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Zhang L, Khoo CS, Koyyalamudi SR, Reddy N. Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides isolated from Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend and their structural characterization. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31672. [PMID: 38868030 PMCID: PMC11167292 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Amauroderma rugosum (Blume and T. Nees) Torrend is a traditionally well-known mushroom that is used for the treatment of cancer. In order to evaluate the pharmacological activities of A. rugosum polysaccharides, the mushroom powder was subjected to hot water extraction and pure polysaccharides (ARPs) were isolated by gel-filtration method. Three important APRs called ARP-1, ARP-2 and ARP-5 were identified with average molecular weights of 1494, 450, and 7 kDa respectively. Their antioxidant abilities were estimated by examining free radical scavenging potential against 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS●+), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH●), and hydroxyl radical. Immunomodulatory potentials of these ARPs were determined using murine macrophage cells. These polysaccharides exhibited high antioxidant abilities and stimulated mouse macrophages leading to the generation of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Excellent activities were displayed by ARP-1 and APR-2. Gas chromatography and spectroscopic (FT-IR and NMR) methods were employed in order to carry out their structural characterisation. The two high molecular weight ARPs (ARP-1 and ARP-2) displayed β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan backbone structure with branching of β-(1 → 6)-d-glucopyranosyl. These observations suggest high potential of ARPs for immunotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 100010, China
- Beijing Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Cheang Soo Khoo
- Wentworth Institute of Higher Education, 302-306 Elizabeth Street, Surry Hills, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Sundar Rao Koyyalamudi
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Narsimha Reddy
- School of Science, Parramatta Campus, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Chiba H, Manabe N, Naito J, Nishida N, Ohno N, Yamaguchi Y. A convenient assay for soluble Dectin-1 lectin domain binding to insoluble β-glucans. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109041. [PMID: 38262208 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
β-Glucan is a homopolymer with a backbone of β-1,3-linked glucose residues. The solubility and biological activity of β-glucan can be influenced by the length of the backbone and the length/interval of the β-1,6 branches. Dectin-1 is crucial in innate immunity through its binding to exogenous β-glucans. However, there are few quantitative binding affinities available and there is no comprehensive comparative analysis of the binding of Dectin-1 to insoluble β-glucans. Here, we have developed a simple binding assay for the interaction between Dectin-1 lectin domain (Dectin-1 CTLD) and insoluble β-glucans. We utilized the paramylon particle as a model of insoluble β-glucans. Dectin-1 CTLD bound to paramylon (particle size 3.1 μm) was separated from unbound Dectin-1 CTLD by centrifugation using a membrane filter (pore size 0.2 μm). The protein in the filtrate was quantified by SDS-PAGE and densitometry. The amount decreased in proportion to the amount of paramylon in the mixture. A control experiment using the Dectin-1 CTLD inactive mutant W221A showed that the mutant passes through the filter without binding paramylon. These results are evidence of site-specific binding of Dectin-1 CTLD to paramylon and demonstrate that the separation of paramylon-bound/unbound Dectin-1 CTLD is achievable through centrifugation using a filter. The assay was extended to other insoluble β-glucans including curdlan. Additionally, it can be utilized in competitive inhibition experiments with soluble short-chain β-glucans such as laminarin. The assay system allows for quantitative comparison of the affinities between insoluble and soluble β-glucans and Dectin-1 CTLD, and should be useful because of its low-tech convenience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanako Chiba
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Manabe
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junko Naito
- Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co., Ltd., 1-1-4 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan
| | - Norihisa Nishida
- Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co., Ltd., 1-1-4 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2241, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Division of Structural Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558, Japan.
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Kono H, Hara H, Iijima K, Fujita S, Kondo N, Hirabayashi K, Isono T, Ogata M. Preparation and characterization of carboxymethylated Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan and its in vitro antioxidant activity. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121357. [PMID: 37839833 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan (APG) has a high degree of β-(1 → 6)-glucosyl branching and a regular triple helical structure similar to that of schizophyllan. In this study, APG was carboxymethylated to different degrees of substitution (DS = 0.51, 1.0, and 2.0, denoted CMAPG 1-3, respectively) using a heterogeneous reaction. With increasing DS, the triple-helix structure drastically decreased and converted to a random coil structure in CMAPG 3. Further, aqueous solutions of CMAPG changed from pseudoplastic fluids to perfect Newtonian liquids with increasing DS, indicating that the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds had been cleaved by the substituents to form a random coil structure. In addition, APG and CMAPG solutions exhibited scavenging ability against hydroxyl, organic, and sulfate radicals. It was also found that the carboxymethylation of APG drastically enhanced the organic radical scavenging ability. On the basis of the relationship between the DS and radical scavenging ability of the CMAPG samples, we believe hydroxyl and organic radicals were preferably scavenged by the donation of hydrogen atoms from the glucose rings and the methylene moieties of the carboxymethyl groups, respectively. Considering the obtained results, CMAPG and APG are expected to have applications in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics as antioxidant polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Hara
- Bruker Japan K. K., Moriya-cho 3-9, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221 0022, Japan
| | - Kokoro Iijima
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fujita
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Itochu Sugar Co. Ltd, Tamatsuura 3, Hekinan, Aichi 447 8506, Japan; WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., 14-1 Nihonbashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103 8536, Japan
| | - Katsuki Hirabayashi
- Itochu Sugar Co. Ltd, Tamatsuura 3, Hekinan, Aichi 447 8506, Japan; WELLNEO SUGAR Co., Ltd., 14-1 Nihonbashi-Koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103 8536, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8628, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Faculty of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960 1296, Japan
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Bikmurzin R, Maršalka A, Kalėdienė L. Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Soluble and Insoluble β-Glucans Extracted from Candida lusitaniae. Molecules 2023; 28:8066. [PMID: 38138557 PMCID: PMC10745363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are widely known for their biological activities. However, the choice of extraction method can significantly influence their structural characteristics, thereby potentially impacting their biological functions. In this paper, three fractions of β-glucans were obtained from Candida lusitaniae yeast via alkali and hot-water extraction methods and were analyzed using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used as a nondestructive technique that preserves the structure of the analyzed molecules. The results suggest that differences in the β-glucan structure are affected by the choice of extraction method. The main difference occurred in the 82-92 ppm region with signal presence suggesting that β-glucans have a linear structure when hot-water-extracted, which is absent in alkali-extracted fractions resulting in the acquisition of β-glucans with an ordered, possibly helical structure. A hot-water extracted water-insoluble (HWN) fraction consists of linear β-1,3-glucans with other signals indicating the presence of β-1,6-linked side chains, chitin and small amounts of α-glucan impurities. For those that are alkali-extracted, alkali-insoluble (AN) and water-soluble (AWS) fractions are structurally similar and consist of an ordered β-1,3-glucan structure with β-1,6-linked side chains and a significant amount of α-glucan and chitin in both fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Bikmurzin
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Medical Technology and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Care, Vilniaus Kolegija/Higher Education Institution, Didlaukio Str. 45, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Maršalka
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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Vanin AP, Visentin EZ, Fontana RC, di Medeiros Leal MCB, de Avila E Silva S, Stokke BT, Carbonero ER, Camassola M. β-(1 → 3)(1 → 6)glucan from Schizophyllum commune 227E.32: High yield production via glucose/xylose co-metabolization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 320:121176. [PMID: 37659785 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
A co-metabolization of xylose and glucose by Schizophyllum commune 227E.32 wild mushroom for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production is presented. Cultivations performed with S. commune 227E.32 at different xylose concentrations demonstrated that the concentration of 50 g·L-1 of xylose achieved the highest EPS production, around 4.46 g·L-1. Scale-up in a stirred tank reactor (STR) was performed. 10 % inoculum showed the highest cost/benefit ratio regarding sugar conversion and EPS production (Y P/S = 0.90 g·g-1), achieving 1.82 g·L-1 of EPS. Isolation, purification, and characterization were conducted with EPS produced in flasks and STR. GC-MS analysis showed glucose as main monosaccharide constituents for both isolates. 13C NMR and HSQC-edited showed that both EPS isolated consisted of a β-D-Glcp (1 → 3) main chain, partially substituted at O-6 with nonreducing β-D-Glcp ends on every third residue, similar to β-D-glucan isolated from S. commune basidiomes known as schizophyllan (SPG). The Mw was determined by GPC to 1.5 × 106 Da (flasks) and 1.1 × 106 Da (STR). AFM topographs revealed a semi-flexible appearance of the β-D-glucan, consistent with the triple helical structures adopted by SPG and overall contour length consistent with a high molar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Vanin
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil.
| | - Esther Ziliotto Visentin
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Roselei Claudete Fontana
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Scheila de Avila E Silva
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bioinformatics Research Center, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Bjørn Torger Stokke
- Biophysics and Medical Technology, Department of Physics, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Marli Camassola
- Enzymes and Biomass Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil
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6
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Zhang B, Zhang Z, Lyu X, Zhao W. Structural characterization of a water-soluble and antimicrobial β-glucan secreted by Rhizobium pusense. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 134:318-325. [PMID: 35927129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a bacterium with the ability to extracellularly produce a water-soluble polysaccharide (with high molecular mass of 743 kDa) was obtained from saline soils. This strain named as ZB01 was identified as Rhizobium punsense by 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The monomer composition and structure of extracellular polysaccharides were investigated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography-pulsed amperometric detector, Fourier-transform infrared, methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the morphological characterization of extracellular polysaccharides was performed by scanning electron microscopy analysis. As a result, the polysaccharide is found to be a novel water-soluble type of glucan most likely consisting of repeating two β-d-Glcp-(1 → 3) and one α-d-Glcp-(1 → 3). Furthermore, it showed pronounced antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, suggesting it has the potential to be used as a natural antibacterial agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zhenna Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Lyu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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7
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Zavadinack M, de Lima Bellan D, da Rocha Bertage JL, da Silva Milhorini S, da Silva Trindade E, Simas FF, Sassaki GL, Cordeiro LMC, Iacomini M. An α-D-galactan and a β-D-glucan from the mushroom Amanita muscaria: Structural characterization and antitumor activity against melanoma. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 274:118647. [PMID: 34702466 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides α-D-galactan (GAL-Am) and β-D-glucan (GLC-Am) were obtained from Amanita muscaria fruiting bodies. They were purified using different methodologies, such as Fehling precipitation (for both fractions), freeze-thawing process and ultrafiltration (for GLC-Am). Results showed that the GAL-Am has (1 → 6)-linked Galp main chain branched at O-2 by terminal Galp units and has not been previously reported. Besides, GLC-Am has (1 → 3)-linked Glcp in the main chain, substituted at O-6 by (1 → 6)-linked β-Glcp units. Both are water-soluble, with 9.0 × 103 g/moL and 1.3 × 105 g/moL, respectively. GAL-Am and GLC-Am presented a selective proliferation reduction against B16-F10 melanoma cell line, not affecting non tumoral BALB/3T3 fibroblast cell line. Furthermore, both fractions reduced clonogenic capacity of melanoma cell line over an extended period of time. These results were obtained without modulations in B16-F10 cell adhesion, reinforcing the biological activities towards cell proliferation impairment and eliciting these polysaccharides as promising compounds to further exploration of their antimelanoma properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Zavadinack
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Lima Bellan
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | - Shayane da Silva Milhorini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | | | | | - Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Lucimara M C Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Marcello Iacomini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR CEP 81531-980, Brazil.
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Sumiya K, Matsunaga T, Tanaka M, Mochizuki S, Sakurai K. Oligo-DNA Stoichiometrically Binds β-1,3-Glucan with the Best Fit Length. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4823-4834. [PMID: 33186018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oligo-deoxyadenylic acid (dAX) forms a novel 1:2 triple-helix with β-1,3-d-glucan schizophyllan (SPG). We found that dAX meticulously selects the most suitable length of SPG to bind; for example, dA30 only complexes with a short SPG chain having 30, 60, or 90 main-chain glucoses, and they can be easily isolated with each other. This study demonstrated such a novel stoichiometric complex formation by using gel permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering and synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering. These oligo-DNA/polysaccharide complexes can be used as a tool for delivering therapeutic oligonucleotides to immunocytes that express the β-1,3-d-glucan receptors. The present study provides a robust platform technique to characterize them in terms of modern regulatory science of nanomedicines, which is requisite to transfer drug candidates into clinical trial. Our findings are important for characterizing these complexes as well as for providing a new insight into nucleotide and saccharide chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sumiya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsunaga
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Motoko Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Shinichi Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Kitakyushu, Hibikino, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan
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Kato T, Abe A, Miyadera A, Yamamoto K, Harada T, Ito H, Mizukoshi K, Igarashi T. Non-Destructive Quantification Method for Glucans Using Proton Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.67.430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Basso AMM, De Castro RJA, de Castro TB, Guimarães HI, Polez VLP, Carbonero ER, Pomin VH, Hoffmann C, Grossi-de-Sa MF, Tavares AH, Bocca AL. Immunomodulatory activity of β-glucan-containing exopolysaccharides from Auricularia auricular in phagocytes and mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Med Mycol 2020; 58:227-239. [PMID: 31095342 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Current antifungal drugs present poor effectiveness and there is no available vaccine for fungal infections. Thus, novel strategies to treat or prevent invasive mycosis, such as cryptococcosis, are highly desirable. One strategy is the use of immunomodulators of polysaccharide nature isolated from mushrooms. The purpose of the present work was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of β-(1,3)-glucan-containing exopolysaccharides (EPS) from the edible mushrooms Auricularia auricula in phagocytes and mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. EPS triggered macrophages and dendritic cell activation upon binding to Dectin-1, a pattern recognition receptor of the C-type lectin receptor family. Engagement of Dectin-1 culminated in pro-inflammatory cytokine production and cell maturation via its canonical Syk-dependent pathway signaling. Furthermore, upon EPS treatment, M2-like phenotype macrophages, known to support intracellular survival and replication of C. neoformans, repolarize to M1 macrophage pattern associated with enhanced production of the microbicidal molecule nitric oxide that results in efficient killing of C. neoformans. Treatment with EPS also upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding products associated with host protection against C. neoformans and Dectin-1 mediated signaling in macrophages. Finally, orally administrated β-glucan-containing EPS from A. auricular enhanced the survival of mice infected with C. neoformans. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that EPS from A. auricula exert immunostimulatory activity in phagocytes and induce host protection against C. neoformans, suggesting that polysaccharides from this mushroom may be promising as an adjuvant for vaccines or antifungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M Basso
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - R J A De Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - T B de Castro
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - H I Guimarães
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - V L P Polez
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil
| | - E R Carbonero
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Catalão, GO, Brazil
| | - V H Pomin
- Program of Glicobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University Federal of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, the University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA
| | - C Hoffmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M F Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, Brazil.,Graduated Program in Genomic Science and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - A H Tavares
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - A L Bocca
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, UnB, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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11
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Kono H, Kondo N, Isono T, Ogata M, Hirabayashi K. Solid-state relaxation NMR dataset for a water-soluble β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans and schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune. Data Brief 2020; 28:104993. [PMID: 31890824 PMCID: PMC6933183 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation dataset for a triple helix and a random structure of water-soluble Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1→3, 1→6)-d-glucan (APG) and those of schizophyllan from Schizophyllum commune (SPG), obtained by the Bruker BioSpin 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. These data include solid-state proton spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρH) and 13C spin-lattice relaxation (T1C) of these two β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucans, which are related to the subject of article in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, entitled “Characterization of the secondary structure and order–disorder transition of a β-(1→3, 1→6)-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans” [1]. Data can help to investigate the structural characterization of the structural polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Itochu Sugar Co. Ltd, Tamatsuura 3, Hekinan, Aichi 447 8506, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8628, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Nagao 30, Iwaki, Fukushima 970 8034, Japan
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Kono H, Kondo N, Isono T, Ogata M, Hirabayashi K. Characterization of the secondary structure and order-disorder transition of a β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan from Aureobasidium pullulans. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 154:1382-1391. [PMID: 31733241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study revealed the secondary structures of the water-soluble Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-d-glucan (APG) whose primary structural unit is a β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan backbone with four β-(1 → 6)-d-glucosyl branching units every six residues. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments involving samples prepared from lyophilized APG showed that APG forms a triple helix in H2O and a random structure in DMSO. In addition, it was revealed that the transformation from the triple helix of APG to the random structure occurs reversibly, and that the triple helix is recovered from the random structure in DMSO/H2O mixtures containing more than 30% H2O. Solid-state NMR and diffraction studies revealed that the triple helix of APG is more stable than that of schizophyllan (SPG) whose structure comprises a β-(1 → 3)-d-glucan backbone with one β-(1 → 6)-d-branching unit every three residues. The APG helical pitch is 1.82 nm, which is about 10% longer than that of the triple helix of SPG. These findings show that the β-(1 → 6) side-chain frequency strongly affects the stability and helical pitch of a β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-d-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Nishikioka 443, Tomakomai, Hokkaido 059 1275, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiro Kondo
- Itochu Sugar Co. Ltd, Tamatsuura 3, Hekinan, Aichi 447 8506, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Biotechnology and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060 8628, Japan
| | - Makoto Ogata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Fukushima College, Nagao 30, Iwaki, Fukushima 970 8034, Japan
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