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Smith R, Nadella S, Moccia R, Seymour C, Mothersill C. Copper uptake in adult rainbow trout irradiated during early life stages and in non-irradiated bystander trout which swam with the irradiated fish. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1130-1138. [PMID: 34524940 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1980627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This investigation forms part of a wider study into the legacy effects of exposure of rainbow trout eggs 38 h after fertilization, eyed eggs, yolk sac larvae (YSL) or first feeders to a single 0.5 Gy X-ray dose, including the induction of a bystander effect, by the irradiated fish, to non-irradiated fish. Fish may be exposed to multiple environmental stressors, including waterborne metals, during their lifespan and, while there are data on how the legacy of early life stage irradiation and bystander effect induction is affected by waterborne aluminum and cadmium, there are no studies into the effects radiation or the radiation induced bystander effect on metal uptake. Therefore the aim of this investigation was to determine if the legacy of early life stage irradiation included an effect on copper uptake by adult fish and by non-irradiated bystander adult trout which swam with the irradiated fish. METHODS The four early life stages mentioned above were exposed to a single 0.5 Gy X-ray dose and then maintained, for two years with no further irradiation. At two years old the irradiated fish were allowed to swim, for 2 h with non-irradiated bystander trout (also two years old). After this time copper uptake was determined using 64Cu. RESULTS Copper uptake was increased in adult trout irradiated as eggs at 48 h after fertilization and as first feeders but eyed egg or YSL irradiation had no effect. Copper uptake was also increased in the bystander trout which swam with trout irradiated as eggs at 48 h after fertilization and as eyed eggs but there was no effect on non-irradiated adult trout which swam with trout irradiated as YSL or first feeders. CONCLUSIONS When put in context with the proteomic changes observed in these fish we propose the increased copper uptake in adult trout irradiated as eggs at 48 h after fertilization could be part of an anti-tumorigenic response and the increase in copper uptake in adult trout irradiated as first feeders could be part of a potentially protective pro-apoptotic response. Similarly we propose the increase in copper uptake in non-irradiated adult trout, induced by trout irradiated as eggs at 48 h after fertilization or as eyed eggs, was part of the universally anti-tumorigenic nature of the X-ray induced bystander effect in fish. However this was exclusive to embryonic irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Smith
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Sunita Nadella
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Richard Moccia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Elie-Caille C, Lascombe I, Péchery A, Bittard H, Fauconnet S. Molecular and nanoscale evaluation of N-cadherin expression in invasive bladder cancer cells under control conditions or GW501516 exposure. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 471:113-127. [PMID: 32519230 PMCID: PMC7370938 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03771-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
N-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein expressed by mesenchymal origin cells and is located at the adherens junctions. It regulates also cell motility and contributes to cell signaling. In previous studies, we identified that its anomalous expression in bladder carcinoma was a tumor progression marker. A pharmacological approach to inhibit N-cadherin expression or to block its function could be relevant to prevent disease progression and metastasis development. The morphological exploration of T24 invasive bladder cancer cells by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed a spindle-like shape with fibrous structures. By engaging force spectroscopy with AFM tip functionalized with anti-E or anti-N-cadherin antibodies, results showed that T24 cells expressed only N-cadherin as also demonstrated by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. For the first time, we demonstrated by RTqPCR and Western blotting analyses that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) agonist GW501516 significantly decreased N-cadherin expression in T24 cells. Moreover, high non-cytotoxic doses of GW501516 inhibited confluent T24 cell wound healing closure. By using AFM, a more sensitive nanoanalytical method, we showed that the treatment modified the cellular morphology and diminished N-cadherin cell surface coverage through the decreasing of these adhesion molecule-mediated interaction forces. We observed a greater decrease of N-cadherin upon GW501516 exposure with AFM than that detected with molecular biology techniques. AFM was a complementary tool to biochemical techniques to perform measurements on living cells at the nanometer resolution level. Taken together, our data suggest that GW501516 could be an interesting therapeutic strategy to avoid bladder cancer cell spreading through N-cadherin decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Elie-Caille
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, ENSMM, UTBM, Besançon, France.
| | - Isabelle Lascombe
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Adeline Péchery
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Hugues Bittard
- Service Urologie et Andrologie, CHU Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Sylvie Fauconnet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, EA3181, LabEx LipSTIC ANR-11-LABX-0021, 25030, Besançon, France.
- Service Urologie et Andrologie, CHU Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France.
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPAR Beta/Delta and the Hallmarks of Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051133. [PMID: 32375405 PMCID: PMC7291220 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. Three different isoforms, PPAR alpha, PPAR beta/delta and PPAR gamma have been identified. They all form heterodimers with retinoic X receptors to activate or repress downstream target genes dependent on the presence/absence of ligands and coactivators or corepressors. PPARs differ in their tissue expression profile, ligands and specific agonists and antagonists. PPARs attract attention as potential therapeutic targets for a variety of diseases. PPAR alpha and gamma agonists are in clinical use for the treatment of dyslipidemias and diabetes. For both receptors, several clinical trials as potential therapeutic targets for cancer are ongoing. In contrast, PPAR beta/delta has been suggested as a therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome. However, potential risks in the settings of cancer are less clear. A variety of studies have investigated PPAR beta/delta expression or activation/inhibition in different cancer cell models in vitro, but the relevance for cancer growth in vivo is less well documented and controversial. In this review, we summarize critically the knowledge of PPAR beta/delta functions for the different hallmarks of cancer biological capabilities, which interplay to determine cancer growth.
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Wei W, Wei X, Liang X. Correlation of nm 23 expression with pharyngeal cancer and patient prognoses. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5667-5672. [PMID: 30344722 PMCID: PMC6176257 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of non-metastasis 23 (nm 23) in laryngeal cancer tissues and analyzed its correlation with the prognoses of laryngeal cancer patients. A total of 122 laryngeal cancer patients who were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College from June 2009 to June 2012, and 30 normal laryngeal mucosal tissues were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemical staining method was used to test the expression of nm 23 in tissues. Quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) and western blotting were conducted to test the expression of nm 23 in tissues at the gene and protein levels, respectively. Moreover, the prognoses of patients were analyzed. The positive expression rate (90.00%) of nm 23 in the normal laryngeal mucosal tissues was markedly higher than that in laryngeal cancer tissues (56.56%) (p<0.05). The expression of nm 23 proteins was correlated with the clinical staging of laryngeal cancer and the metastasis of lymph nodes (p<0.05). The expression of both nm 23 genes and proteins in the laryngeal cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in the normal laryngeal mucosal tissues (p<0.05). The survival rate of the positive nm 23 expression was substantially higher than that of the negative expression with a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). In conclusion, the expression of nm 23 proteins plays an important role in the development and metastasis of laryngeal cancer and may be taken as one of the indicators to evaluate the prognoses of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhong Wei
- E.N.T. Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wei
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- E.N.T. Department, Qufu City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qufu, Shandong 273100, P.R. China
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Smith RW, Moccia RD, Seymour CB, Mothersill CE. Irradiation of rainbow trout at early life stages results in a proteomic legacy in adult gills. Part A; proteomic responses in the irradiated fish and in non-irradiated bystander fish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:297-306. [PMID: 29463416 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a single 0.5 Gy X-ray dose of eggs at 48 h after fertilisation (48 h egg), eyed eggs, yolk sac larvae (YSL) and first feeders induces a legacy effect in adult rainbow trout. This includes the transmission of a bystander effect to non-irradiated adult trout which had swam with the irradiated fish. The aim of this study was to investigate this legacy by analysing the gill proteome of these irradiated and bystander fish. Irradiation at all of the early life stages resulted in changes to proteins which play a key role in development but are also known to be anti-tumorigenic and anti-oxidant: upregulation of haemoglobin subunit beta (48 h egg), haemoglobin, serum albumin 1 precursor (eyed eggs), clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X10 (eyed eggs and first feeders), and actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4 (first feeders), downregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, histone 1 (48 h egg), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), collagen alpha-1(1) chain like proteins (YSL), pyruvate kinase PKM-like protein (YSL and first feeders), ubiquitin-40S ribosomal proteins S27 and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 A isoform 1B (first feeders). However irradiation of YSL and first feeders (post hatching early life stages) also induced proteomic changes which have a complex relationship with tumorigenesis or cancer progression; downregulation of alpha-1-antiprotease-like protein precursor, vigilin isoform X2 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase (YSL) and upregulation of hyperosmotic glycine rich protein (first feeders). In bystander fish some proteomic changes were similar to those induced by irradiation: upregulation of haemoglobin subunit beta (48 h egg), haemoglobin (eyed eggs), actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4, hyperosmotic glycine rich protein (first feeders), and downregulation of alpha-1-antiprotease-like protein, vigilin isoform X2, nucleoside diphosphate kinase (YSL), pyruvate kinase PKM-like protein and ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a-like (first feeders). Other proteomic changes were unique to bystander fish; downregulation of TPI, ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S2 (eyed egg), cofilin-2, cold-inducible RNA-binding protein B-like isoform X3 (YSL) and superoxide dismutase (first feeder), and upregulation of haemoglobin subunit alpha, collagen 1a1 precursor, apolipoprotein A-1-1 and A-1-2 precursor (first feeders). These bystander effect proteomic changes have been shown to be overwhelmingly anti-tumorigenic or protective of the fish gill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Smith
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario Canada; Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada.
| | - Richard D Moccia
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Colin B Seymour
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Carmel E Mothersill
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton Ontario Canada
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Kjällquist U, Erlandsson R, Tobin NP, Alkodsi A, Ullah I, Stålhammar G, Karlsson E, Hatschek T, Hartman J, Linnarsson S, Bergh J. Exome sequencing of primary breast cancers with paired metastatic lesions reveals metastasis-enriched mutations in the A-kinase anchoring protein family (AKAPs). BMC Cancer 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 29433456 PMCID: PMC5810006 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer tumors is today widely recognized. Most of the available knowledge in genetic variation however, relates to the primary tumor while metastatic lesions are much less studied. Many studies have revealed marked alterations of standard prognostic and predictive factors during tumor progression. Characterization of paired primary- and metastatic tissues should therefore be fundamental in order to understand mechanisms of tumor progression, clonal relationship to tumor evolution as well as the therapeutic aspects of systemic disease. Methods We performed full exome sequencing of primary breast cancers and their metastases in a cohort of ten patients and further confirmed our findings in an additional cohort of 20 patients with paired primary and metastatic tumors. Furthermore, we used gene expression from the metastatic lesions and a primary breast cancer data set to study the gene expression of the AKAP gene family. Results We report that somatic mutations in A-kinase anchoring proteins are enriched in metastatic lesions. The frequency of mutation in the AKAP gene family was 10% in the primary tumors and 40% in metastatic lesions. Several copy number variations, including deletions in regions containing AKAP genes were detected and showed consistent patterns in both investigated cohorts. In a second cohort containing 20 patients with paired primary and metastatic lesions, AKAP mutations showed an increasing variant allele frequency after multiple relapses. Furthermore, gene expression profiles from the metastatic lesions (n = 120) revealed differential expression patterns of AKAPs relative to the tumor PAM50 intrinsic subtype, which were most apparent in the basal-like subtype. This pattern was confirmed in primary tumors from TCGA (n = 522) and in a third independent cohort (n = 182). Conclusion Several studies from primary cancers have reported individual AKAP genes to be associated with cancer risk and metastatic relapses as well as direct involvement in cellular invasion and migration processes. Our findings reveal an enrichment of mutations in AKAP genes in metastatic breast cancers and suggest the involvement of AKAPs in the metastatic process. In addition, we report an AKAP gene expression pattern that consistently follows the tumor intrinsic subtype, further suggesting AKAP family members as relevant players in breast cancer biology. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4021-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Una Kjällquist
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rikard Erlandsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas P Tobin
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amjad Alkodsi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustav Stålhammar
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eva Karlsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hatschek
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Hartman
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergh
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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