliary antitumor effects of fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus by target on the gut microbiota. J Food Sci 2020; 85:1872-1890. [PMID: 32460371 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer represents a major disease burden worldwide. Despite continuous advances obtained in medical therapies recently, resistance to standard drugs and adverse effects still represent important causes of therapeutic failure. There is growing evidence that the gut microbiota can affect the response to chemo- and immunotherapeutic drugs by modulating efficacy and/or toxicity, and diet is the most important factor affecting the gut microbiota. In this study, we assessed the auxiliary antitumor effects of immunomodulatory fungal proteins from Hericium erinaceus (HEP) administered with the chemotherapy drug 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu), and we attempted to identify new potential prebiotic bacteria for auxiliary antitumor treatment. There were 1,455 proteins identified from H. erinaceus. In a xenografted mouse model of cancer, HEP with 5-Fu significantly suppressed tumor growth, inhibited inflammatory markers such as interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and regulated the expression of Akt, CCDN1, CKD4, FOXM1, MMP7, MYC, PPAR-α, and PPAR-γ. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that HEP ameliorated the dysbacteriosis induced by 5-Fu, as it inhibited certain aerobic and microaerobic bacteria including Parabacteroides, Flavobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, Anoxybacillus, Aggregatibacter, Comamonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Sporosarcina, Staphylococcus, Aerococcaceae, and Bilophila in the xenografted mice, and increase some probiotic bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Gemellales, Blautia, Sutterella, Anaerostipes, Roseburia, Lachnobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Desulfovibrio. This demonstrates that HEP could promote the antitumor efficacy of 5-Fu by improving the microbiota composition, the immune inflammatory response, and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.,Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xiaocui Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Hongye Li
- Academy of Life Sciences, Jinan Univ., Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Xie Yizhen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Diling Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
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19
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Mistiaen WP, Gebruers N. How to manage patients in whom malignancy and infective endocarditis are associated: a review. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2020; 54:70-76. [PMID: 32233824 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2019.1698762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially short-term lethal condition. An association with malignancy could complicate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. The questions to be answered are: (1) which type of malignancies are encountered; (2) how often has the association between malignancy and IE been described, and (3) what are thus far the diagnostic and treatment strategies for patients with both conditions. Methods. A literature search from 2010 to 2018 has been performed with the focus on IE and cancer/malignancy/neoplasm, as well as with risk factors for adverse outcome, when cancer was included in the analysis. Results. An association between digestive, respiratory and hematologic malignancy with IE has been observed in four large databases. The most important mechanisms for this association are a "port of entry" and immune suppression. Sixteen studies dealt with the effect of short and mid-term cancer on the outcome of surgery of IE in these patients. No uniform management strategy could be identified. It seems that a malignancy does not alter the short-term outcome for IE, although referral to a tertiary cardiac center and surgical treatment are less common for patients with known malignancy. Conclusions. Although there is an association between malignancy and IE, no treatment strategy has yet been developed for these patients. Short-term outcome of IE is unaltered by cancer. In most papers, the effect of cancer on mid-term survival is only significant in a univariate analysis, without being a predictor. The results indicate that cardiac surgery for IE should not be withheld in patients in whom a treatable malignancy has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm P Mistiaen
- Department of Healthcare Sciences and Wellbeing, Artesis-Plantijn University of Applied Sciences, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of rehabilitation sciences and physiotherapy (REVAKI - MOVANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nick Gebruers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of rehabilitation sciences and physiotherapy (REVAKI - MOVANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Multidisciplinary Edema Clinic, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
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20
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Li Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Wang L, Wang J, Zeng J, Yang J, Lu B. Microbiological and clinical characteristics of Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection in China. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:791. [PMID: 31500570 PMCID: PMC6734276 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections by Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP) is often underestimated. Herein, the epidemiological features and resistant characteristics of SGSP in mainland China are characterized to enable a better understanding of its role in clinical infections. METHODS In the present work, 45 SGSP isolates were collected from the samples of bloodstream, urine, aseptic body fluid, and fetal membrane/placenta from patients in 8 tertiary general hospitals of 6 cities/provinces in China from 2011 to 2017. The identification of all isolates was performed using traditional biochemical methods, 16S rRNA and gyrB sequencing, followed by the characterization of their antibiotic resistance profiling and involved genes. RESULTS Among 34 non-pregnancy-related patients, 4 (4/34,11.8%) patients had gastrointestinal cancer, 10 (10/34, 29.4%) patients had diabetes, and one patient had infective endocarditis. Moreover, 11 cases of pregnant women were associated with intrauterine infection (9/11, 81.2%) and urinary tract infection (1/11, 9.1%), respectively. Except one, all other SGSP isolates were correctly identified by the BD Phoenix automated system. We found that all SGSP isolates were phenotypically susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, meropenem, and vancomycin. Forty strains (40/45, 88.9%) were both erythromycin and clindamycin-resistant, belonging to the cMLSB phenotype, and the majority of them carried erm(B) gene (39/40, 97.5%). Although the cMLSB/erm(B) constituted the most frequently identified phenotype/genotype combination (25/40, 62.5%) among all erythromycin-resistant cMLSB isolates, erm(B)/erm(A), erm(B)/mef(A/E), and erm(B)/erm(T) was detected in 7, 4, and 3 isolates, respectively. Furthermore, 43 strains (43/45, 95.6%) were tetracycline-resistant, and out of these, 39 strains (39/45, 86.7%) carried tet(L), 27(27/45, 60.0%) strains carried tet(O), and 7 (7/45, 15.6%) strains carried tet(M), alone or combined, respectively. All erythromycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to tetracycline. CONCLUSIONS It is important to study and draw attention on SGSP, an underreported opportunistic pathogen targeting immunodeficient populations, notably elderly subjects, pregnant women and neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
| | - Xingchun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tai'an City Central Hospital (Tai'an), Shandong, 271016, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Chang Gung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Junrui Wang
- Department of clinical laboratory, Affiliated hospital of Inner Mongolia medical university, Hohhot, 010050, China
| | - Ji Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Pu Ai Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Junwen Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhengzhou children's hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Binghuai Lu
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, No 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Diseases, No 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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21
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Piva S, Pietra M, Serraino A, Merialdi G, Magarotto J, Giacometti F. First description of Streptococcus lutetiensis from a diseased cat. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:96-99. [PMID: 31063246 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes for the first time the isolation of Streptococcus lutetiensis in a cat with intestinal lymphoma. The Streptococcus bovis group has undergone significant taxonomic changes over the past two decades and, in 2002, Poyart et al. described two distinct novel species within the genus Streptococcus: Streptococcus lutetiensis and Streptococcus pasteurianus. The bovis group streptococci include commensal species and subspecies or opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals. The cat was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna for chronic diarrhoea associated with fresh blood. A diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma was advanced. S. lutetiensis was accidentally isolated from the faeces of the cat and identified through MALDI-TOF and 16s rRNA sequencing. The Kirby-Bauer test revealed that the isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, marbofloxacin and tetracycline. The detection of S. lutetiensis in cat faeces might suggest that it could be a normal inhabitant of cat intestinal tract or that it could be involved in the manifestation of intestinal diseases. Since bacteria belonging to the S. bovis group are considered emerging pathogens, additional research is required to evaluate the role of S. lutetiensis in cats and its role in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study the isolation of Streptococcus lutetiensis from a cat with intestinal lymphoma was described for the first time. An antimicrobial susceptibility test performed by means of the disc diffusion method revealed that the isolate was resistant to enrofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, marbofloxacin and tetracycline. Nowadays the ecological or pathogenetic role of S. lutetiensis in the gut of animals remains unclear but, even if its role as commensal bacterium was confirmed, the presence of multi-resistant S. lutetiensis in cat gut could favour the transmission of antimicrobial resistance to other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Serraino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Merialdi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna 'Bruno Ubertini', Brescia, Italy
| | | | - F Giacometti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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22
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Nagao H, Yamaguchi H, Ito Y, Kasai M. Infective Endocarditis Due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus with Pulmonary Vein Obstruction. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:192. [PMID: 30196352 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nagao
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, 1-6-7 Minatojimaminamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Kasai
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children's Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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23
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An Overview on Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Isolates: Identification to the Species/Subspecies Level and Antibiotic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030480. [PMID: 30678042 PMCID: PMC6386949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC), a non-enterococcal group D Streptococcus spp. complex, has been described as commensal bacteria in humans and animals, with a fecal carriage rate in humans varying from 5% to over 60%. Among streptococci, SBSEC isolates represent the most antibiotic-resistant species—with variable resistance rates reported for clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin—and might act as a reservoir of multiple acquired genes. Moreover, reduced susceptibility to penicillin and vancomycin associated with mobile genetic elements have also been detected, although rarely. Since the association of SBSEC bacteremia and colon lesions, infective endocarditis and hepatobiliary diseases has been established, particularly in elderly individuals, an accurate identification of SBSEC isolates to the species and subspecies level, as well as the evaluation of antibiotic resistance, are needed. In this paper, we reviewed the major methods used to identify SBSEC isolates and the antimicrobial resistance rates reported in the scientific literature among SBSEC species.
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25
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Abstract
The genus Streptococcus includes Gram-positive organisms shaped in cocci and organized in chains. They are commensals, pathogens, and opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Most Streptococcus species of veterinary relevance have a specific ecological niche, such as S. uberis, which is almost exclusively an environmental pathogen causing bovine mastitis. In contrast, S. suis can be considered as a true zoonotic pathogen, causing specific diseases in humans after contact with infected animals or derived food products. Finally, Streptococcus species such as S. agalactiae can be sporadically zoonotic, even though they are pathogens of both humans and animals independently. For clarification, a short taxonomical overview will be given here to highlight the diversity of streptococci that infect animals. Several families of antibiotics are used to treat animals for streptococcal infections. First-line treatments are penicillins (alone or in combination with aminoglycosides), macrolides and lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Because of the selecting role of antibiotics, resistance phenotypes have been reported in streptococci isolated from animals worldwide. Globally, the dynamic of resistance acquisition in streptococci is slower than what is experienced in Enterobacteriaceae, probably due to the much more limited horizontal spread of resistance genes. Nonetheless, transposons or integrative and conjugative elements can disseminate resistance determinants among streptococci. Besides providing key elements on the prevalence of resistance in streptococci from animals, this article will also largely consider the mechanisms and molecular epidemiology of the major types of resistance to antimicrobials encountered in the most important streptococcal species in veterinary medicine.
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Correlation between Streptococcus bovis bacteremia and density of cows in Galicia, northwest of Spain. Infection 2018; 47:399-407. [PMID: 30498902 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data on the epidemiology of infections caused by Streptococcus bovis (Sb). Some studies suggest that both residence in rural areas and contact with livestock could be potential risk factors. METHODS We performed a retrospective study for the period 2005-2016 of all cases of bacteremia caused by Sb in Galicia (a region in the northwest of Spain). The association between the incidence rate of Sb bacteremia and the number of cattle by province and district was analyzed. RESULTS 677 cases were included with a median age of 76 years, 69.3% males. The most frequent infections were endocarditis (234 cases, 34.5%), primary bacteremia (213 cases, 31.5%) and biliary infection (119 cases, 17.5%). In 252 patients, colon neoplasms were detected (37.2%). S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus was the predominant species (52.3%). Mortality was 15.5% (105 cases). The annual incidence rate was 20.2 cases/106 inhabitants and was correlated with the density of cattle (p < 0.001), but not with rurality. When comparing the two provinces with a strong predominance of rural population, but with important differences in the number of cattle, such as Orense and Lugo, with 6% and 47.7% of Galician cattle, respectively, the rates were very different: 15.8 and 43.6 cases/106, respectively, with an RR of 2.7 (95% CI, 2.08-3.71). Some districts of the province of Lugo had rates higher than 100 cases/106 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a significant correlation between the rates of Sb bacteremia and cattle density, suggesting a possible transmission of Sb from cows to people.
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Crispo M, Shivaprasad HL, Cooper GL, Bickford AA, Stoute ST. Streptococcosis in Commercial and Noncommercial Avian Species in California: 95 Cases (2000–2017). Avian Dis 2018; 62:152-162. [DOI: 10.1637/11765-103117-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Crispo
- University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory SystemTurlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | | | - George L. Cooper
- University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory SystemTurlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Arthur A. Bickford
- University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory SystemTurlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
| | - Simone T. Stoute
- University of California, Davis, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory SystemTurlock Branch, 1550 N. Soderquist Road, Turlock, CA 95380
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Jans C, Boleij A. The Road to Infection: Host-Microbe Interactions Defining the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus Complex Members. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:603. [PMID: 29692760 PMCID: PMC5902542 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex (SBSEC) comprises several species inhabiting the animal and human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). They match the pathobiont description, are potential zoonotic agents and technological organisms in fermented foods. SBSEC members are associated with multiple diseases in humans and animals including ruminal acidosis, infective endocarditis (IE) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, this review aims to re-evaluate adhesion and colonization abilities of SBSEC members of animal, human and food origin paired with genomic and functional host-microbe interaction data on their road from colonization to infection. SBSEC seem to be a marginal population during GIT symbiosis that can proliferate as opportunistic pathogens. Risk factors for human colonization are considered living in rural areas and animal-feces contact. Niche adaptation plays a pivotal role where Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (SGG) retained the ability to proliferate in various environments. Other SBSEC members have undergone genome reduction and niche-specific gene gain to yield important commensal, pathobiont and technological species. Selective colonization of CRC tissue is suggested for SGG, possibly related to increased adhesion to cancerous cell types featuring enhanced collagen IV accessibility. SGG can colonize, proliferate and may shape the tumor microenvironment to their benefit by tumor promotion upon initial neoplasia development. Bacteria cell surface structures including lipotheichoic acids, capsular polysaccharides and pilus loci (pil1, pil2, and pil3) govern adhesion. Only human blood-derived SGG contain complete pilus loci and other disease-associated surface proteins. Rumen or feces-derived SGG and other SBSEC members lack or harbor mutated pili. Pili also contribute to binding to fibrinogen upon invasion and translocation of cells from the GIT into the blood system, subsequent immune evasion, human contact system activation and collagen-I-binding on damaged heart valves. Only SGG carrying complete pilus loci seem to have highest IE potential in humans with significant links between SGG bacteremia/IE and underlying diseases including CRC. Other SBSEC host-microbe combinations might rely on currently unknown mechanisms. Comparative genome data of blood, commensal and food isolates are limited but required to elucidate the role of pili and other virulence factors, understand pathogenicity mechanisms, host specificity and estimate health risks for animals, humans and food alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Jans
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Boleij
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Species identification of Streptococcus bovis group isolates causing bacteremia: a comparison of two MALDI-TOF MS systems. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2017; 88:23-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gherardi G, Palmieri C, Marini E, Pompilio A, Crocetta V, Di Bonaventura G, Creti R, Facinelli B. Identification, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of the human emerging pathogen Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 86:329-335. [PMID: 27720207 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to retrospectively identify 22Streptococcus bovis clinical strains based on the new taxonomy, as well as to investigate their antibiotic-resistance and clonality. Strains were identified by Phoenix100 system, 16S rRNA sequencing, and two MALDI-TOF MS platforms (Bruker Biotyper, Vitek MS). Antibiotic resistance was determined both phenotypically and genotypically, and clonality was assessed by PFGE. Most of strains (63.6%) were isolated from urine, and diabetes was the most common underlying disease (31.8%). Phoenix100 system revealed all strains belonged to biotype II, and 16S rRNA sequencing identified all strains as S. gallolyticus subsp pasteurianus (SGSP). Although both MALDI-TOF MS systems correctly identified isolates to the species level, only Bruker Biotyper accurately identified to the subspecies level. Erythromycin-resistant strains (31.8%) were also clindamycin-resistant and positive for erm(B). Strains resistant to tetracycline (68.2%) were also resistant to erythromycin. PFGE showed high genetic variability identifying 17 different pulsotypes, most of which single.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Gherardi
- Department of Medicine, Campus Biomedico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Palmieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Pompilio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Crocetta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences; and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT); "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Creti
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Margherita 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruna Facinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Unit of Microbiology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10/A, 60123 Ancona, Italy
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Inducible Expression of both ermB and ermT Conferred High Macrolide Resistance in Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus Isolates in China. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101599. [PMID: 27669217 PMCID: PMC5085632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus is an under-recognized pathogen and zoonotic agent causing opportunistic infections in humans. Despite increasing recognition of this subspecies as a cause for human infectious diseases, limited information is known about its antibiotic resistance mechanism. In this study, we aim to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the high macrolide resistance of six S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus isolates from dead ducklings collected in several natural outbreaks in China during 2010–2013. All isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance including high macrolide resistance (MIC ≥ 1024 mg/L for erythromycin, and 512 mg/L for clarithromycin). Efflux-encoding mefA and mefE genes were not detectable in these isolates. The presence of 23S rRNA mutations in specific isolates did not significantly change macrolide MICs. No nucleotide substitutions were found in genes encoding ribosomal proteins L4 or L22. The ermB and ermT genes were found in the genomes of all isolates. These two genes were acquired independently in one highly virulent isolate AL101002, and clustered with Tn916 and IS1216, respectively. The expression of both ermB and ermT in all isolates was erythromycin inducible and yielded comparable macrolide MICs in all six isolates. Taken together, inducible expression of both ermB and ermT conferred high macrolide resistance in these S. gallolyticus subsp. pasterianus isolates. Our findings reveal new macrolide resistance features in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus by both ermB and ermT.
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