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Miyake T, Tsutsui H, Hirabayashi M, Tachibana T. Quantitative Prediction of OATP-Mediated Disposition and Biliary Clearance Using Human Liver Chimeric Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:135-149. [PMID: 37142442 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug biliary clearance (CLbile) in vivo is among the most difficult pharmacokinetic parameters to predict accurately and quantitatively because biliary excretion is influenced by metabolic enzymes, transporters, and passive diffusion across hepatocyte membranes. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of Hu-FRG mice [Fah-/-/Rag2-/-/Il2rg-/- (FRG) mice transplanted with human-derived hepatocytes] to quantitatively predict human organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)-mediated drug disposition and CLbile To predict OATP-mediated disposition, six OATP substrates (atorvastatin, fexofenadine, glibenclamide, pitavastatin, pravastatin, and rosuvastatin) were administered intravenously to Hu-FRG and Mu-FRG mice (FRG mice transplanted with mouse hepatocytes) with or without rifampicin as an OATP inhibitor. We calculated the hepatic intrinsic clearance (CLh,int) and the change of hepatic clearance (CLh) caused by rifampicin (CLh ratio). We compared the CLh,int of humans with that of Hu-FRG mice and the CLh ratio of humans with that of Hu-FRG and Mu-FRG mice. For predicting CLbile, 20 compounds (two cassette doses of 10 compounds) were administered intravenously to gallbladder-cannulated Hu-FRG and Mu-FRG mice. We evaluated the CLbile and investigated the correlation of human CLbile with that of Hu-FRG and Mu-FRG mice. We found good correlations between humans and Hu-FRG mice in CLh,int (100% within threefold) and CLh ratio (R2 = 0.94). Moreover, we observed a much better relationship between humans and Hu-FRG mice in CLbile (75% within threefold). Our results suggest that OATP-mediated disposition and CLbile can be predicted using Hu-FRG mice, making them a useful in vivo drug discovery tool for quantitatively predicting human liver disposition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: OATP-mediated disposition and biliary clearance of drugs are likely quantitatively predictable using Hu-FRG mice. The findings can enable the selection of better drug candidates and the development of more effective strategies for managing OATP-mediated DDIs in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Miyake
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division (T.M., T.T.) and Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division (H.T.), Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan and Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Haruka Tsutsui
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division (T.M., T.T.) and Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division (H.T.), Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan and Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Manabu Hirabayashi
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division (T.M., T.T.) and Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division (H.T.), Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan and Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan (M.H.)
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, Translational Research Division (T.M., T.T.) and Discovery Biologics Department, Research Division (H.T.), Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan and Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science Inc., Shizuoka, Gotemba, Japan (M.H.)
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Hiramuki Y, Abe S, Uno N, Kazuki K, Takata S, Miyamoto H, Takayama H, Morimoto K, Takehara S, Osaki M, Tanihata J, Takeda S, Tomizuka K, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Full-length human dystrophin on human artificial chromosome compensates for mouse dystrophin deficiency in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4360. [PMID: 36928364 PMCID: PMC10020543 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystrophin maintains membrane integrity as a sarcolemmal protein. Dystrophin mutations lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, an X-linked recessive disorder. Since dystrophin is one of the largest genes consisting of 79 exons in the human genome, delivering a full-length dystrophin using virus vectors is challenging for gene therapy. Human artificial chromosome is a vector that can load megabase-sized genome without any interference from the host chromosome. Chimeric mice carrying a 2.4-Mb human dystrophin gene-loaded human artificial chromosome (DYS-HAC) was previously generated, and dystrophin expression from DYS-HAC was confirmed in skeletal muscles. Here we investigated whether human dystrophin expression from DYS-HAC rescues the muscle phenotypes seen in dystrophin-deficient mice. Human dystrophin was normally expressed in the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle and heart at expected molecular weights, and it ameliorated histological and functional alterations in dystrophin-deficient mice. These results indicate that the 2.4-Mb gene is enough for dystrophin to be correctly transcribed and translated, improving muscular dystrophy. Therefore, this technique using HAC gives insight into developing new treatments and novel humanized Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models with human dystrophin gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hiramuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Narumi Uno
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shuta Takata
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Haruka Takayama
- Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kayoko Morimoto
- Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683‑8503, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Trans Chromosomics Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Integrated Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Group, The Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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Kobayashi K, Minegishi G, Kuriyama N, Miyajima A, Abe S, Kazuki K, Kazuki Y. Metabolic Disposition of Triazolam and Clobazam in Humanized CYP3A Mice with a Double-Knockout Background of Mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a Genes. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:174-182. [PMID: 36379710 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout (KO) of mouse Cyp3a genes increases the expression of hepatic CYP2C enzymes, which can metabolize triazolam, a typical substrate of human CYP3A. There is still marked formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in Cyp3a-KO (3aKO) mice after triazolam dosing. Here, we generated a new model of humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A) mice with a double-KO background of Cyp3a and Cyp2c genes (2c3aKO), and we examined the metabolic profiles of triazolam in wild-type (WT), 2c3aKO, and hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice in vitro and in vivo In vitro studies using liver microsomes showed that the formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 8% of that in WT mice. The formation rate of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was eightfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. In vivo studies showed that area under the curve (AUC) of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in 2c3aKO mice was less than 3% of that in WT mice. The AUC of 1'-hydroxytriazolam in hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice was sixfold higher than that in 2c3aKO mice. These results showed that formation of 1'-hydroxytriazolam was significantly decreased in 2c3aKO mice. Metabolic functions of human CYP3A enzymes were distinctly found in hCYP3A mice with the 2c3aKO background. Moreover, hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice treated with clobazam showed human CYP3A-mediated formation of desmethylclobazam and prolonged elimination of desmethylclobazam, which is found in poor metabolizers of CYP2C19. The novel hCYP3A mouse model without mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) is expected to be useful to evaluate human CYP3A-mediated metabolism in vivo SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: Humanized CYP3A (hCYP3A/2c3aKO) mice with a background of double knockout (KO) for mouse Cyp2c and Cyp3a genes were generated. Although CYP2C enzymes played a compensatory role in the metabolism of triazolam to 1'-hydroxytriazolam in the previous hCYP3A/3aKO mice with Cyp2c genes, the novel hCYP3A/2c3aKO mice clearly showed functions of human CYP3A enzymes introduced by chromosome engineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Nina Kuriyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan (K.Ko., G.M., N.K., A.M.) and Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC) (S.A., K.Ka., Y.K.) and Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Yamasaki Y, Moriwaki T, Ogata S, Ito S, Ohtsuki S, Minegishi G, Abe S, Ohta Y, Kazuki K, Kobayashi K, Kazuki Y. Influence of MDR1 gene polymorphism (2677G>T) on expression and function of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier: utilizing novel P-glycoprotein humanized mice with mutation. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2022; 32:288-292. [PMID: 35997049 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0000000000000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein, the encoded product of the MDR1 / ABCB1 gene in humans, is expressed in numerous tissues including brain capillary endothelial cells and restricts the distribution of xenobiotics into the brain as an efflux pump. Although a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the MDR1 gene have been identified, the influence of the nonsynonymous 2677G>T/A single nucleotide polymorphism on P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier has remained unclear. In the present study, we developed a novel P-glycoprotein humanized mouse line carrying the 2677G>T mutation by utilizing a mouse artificial chromosome vector constructed by genetic engineering technology and we evaluated the influence of 2677G>T on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier in vivo . The results of this study showed that the introduction of the 2677G>T mutation does not alter the expression levels of P-glycoprotein protein in the brain capillary fraction. On the other hand, the brain penetration of verapamil, a representative substrate of P-glycoprotein, was increased by the introduction of the 2677G>T mutation. These results suggested that the 2677G>T single nucleotide polymorphism may attenuate the function of P-glycoprotein, resulting in increased brain penetration of P-glycoprotein substrates, without altering the expression levels of P-glycoprotein protein in the blood-brain barrier. This mutant mouse line is a useful model for elucidating the influence of an MDR1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism on the expression and function of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Takashi Moriwaki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Yumi Ohta
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Chromosome Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
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Uno N, Takata S, Komoto S, Miyamoto H, Nakayama Y, Osaki M, Mayuzumi R, Miyazaki N, Hando C, Abe S, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T, Nakajima Y, Oshimura M, Tomizuka K, Kazuki Y. Panel of human cell lines with human/mouse artificial chromosomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3009. [PMID: 35194085 PMCID: PMC8863800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) and mouse artificial chromosomes (MACs) are non-integrating chromosomal gene delivery vectors for molecular biology research. Recently, microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) of HACs/MACs has been achieved in various human cells that include human immortalised mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, the conventional strategy of gene introduction with HACs/MACs requires laborious and time-consuming stepwise isolation of clones for gene loading into HACs/MACs in donor cell lines (CHO and A9) and then transferring the HAC/MAC into cells via MMCT. To overcome these limitations and accelerate chromosome vector-based functional assays in human cells, we established various human cell lines (HEK293, HT1080, hiMSCs, and hiPSCs) with HACs/MACs that harbour a gene-loading site via MMCT. Model genes, such as tdTomato, TagBFP2, and ELuc, were introduced into these preprepared HAC/MAC-introduced cell lines via the Cre-loxP system or simultaneous insertion of multiple gene-loading vectors. The model genes on the HACs/MACs were stably expressed and the HACs/MACs were stably maintained in the cell lines. Thus, our strategy using this HAC/MAC-containing cell line panel has dramatically simplified and accelerated gene introduction via HACs/MACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Uno
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan.
| | - Shuta Takata
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Shinya Komoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Hitomaru Miyamoto
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Division of Radioisotope Science, Research Initiative Center, Organization for Research Initiative and Promotion, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Ryota Mayuzumi
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Natsumi Miyazaki
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hando
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Suzuki
- Stem Cell Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakajima
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0395, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tomizuka
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachiohji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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Construction of stable mouse artificial chromosome from native mouse chromosome 10 for generation of transchromosomic mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20050. [PMID: 34625612 PMCID: PMC8501010 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes derived from native chromosomes have been applied to biomedical research and development by generating cell sources and transchromosomic (Tc) animals. Human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a precedent chromosomal vector which achieved generation of valuable humanized animal models for fully human antibody production and human pharmacokinetics. While humanized Tc animals created by HAC vector have attained significant contributions, there was a potential issue to be addressed regarding stability in mouse tissues, especially highly proliferating hematopoietic cells. Mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors derived from native mouse chromosome 11 demonstrated improved stability, and they were utilized for humanized Tc mouse production as a standard vector. In mouse, however, stability of MAC vector derived from native mouse chromosome other than mouse chromosome 11 remains to be evaluated. To clarify the potential of mouse centromeres in the additional chromosomes, we constructed a new MAC vector from native mouse chromosome 10 to evaluate the stability in Tc mice. The new MAC vector was transmitted through germline and stably maintained in the mouse tissues without any apparent abnormalities. Through this study, the potential of additional mouse centromere was demonstrated for Tc mouse production, and new MAC is expected to be used for various applications.
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Liskovykh M, Larionov V, Kouprina N. Highly Efficient Microcell-Mediated Transfer of HACs Containing a Genomic Region of Interest into Mammalian Cells. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e236. [PMID: 34491634 PMCID: PMC10758282 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) are considered promising tools for gene delivery, functional analyses, and gene therapy. HACs have the potential to overcome many of the problems caused by the use of viral-based gene transfer systems, such as limited cloning capacity, lack of copy number control, and insertional mutagenesis during integration into host chromosomes. The recently developed alphoidtetO -HAC has an advantage over other HAC vectors because it can be easily eliminated from dividing cells by inactivation of its conditional kinetochore. This provides a unique control mechanism to study phenotypes induced by a gene or genes carried on the HAC. The alphoidtetO -HAC has a single gene acceptor loxP site that allows insertion of an individual gene of interest or a cluster of genes of up to several Mb in size in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) hybrid cells. The HACs carrying chromosomal copies of genes can then be transferred from these donor CHO cells to different recipient cells of interest via microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT). Here, we describe a detailed protocol for loading a gene of interest into the alphoidtetO -HAC vector and for the subsequent transfer of the HAC to recipient cells using an improved MMCT protocol. The original MMCT protocol includes treatment of donor cells with colcemid to induce micronucleation, wherein the HAC becomes surrounded with a nuclear membrane. That step is followed by disarrangement of the actin cytoskeleton using cytochalasin B to help induce microcell formation. The updated MMCT protocol, described here, features the replacement of colcemid and cytochalasin B with TN16 + griseofulvin and latrunculin B, respectively, and the use of collagen/laminin surface coating to promote attachment of metaphase cells to plates during micronuclei induction. These modifications increase the efficiency of HAC transfer to recipient cells ten fold. The improved MMCT protocol has been successfully tested on several recipient cell lines, including human mesenchymal stem cells and mouse embryonic stem cells. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Insertion of a BAC containing a gene of interest into a single loxP loading site of alphoidtetO -HAC in hamster CHO cells Basic Protocol 2: Microcell-mediated chromosome transfer from donor hamster CHO cells to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Liskovykh
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Wong YC, Osahor A, Al-Ajli FOM, Narayanan K. Large BACs transfect more efficiently in circular topology. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114324. [PMID: 34363787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of DNA topology on transfection efficiency of mammalian cells has been widely tested on plasmids smaller than 10 kb, but little is known for larger DNA vectors carrying intact genomic DNA containing introns, exons, and regulatory regions. Here, we demonstrate that circular BACs transfect more efficiently than covalently closed linear BACs. We found up to 3.1- and 8.9- fold higher eGFP expression from circular 11 kb and 100 kb BACs, respectively, compared to linear BACs. These findings provide insights for improved vector development for gene delivery and expression studies of large intact transgenes in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Cheng Wong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Andrew Osahor
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Kumaran Narayanan
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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9
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Miyake T, Tsutsui H, Haraya K, Tachibana T, Morimoto K, Takehara S, Ayabe M, Kobayashi K, Kazuki Y. Quantitative prediction of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug-drug interactions and intestinal absorption using humanized mice. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4335-4351. [PMID: 34232502 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE P-glycoprotein (P-gp) exhibits a broad substrate specificity and affects pharmacokinetics, especially intestinal absorption. However, prediction, in vivo, of P-gp-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) and non-linear absorption at the preclinical stage, is challenging. Here we evaluate the use of human MDR1 mouse artificial chromosome (hMDR1-MAC) mice carrying human P-gp and lacking their own murine P-gp to quantitatively predict human P-gp-mediated DDI and non-linear absorption. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The P-gp substrates (aliskiren, betrixaban, celiprolol, digoxin, fexofenadine and talinolol) were administered orally to wild-type, Mdr1a/b-knockout (KO) and hMDR1-MAC mice, and their plasma concentrations were measured. We calculated the ratio of area under the curve (AUCR) in mice (AUCMdr1a/b-KO /AUCwild-type or AUCMdr1a/b-KO /AUChMDR1-MAC ) estimated as attributable to complete P-gp inhibition and the human AUCR with and without P-gp inhibitor administration. The correlations of AUCRhuman with AUCRwild-type and AUCRhMDR1-MAC were investigated. For aliskiren, betrixaban and celiprolol, the Km and Vmax values for P-gp in hMDR1-MAC mice and humans were optimized from different dosing studies using GastroPlus. The correlations of Km and Vmax for P-gp between human and hMDR1-MAC mice were investigated. KEY RESULTS A better correlation between AUCRhuman and AUCRhMDR1-MAC (R2 = 0.88) was observed. Moreover, good relationships of Km (R2 = 1.00) and Vmax (R2 = 0.98) for P-gp between humans and hMDR1-MAC mice were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that P-gp-mediated DDI and non-linear absorption can be predicted using hMDR1-MAC mice. These mice are a useful in vivo tool for quantitatively predicting P-gp-mediated disposition in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiji Miyake
- Discovery ADMET Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Japan
| | - Haruka Tsutsui
- Discovery ADMET Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kenta Haraya
- Discovery ADMET Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Tachibana
- Discovery ADMET Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Gotemba, Japan
| | - Kayoko Morimoto
- Research and Development Department, Trans Chromosomics, Inc., Yonago, Japan
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Research and Development Department, Trans Chromosomics, Inc., Yonago, Japan
| | - Miho Ayabe
- Discovery Technology Research Department, Research Division, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kamakura, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.,Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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10
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Takemura A, Gong S, Sato T, Kawaguchi M, Sekine S, Kazuki Y, Horie T, Ito K. Evaluation of Parent- and Metabolite-Induced Mitochondrial Toxicities Using CYP-Introduced HepG2 cells. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3306-3312. [PMID: 34097978 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial toxicity is an important factor to predict drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Previous studies have focused predominantly on mitochondrial toxicities due to parent forms, and no study has adequately evaluated metabolite-induced mitochondrial toxicity. Moreover, previous studies have used HepG2 cells, which lack many cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. To overcome this problem, CYP-introduced HepG2 cells were constructed using several gene transfer technologies, including adenoviruses and plasmids. However, these methods only led to a transient expression of CYP genes. In the present study, usefulness of four CYPs introduced-HepG2 (TC-Hep) cells previously constructed through mammalian artificial chromosome technology were examined, especially from the perspective of mitochondrial toxicity. First, we evaluated the effects of known compounds, such as rotenone and flutamide, on mitochondrial toxicity and cell death in TC-Hep cells cultured in galactose conditions. Expectedly, rotenone-induced cell death ameliorated because rotenone was metabolized by CYPs into inactive form(s) and flutamide-induced cell death increased in TC-Hep cells. Second, we evaluated five compounds that caused liver injury in clinical phase and were discontinued during pharmaceutical development. The present in vitro tool suggested that three of the five compounds caused metabolite-induced mitochondrial toxicities. In conclusion, the present in vitro tool could easily and inexpensively detect metabolite-induced mitochondrial toxicity; hence, it can be useful for predicting DILI in preclinical phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Takemura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Simin Gong
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Moemi Kawaguchi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sekine
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Japan
| | - Toru Horie
- DeThree Research Laboratories, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kousei Ito
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
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11
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Minegishi G, Kazuki Y, Nitta SI, Miyajima A, Akita H, Kobayashi K. In vivo evaluation of intestinal human CYP3A inhibition by macrolide antibiotics in CYP3A-humanised mice. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:764-770. [PMID: 34013847 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1921314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
It is important to predict drug-drug interactions via inhibition of intestinal cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) which is a determinant of bioavailability of orally administered CYP3A substrates. However, inhibitory effects of macrolide antibiotics on CYP3A-mediated metabolism are not entirely identical between humans and rodents.We investigated the effects of macrolide antibiotics, clarithromycin and erythromycin, on in vitro and in vivo metabolism of triazolam, a CYP3A substrate, in CYP3A-humanised mice generated by using a mouse artificial chromosome vector carrying a human CYP3A gene.Metabolic activities of triazolam were inhibited by macrolide antibiotics in liver and intestine microsomes of CYP3A-humanised mice.The area under the plasma concentration-time curve ratios of 4-hydroxytriazolam to triazolam after oral dosing of triazolam were significantly decreased by multiple administration of macrolide antibiotics. The plasma concentrations ratios of α-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam to triazolam in portal blood were significantly decreased by multiple administration of clarithromycin in CYP3A-humanised mice.These results suggest that intestinal CYP3A activity was inhibited by macrolide antibiotics in CYP3A-humanised mice in vitro and in vivo. The plasma concentrations of triazolam and its metabolites in the portal blood of CYP3A-humanised mice would be useful for direct evaluation of intestinal CYP3A-mediated drug-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Minegishi
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Faculty of Medicine, School of Life Science, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nitta
- Bioanalysis Department, Medical Solution Segment, Advanced Technology Center, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Laboratory of DDS Design and Drug Disposition, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Centromere identity and function put to use: construction and transfer of mammalian artificial chromosomes to animal models. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:185-192. [PMID: 32501473 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs) are widely used as gene expression vectors and have various advantages over conventional expression vectors. We review and discuss breakthroughs in MAC construction, initiation of functional centromeres allowing their faithful inheritance, and transfer from cell culture to animal model systems. These advances have contributed to advancements in synthetic biology, biomedical research, and applications in industry and in the clinic.
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13
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Ohta Y, Kazuki K, Abe S, Oshimura M, Kobayashi K, Kazuki Y. Development of Caco-2 cells expressing four CYPs via a mammalian artificial chromosome. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:44. [PMID: 32819341 PMCID: PMC7441628 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral administration is the most common way to deliver drugs to the systemic circulation or target organs. Orally administered drugs are absorbed in the intestine and metabolized in the intestine and liver. In the early stages of drug development, it is important to predict first-pass metabolism accurately to select candidate drugs with high bioavailability. The Caco-2 cell line derived from colorectal cancer is widely used as an intestinal model to assess drug membrane permeability. However, because the expression of major drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), is extremely low in Caco-2 cells, it is difficult to predict intestinal metabolism, which is a significant factor in predicting oral drug bioavailability. Previously, we constructed a mouse artificial chromosome vector carrying the CYP (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) (4CYPs-MAC) genes and increased CYP expression and metabolic activity in HepG2 cells via transfer of this vector. Results In the current study, to improve the Caco-2 cell assay model by taking metabolism into account, we attempted to increase CYP expression by transferring the 4CYPs-MAC into Caco-2 cells. The Caco-2 cells carrying the 4CYPs-MAC showed higher CYP mRNA expression and activity. In addition, high metabolic activity, availability for permeation test, and the potential to assess drug–drug interactions were confirmed. Conclusions The established Caco-2 cells with the 4CYPs-MAC are expected to enable more accurate prediction of the absorption and metabolism in the human intestine than parental Caco-2 cells. The mammalian artificial chromosome vector system would provide useful models for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Ohta
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Division of Genome and Cellular Functions, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Life Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan. .,Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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14
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Moriwaki T, Abe S, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Transchromosomic technology for genomically humanized animals. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111914. [PMID: 32142854 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
"Genomically" humanized animals are invaluable tools for generating human disease models and for biomedical research. Humanized animal models have generally been developed via conventional transgenic technologies; however, conventional gene delivery vectors such as viruses, plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, P1 phase-derived artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes have limitations for transgenic animal creation as their loading gene capacity is restricted, and the expression of transgenes is unstable. Transchromosomic (Tc) techniques using mammalian artificial chromosomes, including human chromosome fragments, human artificial chromosomes, and mouse artificial chromosomes, have overcome these limitations. These tools can carry multiple genes or Mb-sized genomic loci and their associated regulatory elements, which has facilitated the creation of more useful and complex transgenic models for human disease, drug development, and humanized animal research. This review describes the history of Tc animal development, the applications of Tc animals, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Moriwaki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Trans Chromosomics, Inc., 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan; Chromosome Engineering Research Center (CERC), Tottori University, 86 Nishi-cho, Yonago, Tottori, 683-8503, Japan.
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15
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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16
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Kouprina N, Larionov V. TAR Cloning: Perspectives for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Biotechnology. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 14:16-26. [PMID: 31276008 PMCID: PMC6586605 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Completion of the human genome sequence and recent advances in engineering technologies have enabled an unprecedented level of understanding of DNA variations and their contribution to human diseases and cellular functions. However, in some cases, long-read sequencing technologies do not allow determination of the genomic region carrying a specific mutation (e.g., a mutation located in large segmental duplications). Transformation-associated recombination (TAR) cloning allows selective, most accurate, efficient, and rapid isolation of a given genomic fragment or a full-length gene from simple and complex genomes. Moreover, this method is the only way to simultaneously isolate the same genomic region from multiple individuals. As such, TAR technology is currently in a leading position to create a library of the individual genes that comprise the human genome and physically characterize the sites of chromosomal alterations (copy number variations [CNVs], inversions, translocations) in the human population, associated with the predisposition to different diseases, including cancer. It is our belief that such a library and analysis of the human genome will be of great importance to the growing field of gene therapy, new drug design methods, and genomic research. In this review, we detail the motivation for TAR cloning for human genome studies, biotechnology, and biomedicine, discuss the recent progress of some TAR-based projects, and describe how TAR technology in combination with HAC (human artificial chromosome)-based and CRISPR-based technologies may contribute in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalay Kouprina
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vladimir Larionov
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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17
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Yamasaki Y, Kobayashi K, Okuya F, Kajitani N, Kazuki K, Abe S, Takehara S, Ito S, Ogata S, Uemura T, Ohtsuki S, Minegishi G, Akita H, Chiba K, Oshimura M, Kazuki Y. Characterization of P-Glycoprotein Humanized Mice Generated by Chromosome Engineering Technology: Its Utility for Prediction of Drug Distribution to the Brain in Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:1756-1766. [PMID: 29777024 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene in humans and by the Mdr1a/1b genes in rodents, is expressed in numerous tissues and performs as an efflux pump to limit the distribution and absorption of many drugs. Owing to species differences of P-gp between humans and rodents, it is difficult to predict the impact of P-gp on pharmacokinetics and the tissue distribution of P-gp substrates in humans from the results of animal experiments. Therefore, we generated a novel P-gp humanized mouse model by using a mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vector [designated human MDR1-MAC (hMDR1-MAC) mice]. The results showed that hMDR1 mRNA was expressed in various tissues of hMDR1-MAC mice. Furthermore, the expression of human P-gp was detected in the brain capillary fraction and plasma membrane fraction of intestinal epithelial cells isolated from hMDR1-MAC mice, although the expression levels of intestinal P-gp were extremely low. Thus, we evaluated the function of human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier of hMDR1-MAC mice. The brain-to-plasma ratios of P-gp substrates in hMDR1-MAC mice were much lower than those in Mdr1a/1b-knockout mice, and the brain-to-plasma ratio of paclitaxel was significantly increased by pretreatment with a P-gp inhibitor in hMDR1-MAC mice. These results indicated that the hMDR1-MAC mice are the first P-gp humanized mice expressing functional human P-gp at the blood-brain barrier. This mouse is a promising model with which to evaluate species differences of P-gp between humans and mice in vivo and to estimate the brain distribution of drugs in humans while taking into account species differences of P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Fuka Okuya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Naoyo Kajitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kanako Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Satoshi Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shoko Takehara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Shingo Ito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Tatsuki Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Genki Minegishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Hidetaka Akita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Kan Chiba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Mitsuo Oshimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kazuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Y.Y., K.Ko., F.O., G.M., H.A., K.C.); Chromosome Engineering Research Center (N.K., K.Ka., S.A., S.T., M.O., Y.K.) and Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biofunction, Graduate School of Medical Science (Y.K.), Tottori University, Tottori, Japan; and Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan (S.I., S.Og., T.U., S.Oh.)
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18
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Jodat YA, Kang MG, Kiaee K, Kim GJ, Martinez AFH, Rosenkranz A, Bae H, Shin SR. Human-Derived Organ-on-a-Chip for Personalized Drug Development. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:5471-5486. [PMID: 30854951 PMCID: PMC6587585 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190308150055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To reduce the required capital and time investment in the development of new pharmaceutical agents, there is an urgent need for preclinical drug testing models that are predictive of drug response in human tissues or organs. Despite tremendous advancements and rigorous multistage screening of drug candidates involving computational models, traditional cell culture platforms, animal models and most recently humanized animals, there is still a large deficit in our ability to predict drug response in patient groups and overall attrition rates from phase 1 through phase 4 of clinical studies remain well above 90%. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms have proven potential in providing tremendous flexibility and robustness in drug screening and development by employing engineering techniques and materials. More importantly, in recent years, there is a clear upward trend in studies that utilize human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) to develop personalized tissue or organ models. Additionally, integrated multiple organs on the single chip with increasingly more sophisticated representation of absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) process are being utilized to better understand drug interaction mechanisms in the human body and thus showing great potential to better predict drug efficacy and safety. In this review, we summarize these advances, highlighting studies that took the next step to clinical trials and research areas with the utmost potential and discuss the role of the OOCs in the overall drug discovery process at a preclinical and clinical stage, as well as outline remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin A Jodat
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Min G Kang
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kiavash Kiaee
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 07030, United States
| | - Gyeong J Kim
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Angel F H Martinez
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
- ALPHA Medical Leadership Program, Anahuac University, School of Medicine, Mexico
| | - Aliza Rosenkranz
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
| | - Hojae Bae
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, KU Convergence Science and Technololgy Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Su R Shin
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States
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