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Nagaya M, Uchikura A, Nakano K, Watanabe M, Matsunari H, Umeyama K, Mizuno N, Nishimura T, Nakauchi H, Nagashima H. Generation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor-knockout pigs as a potential system for interspecies organogenesis. Regen Ther 2024; 26:783-791. [PMID: 39309395 PMCID: PMC11416208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To overcome organ shortage during transplantation, interspecies organ generation via blastocyst complementation has been proposed, although not yet in evolutionarily distant species. To establish high levels of chimerism, low chimerism is required early in development, followed by high chimerism, to effectively complement the organ niche. Very few human cells are expected to contribute to chimerism in heterologous animals. Previous studies had demonstrated increased donor chimerism in both intra- and interspecies chimeras in rodents, using insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (Igf1r) knockout (KO) mice; deletion of the Igf1r gene in the mouse host embryo created a cell-competitive niche. The current study aimed to generate IGF1R-KO pigs and evaluate whether they have the same phenotype as Igf1r-KO mice. Methods To generate IGF1R-KO pigs, genome-editing molecules were injected into the cytoplasm of pig zygotes. The fetuses were evaluated at 104 days of gestation. Results IGF1R-KO pigs were generated successfully. Their phenotypes were almost identical to those of Igf1r-KO mice, including small lungs and enlarged endodermal organs in fetuses, and they were highly reproducible. Conclusions Pigs may allow the generation of organs using blastocyst complementation with developmentally-compatible xenogeneic pluripotent stem cells over a large evolutionary distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Ayuko Uchikura
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan
| | - Naoaki Mizuno
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Stem Cell Therapy Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nishimura
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Stem Cell Therapy Laboratory, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8510 Tokyo, Japan
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA94305, USA
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki 214-8571, Japan
- PorMedTec Co. Ltd., 2-3227 Mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-0034, Japan
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Nakatsuka R, Kato T, Zhang R, Uemura Y, Sasaki Y, Matsuoka Y, Shirouzu Y, Fujioka T, Yamashita H, Hattori F, Nozaki T, Ogata H, Hitomi H. The Induction of Parathyroid Cell Differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Promoted Via TGF-α/EGFR Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:670-680. [PMID: 37639359 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The parathyroid gland plays an essential role in mineral and bone metabolism. Cultivation of physiological human parathyroid cells has yet to be established and the method by which parathyroid cells differentiate from pluripotent stem cells remains uncertain. Therefore, it has been hard to clarify the mechanisms underlying the onset of parathyroid disorders, such as hyperparathyroidism. In this study, we developed a new method of parathyroid cell differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Parathyroid cell differentiation occurred in accordance with embryologic development. Differentiated cells, which expressed the parathyroid hormone, adopted unique cell aggregation similar to the parathyroid gland. In addition, these differentiated cells were identified as calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)/epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) double-positive cells. Interestingly, stimulation with transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), which is considered a causative molecule of parathyroid hyperplasia, increased the CaSR/EpCAM double-positive cells, but this effect was suppressed by erlotinib, which is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor. These results suggest that TGF-α/EGFR signaling promotes parathyroid cell differentiation from iPS cells in a similar manner to parathyroid hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Nakatsuka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kato
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Rong Zhang
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasushi Uemura
- Division of Cancer Immunotherapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuka Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Matsuoka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Shirouzu
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Fujioka
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Hattori
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashige Nozaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ogata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hitomi
- Department of iPS Stem Cell Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Ono-Minagi H, Nohno T, Serizawa T, Usami Y, Sakai T, Okano H, Ohuchi H. The Germinal Origin of Salivary and Lacrimal Glands and the Contributions of Neural Crest Cell-Derived Epithelium to Tissue Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13692. [PMID: 37761995 PMCID: PMC10531458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate body comprises four distinct cell populations: cells derived from (1) ectoderm, (2) mesoderm, (3) endoderm, and (4) neural crest cells, often referred to as the fourth germ layer. Neural crest cells arise when the neural plate edges fuse to form a neural tube, which eventually develops into the brain and spinal cord. To date, the embryonic origin of exocrine glands located in the head and neck remains under debate. In this study, transgenic TRiCK mice were used to investigate the germinal origin of the salivary and lacrimal glands. TRiCK mice express fluorescent proteins under the regulatory control of Sox1, T/Brachyury, and Sox17 gene expressions. These genes are representative marker genes for neuroectoderm (Sox1), mesoderm (T), and endoderm (Sox17). Using this approach, the cellular lineages of the salivary and lacrimal glands were examined. We demonstrate that the salivary and lacrimal glands contain cells derived from all three germ layers. Notably, a subset of Sox1-driven fluorescent cells differentiated into epithelial cells, implying their neural crest origin. Also, these Sox1-driven fluorescent cells expressed high levels of stem cell markers. These cells were particularly pronounced in duct ligation and wound damage models, suggesting the involvement of neural crest-derived epithelial cells in regenerative processes following tissue injury. This study provides compelling evidence clarifying the germinal origin of exocrine glands and the contribution of neural crest-derived cells within the glandular epithelium to the regenerative response following tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Ono-Minagi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nohno
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Serizawa
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yu Usami
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Rehabilitation for Orofacial Disorders, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideyo Ohuchi
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Tsukamoto M, Kimura K, Yoshida T, Sugiura K, Hatoya S. Canine induced pluripotent stem cells efficiently differentiate into definitive endoderm in 3D cell culture conditions using high-dose activin A. Regen Ther 2022; 21:502-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Raad S, David A, Sagniez M, Paré B, Orfi Z, Dumont NA, Smith MA, Faure C. iPSCs derived from esophageal atresia patients reveal SOX2 dysregulation at the anterior foregut stage. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049541. [PMID: 36317486 PMCID: PMC10655818 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of well-regulated cellular and molecular events result in the compartmentalization of the anterior foregut into the esophagus and trachea. Disruption of the compartmentalization process leads to esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF). The cause of EA/TEF remains largely unknown. Therefore, to mimic the early development of the esophagus and trachea, we differentiated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from EA/TEF patients, and iPSCs and embryonic stem cells from healthy individuals into mature three-dimensional esophageal organoids. CXCR4, SOX17 and GATA4 expression was similar in both patient-derived and healthy endodermal cells. The expression of the key transcription factor SOX2 was significantly lower in the patient-derived anterior foregut. We also observed an abnormal expression of NKX2.1 (or NKX2-1) in the patient-derived mature esophageal organoids. At the anterior foregut stage, RNA sequencing revealed the critical genes GSTM1 and RAB37 to be significantly lower in the patient-derived anterior foregut. We therefore hypothesize that a transient dysregulation of SOX2 and the abnormal expression of NKX2.1 in patient-derived cells could be responsible for the abnormal foregut compartmentalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleen Raad
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Anu David
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Melanie Sagniez
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Bastien Paré
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Zakaria Orfi
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nicolas A. Dumont
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- School of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Martin A. Smith
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Christophe Faure
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
- Esophageal Atresia Clinic and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3715 Côte Sainte-Catherine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3T1C5, Canada
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6
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Hein RFC, Conchola AS, Fine AS, Xiao Z, Frum T, Brastrom LK, Akinwale MA, Childs CJ, Tsai YH, Holloway EM, Huang S, Mahoney J, Heemskerk I, Spence JR. Stable iPSC-derived NKX2-1+ lung bud tip progenitor organoids give rise to airway and alveolar cell types. Development 2022; 149:dev200693. [PMID: 36039869 PMCID: PMC9534489 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bud tip progenitors (BTPs) in the developing lung give rise to all epithelial cell types found in the airways and alveoli. This work aimed to develop an iPSC organoid model enriched with NKX2-1+ BTP-like cells. Building on previous studies, we optimized a directed differentiation paradigm to generate spheroids with more robust NKX2-1 expression. Spheroids were expanded into organoids that possessed NKX2-1+/CPM+ BTP-like cells, which increased in number over time. Single cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed a high degree of transcriptional similarity between induced BTPs (iBTPs) and in vivo BTPs. Using FACS, iBTPs were purified and expanded as induced bud tip progenitor organoids (iBTOs), which maintained an enriched population of bud tip progenitors. When iBTOs were directed to differentiate into airway or alveolar cell types using well-established methods, they gave rise to organoids composed of organized airway or alveolar epithelium, respectively. Collectively, iBTOs are transcriptionally and functionally similar to in vivo BTPs, providing an important model for studying human lung development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee F. C. Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ansley S. Conchola
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alexis S. Fine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tristan Frum
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lindy K. Brastrom
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mayowa A. Akinwale
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Charlie J. Childs
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Hwai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily M. Holloway
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sha Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Mahoney
- Therapeutics Lab, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Idse Heemskerk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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7
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Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Patients with Severe COPD into Functional Airway Epithelium. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152422. [PMID: 35954266 PMCID: PMC9368529 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), a major cause of mortality and disability, is a complex disease with heterogeneous and ill-understood biological mechanisms. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are a promising tool to model human disease, including the impact of genetic susceptibility. Methods: We developed a simple and reliable method for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells into hiPSCs and to differentiate them into air−liquid interface bronchial epithelium within 45 days. Importantly, this method does not involve any cell sorting step. We reprogrammed blood cells from one healthy control and three patients with very severe COPD. Results: The mean cell purity at the definitive endoderm and ventral anterior foregut endoderm (vAFE) stages was >80%, assessed by quantifying C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4/SRY-Box Transcription Factor 17 (CXCR4/SOX17) and NK2 Homeobox 1 (NKX2.1) expression, respectively. vAFE cells from all four hiPSC lines differentiated into bronchial epithelium in air−liquid interface conditions, with large zones covered by beating ciliated, basal, goblets, club cells and neuroendocrine cells, as found in vivo. The hiPSC-derived airway epithelium (iALI) from patients with very severe COPD and from the healthy control were undistinguishable. Conclusions: iALI bronchial epithelium is ready for better understanding lung disease pathogenesis and accelerating drug discovery.
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8
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Suzuki K, Masuike Y, Mizuno R, Sachdeva UM, Chatterji P, Andres SF, Sun W, Klein-Szanto AJ, Besharati S, Remotti HE, Verzi MP, Rustgi AK. LIN28B induces a differentiation program through CDX2 in colon cancer. JCI Insight 2021; 6:140382. [PMID: 33755595 PMCID: PMC8262288 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Most colorectal cancers (CRCs) are moderately differentiated or well differentiated, a status that is preserved even in metastatic tumors. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC differentiation remain to be elucidated. Herein, we unravel a potentially novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism via a LIN28B/CDX2 signaling axis that plays a critical role in mediating CRC differentiation. Owing to a large number of mRNA targets, the mRNA-binding protein LIN28B has diverse functions in development, metabolism, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Our RNA-binding protein IP (RIP) assay revealed that LIN28B directly binds CDX2 mRNA, which is a pivotal homeobox transcription factor in normal intestinal epithelial cell identity and differentiation. Furthermore, LIN28B overexpression resulted in enhanced CDX2 expression to promote differentiation in subcutaneous xenograft tumors generated from CRC cells and metastatic tumor colonization through mesenchymal-epithelial transition in CRC liver metastasis mouse models. A ChIP sequence for CDX2 identified α-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) as a potentially novel transcriptional target of CDX2 in the context of LIN28B overexpression. We also found that AMACR enhanced intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, which is known as a key component of intestinal differentiation, through the upregulation of butyric acid. Overall, we demonstrated that LIN28B promotes CRC differentiation through the CDX2/AMACR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Suzuki
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasunori Masuike
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rei Mizuno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Uma M Sachdeva
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Priya Chatterji
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah F Andres
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Wenping Sun
- Institute for Biomedical informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andres J Klein-Szanto
- Histopathology Facility and Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sepideh Besharati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen E Remotti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Anil K Rustgi
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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9
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An Efficient Method for the Differentiation of Human iPSC-Derived Endoderm toward Enterocytes and Hepatocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040812. [PMID: 33917333 PMCID: PMC8067398 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoderm, differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), can differentiate into the small intestine and liver, which are vital for drug absorption and metabolism. The development of human iPSC-derived enterocytes (HiEnts) and hepatocytes (HiHeps) has been reported. However, pharmacokinetic function-deficiency of these cells remains to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to develop an efficient differentiation method to induce endoderm formation from human iPSCs. Cells treated with activin A for 168 h expressed higher levels of endodermal genes than those treated for 72 h. Using activin A (days 0–7), CHIR99021 and PI−103 (days 0–2), and FGF2 (days 3–7), the hiPSC-derived endoderm (HiEnd) showed 97.97% CD−117 and CD−184 double-positive cells. Moreover, HiEnts derived from the human iPSC line Windy had similar or higher expression of small intestine-specific genes than adult human small intestine. Activities of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein and drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4/5 were confirmed. Additionally, Windy-derived HiHeps expressed higher levels of hepatocyte- and pharmacokinetics-related genes and proteins and showed higher CYP3A4/5 activity than those derived through the conventional differentiation method. Thus, using this novel method, the differentiated HiEnts and HiHeps with pharmacokinetic functions could be used for drug development.
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10
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Yasui R, Sekine K, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa Y, Taniguchi H. Robust parameter design of human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols defines lineage-specific induction of anterior-posterior gut tube endodermal cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:429-442. [PMID: 33400835 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Tissues and cells derived from pluripotent stem cells (PSC) are likely to become widely used in disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine. For these applications, the in vitro PSC differentiation process must be elaborately investigated and controlled to reliably obtain the desired end products. However, because traditional experimental methods, such as one factor at a time or brute-force approaches, are impractical for detailed screening of complex PSC cultivation conditions, more strategic and effective screening based on statistical design of experiments (DOE) ought to be indispensable. Among various DOE approaches, we regard robust parameter design (RPD) as particularly suited for differentiation protocol optimization due to its suitability for multifactorial screening. We confirmed the adaptability of RPD for investigating human induced PSC lineage specification toward anterior-posterior gut tube endodermal cells and clarified both the contribution of each cell signaling pathway and the effect of cell signaling condition alteration on marker RNA expression levels, while increasing the efficiency of the screening in 243-fold (18 vs 4374) compared with that of a brute-force approach. Specific induction of anterior foregut, hepatic, pancreatic, or mid-hindgut cells was achieved using seven iPSC strains with the optimal culture protocols established on the basis of RPD analysis. RPD has the potential to enable efficient construction and optimization of PSC differentiation protocols, and its use is recommended from fundamental research to mass production of PSC-derived products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Yasui
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Fundamental Research Laboratory, Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Nogi, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Cancer Cell Systems, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.,Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Raad S, David A, Que J, Faure C. Genetic Mouse Models and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Studying Tracheal-Esophageal Separation and Esophageal Development. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:953-966. [PMID: 32515280 PMCID: PMC9839344 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophagus and trachea arise from a common origin, the anterior foregut tube. The compartmentalization process of the foregut into the esophagus and trachea is still poorly understood. Esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is one of the most common gastrointestinal congenital defects with an incidence rate of 1 in 2,500 births. EA/TEF is linked to the disruption of the compartmentalization process of the foregut tube. In EA/TEF patients, other organ anomalies and disorders have also been reported. Over the last two decades, animal models have shown the involvement of multiple signaling pathways and transcription factors in the development of the esophagus and trachea. Use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to understand organogenesis has been a valuable tool for mimicking gastrointestinal and respiratory organs. This review focuses on the signaling mechanisms involved in esophageal development and the use of iPSCs to model and understand it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleen Raad
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anu David
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Center for Human Development, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christophe Faure
- Esophageal Development and Engineering Laboratory, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Esophageal Atresia Clinic and Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, CHU Sainte Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Address correspondence to: Dr. Christophe Faure, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sainte-Justine Hospital, 3715 Côte Sainte Catherine, Montreal H3T1C5, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Koterazawa Y, Koyanagi-Aoi M, Uehara K, Kakeji Y, Aoi T. Retinoic acid receptor γ activation promotes differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into esophageal epithelium. J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:763-774. [PMID: 32556644 PMCID: PMC7376085 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-020-01695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The esophagus is known to be derived from the foregut. However, the mechanisms regulating this process remain unclear. In particular, the details of the human esophagus itself have been poorly researched. In this decade, studies using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have proven powerful tools for clarifying the developmental biology of various human organs. Several studies using hiPSCs have demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) signaling promotes the differentiation of foregut into tissues such as lung and pancreas. However, the effect of RA signaling on the differentiation of foregut into esophagus remains unclear. METHODS We established a novel stepwise protocol with transwell culture and an air-liquid interface system for esophageal epithelial cell (EEC) differentiation from hiPSCs. We then evaluated the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which is a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α, RARβ and RARγ agonist, on the differentiation from the hiPSC-derived foregut. Finally, to identify which RAR subtype was involved in the differentiation, we used synthetic agonists and antagonists of RARα and RARγ, which are known to be expressed in esophagus. RESULTS We successfully generated stratified layers of cells expressing EEC marker genes that were positive for lugol staining. The enhancing effect of ATRA on EEC differentiation was clearly demonstrated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistology, lugol-staining and RNA sequencing analyses. RARγ agonist and antagonist enhanced and suppressed EEC differentiation, respectively. RARα agonist had no effect on the differentiation. CONCLUSION We revealed that RARγ activation promotes the differentiation of hiPSCs-derived foregut into EECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Koterazawa
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Michiyo Koyanagi-Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Uehara
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoi
- Division of Advanced Medical Science, Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
- Center for Human Resource Development for Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
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13
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Bukys MA, Mihas A, Finney K, Sears K, Trivedi D, Wang Y, Oberholzer J, Jensen J. High-Dimensional Design-Of-Experiments Extracts Small-Molecule-Only Induction Conditions for Dorsal Pancreatic Endoderm from Pluripotency. iScience 2020; 23:101346. [PMID: 32745983 PMCID: PMC7398937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The derivation of endoderm and descendant organs, such as pancreas, liver, and intestine, impacts disease modeling and regenerative medicine. Use of TGF-β signaling agonism is a common method for induction of definitive endoderm from pluripotency. By using a data-driven, High-Dimensional Design of Experiments (HD-DoE)-based methodology to address multifactorial problems in directed differentiation, we found instead that optimal conditions demanded BMP antagonism and retinoid input leading to induction of dorsal foregut endoderm (DFE). We demonstrate that pancreatic identity can be rapidly, and robustly, induced from DFE and that such cells are of dorsal pancreatic identity. The DFE population was highly competent to differentiate into both stomach organoids and pancreatic tissue types and able to generate fetal-type β cells through two subsequent differentiation steps using only small molecules. This alternative, rapid, and low-cost basis for generating pancreatic insulin-producing cells may have impact for the development of cell-based therapies for diabetes. Method development for addressing multifactorial problems in directed differentiation Generation of endodermal populations without the use of TGF-β agonism Small-molecule-based pancreatic differentiation protocol
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Bukys
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alexander Mihas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Krystal Finney
- Trailhead Biosystems Inc, 10000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Katie Sears
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Divya Trivedi
- Trailhead Biosystems Inc, 10000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Division of Transplantation, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Jan Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Trailhead Biosystems Inc, 10000 Cedar Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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14
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Messina A, Luce E, Hussein M, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A. Pluripotent-Stem-Cell-Derived Hepatic Cells: Hepatocytes and Organoids for Liver Therapy and Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020420. [PMID: 32059501 PMCID: PMC7072243 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a very complex organ that ensures numerous functions; it is thus susceptible to multiple types of damage and dysfunction. Since 1983, orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has been considered the only medical solution available to patients when most of their liver function is lost. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for OLT is worryingly increasing, and extracorporeal liver support devices are not yet able to counteract the problem. In this review, the current and expected methodologies in liver regeneration are briefly analyzed. In particular, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) as a source of hepatic cells for liver therapy and regeneration are discussed. Principles of hPSC differentiation into hepatocytes are explored, along with the current limitations that have led to the development of 3D culture systems and organoid production. Expected applications of these organoids are discussed with particular attention paid to bio artificial liver (BAL) devices and liver bio-fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Messina
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Eléanor Luce
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Marwa Hussein
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Anne Dubart-Kupperschmitt
- INSERM unité mixte de recherche (UMR_S) 1193, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (A.M.)
- UMR_S 1193, Université Paris-Sud/Paris-Saclay, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Hépatinov, F-94800 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-145595138
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15
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Directed differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells into mature stratified bladder urothelium. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10506. [PMID: 31324820 PMCID: PMC6642190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For augmentation or reconstruction of urinary bladder after cystectomy, bladder urothelium derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has recently received focus. However, previous studies have only shown the emergence of cells expressing some urothelial markers among derivatives of hiPSCs, and no report has demonstrated the stratified structure, which is a particularly important attribute of the barrier function of mature bladder urothelium. In present study, we developed a method for the directed differentiation of hiPSCs into mature stratified bladder urothelium. The caudal hindgut, from which the bladder urothelium develops, was predominantly induced via the high-dose administration of CHIR99021 during definitive endoderm induction, and this treatment subsequently increased the expressions of uroplakins. Terminal differentiation, characterized by the increased expression of uroplakins, CK13, and CK20, was induced with the combination of Troglitazone + PD153035. FGF10 enhanced the expression of uroplakins and the stratification of the epithelium, and the transwell culture system further enhanced such stratification. Furthermore, the barrier function of our urothelium was demonstrated by a permeability assay using FITC-dextran. According to an immunohistological analysis, the stratified uroplakin II-positive epithelium was observed in the transwells. This method might be useful in the field of regenerative medicine of the bladder.
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16
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Mianné J, Ahmed E, Bourguignon C, Fieldes M, Vachier I, Bourdin A, Assou S, De Vos J. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Modeling and Personalized Medicine. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:672-683. [PMID: 30230352 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0213tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare and heterogeneous genetic disorder that affects the structure and function of motile cilia. In the airway epithelium, impaired ciliary motion results in reduced or absent mucociliary clearance that leads to the appearance of chronic airway infection, sinusitis, and bronchiectasis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for PCD, and research is limited by the lack of convenient models to study this disease and investigate innovative therapies. Furthermore, the high heterogeneity of PCD genotypes is likely to hinder the development of a single therapy for all patients. The generation of patient-derived, induced pluripotent stem cells, and their differentiation into airway epithelium, as well as genome editing technologies, could represent major tools for in vitro PCD modeling and for developing personalized therapies. Here, we review PCD pathogenesis and then discuss how human induced pluripotent stem cells could be used to model this disease for the development of innovative, patient-specific biotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Mianné
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Engi Ahmed
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Chloé Bourguignon
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Fieldes
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- 2 PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- 2 PhyMedExp, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France; and
| | - Said Assou
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- 1 Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,3 Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
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17
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Sun H, You Y, Guo M, Wang X, Zhang Y, Ye S. Tfcp2l1 safeguards the maintenance of human embryonic stem cell self-renewal. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6944-6951. [PMID: 29323720 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tfcp2l1 is a transcription factor critical for mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) maintenance. However, its role in human ESCs (hESCs) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role of Tfcp2l1 in controlling hESC activity and showed that Tfcp2l1 is functionally important in the maintenance of hESC identity. Tfcp2l1 expression is highly enriched in hESCs and dramatically decreases upon differentiation. Forced expression of Tfcp2l1 promoted hESC self-renewal. Functional analysis of the mutant forms of Tfcp2l1 revealed that both the CP2- and SAM-like domains are indispensable for Tfcp2l1 to maintain the undifferentiated state of hESCs. Notably, the CP2-like domain is closely related to the suppression of definitive endoderm and mesoderm commitment. Accordingly, knockdown of Tfcp2l1 significantly induced differentiation preferentially into definitive endoderm and mesoderm. Further studies found that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by IWR1 is able to eliminate the differentiation caused by Tfcp2l1 downregulation. Taken together, these findings reveal the unique and crucial role of Tfcp2l1 in the determination of hESC fate and will expand our understanding of the self-renewal and differentiation circuitry in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yu You
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Wang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shoudong Ye
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, PR China
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18
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Farzaneh Z, Najarasl M, Abbasalizadeh S, Vosough M, Baharvand H. Developing a Cost-Effective and Scalable Production of Human Hepatic Competent Endoderm from Size-Controlled Pluripotent Stem Cell Aggregates. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:262-274. [PMID: 29298619 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic suspension culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in stirred bioreactors provides a valuable scalable culture platform for integrated differentiation toward different lineages for potential research and therapeutic applications. However, current protocols for scalable and integrated differentiation of hPSCs limited due to high cost of growth factors and technical challenges. Here, hPSCs aggregates primed with 6 and 12 μM of CHIR99021 (CHIR), a Wnt agonist, in combination with different concentrations of high cost Activin A (10, 25, 50, 100 ng/mL). We sought to determine the appropriate treatment duration for efficient and cost-effective differentiation protocol for foregut definitive endoderm production in a dynamic suspension culture. Afterward, we evaluated the impact of the initial hPSC aggregate sizes (small: 86 ± 18 μm; medium: 142 ± 32 μm; large: 214 ± 34 μm) as critical bioprocess parameter on differentiation efficacy at the beginning of induction. The results indicated that 1-day priming of hPSCs as 3D aggregates (hPSpheres) with 6 μM CHIR followed by treatment with a low concentration of Activin (10 ng/mL) for 2 days resulted in efficient differentiation to definitive endoderm. This finding confirmed by the presence of ≥70% SOX17/FOXA2-double positive cells that highly expressed the anterior endodermal marker HEX. These endodermal cells differentiated efficiently into mature functional hepatocytes [60% albumin (ALB)-positive cells]. The results showed that the initial size of hPSC aggregates significantly impacted on the efficacy of differentiation. The medium sized-hPSpheres resulted in higher productivity and differentiation efficiency for scalable hepatocytes production, whereas small aggregates resulted in significant cell-loss after CHIR treatment and large aggregates had less efficacious endodermal differentiation. Differentiated cells exhibited multiple characteristics of primary hepatocytes as evidenced by expressions of liver-specific markers, indocyanine green and low-density lipoprotein uptake, and glycogen storage. Thus, this platform could be employed for scalable production of hPSC-derived hepatocytes for clinical and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzaneh
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najarasl
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Abbasalizadeh
- 2 Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,3 Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (IBB), Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico , Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Massoud Vosough
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- 1 Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology , ACECR, Tehran, Iran .,4 Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture , Tehran, Iran
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19
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Kieffer TJ, Woltjen K, Osafune K, Yabe D, Inagaki N. Beta-cell replacement strategies for diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2017; 9:457-463. [PMID: 28984038 PMCID: PMC5934267 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose as a result of insufficient production of insulin from loss or dysfunction of pancreatic islet β-cells. Here, we review several approaches to replacing β-cells that were recently discussed at a symposium held in Kyoto, Japan. Transplant of donor human islets can effectively treat diabetes and eliminate the need for insulin injections, supporting research aimed at identifying abundant supplies of cells. Studies showing the feasibility of producing mouse islets in rats support the concept of generating pigs with human pancreas that can serve as donors of human islets, although scientific and ethical challenges remain. Alternatively, in vitro differentiation of both human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells is being actively pursued as an islet cell source, and embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor cells are now in clinical trials in North America in patients with diabetes. Macro-encapsulation devices are being used to contain and protect the cells from immune attack, and alternate strategies of immune-isolation are being pursued, such as islets contained within long microfibers. Recent advancements in genetic engineering tools offer exciting opportunities to broaden therapeutic strategies and to probe the genetic involvement in β-cell failure that contributes to diabetes. Personalized medicine might eventually become a possibility with genetically edited patient-induced pluripotent stem cells, and the development of simplified robust differentiation protocols that ideally become standardized and automated. Additional efforts to develop a safe and effective β-cell replacement strategy to treat diabetes are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological SciencesLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Knut Woltjen
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- Hakubi Center for Advanced ResearchKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Department of Cellular & Physiological SciencesLife Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Daisuke Yabe
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and NutritionGraduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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20
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Ahmed E, Sansac C, Assou S, Gras D, Petit A, Vachier I, Chanez P, De Vos J, Bourdin A. Lung development, regeneration and plasticity: From disease physiopathology to drug design using induced pluripotent stem cells. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 183:58-77. [PMID: 28987320 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lungs have a complex structure composed of different cell types that form approximately 17 million airway branches of gas-delivering bronchioles connected to 500 million gas-exchanging alveoli. Airways and alveoli are lined by epithelial cells that display a low rate of turnover at steady-state, but can regenerate the epithelium in response to injuries. Here, we review the key points of lung development, homeostasis and epithelial cell plasticity in response to injury and disease, because this knowledge is required to develop new lung disease treatments. Of note, canonical signaling pathways that are essential for proper lung development during embryogenesis are also involved in the pathophysiology of most chronic airway diseases. Moreover, the perfect control of these interconnected pathways is needed for the successful differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) into lung cells. Indeed, differentiation of iPSC into airway epithelium and alveoli is based on the use of biomimetics of normal embryonic and fetal lung development. In vitro iPSC-based models of lung diseases can help us to better understand the impaired lung repair capacity and to identify new therapeutic targets and new approaches, such as lung cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Caroline Sansac
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Said Assou
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France
| | - Delphine Gras
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France
| | | | - Pascal Chanez
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases APHM, INSERM CNRS U 1067, UMR7333, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - John De Vos
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1183, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; CHU Montpellier, Unit for Cellular Therapy, Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier F 34000, France.
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier F34000, France; Université de MONTPELLIER, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier F34000, France; INSERM, U1046, PhyMedExp, Montpellier F34000, France.
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Katoh M, Katoh M. Molecular genetics and targeted therapy of WNT-related human diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:587-606. [PMID: 28731148 PMCID: PMC5547940 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled and LRP5/6 receptors is transduced to the WNT/β-catenin and WNT/stabilization of proteins (STOP) signaling cascades to regulate cell fate and proliferation, whereas non-canonical WNT signaling through Frizzled or ROR receptors is transduced to the WNT/planar cell polarity (PCP), WNT/G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and WNT/receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling cascades to regulate cytoskeletal dynamics and directional cell movement. WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade crosstalks with RTK/SRK and GPCR-cAMP-PKA signaling cascades to regulate β-catenin phosphorylation and β-catenin-dependent transcription. Germline mutations in WNT signaling molecules cause hereditary colorectal cancer, bone diseases, exudative vitreoretinopathy, intellectual disability syndrome and PCP-related diseases. APC or CTNNB1 mutations in colorectal, endometrial and prostate cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin signaling cascade. RNF43, ZNRF3, RSPO2 or RSPO3 alterations in breast, colorectal, gastric, pancreatic and other cancers activate the WNT/β-catenin, WNT/STOP and other WNT signaling cascades. ROR1 upregulation in B-cell leukemia and solid tumors and ROR2 upregulation in melanoma induce invasion, metastasis and therapeutic resistance through Rho-ROCK, Rac-JNK, PI3K-AKT and YAP signaling activation. WNT signaling in cancer, stromal and immune cells dynamically orchestrate immune evasion and antitumor immunity in a cell context-dependent manner. Porcupine (PORCN), RSPO3, WNT2B, FZD5, FZD10, ROR1, tankyrase and β-catenin are targets of anti-WNT signaling therapy, and ETC-159, LGK974, OMP-18R5 (vantictumab), OMP-54F28 (ipafricept), OMP-131R10 (rosmantuzumab), PRI-724 and UC-961 (cirmtuzumab) are in clinical trials for cancer patients. Different classes of anti-WNT signaling therapeutics are necessary for the treatment of APC/CTNNB1-, RNF43/ZNRF3/RSPO2/RSPO3- and ROR1-types of human cancers. By contrast, Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), SOST and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) are targets of pro-WNT signaling therapy, and anti-DKK1 (BHQ880 and DKN-01) and anti-SOST (blosozumab, BPS804 and romosozumab) monoclonal antibodies are being tested in clinical trials for cancer patients and osteoporotic post-menopausal women. WNT-targeting therapeutics have also been applied as reagents for in vitro stem-cell processing in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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Abstract
Here, we describe a protocol to develop a three-dimensional (3D) liver bud-like tissue from human iPSCs in vitro. This method mainly consists of two parts: (1) hepatic endoderm (HE) differentiation from human iPSCs in 2D culture and (2) co-culturing iPSC-HE with endothelial and mesenchymal cells. First, iPSCs were differentiated into definitive endoderm (DE) cells, and the DE cells were differentiated into HE cells, which were then co-cultured with endothelial cells and mesenchymal cells on Matrigel-coated plastic plates or micropattern plates. The cells rapidly condensed to generate 3D tissue masses. We named these iPSC liver buds (iPSC-LBs) because they resemble the developing liver bud from the perspective of gene expression, cell proliferation, and cell proportion. This liver bud culture system provides a novel approach for future clinical applications, for drug development, and as a tool for studying human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Advanced medical research center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229-3039, USA
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
- Advanced medical research center, Yokohama City University, Kanazawa-ku 3-9, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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