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Behere RV, Deshpande G, Bandyopadhyay SK, Yajnik C. Maternal vitamin B 12, folate during pregnancy and neurocognitive outcomes in young adults of the Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) prospective birth cohort: study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e046242. [PMID: 34551940 PMCID: PMC8461273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) hypothesis proposes that intrauterine and early life exposures significantly influence fetal development and risk for disease in later life. Evidence from prospective birth cohorts suggests a role for maternal B12 and folate in influencing neurocognitive outcomes in the offspring. In the Indian setting, B12 deficiency is common during the pregnancy while rates of folate deficiency are lower. The long-term influences of maternal nutrition during the pregnancy on adult neurocognitive outcomes have not been examined. The Pune Maternal Nutrition Study (PMNS) is a preconceptional birth cohort into its 24th year and is considered a unique resource to study the DOHaD hypothesis. We found an association between maternal B12 status in pregnancy and child's neurocognitive status at 9 years of age. We now plan to assess neurocognitive function and MRI measurements of brain structural-functional connectivity at young adult age to study its association with maternal nutritional exposures during the pregnancy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS As part of ongoing prospective follow-up in young adults of the PMNS at the Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune India, the following measurements will be done: neurocognitive performance (Standardised Tests of Intelligence, Verbal and Visual Memory, Attention and Executive Functions), temperament (Adult Temperament Questionnaire), psychopathology (Brief Symptom Inventory and Clinical Interview on Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview 7.0). Brain MRI for structural T1, resting-state functional connectivity and diffusion tensor imaging will be performed on a subset of the cohort (selected based on exposure to a lower or higher maternal B12 status at 18 weeks of pregnancy). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study is approved by Institutional ethics committee of KEM Hospital Research Center, Pune. The results will be shared at national and international scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03096028.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
- Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Zink CF, Giegerich M, Prettyman GE, Carta KE, van Ginkel M, O’Rourke MP, Singh E, Fuchs EJ, Hendrix CW, Zimmerman E, Breakey J, Marzinke MA, Hummert P, Pillai JJ, Weinberger DR, Bigos KL. Nimodipine improves cortical efficiency during working memory in healthy subjects. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:372. [PMID: 33139710 PMCID: PMC7606375 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The L-type calcium channel gene, CACNA1C, is a validated risk gene for schizophrenia and the target of calcium channel blockers. Carriers of the risk-associated genotype (rs1006737 A allele) have increased frontal cortical activity during working memory and higher CACNA1C mRNA expression in the prefrontal cortex. The aim of this study was to determine how the brain-penetrant calcium channel blocker, nimodipine, changes brain activity during working memory and other cognitive and emotional processes. We conducted a double-blind randomized cross-over pharmacoMRI study of a single 60 mg dose of oral nimodipine solution and matching placebo in healthy men, prospectively genotyped for rs1006737. With performance unchanged, nimodipine significantly decreased frontal cortical activity by 39.1% and parietal cortical activity by 42.8% during the N-back task (2-back > 0-back contrast; PFWE < 0.05; n = 28). Higher peripheral nimodipine concentrations were correlated with a greater decrease in activation in the frontal cortex. Carriers of the risk-associated allele, A (n = 14), had a greater decrease in frontal cortical activation during working memory compared to non-risk allele carriers. No differences in brain activation were found between nimodipine and placebo for other tasks. Future studies should be conducted to test if the decreased cortical brain activity after nimodipine is associated with improved working memory performance in patients with schizophrenia, particularly those who carry the risk-associated genotype. Furthermore, changes in cortical activity during working memory may be a useful biomarker in future trials of L-type calcium channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F. Zink
- grid.417125.40000 0000 9558 9225Baltimore Research and Education Foundation, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Mellissa Giegerich
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,Veterans Administration, San Diego, CA United States
| | - Greer E. Prettyman
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA United States
| | - Kayla E. Carta
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Marcus van Ginkel
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Molly P. O’Rourke
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA United States
| | - Eesha Singh
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.267301.10000 0004 0386 9246College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN United States
| | - Edward J. Fuchs
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Craig W. Hendrix
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Eric Zimmerman
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Jennifer Breakey
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Mark A. Marzinke
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Pamela Hummert
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Jay J. Pillai
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Daniel R. Weinberger
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311The McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
| | - Kristin L. Bigos
- grid.429552.dLieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD United States
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Lanka P, Deshpande G. Combining Prospective Acquisition CorrEction (PACE) with retrospective correction to reduce motion artifacts in resting state fMRI data. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01341. [PMID: 31297966 PMCID: PMC6710196 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head movement in the scanner causes spurious signal changes in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal, confounding resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) estimates obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We examined the effectiveness of Prospective Acquisition CorrEction (PACE) in reducing motion artifacts in BOLD data. METHODS Using PACE-corrected RS-fMRI data obtained from 44 subjects and subdividing them into low- and high-motion cohorts, we investigated voxel-wise motion-BOLD relationships, the distance-dependent functional connectivity artifact and the correlation between head motion and connectivity metrics such as posterior cingulate seed-based connectivity and network degree centrality. RESULTS Our results indicate that, when PACE is used in combination with standard retrospective motion correction strategies, it provides two principal advantages over conventional echo-planar imaging (EPI) RS-fMRI data: (a) PACE was effective in eliminating significant negative motion-BOLD relationships, shown to be associated with signal dropouts caused by head motion, and (b) Censoring with a lower threshold (framewise displacement >0.5 mm) and a smaller window around the motion corrupted time point provided qualitatively equivalent reductions in the motion artifact with PACE when compared to a more conservative threshold of 0.2 mm required with conventional EPI data. CONCLUSIONS PACE when used in conjunction with retrospective motion correction methods including nuisance signal and motion parameter regression, and censoring, did prove effective in almost eliminating head motion artifacts, even with a lower censoring threshold. Use of a lower censoring threshold could provide substantial savings in data that would otherwise be lost to censoring. Three-dimensional PACE has negligible overhead in terms of scan time, sequence modifications or additional and hence presents an attractive option for head motion correction in high-throughput resting-state BOLD imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradyumna Lanka
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AU MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Gopikrishna Deshpande
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AU MRI Research Center, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Center for Health Ecology and Equity Research, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Auburn University and University of Alabama Birmingham, Alabama.,Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
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