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Sharkey C, Long X, Al-Faouri R, Strand D, Olumi AF, Wang Z. Enhanced prostatic Esr1 + luminal epithelial cells in the absence of SRD5A2. J Pathol 2024; 263:300-314. [PMID: 38606616 PMCID: PMC11166526 DOI: 10.1002/path.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Steroid 5α reductase 2 (SRD5A2) converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and is crucial for prostatic development. 5α reductase inhibitors (5ARI) reduce prostate size in benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and ameliorate lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH. However, the mechanisms of 5ARI functioning are still not fully understood. Here, we used a Srd5a2-/- mouse model and employed single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the impact of SRD5A2 absence on prostate cellular heterogeneity. Significant alterations in luminal epithelial cell (LE) populations were observed, alongside an increased proportion and proliferative phenotype of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1)+ LE2 cells, following an SRD5A2-independent ESR1 differentiation trajectory. LE2 cells exhibited enhanced estrogen response gene signatures, suggesting an alternative pathway for prostate growth when SRD5A2 is absent. Human prostate biopsy analysis revealed an inverse correlation between the expressions of SRD5A2 and LE2 markers (ESR1/PKCα), and an inverse correlation between SRD5A2 and the clinical efficiency of 5ARI. These findings provide insights into 5ARI resistance mechanisms and potential alternative therapies for BPH-related lower urinary tract symptoms. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Sharkey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xingbo Long
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ra’ad Al-Faouri
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Aria F. Olumi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zongwei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li L, Cheng S, Yeh Y, Shi Y, Henderson N, Price D, Gu X, Yu X. The expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in developing, benign, and cancerous prostatic tissues. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1392085. [PMID: 38680860 PMCID: PMC11045992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1392085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer (PCa). However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. The expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in NEPCa remains unknown. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and bioinformatics analysis to examine the expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in mouse and human prostatic tissues. Results We found that PKM2 was the predominant isoform expressed throughout prostate development and PCa progression, with slightly reduced expression in murine NEPCa. PKM1 was mostly expressed in stromal cells but low-level PKM1 was also detected in prostate basal epithelial cells. Its expression was absent in the majority of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) specimens but present in a subset of NEPCa. Additionally, we evaluated the mRNA levels of ten PKM isoforms that express exon 9 (PKM1-like) or exon 10 (PKM2-like). Some of these isoforms showed notable expression levels in PCa cell lines and human PCa specimens. Discussion Our study characterized the expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in prostatic tissues including developing, benign, and cancerous prostate. These findings lay the groundwork for understanding the metabolic changes in different PCa subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yunshin Yeh
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nikayla Henderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Price
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Huang TH, Li WM, Ke HL, Li CC, Wu WJ, Yeh HC, Wang YC, Lee HY. The factors impacting on Gleason score upgrading in prostate cancer with initial low Gleason scores. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00175-X. [PMID: 38555188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to the discrepancy in between biopsy Gleason score (GS) and radical prostatectomy GS in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer. METHODS 341 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy from 2011/04 to 2020/12 were identified. 102 Patients with initial GS of six after biopsy were enrolled. Preoperative clinical variables and pathological variables were also obtained and assessed. The optimal cut-off points for significant continuous variables were identified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Upgrading was observed in 63 patients and non-upgrading in 39 patients. In the multiple variables assessed, smaller prostate volume (PV) (p value = 0.0007), prostate specific antigen density (PSAD) (p value = 0.0055), positive surgical margins (p value = 0.0062) and pathological perineural invasion (p value = 0.0038) were significant predictors of GS upgrading. To further explore preclinical variables, a cut-off value for PV (≤ 38 ml, p value = 0.0017) and PSAD (≥ 0.26 ng/ml2, p value = 0.0013) were identified to be associated with GS upgrading. CONCLUSIONS Smaller PV and elevated PSAD are associated with increased risk of GS upgrading, whereas lead-time bias is not. A cut-off value of PV < 38 ml and PSAD > 0.26 ng/ml2 were further identified to be associated with pathological GS upgrading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Heng Huang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, 833401, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, 90054, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jeng Wu
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80145, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Wang
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, 80756, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan.
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Erickson EN, Knight AK, Smith AK, Myatt L. Advancing understanding of maternal age: correlating epigenetic clocks in blood and myometrium. EPIGENETICS COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2. [PMID: 36052275 PMCID: PMC9432845 DOI: 10.1186/s43682-022-00010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background: Advanced maternal age is currently a term defined by chronological age. However, a group of biomarkers known as epigenetic clocks, which can predict morbidity and mortality, has been used to estimate measures of biological aging. Uterine myometrial function during the process of parturition may be influenced by aging, as labor dystocia, unplanned intrapartum cesarean birth, and postpartum hemorrhage are more common in older individuals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of epigenetic clocks in maternal myometrium and blood for predicting age and to evaluate the correlation of epigenetic age between the tissues. Results: We compared epigenetic age in blood and myometrial samples provided by women undergoing planned cesarean birth at term gestation. Chronological age ranged from 20 to 50 with a median (IQR) age of 35.5(8) years. The MethylationEPIC BeadChip was used to obtain DNA methylation data, and then epigenetic age was calculated using the Horvath, Hannum, GrimAge, and PhenoAge clocks. Spearman correlations of epigenetic age with chronological age were calculated. We tested the relationship of epigenetic age in maternal blood to epigenetic age in myometrium. Age acceleration, for each clock, was also correlated between tissues. Twenty-seven participants provided samples, and 21 matched specimens were included in the final analysis after quality control. Spearman correlation between maternal chronological age and epigenetic age were significant in three of the four clocks (pan-tissue Horvath, Hannum, and GrimAge), for both myometrium and blood samples. Correlations between blood epigenetic age and maternal age ranged from 0.72 to 0.87 (all p < 0.001). Correlations between myometrial epigenetic age and maternal age were also significant (0.62–0.70, p = 0.002), though lower than correlations seen in blood. Maternal blood epigenetic age also correlated with epigenetic age in myometrium with each of these three clocks 0.60 (p = 0.004, Horvath), 0.63 (p = 0.003, Hannum), and 0.80 (p < 0.001, GrimAge). GrimAge age acceleration had the highest correlation between tissues among the clocks (0.49, p = 0.02). Conclusions: Given the limited sample, this study provides insight into the potential use of epigenetic age derived from blood as a proxy for myometrial epigenetic age, which may be a useful biomarker in estimating myometrial biological age in relationship to myometrial dysfunction. GrimAge outperformed the other tested clocks in terms of concordance of epigenetic age and age acceleration between tissues; however, the Horvath and Hannum clocks may be useful depending on the outcome of interest in pregnancy.
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Cessna H, Baritaki S, Zaravinos A, Bonavida B. The Role of RKIP in the Regulation of EMT in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194596. [PMID: 36230521 PMCID: PMC9559516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Raf kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) expression in cancer cells is significantly reduced and promoting cancer cells growth and invasiveness. Overexpresssion of RKIP has been reported to mediate pleiotropic anti-cancer activities including the inhibition of survival signaling pathways, sensitization to cell death by cytotoxic drugs, inhibition of invasion, EMT and metastasis. The molecular mechanism by which RKIP inhibits EMT is not clear. In this review, we have examined how RKIP inhibits the selected EMT gene products (Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin alpha) and found that it involves signaling cross-talks between RKIP and each of the EMT gene products. These findings were validated by bioinformatic analyses demonstrating in various human cancers a negative correlation between the expression of RKIP and the expression of the EMT gene products. These findings suggest that targeting RKIP induction in cancer cells will result in multiple hits by inhibiting tumor growth, metastasis and reversal of chemo-immuno resistance. Abstract The Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) is a unique gene product that directly inhibits the Raf/Mek/Erk and NF-kB pathways in cancer cells and resulting in the inhibition of cell proliferation, viability, EMT, and metastasis. Additionally, RKIP is involved in the regulation of cancer cell resistance to both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The low expression of RKIP expression in many cancer types is responsible, in part, for the pathogenesis of cancer and its multiple properties. The inhibition of EMT and metastasis by RKIP led to its classification as a tumor suppressor. However, the mechanism by which RKIP mediates its inhibitory effects on EMT and metastases was not clear. We have proposed that one mechanism involves the negative regulation by RKIP of the expression of various gene products that mediate the mesenchymal phenotype as well as the positive regulation of gene products that mediate the epithelial phenotype via signaling cross talks between RKIP and each gene product. We examined several EMT mesenchymal gene products such as Snail, vimentin, N-cadherin, laminin and EPCAM and epithelial gene products such as E-cadherin and laminin. We have found that indeed these negative and positive correlations were detected in the signaling cross-talks. In addition, we have also examined bioinformatic data sets on different human cancers and the findings corroborated, in large part, the findings observed in the signaling cross-talks with few exceptions in some cancer types. The overall findings support the underlying mechanism by which the tumor suppressor RKIP regulates the expression of gene products involved in EMT and metastasis. Hence, the development of agent that can selectively induce RKIP expression in cancers with low expressions should result in the activation of the pleiotropic anti-cancer activities of RKIP and resulting in multiple effects including inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, EMT, metastasis and sensitization of resistant tumor cells to respond to both chemotherapeutics and immunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Cessna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stavroula Baritaki
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Division of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Benjamin Bonavida
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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Shi X, Jiang N, Mao J, Luo D, Liu Y. Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes for organ development and cell‐free therapy. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shi
- Center and School of Stomatology Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials Department of Orthodontics National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials Department of Orthodontics National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
- Central Laboratory National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jing Mao
- Center and School of Stomatology Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Dan Luo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro‐nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials Department of Orthodontics National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing P.R. China
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Venerin AA, Venerina YA, Alexandrov YI. Cell functioning in norm and pathology in terms of the activity paradigm: Oncogenesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110240. [PMID: 33254546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years many theories of carcinogenesis have been developed. Nowadays, there are two prevalent theories of carcinogenesis - two-hit hypothesis, which considers mutations as the main factor in malignization and tissue hypothesis, which considers tissue homeostasis disruption for providing cells transformation. Both of these theories explain cancer origin basing on principles of the reactivity paradigm. This paradigm emphasizes role of different stimuli in malignization. However, this approach does not provide us with sufficient support in progress towards either understanding of cancer origin or effective treatment strategies. In contrast to the reactivity paradigm, we intend to explain oncogenesis within the activity paradigm. Upon this approach, cells' activity is goal-directed and is determined by a future event - the adaptive result. The adaptive result is a proper interaction between the cell and its environment, which provides the cell with required metabolites. To achieve this result cells have to cooperate with each other and synchronize their needs. If cells fail to satisfy their metabolic 'needs' they have to reorganize their activity. This results in morpho-functional restructuring of cells. Summing up, we consider carcinogenesis to be a part of goal-directed adaptive activity of cells. Morphological and genetic atypia of cancer cells is a variant reorganization of cells' activity. Consequently, for better treatment, we should bring both transforming cells and their microenvironment to a novel cooperation and reorganization of their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Venerin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana A Venerina
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury I Alexandrov
- Shvyrkov's Lab, Neural Bases of Mind, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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Joseph DB, Chandrashekar AS, Abler LL, Chu LF, Thomson JA, Vezina CM. Epithelial DNA methyltransferase-1 regulates cell survival, growth and maturation in developing prostatic buds. Dev Biol 2019; 447:157-169. [PMID: 30659795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is required for embryogenesis but roles in late forming organ systems including the prostate, which emerges from the urethral epithelium, have not been fully examined. We used a targeted genetic approach involving a Shhcre recombinase to demonstrate requirement of epithelial DNA methyltransferase-1 (Dnmt1) in mouse prostate morphogenesis. Dnmt1 mutant urethral cells exhibit DNA hypomethylation, DNA damage, p53 accumulation and undergo cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Urethral epithelial cells are disorganized in Dnmt1 mutants, leading to impaired prostate growth and maturation and failed glandular development. We evaluated oriented cell division as a mechanism of bud elongation and widening by demonstrating that mitotic spindle axes typically form parallel or perpendicular to prostatic bud elongation axes. We then deployed a ShhcreERT allele to delete Dnmt1 from a subset of urethral epithelial cells, creating mosaic mutants with which to interrogate the requirement for cell division in specific prostatic bud epithelial populations. DNMT1- cell distribution within prostatic buds is not random as would be expected in a process where DNMT1 was not required. Instead, replication competent DNMT1 + cells primarily accumulate in prostatic bud margins and tips while replication impeded DNMT1- cells accumulate in prostatic bud cores. Together, these results highlight the role of DNMT1 in regulating epithelial bud formation by maintaining cell cycle progression and survival of rapidly dividing urethral epithelial cells, which can be extended to the study of other developing epithelial organs. In addition, our results show that prostatic buds consist of two epithelial cell populations with distinct molecular and functional characteristics that could potentially contribute to specialized lineages in the adult prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Anoop S Chandrashekar
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lisa L Abler
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Li-Fang Chu
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - James A Thomson
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53707-7365, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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9
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Sun S, Yang H. Tissue-Specific Localization NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in the Liver and Heart of Mouse Fetus. Dev Reprod 2018; 22:331-339. [PMID: 30680332 PMCID: PMC6344366 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2018.22.4.331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NUCB2/nesfatin-1 is first known to be expressed in the hypothalamus while controlling appetite and energy metabolism. However, recent studies have shown that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the various organs as well as the hypothalamus. Our previous reports also demonstrated that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 was expressed in the ovary, testis, pituitary gland, lung, kidney, and stomach of fetal and adult mice. However, the role of NUCB2/nesfatin-1 in mouse fetus remains unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether NUCB2/nestatin-1 is expressed in mouse fetus at the developmental stage in which organogenesis begins. To do this, we performed in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining to examine the distribution of NUCB2 mRNA and nesfatin-1 protein in the mouse fetal organs during early developmental stages, especially at embryonic day (E) 10.5. As a result of ISH, NUCB2 mRNA positive signals were more frequent in the liver, but there were relatively few positive signals in heart. On the other hand, no positive signals were detected in other organs. These ISH results were validated by IHC staining and qRT-PCR analysis. Expression of nesfatin-1 protein detected by IHC staining was similar to that of NUCB2 mRNA detected by ISH in the liver and heart. In addition, the levels of NUCB2 mRNA expression analyzed by qRT-PCR were significantly increased in the liver and heart compared to other organs of the mouse fetus at E13.5, whereas its level was extensively decreased in the liver, but increased in the lung, stomach, and kidney of the mouse fetus at E17.5. These results suggest that NUCB2/nesfatin-1 may play an important role in liver and heart development and physiological functions in the developmental process of mouse fetus. Further studies are needed on the function of NUCB2/nesfatin-1, which is highly expressed in the various organs, including liver and heart during mouse development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Sun
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Hyunwon Yang
- Dept. of Bioenvironmental Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Zhang Y, Zhu Z, Hua K, Yao L, Liu Y, Ding J. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in vaginal replacement in vitro and in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3762-3772. [PMID: 30662626 PMCID: PMC6291690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell transplantation strategies represent a potential therapeutic approach towards repair of congenital vaginal agenesis. In this study, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of treatment with human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) on vaginal regeneration was explored. UC-MSC transplantation alone, small intestinal submucosal (SIS) grafting alone, and a combination of UC-MSC transplantation/SIS grafting were performed with a vaginal defect rat model. Histological analyses of tissue sections were subsequently performed. UC-MSCs promoted the recovery of keratinizing squamous epithelium and papillae to nearly the same levels as in normal tissue. Of the treatments tested, UC-MSC transplantation showed optimal performance in inhibiting collagen deposition and accelerating the synthesis of elastin to maintain tissue elasticity. UC-MSC treatment also increased Cyclin D1, Ki67, and CD31 expression as assessed by immunohistochemistry. We also investigated the effects of UC-MSC secretions on keratinocytes in a co-culture model. UC-MSCs significantly stimulated vaginal tissue repair by promoting vaginal epithelium regeneration via paracrine factors but not by exploiting their keratinocyte differentiation potential. Further, UC-MSCs facilitated epithelial cell viability and promoted cell cycle progression via the AKT/GSK3β/Cyclin D1 pathway. These results indicate that UC-MSC transplantation is a feasible approach for vaginal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Zhongyi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Keqin Hua
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liangqing Yao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Alliancells Institute of Stem Cells and Translational Regenerative MedicineTianjin 300308, P. R. China
| | - Jingxin Ding
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Fudan UniversityShanghai, P. R. China
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11
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Dong J, Hu Y, Fan X, Wu X, Mao Y, Hu B, Guo H, Wen L, Tang F. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis unveils a prevalent epithelial/mesenchymal hybrid state during mouse organogenesis. Genome Biol 2018; 19:31. [PMID: 29540203 PMCID: PMC5853091 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organogenesis is crucial for proper organ formation during mammalian embryonic development. However, the similarities and shared features between different organs and the cellular heterogeneity during this process at single-cell resolution remain elusive. RESULTS We perform single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of 1916 individual cells from eight organs and tissues of E9.5 to E11.5 mouse embryos, namely, the forebrain, hindbrain, skin, heart, somite, lung, liver, and intestine. Based on the regulatory activities rather than the expression patterns, all cells analyzed can be well classified into four major groups with epithelial, mesodermal, hematopoietic, and neuronal identities. For different organs within the same group, the similarities and differences of their features and developmental paths are revealed and reconstructed. CONCLUSIONS We identify mutual interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells and detect epithelial cells with prevalent mesenchymal features during organogenesis, which are similar to the features of intermediate epithelial/mesenchymal cells during tumorigenesis. The comprehensive transcriptome at single-cell resolution profiled in our study paves the way for future mechanistic studies of the gene-regulatory networks governing mammalian organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinglong Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunuo Mao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Boqiang Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongshan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Wen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuchou Tang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Biomedical Institute for Pioneering Investigation via Convergence, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Nanjappa MK, Medrano TI, Prins GS, Chen H, Zirkin BR, Cooke PS. Transdifferentiation of adult rat stem Leydig cells into prostatic and uterine epithelium, but not epidermis. Andrology 2017; 5:1165-1173. [PMID: 29073338 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stem Leydig cells (SLCs), precursors of testicular Leydig cells that secrete testosterone required for male sexual differentiation, spermatogenesis, and fertility, were recently identified in rat testes. Various types of stem cells have shown the ability to differentiate into other tissues, but there is no information on the plasticity of adult rat SLCs (rSLCs). This study investigated the ability of rSLCs to transdifferentiate into cell types from all three germ layers-prostatic epithelium (endoderm), uterine epithelium (mesoderm), and epidermis (ectoderm)-under the influence of inductive mesenchyme from fetal and neonatal tissues. To differentiate rSLCs into cells of other lineages, mesenchyme from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing mice was used. Tissue recombinants of urogenital sinus mesenchyme (a potent prostate inducer) and rSLCs grafted into adult male hosts formed ductal structures resembling prostate after 5 weeks. Prostate epithelium was of rSLC origin as determined by absence of GFP expression, and expressed characteristic markers of prostatic epithelium. Similarly, uterine mesenchyme + rSLCs tissue recombinants contained a simple columnar epithelium that was histologically similar to normal uterine epithelium and expressed typical uterine epithelial markers, but was of rSLC origin. In contrast, epidermal tissue was absent in fetal dermis + rSLCs recombinants, suggesting rSLCs did not form skin epithelium. Thus, rSLCs can transdifferentiate into uterine and prostatic epithelium, mesodermal, and endodermal derivatives, respectively, but they may have a limited transdifferentiation potential, as shown by their inability to form epidermis, an ectodermal derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nanjappa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T I Medrano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - G S Prins
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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