1
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Bai M, Shen Q, Wu Y, Ma Z, Wang Y, Chen M, Liu D, Zhou L. Evaluation of transport mechanisms of methotrexate in human choriocarcinoma cell lines by LC-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 247:116268. [PMID: 38823222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly prescribed as the initial treatment for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), but MTX monotherapy may not be effective for high-risk GTN and choriocarcinoma. The cellular uptake of MTX is essential for its pharmacological activity. Thus, our study aimed to investigate the cellular pharmacokinetics and transport mechanisms of MTX in choriocarcinoma cells. For the quantification of MTX concentrations in cellular matrix, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was created and confirmed initially. MTX accumulation in BeWo, JEG-3, and JAR cells was minimal. Additionally, the mRNA levels of folate receptor α (FRα) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) were relatively high in the three choriocarcinoma cell lines, whereas proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT), reduced folate carrier (RFC), and organic anion transporter (OAT) 4 were low. Furthermore, the expression of other transporters was either very low or undetectable. Notably, the application of inhibitors and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting FRα, RFC, and PCFT led to a notable decrease in the accumulation of MTX in BeWo cells. Conversely, the co-administration of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and BCRP inhibitors increased MTX accumulation. In addition, inhibitors of OATs and organic-anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) reduced MTX accumulation, while peptide transporter inhibitors had no effect. Results from siRNA knockdown experiments and transporter overexpression cell models indicated that MTX was not a substrate of nucleoside transporters. In conclusion, the results indicate that FRα and multiple transporters such as PCFT, RFC, OAT4, and OATPs are likely involved in the uptake of MTX, whereas MDR1 and BCRP are implicated in the efflux of MTX from choriocarcinoma cells. These results have implications for predicting transporter-mediated drug interactions and offer potential directions for further research on enhancing MTX sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Bai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory for Core Technology of Generic Drug Evaluation National Medical Product Administration, Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310052, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China
| | - Mingyang Chen
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310006, PR China.
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2
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Iaconis D, Caccuri F, Manelfi C, Talarico C, Bugatti A, Filippini F, Zani A, Novelli R, Kuzikov M, Ellinger B, Gribbon P, Riecken K, Esposito F, Corona A, Tramontano E, Beccari AR, Caruso A, Allegretti M. DHFR Inhibitors Display a Pleiotropic Anti-Viral Activity against SARS-CoV-2: Insights into the Mechanisms of Action. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051128. [PMID: 37243214 DOI: 10.3390/v15051128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, drug repurposing represented an effective strategy to obtain quick answers to medical emergencies. Based on previous data on methotrexate (MTX), we evaluated the anti-viral activity of several DHFR inhibitors in two cell lines. We observed that this class of compounds showed a significant influence on the virus-induced cytopathic effect (CPE) partly attributed to the intrinsic anti-metabolic activity of these drugs, but also to a specific anti-viral function. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms, we took advantage of our EXSCALATE platform for in-silico molecular modelling and further validated the influence of these inhibitors on nsp13 and viral entry. Interestingly, pralatrexate and trimetrexate showed superior effects in counteracting the viral infection compared to other DHFR inhibitors. Our results indicate that their higher activity is due to their polypharmacological and pleiotropic profile. These compounds can thus potentially give a clinical advantage in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients already treated with this class of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Iaconis
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesca Caccuri
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Candida Manelfi
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmine Talarico
- EXSCALATE, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA, Via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonella Bugatti
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Filippini
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alberto Zani
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Rubina Novelli
- Dompè Famaceutici SpA, Via Campo di Pile snc, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Kuzikov
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ellinger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Philip Gribbon
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Schnackenburgallee 114, 22525 Hamburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristoffer Riecken
- Research Department Cell and Gene Therapy, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francesca Esposito
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria SS554, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | | | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Section of Microbiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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3
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Ito K, Naoi M, Nishiyama K, Kudo T, Tsuda Y, MacLean C, Ishiguro N. Impact of P-glycoprotein on intracellular drug concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and K562 cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 49:100487. [PMID: 36724603 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in lymphocytes is variable and 2-fold higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with treatment resistance than in healthy subjects. To date the information on P-gp-mediated drug interaction in lymphocyte is limited. We analyzed the importance on P-gp in lymphocytes using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) together with K562, K562/Adr, and K562/Vin cells, which have various P-gp levels, as cell models, and dexamethasone, nintedanib and apafant as weak to good P-gp substrates. P-gp levels in K562, K562/Adr, and K562/Vin cells were 0.3-, 20-, and 106-fold of healthy PBMCs, respectively. While cell accumulation of apafant and nintedanib decreased in all cells with increasing P-gp levels, dexamethasone accumulation in K562/Adr was comparable to that in healthy PBMCs and K562 cells. Cell accumulations of substrates in cells with low P-gp expression were not significantly changed by the P-gp inhibitors at therapeutic concentrations. However, accumulation increased to 1.4-fold at highest in K562/Adr cells with higher P-gp expression than in PBMCs of the RA patients. These results suggest P-gp controls the cellular concentration of P-gp substrates in PBMCs or K562 cells but cellular concentration of a weak P-gp substrate would not be apparently affected even in cells with a sufficient P-gp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ito
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Marina Naoi
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nishiyama
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tsuda
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan
| | - Caroline MacLean
- Department of R&D Project Management and Development Strategies, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Naoki Ishiguro
- Pharmacokinetics and Non-Clinical Safety Department, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan.
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4
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Aleshin VA, Zhou X, Krishnan S, Karlsson A, Bunik VI. Interplay Between Thiamine and p53/p21 Axes Affects Antiproliferative Action of Cisplatin in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells by Changing Metabolism of 2-Oxoglutarate/Glutamate. Front Genet 2021; 12:658446. [PMID: 33868388 PMCID: PMC8047112 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.658446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiamine (vitamin B1) is often deficient in oncopatients, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy. However, interaction between the thiamine deficiency and anticancer action of drugs has not been characterized. A major natural thiamine derivative, thiamine diphosphate (ThDP), is a coenzyme of central metabolism, also known to affect transcriptional activity of the master metabolic regulator and genome guardian p53. A direct transcriptional target of p53, p21, regulates cell cycle dynamics and DNA damage response. Our work focuses on dependence of the action of the DNA damaging anticancer drug cisplatin on metabolic regulation through p53/p21 axes and cellular thiamine status in human lung adenocarcinoma cells A549. These cells are used as a model of a hardly curable cancer, known to develop chemoresistance to platinum drugs, such as cisplatin. Compared to wild type (A549WT), a stable line with a 60% knockdown of p21 (A549p21-) is less sensitive to antiproliferative action of cisplatin. In contrast, in the thiamine-deficient medium, cisplatin impairs the viability of A549p21- cells more than that of A549WT cells. Analysis of the associated metabolic changes in the cells indicates that (i) p21 knockdown restricts the production of 2-oxoglutarate via glutamate oxidation, stimulating that within the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; (ii) cellular cisplatin sensitivity is associated with a 4-fold upregulation of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT2) by cisplatin; (iii) cellular cisplatin resistance is associated with a 2-fold upregulation of p53 by cisplatin. Correlation analysis of the p53 expression and enzymatic activities upon variations in cellular thiamine/ThDP levels indicates that p21 knockdown substitutes positive correlation of the p53 expression with the activity of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHC) for that with the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). The knockdown also changes correlations of the levels of OGDHC, GDH and GOT2 with those of the malate and isocitrate dehydrogenases. Thus, a p53/p21-dependent change in partitioning of the glutamate conversion to 2-oxoglutarate through GOT2 or GDH, linked to NAD(P)-dependent metabolism of 2-oxoglutarate in affiliated pathways, adapts A549 cells to thiamine deficiency or cisplatin treatment. Cellular thiamine deficiency may interfere with antiproliferative action of cisplatin due to their common modulation of the p53/p21-dependent metabolic switch between the glutamate oxidation and transamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Aleshin
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiaoshan Zhou
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuba Krishnan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Victoria I. Bunik
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Corneal Epithelial Toxicity after Intravitreal Methotrexate Injection for Vitreoretinal Lymphoma: Clinical and In Vitro Studies. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082672. [PMID: 32824794 PMCID: PMC7463496 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate is widely used as an intraocular chemotherapy for vitreoretinal lymphoma (VRL). Although corneal toxicity has been reported in patients after intravitreal methotrexate injections, the incidence, outcome, and mechanism of the toxicity are unclear. Herein, we performed a clinical study to evaluate the incidence, predisposing factors, and treatment outcome of corneal epitheliopathy associated with intravitreal methotrexate injection. In addition, we directly investigated cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of methotrexate in cultures of human corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Medical chart reviews revealed that corneal epitheliopathy occurred in 15 eyes (22.7%, 12 patients) out of 66 eyes (45 patients) after intravitreal methotrexate injections for treatment of VRL. The use of topical anti-glaucoma medication was significantly associated with development of corneal epitheliopathy. The epitheliopathy resolved in all patients 2.4 months after onset. In culture, methotrexate decreased the survival of CECs by inducing apoptosis, increasing oxidative stress, suppressing proliferation, and upregulating inflammatory cytokines. The addition of folinic acid significantly protected the cells from the methotrexate-induced toxicity. Hence, our results suggest that care should be taken to minimize the contact of methotrexate with corneal epithelium during injection, and folic or folinic acid supplementation might be beneficial for preventing corneal complications in patients undergoing intravitreal methotrexate injections.
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6
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Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in methotrexate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 525:543-548. [PMID: 32113686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the development of organ fibrosis. We demonstrated that methotrexate (MTX) clearly induced EMT through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-related signaling pathway in human alveolar epithelial cell line, A549. However, critical factors associated with MTX-induced EMT have not yet been identified. In our study, we attempted to identify factors playing a crucial role in MTX-induced EMT in A549 cells. We focused on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as the possible target for the prevention of MTX-induced EMT-related lung injury. Comprehensive gene expression analysis by microarray revealed that mRNA expression level of PAI-1 was clearly increased by MTX treatment. In addition, using several cloned A549 cells, we found a good correlation between MTX-induced increase in mRNA expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), a representative EMT marker, and PAI-1. Furthermore, MTX upregulated mRNA and protein expression levels of PAI-1 in A549 cells; this upregulation was canceled by co-treatment with SB431542, a TGF-β-related signaling pathway inhibitor. Notably, tiplaxtinin, a PAI-1 inhibitor, and knockdown of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) prevented MTX-induced EMT in A549 cells. These findings indicate that MTX may induce EMT via upregulation of PAI-1 expression and interaction of PAI-1 with uPAR in A549 cells.
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7
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Kawami M. [Investigation of Drug-induced Lung Injury for the Development of a Novel Therapeutic Approach]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2020; 140:15-22. [PMID: 31902879 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The development of serious lung diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis, is associated with several drugs. A recent study has shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an essential role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanisms underlying drug-induced EMT in alveolar epithelial cells have not been characterized. The present study showed that methotrexate (MTX), a drug known to cause lung injury, induced EMT-like phenotypic changes in an A549 cell model of the alveolar epithelium. We also found that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-mediated signaling pathway was associated with MTX-induced EMT. In addition, our results showed that certain secreted factors and microRNAs, a class of small noncoding RNAs, may be involved in MTX-induced EMT. The effects of COA-Cl, a novel synthetic small molecule, on TGF-β1-induced EMT were evaluated to determine the therapeutic potential of COA-Cl against drug-induced lung injury. COA-Cl significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced EMT-like phenotypic changes, as evidenced by the inhibition of EMT-related transcription factors. Furthermore, MTX-induced EMT was completely suppressed by co-treatment with folic acid. Thus, these compounds may be promising therapeutic agents against drug-induced lung injury. In conclusion, the present study elucidated mechanisms underlying drug-induced EMT and highlighted a potential novel therapeutic approach to drug-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University
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8
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Investigation on inhibitory effect of folic acid on methotrexate-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition focusing on dihydrofolate reductase. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2019; 34:396-399. [PMID: 31601464 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Use of methotrexate (MTX) can induce serious adverse lung reactions, such as pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, we demonstrated that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which triggers pulmonary fibrosis, was induced by MTX, and folic acid (FA) suppressed MTX-induced EMT in A549 cells. In this study, the role of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a target of MTX, in FA-mediated inhibition of MTX-induced EMT was evaluated. The inhibitory effects of FA and tetrahydrofolate (THF), a metabolite of FA produced by DHFR, on MTX-induced increases in mRNA expression of α-SMA, an EMT marker, were compared. The IC50 values of FA and THF for DHFR were 103.3 and 19.4 μM, respectively. In contrast, DHFR knockdown did not alter the mRNA expression of α-SMA. Notably, the inhibitory effect of FA, but not THF, on MTX-induced EMT was blunted in DHFR knockdown cells. These results suggested that DHFR may not directly contribute to MTX-induced EMT, but may contribute to suppression of MTX-induced EMT via production of THF in A549 cells.
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9
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Lv S, Fan H, Yang H, Huang J, Li J, Shu X, Zhang L, Xu Y, Li X, Zuo J, Lv C, Kong X, Xiao C. Membrane-Spanning Protein Genetic Polymorphisms Related to Methotrexate Therapeutic Outcomes in a Chinese Rheumatoid Arthritis Population. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1471-1476. [PMID: 31099054 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but individual variation in treatment response remains unexplained. The differences in drug efficacy and adverse drug reactions may be caused by genetic variations. We investigated the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2 genes encoding membrane-spanning proteins, namely, reduced folate carrier-1 RFC-1/SLC19A1 (G>A [rs7499], A>G [rs2838956] and 180G>A [rs1051266]) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1 (rs1045642). Tagged SNPs were genotyped in 162 patients with RA in China. Then, we analyzed the relationships between these SNPs and therapeutic outcomes related to MTX in Chinese RA patients. No significant associations were found between the RFC-1/SLC19A1 (G>A [rs7499] and A>G [rs2838956]) and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette B1 (rs1045642) gene polymorphisms and the response to MTX in RA patients. However, MTX-related toxicity was associated with one SNP, RFC-1 rs1051266 AA vs GG (odds ratio, 6.523; 95% confidence interval, 1.596-26.565; P = .009). SLC19A1 A>G rs2838956 showed a trend toward a significant association (odds ratio, 0.377; 95% confidence interval, 0.124-1.143; P = .085) with toxicity. Our results suggest that the RFC-1 80G>A (rs1051266) SNP exerts a potentially protective effect against the risk of adverse drug reactions in Chinese RA patients treated with MTX. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lv
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huizhen Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Yichun, Jiangxi Yichun, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Shu
- Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of TCM Rheumatology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyu Zuo
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomu Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Kawami M, Honda N, Miyamoto M, Yumoto R, Takano M. Reduced folate carrier-mediated methotrexate transport in human distal lung epithelial NCl-H441 cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:167-175. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We had previously found that reduced folate carrier (RFC; SLC19A1) is mainly involved in an influx of transport of methotrexate (MTX), a folate analogue, using alveolar epithelial A549 cells. Therefore, we examined MTX uptake in NCl-H441 (H441) cells, another in vitro alveolar epithelial model, focusing on the localization of RFC in the present study.
Methods
Transport function of RFC in H441 cells was studied using [3H]MTX.
Key findings
The uptake of MTX was increased remarkably after pretreatment of the cell monolayer with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in H441 cells but not in A549 cells, indicating the contribution of the basolaterally located transporter. In addition, folic acid and thiamine monophosphate, RFC inhibitors, inhibited the uptake of MTX from the basolateral side of the H441 cells. In order to compare the function of RFC on the apical and basolateral sides of the cells, the uptake of MTX from each side was examined using a Transwell chamber. Intracellular MTX amounts from the basolateral side were found to be significantly higher than those from the apical side.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the distribution of MTX in the lung alveolar epithelial cells may be mediated by basolaterally located RFC in alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Natsuko Honda
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mioka Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Hou M, Gao YE, Shi X, Bai S, Ma X, Li B, Xiao B, Xue P, Kang Y, Xu Z. Methotrexate-based amphiphilic prodrug nanoaggregates for co-administration of multiple therapeutics and synergistic cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2018; 77:228-239. [PMID: 30006314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of nanomedicine is to seek strategies that are more efficient to address various limitations and challenges faced by conventional medicines, including lack of target specificity, poor bioavailability, premature degradability, and undesired side effects. Self-assembling drug amphiphiles represent a prospective nanomedicine for cancer therapy owing to their favorable route of administration and therapeutic efficiency compared with pristine drug counterparts. In this work, we report a class of self-deliverable prodrug amphiphiles consisting of the hydrophilic drug methotrexate (MTX) and the hydrophobic anticancer drugs camptothecin (CPT) and doxorubicin (DOX) for targeted and combinational chemotherapy. The disulfide bond and hydrazone bond, which are subject to stimuli-triggered bond cleavage, were introduced to link these therapeutic agents and form two prodrug amphiphiles, named as MTX-CPT and MTX-DOX, respectively, which could self-assemble into stable prodrug nanoaggregates (NAs) in aqueous media. MTX molecules in the prodrug NAs facilitated NA uptake into tumor cells with high expression of folic acid receptors (FRs). This systemic study provided clear evidence of the synergistic therapeutic effect by co-administrating dual prodrug NAs on various tumor cells in vitro and a xenograft tumor model in vivo. The obtained prodrug amphiphiles provide an efficient strategy for the design of multifunctional drug delivery systems and elaborate therapeutic nanoplatforms for cancer chemotherapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This work presents two kinds of prodrug amphiphiles that are carrier free and integrate targeted drug delivery, stimuli-triggered drug release, synergistic therapy, and theranostic function into a single system. Reduction/acid active prodrug amphiphiles can self-assemble into micellar nanoaggregates (NAs) at a very low critical aggregation concentration. These NAs exhibit superior stability in physiological environment and disassemble in the presence of tumor cells expressing folic acid receptors or the high glutathione or in low pH tumoral endosomal environment. The induced disassembly of prodrug NAs can "switch on" the inherent fluorescence of the internalized camptothecin or doxorubicin for the detection of tumor cells. Compared to a single type of prodrug NA, co-administration of dual prodrug combination can produce an evident synergistic therapeutic effect against various tumor cells in vitro and inhibit xenograft tumor growth in vivo. The methotrexate-based prodrug amphiphiles may provide a potential strategy for developing multifunctional nanoplatforms and delivery of multiple therapeutics in chemotherapy.
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Okada M, Fujii H, Suga Y, Morito S, Okada M, Nishigami J, Kawano M, Shimada T, Sai Y. Drug interaction between methotrexate and salazosulfapyridine in Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Pharm Health Care Sci 2017; 3:7. [PMID: 28116118 PMCID: PMC5244515 DOI: 10.1186/s40780-017-0073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) and salazosulfapyridine (SASP) are disease-modifying drugs that are commonly used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and combination therapy with MTX and SASP is recommended for RA patients who show an inadequate response to monotherapy with either drug. This study was designed to examine the interaction between the two drugs from the viewpoint of serum MTX concentration in Japanese RA patients, who were receiving combination therapy with relatively low doses of MTX and SASP. Methods This is a 24-week open-label intervention study of stable RA patients (n = 10) with low disease activity. In these patients, who had received SASP/MTX combination therapy for at least 12 weeks, SASP was discontinued, and the patients received MTX monotherapy for the next 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change of serum MTX concentration at 12 weeks after discontinuation of SASP. Two disease activity markers, simplified disease activity index (SDAI) and disease activity score-C reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), were assessed as secondary outcomes at 24 weeks after discontinuation of SASP. We also monitored levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and inflammatory cytokines. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire after the study. Results Serum MTX concentration in RA patients who discontinued SASP increased more than 2-fold within 4 weeks, and the higher level was maintained thereafter. No significant differences were detected in SDAI, DAS28-CRP, MMP-3 or inflammatory cytokines. Most participants reported no change in physical condition after withdrawal of SASP, and most preferred MTX monotherapy for future treatment. Conclusions Withdrawal of SASP from patients receiving SASP/MTX caused a rapid, marked increase of serum MTX concentration, without any apparent change in disease parameters or side effects. Our results suggest that SASP can be discontinued without adverse effects in stable RA patients receiving combination therapy, at least among Japanese patients receiving relatively low doses of the two drugs. Trial registration UMIN000024507. October 21, 2016 retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morihiro Okada
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan.,Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujii
- Division of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Yukio Suga
- Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Satoshi Morito
- Department of Pharmacy, Social Welfare Organization Saiseikai Kanazawa Hospital, 13-6 Akatsuti-machi, Kanazawa, 920-0353 Japan
| | - Masae Okada
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan
| | - Jun Nishigami
- Department of Pharmacy, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Kanazawa Hospital, Ha-15 Oki-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8610 Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kawano
- Division of Rheumatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sai
- Department of Medicinal Informatics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan.,Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, 920-8641 Japan
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Kawami M, Harabayashi R, Miyamoto M, Harada R, Yumoto R, Takano M. Methotrexate-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in the Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line A549. Lung 2016; 194:923-930. [PMID: 27604426 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9935-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Methotrexate (MTX) therapy of certain cancers and rheumatoid arthritis often induces serious interstitial lung complications including pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by MTX and by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the human alveolar epithelial cell line A549 in order to develop new strategies for the prevention of EMT. METHODS First, we examined the effect of TGF-β1 and MTX on cell morphology and the expression of EMT-related mRNAs in A549 cells. Then, the effects of SB431542 (SB), a potent inhibitor of TGF-β receptor kinase, and a neutralizing antibody for TGF-β1 on the phenotypic changes of A549 cells induced by TGF-β1 and MTX were examined. RESULTS After incubation with TGF-β1 and MTX, the mRNA expression of epithelial markers such as cytokeratin 19 was reduced, while that of mesenchymal markers such as α-smooth muscle actin was increased. SB suppressed the development of morphological changes and partially rescued alterations in mRNA expression of EMT markers induced by MTX. In addition, the enhancement of SMAD2 phosphorylation by MTX was also prevented by SB. On the other hand, EMT-related changes induced by MTX were not affected by a neutralizing antibody for TGF-β1. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that phenotypic changes of A549 cells induced by MTX are partly mediated by a TGF-β1-related intracellular signaling pathway, although TGF-β1 itself is not directly involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kawami
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Rika Harabayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mioka Miyamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Risako Harada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Increased Systemic Exposure of Methotrexate by a Polyphenol-Rich Herb via Modulation on Efflux Transporters Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein 2 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Takano M, Sugimoto N, Ehrhardt C, Yumoto R. Functional Expression of PEPT2 in the Human Distal Lung Epithelial Cell Line NCl-H441. Pharm Res 2015; 32:3916-26. [PMID: 26168863 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1751-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peptide transporter PEPT2 is expressed in alveolar type II epithelial cells. So far, however, no appropriate alveolar epithelial cell line for studying PEPT2 function has been known. In this study, we examined the functional expression of PEPT2 in the human distal lung epithelial cell line NCl-H441 (H441). METHODS Expression of PEPT2 mRNA and protein was examined in H441 cells. Transport function of PEPT2 was studied using glycylsarcosine (Gly-Sar) as a substrate. RESULTS Lamellar bodies were well developed in H441 cells and mRNA expression of type II cell markers and PEPT2 increased during time in culture. PEPT2 protein expression was confirmed in H441 cells, but not in A549 cells, by immunostaining and Western blotting. The uptake of Gly-Sar in H441 cells was inhibited by cefadroxil, and the cefadroxil-sensitive uptake was pH-dependent and peaked at pH 6.5. Gly-Sar uptake in H441 cells showed saturation kinetics with a Km value of 112.5 μM. In addition, apical-to-basal, but not basal-to-apical, transport of cephalexin across H441 cell monolayers was sensitive to cefadroxil. CONCLUSIONS PEPT2 is functionally expressed in H441 cells, making the cell line a good in vitro model to study PEPT2 function and its regulation in human distal lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikihisa Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Carsten Ehrhardt
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Panoz Institute, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ryoko Yumoto
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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