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Saddala MS, Lennikov A, Mukwaya A, Yang X, Tang S, Huang H. Data mining and network analysis reveals C-X-C chemokine receptor type 5 is involved in the pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10783-10792. [PMID: 34243690 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1949391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies found that the C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) loss leads to retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) dysfunction and AMD pathogenesis. The current study aimed to characterize the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) structure of CXCR5 and analyze its interactions with AMD-related risk genes. The sequence alignments, homology model of CXCR5 and structural assessment analysis were performed. Data and text mining were then performed to identify AMD-related risk genes and their interaction with CXCR5 using statistical and mathematical algorithms. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that human CXCR5 was highly similar (85.4839%) to the rabbit. The least similarity (33.871%) was found to be in zebrafish compared to the other species. The CXCR5 model structural assessment and secondary structure analysis exhibited an excellent model. Network analysis revealed that IL10, TNF, ICAM1, CXCL1, CXCL8, APP, TLR4, SELL, C3, IL17A and CCR2 were the most connected genes CXCR5. These findings suggest that CXCR5 signaling may regulate the biological function of RPE and modulate AMD pathophysiology via GPCR signaling and interacting with identified AMD risk genes. In summary, the data presented here provide novel and crucial insights into the molecular mechanisms of CXCR5 involvement in AMD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sudhana Saddala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anton Lennikov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Mukwaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical, and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xu Yang
- Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shibo Tang
- Aier Eye Institute, Aier Eye Hospital Group, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri-Columbia, MO, USA
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Amit C, Sathe G, Shunmugam A, Athyala PK, Ghose V, Chitipothu S, Janakiraman N, Sundara R, Elchuri SV. Graphitic Carbon Nitride Causes Widespread Global Molecular Changes in Epithelial and Fibroblast Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9368-9380. [PMID: 33869917 PMCID: PMC8047657 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For scaffold and imaging applications, nanomaterials such as graphene and its derivatives have been widely used. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is among one such derivative of graphenes, which draws strong consideration due to its physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity. To use g-C3N4 for biological applications, such as molecular imaging or drug delivery, it must interact with the epithelium, cross the epithelial barrier, and then come in contact with the extracellular matrix of the fibroblast cells. Thus, it becomes essential to understand its molecular mechanism of action. Hence, in this study, to understand the molecular reprogramming associated with g-C3N4, global gene expression using DNA microarrays and proteomics using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and mass spectrometry were performed in epithelial and fibroblast cells, respectively. Our results showed that g-C3N4 can cross the epithelial barrier by regulating the adherens junction proteins. Further, using g-C3N4-PDMS scaffolds as a mimic of the extracellular matrix for fibroblast cells, the common signaling pathways were identified between the epithelium and fibroblast cells. These pathways include Wnt signaling, integrin signaling, TGF-β signaling, cadherin signaling, oxidative stress response, ubiquitin proteasome pathway, and EGF receptor signaling pathways. These altered signature pathways identified could play a prominent role in g-C3N4-mediated cellular interactions in both epithelial and fibroblast cells. Additionally, β catenin, EGFR, and MAP2K2 protein-protein interaction networks could play a prominent role in fibroblast cell proliferation. The findings could further our knowledge on g-C3N4-mediated alterations in cellular molecular signatures, enabling the potential use of these materials for biological applications such as molecular imaging and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatterjee Amit
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600006, India
| | - Gajanan Sathe
- Institute
of Bioinformatics, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
- Manipal
Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abinaya Shunmugam
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology,
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | | | - Vivek Ghose
- Institute
of Bioinformatics, Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, India
| | - Srujana Chitipothu
- Central
Research Instrumentation Facility, Core Lab, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600006, India
| | | | - Ramaprabhu Sundara
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology,
Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sailaja V. Elchuri
- Department
of Nanobiotechnology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600006, India
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Aishwarya S, Gunasekaran K, Margret AA. Computational gene expression profiling in the exploration of biomarkers, non-coding functional RNAs and drug perturbagens for COVID-19. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:3681-3696. [PMID: 33228475 PMCID: PMC7754930 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1850360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health crisis that is being endured with an increased alarm of transmission each day. Though the pandemic has activated innumerable research attention to decipher an antidote, fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms is necessary to halt the disease progression. The study focused on comparison of the COVID-19 infected lung tissue gene expression datasets -GSE155241 and GSE150316 with the GEO2R-limma package. The significant up- and downregulated genes were annotated. Further evaluation of the enriched pathways, transcription factors, kinases, noncoding RNAs and drug perturbations revealed the significant molecular mechanisms of the host response. The results revealed a surge in mitochondrial respiration, cytokines, neurodegenerative mechanisms and deprived oxygen, iron, copper, and glucose transport. Hijack of ubiquitination by SARS-CoV-2, hox gene differentiation, histone modification, and miRNA biogenesis were the notable molecular mechanisms inferred. Long non-coding RNAs such as C058791.1, TTTY15 and TPTEP1 were predicted to be efficient in regulating the disease mechanisms. Drugs-F-1566-0341, Digoxin, Proscillaridin and Linifanib that reverse the gene expression signatures were predicted from drug perturbations analysis. The binding efficiency and interaction of proscillaridin and digoxin as obtained from the molecular docking studies confirmed their therapeutic potential. Two overlapping upregulated genes MDH1, SGCE and one downregulated gene PFKFB3 were appraised as potential biomarkers candidates. The upregulation of PGM5, ISLR and ANK2 as measured from their expressions in normal lungs affirmed their possible prognostic biomarker competence. The study explored significant insights for better diagnosis, and therapeutic options for COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aishwarya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.,Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Gunasekaran
- Centre of Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Anita Margret
- Department of Biotechnology, Bishop Heber College, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
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