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Bessho T. Up-Regulation of Non-Homologous End-Joining by MUC1. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:808. [PMID: 38927743 PMCID: PMC11203369 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapy with DNA-damaging drugs such as cisplatin are vital cancer treatment options. These treatments induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) as cytotoxic DNA damage; thus, the DSB repair activity in each cancer cell significantly influences the efficacy of the treatments. Pancreatic cancers are known to be resistant to these treatments, and the overexpression of MUC1, a member of the glycoprotein mucins, is associated with IR- and chemo-resistance. Therefore, we investigated the impact of MUC1 on DSB repair. This report examined the effect of the overexpression of MUC1 on homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) using cell-based DSB repair assays. In addition, the therapeutic potential of NHEJ inhibitors including HDAC inhibitors was also studied using pancreatic cancer cell lines. The MUC1-overexpression enhances NHEJ, while partially suppressing HR. Also, MUC1-overexpressed cancer cell lines are preferentially killed by a DNA-PK inhibitor and HDAC1/2 inhibitors. Altogether, MUC1 induces metabolic changes that create an imbalance between NHEJ and HR activities, and this imbalance can be a target for selective killing by HDAC inhibitors. This is a novel mechanism of MUC1-mediated IR-resistance and will form the basis for targeting MUC1-overexpressed pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadayoshi Bessho
- The Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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2
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Chou J, Kaller M, Jaeckel S, Rokavec M, Hermeking H. AP4 suppresses DNA damage, chromosomal instability and senescence via inducing MDC1/Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint 1 and repressing MIR22HG/miR-22-3p. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:120. [PMID: 35624466 PMCID: PMC9137087 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01581-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AP4 (TFAP4) encodes a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor and is a direct target gene of the oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC. Here, we set out to determine the relevance of AP4 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Methods A CRISPR/Cas9 approach was employed to generate AP4-deficient CRC cell lines with inducible expression of c-MYC. Colony formation, β-gal staining, immunofluorescence, comet and homologous recombination (HR) assays and RNA-Seq analysis were used to determine the effects of AP4 inactivation. qPCR and qChIP analyses was performed to validate differentially expressed AP4 targets. Expression data from CRC cohorts was subjected to bioinformatics analyses. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate AP4 targets in vivo. Ap4-deficient APCmin/+ mice were analyzed to determine conservation. Immunofluorescence, chromosome and micronuclei enumeration, MTT and colony formation assays were used to determine the effects of AP4 inactivation and target gene regulation on chromosomal instability (CIN) and drug sensitivity. Results Inactivation of AP4 in CRC cell lines resulted in increased spontaneous and c-MYC-induced DNA damage, chromosomal instability (CIN) and cellular senescence. AP4-deficient cells displayed increased expression of the long non-coding RNA MIR22HG, which encodes miR-22-3p and was directly repressed by AP4. Furthermore, Mediator of DNA damage Checkpoint 1 (MDC1), a central component of the DNA damage response and a known target of miR-22-3p, displayed decreased expression in AP4-deficient cells. Accordingly, MDC1 was directly induced by AP4 and indirectly by AP4-mediated repression of miR-22-3p. Adenomas and organoids from Ap4-deficient APCmin/+ mice displayed conservation of these regulations. Inhibition of miR-22-3p or ectopic MDC1 expression reversed the increased senescence, DNA damage, CIN and defective HR observed in AP4-deficient CRC cells. AP4-deficiency also sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU treatment, whereas ectopic AP4 conferred resistance to 5-FU in a miR-22-3p and MDC1-dependent manner. Conclusions In summary, AP4, miR-22-3p and MDC1 form a conserved and coherent, regulatory feed-forward loop to promote DNA repair, which suppresses DNA damage, senescence and CIN, and contributes to 5-FU resistance. These findings explain how elevated AP4 expression contributes to development and chemo-resistance of colorectal cancer after c-MYC activation. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01581-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiang Chou
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Kaller
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Jaeckel
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Matjaz Rokavec
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Hermeking
- Experimental and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Thalkirchner Strasse 36, 80337, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Munich, Munich, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Wang M, Chen S, Ao D. Targeting DNA repair pathway in cancer: Mechanisms and clinical application. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:654-691. [PMID: 34977872 PMCID: PMC8706759 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the growing understanding on DNA damage response (DDR) pathways has broadened the therapeutic landscape in oncology. It is becoming increasingly clear that the genomic instability of cells resulted from deficient DNA damage response contributes to the occurrence of cancer. One the other hand, these defects could also be exploited as a therapeutic opportunity, which is preferentially more deleterious in tumor cells than in normal cells. An expanding repertoire of DDR-targeting agents has rapidly expanded to inhibitors of multiple members involved in DDR pathways, including PARP, ATM, ATR, CHK1, WEE1, and DNA-PK. In this review, we sought to summarize the complex network of DNA repair machinery in cancer cells and discuss the underlying mechanism for the application of DDR inhibitors in cancer. With the past preclinical evidence and ongoing clinical trials, we also provide an overview of the history and current landscape of DDR inhibitors in cancer treatment, with special focus on the combination of DDR-targeted therapies with other cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manni Wang
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Siyuan Chen
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Danyi Ao
- Department of BiotherapyCancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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4
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Reuvers TGA, Kanaar R, Nonnekens J. DNA Damage-Inducing Anticancer Therapies: From Global to Precision Damage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2098. [PMID: 32731592 PMCID: PMC7463878 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage-inducing therapies are of tremendous value for cancer treatment and function by the direct or indirect formation of DNA lesions and subsequent inhibition of cellular proliferation. Of central importance in the cellular response to therapy-induced DNA damage is the DNA damage response (DDR), a protein network guiding both DNA damage repair and the induction of cancer-eradicating mechanisms such as apoptosis. A detailed understanding of DNA damage induction and the DDR has greatly improved our knowledge of the classical DNA damage-inducing therapies, radiotherapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy, and has paved the way for rational improvement of these treatments. Moreover, compounds targeting specific DDR proteins, selectively impairing DNA damage repair in cancer cells, form a promising novel therapy class that is now entering the clinic. In this review, we give an overview of the current state and ongoing developments, and discuss potential avenues for improvement for DNA damage-inducing therapies, with a central focus on the role of the DDR in therapy response, toxicity and resistance. Furthermore, we describe the relevance of using combination regimens containing DNA damage-inducing therapies and how they can be utilized to potentiate other anticancer strategies such as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom G. A. Reuvers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3561 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.G.A.R.); (R.K.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Office Jaarbeurs Innovation Mile (JIM), Jaarbeursplein 6, 3561 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Ito SS, Nakagawa Y, Matsubayashi M, Sakaguchi YM, Kobashigawa S, Matsui TK, Nanaura H, Nakanishi M, Kitayoshi F, Kikuchi S, Kajihara A, Tamaki S, Sugie K, Kashino G, Takahashi A, Hasegawa M, Mori E, Kirita T. Inhibition of the ATR kinase enhances 5-FU sensitivity independently of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12946-12961. [PMID: 32675286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is cytotoxic and often used to treat various cancers. 5-FU is thought to inhibit the enzyme thymidylate synthase, which plays a role in nucleotide synthesis and has been found to induce single- and double-strand DNA breaks. ATR Ser/Thr kinase (ATR) is a principal kinase in the DNA damage response and is activated in response to UV- and chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA replication stress, but its role in cellular responses to 5-FU is unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of ATR inhibition on 5-FU sensitivity of mammalian cells. Using immunoblotting, we found that 5-FU treatment dose-dependently induced the phosphorylation of ATR at the autophosphorylation site Thr-1989 and thereby activated its kinase. Administration of 5-FU with a specific ATR inhibitor remarkably decreased cell survival, compared with 5-FU treatment combined with other major DNA repair kinase inhibitors. Of note, the ATR inhibition enhanced induction of DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in 5-FU-treated cells. Using gene expression analysis, we found that 5-FU induced the activation of the intra-S cell-cycle checkpoint. Cells lacking BRCA2 were sensitive to 5-FU in the presence of ATR inhibitor. Moreover, ATR inhibition enhanced the efficacy of the 5-FU treatment, independently of the nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair pathways. These findings suggest that ATR could be a potential therapeutic target in 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro S Ito
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yosuke Nakagawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsubayashi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko M Sakaguchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shinko Kobashigawa
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Takeshi K Matsui
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Hitoki Nanaura
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan; Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Mari Nakanishi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Fumika Kitayoshi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Sotaro Kikuchi
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Atsuhisa Kajihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Tamaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Genro Kashino
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Masatoshi Hasegawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.
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6
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Ubhi T, Brown GW. Exploiting DNA Replication Stress for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1730-1739. [PMID: 30967400 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Complete and accurate DNA replication is fundamental to cellular proliferation and genome stability. Obstacles that delay, prevent, or terminate DNA replication cause the phenomena termed DNA replication stress. Cancer cells exhibit chronic replication stress due to the loss of proteins that protect or repair stressed replication forks and due to the continuous proliferative signaling, providing an exploitable therapeutic vulnerability in tumors. Here, we outline current and pending therapeutic approaches leveraging tumor-specific replication stress as a target, in addition to the challenges associated with such therapies. We discuss how replication stress modulates the cell-intrinsic innate immune response and highlight the integration of replication stress with immunotherapies. Together, exploiting replication stress for cancer treatment seems to be a promising strategy as it provides a selective means of eliminating tumors, and with continuous advances in our knowledge of the replication stress response and lessons learned from current therapies in use, we are moving toward honing the potential of targeting replication stress in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajinder Ubhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Chen C, Xue T, Fan P, Meng L, Wei J, Luo D. Cytotoxic activity of Shp2 inhibitor fumosorinone in human cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:10055-10062. [PMID: 29928374 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fumosorinone (Fumos) isolated from entomogenous fungi Isaria fumosorosea exhibited selective inhibition of Src homology phosphotyrosine phosphatase 2 inhibitor (Shp2) in our previous study. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fumos on cell cycle arrest, tumor cell migration and the in vitro antiproliferative activity of Fumos alone or in combination with the commonly used cytotoxic drugs 5-fluoracil (5-FU) and p38 inhibitor SB203580. Fumos exhibited cytotoxicity against selected human cancel lines, including HeLa, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cell lines. Fumos exerted selective cytotoxic effects on the human cell lines. Flow cytometric and DAPI assays showed that Fumos did not induce cell apoptosis, however it induced cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. Fumos inhibited cell migration though reducing the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at tyrosine (Tyr)861 and marginally increasing the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397, however, Fumos did not affect the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr576 or Tyr925. The present study also examined the combination effect of Fumos with other chemical agents, including 5-FU and p38 inhibitor SB203580. Fumos exhibited a marked synergistic effect with these agents, particularly with 5-FU. In conclusion, Fumos showed potential anticancer bioactivity, and the combination effect of Fumos with 5-FU or with p38 inhibitor offers a more effective anticancer strategy for carcinoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of The Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Tongdan Xue
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of The Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fan
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of The Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Meng
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of The Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
| | - Duqiang Luo
- College of Life Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of The Ministry of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071002, P.R. China
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8
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Kitao H, Iimori M, Kataoka Y, Wakasa T, Tokunaga E, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y. DNA replication stress and cancer chemotherapy. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:264-271. [PMID: 29168596 PMCID: PMC5797825 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is one of the fundamental biological processes in which dysregulation can cause genome instability. This instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer and confers genetic diversity during tumorigenesis. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have indicated that most tumors have experienced and overcome the stresses caused by the perturbation of DNA replication, which is also referred to as DNA replication stress (DRS). When we consider therapeutic approaches for tumors, it is important to exploit the differences in DRS between tumor and normal cells. In this review, we introduce the current understanding of DRS in tumors and discuss the underlying mechanism of cancer therapy from the aspect of DRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuki Kataoka
- Department of Molecular Cancer BiologyGraduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.TokushimaIbarakiJapan
| | - Takeshi Wakasa
- Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.TokushimaIbarakiJapan
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Breast OncologyNational Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer CenterFukuokaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and ScienceGraduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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9
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Peng C, Chen Z, Wang S, Wang HW, Qiu W, Zhao L, Xu R, Luo H, Chen Y, Chen D, You Y, Liu N, Wang H. The Error-Prone DNA Polymerase κ Promotes Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma through Rad17-Dependent Activation of ATR-Chk1 Signaling. Cancer Res 2016; 76:2340-53. [PMID: 26960975 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of drug resistance is a persistent clinical problem limiting the successful treatment of human cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). However, the molecular mechanisms by which initially chemoresponsive tumors develop therapeutic resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that Pol κ, an error-prone polymerase that participates in translesion DNA synthesis, was significantly upregulated in GBM cell lines and tumor tissues following temozolomide treatment. Overexpression of Pol κ in temozolomide-sensitive GBM cells conferred resistance to temozolomide, whereas its inhibition markedly sensitized resistant cells to temozolomide in vitro and in orthotopic xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, depletion of Pol κ disrupted homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair and restart of stalled replication forks, impaired the activation of ATR-Chk1 signaling, and delayed cell-cycle re-entry and progression. Further investigation of the relationship between Pol κ and temozolomide revealed that Pol κ inactivation facilitated temozolomide-induced Rad17 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, subsequently silencing ATR-Chk1 signaling and leading to defective HR repair and the reversal of temozolomide resistance. Moreover, overexpression of Rad17 in Pol κ-depleted GBM cells restored HR efficiency, promoted the clearance of temozolomide-induced DNA breaks, and desensitized cells to the cytotoxic effects of temozolomide observed in the absence of Pol κ. Finally, we found that Pol κ overexpression correlated with poor prognosis in GBM patients undergoing temozolomide therapy. Collectively, our findings identify a potential mechanism by which GBM cells develop resistance to temozolomide and suggest that targeting the DNA damage tolerance pathway may be beneficial for overcoming resistance. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2340-53. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjin Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Mouse Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Dan Chen
- Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG)
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG)
| | - Huibo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China. Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG).
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10
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Targeting the DNA replication checkpoint by pharmacologic inhibition of Chk1 kinase: a strategy to sensitize APC mutant colon cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. Oncotarget 2015; 5:9889-900. [PMID: 25301724 PMCID: PMC4259445 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first line component used in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy however even in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs recurrence is common. Mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene are considered as the initiating step of transformation in familial and sporadic CRCs. We have previously shown that APC regulates the cellular response to DNA replication stress and recently hypothesized that APC mutations might therefore influence 5-FU resistance. To test this, we compared CRC cell lines and show that those expressing truncated APC exhibit a limited response to 5-FU and arrest in G1/S-phase without undergoing lethal damage, unlike cells expressing wild-type APC. In SW480 APC-mutant CRC cells, 5-FU-dependent apoptosis was restored after transient expression of full length APC, indicating a direct link between APC and drug response. Furthermore, we could increase sensitivity of APC truncated cells to 5-FU by inactivating the Chk1 kinase using drug treatment or siRNA-mediated knockdown. Our findings identify mutant APC as a potential tumor biomarker of resistance to 5-FU, and importantly we show that APC-mutant CRC cells can be made more sensitive to 5-FU by use of Chk1 inhibitors.
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11
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Vy Tran AH, Hahm SH, Han SH, Chung JH, Park GT, Han YS. Functional interaction between hMYH and hTRADD in the TNF-α-mediated survival and death pathways of HeLa cells. Mutat Res 2015; 777:11-19. [PMID: 25912078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway is a classical immune system pathway that plays a key role in regulating cell survival and apoptosis. The TNF receptor-associated death domain (TRADD) protein is recruited to the death domain of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), where it interacts with TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and receptor-interacting protein (RIP) for the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation. In this study, we found that the human MutY homolog (hMYH) interacted with human TRADD (hTRADD) via the C-terminal domain of hMYH. Moreover, under conditions promoting TNF-α-induced cell death or survival in HeLa cells, this interaction was weakened or enhanced, respectively. The interaction between hMYH and hTRADD was important for signaling pathways mediated by TNF-α. Our results also suggested that the hTRADD-hMYH association was involved in the nuclear translocation of NFκB and formation of the TNFR1-TRADD complex. Thus, this study identified a novel mechanism through which the hMYH-hTRADD interaction may affect the TNF-α signaling pathway. IMPLICATIONS In HeLa cells, the hTRADD-hMYH interaction functioned in both cell survival and apoptosis pathways following TNF-α stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hue Vy Tran
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Hahm
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hee Han
- Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do 463-836, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ye Sun Han
- College of Global Integrated Studies, Division of Interdisciplinary Studies, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Matsuoka K, Iimori M, Niimi S, Tsukihara H, Watanabe S, Kiyonari S, Kiniwa M, Ando K, Tokunaga E, Saeki H, Oki E, Maehara Y, Kitao H. Trifluridine Induces p53-Dependent Sustained G2 Phase Arrest with Its Massive Misincorporation into DNA and Few DNA Strand Breaks. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 14:1004-13. [PMID: 25700705 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Trifluridine (FTD) is a key component of the novel oral antitumor drug TAS-102, which consists of FTD and a thymidine phosphorylase inhibitor. Like 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), a deoxynucleoside form of 5-fluorouracil metabolite, FTD is sequentially phosphorylated and not only inhibits thymidylate synthase activity, but is also incorporated into DNA. Although TAS-102 was effective for the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer in clinical trials, the mechanism of FTD-induced cytotoxicity is not completely understood. Here, we show that FTD as well as FdUrd induce transient phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser345, and that this is followed by accumulation of p53 and p21 proteins in p53-proficient human cancer cell lines. In particular, FTD induced p53-dependent sustained arrest at G2 phase, which was associated with a proteasome-dependent decrease in the Cyclin B1 protein level and the suppression of CCNB1 and CDK1 gene expression. In addition, a p53-dependent increase in p21 protein was associated with an FTD-induced decrease in Cyclin B1 protein. Although numerous ssDNA and dsDNA breaks were induced by FdUrd, few DNA strand breaks were detected in FTD-treated HCT-116 cells despite massive FTD misincorporation into genomic DNA, suggesting that the antiproliferative effect of FTD is not due to the induction of DNA strand breaks. These distinctive effects of FTD provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying its antitumor effect and may explain the clinical efficacy of TAS-102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Matsuoka
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Niimi
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsukihara
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sugiko Watanabe
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiyonari
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University; Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mamoru Kiniwa
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Ando
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Innovative Anticancer Strategy for Therapeutics and Diagnosis Group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan. Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan.
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13
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Thompson R, Eastman A. The cancer therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors: how mechanistic studies impact on clinical trial design. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 76:358-69. [PMID: 23593991 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many anticancer agents damage DNA and activate cell cycle checkpoints that permit time for the cells to repair their DNA and recover. These checkpoints have undergone intense investigation as potential therapeutic targets and Chk1 inhibitors have emerged as promising novel therapeutic agents. Chk1 was initially recognized as a regulator of the G2/M checkpoint, but has since been demonstrated to have additional roles in replication fork stability, replication origin firing and homologous recombination. Inhibition of these pathways can dramatically sensitize cells to some antimetabolites. Current clinical trials with Chk1 inhibitors are primarily focusing on their combination with gemcitabine. Here, we discuss the mechanisms of, and emerging uses for Chk1 inhibitors as single agents and in combination with antimetabolites. We also discuss the pharmacodynamic issues that need to be addressed in attaining maximum efficacy in vivo. Following administration of gemcitabine to mice and humans, tumour cells accumulate in S phase for at least 24 h before recovering. In addition, stalled replication forks evolve over time to become more Chk1 dependent. We emphasize the need to assess cell cycle perturbation and Chk1 dependence of tumours in patients administered gemcitabine. These assessments will define the optimum dose and schedule for administration of these drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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14
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Nakagawa Y, Kajihara A, Takahashi A, Kondo N, Mori E, Kirita T, Ohnishi T. The BRCA2 gene is a potential molecular target during 5-fluorouracil therapy in human oral cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2001-6. [PMID: 24627042 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in clinical cancer therapy. It is commonly used either alone or in combination with other drugs and/or radiation for head and neck, and other types of cancers. 5-FU induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Inhibition of the repair of 5-FU-induced DSBs may improve the therapeutic response in many tumors to this anticancer agent. The aim of the present study was to further our understanding of the pathways which are involved in the repair of 5-FU-induced DSBs. Cell survival after drug treatment was examined with colony forming assays using Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells or Chinese hamster ovary cell lines which are deficient in DSB repair pathways involving the homologous recombination repair-related genes BRCA2 and XRCC2, and the non-homologous end joining repair-related genes DNA-PKcs and Ku80. It was found that BRCA2 was involved in such repair, and may be effectively targeted to inhibit the repair of 5-FU-induced damage. Observations showed that knockdown of BRCA2 using small interference RNA suppression increased the sensitivity to 5-FU of human oral cancer cell lines (SAS and HSC3). These findings suggest that downregulation of BRCA2 may be useful for sensitizing tumor cells during 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Nakagawa
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Atsuhisa Kajihara
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371‑8511, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kondo
- Particle Radiation Oncology Research Center, Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-0494, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Mori
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Kirita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634‑8521, Japan
| | - Takeo Ohnishi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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15
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AOKI YOSHIRO, SAKOGAWA KENJI, HIHARA JUN, EMI MANABU, HAMAI YOICHI, KONO KAZUTERU, SHI LIN, SUN JIYING, KITAO HIROYUKI, IKURA TSUYOSHI, NIIDA HIROYUKI, NAKANISHI MAKOTO, OKADA MORIHITO, TASHIRO SATOSHI. Involvement of ribonucleotide reductase-M1 in 5-fluorouracil-induced DNA damage in esophageal cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1951-60. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Tuul M, Kitao H, Iimori M, Matsuoka K, Kiyonari S, Saeki H, Oki E, Morita M, Maehara Y. Rad9, Rad17, TopBP1 and claspin play essential roles in heat-induced activation of ATR kinase and heat tolerance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55361. [PMID: 23383325 PMCID: PMC3562228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is widely used to treat patients with cancer, especially in combination with other treatments such as radiation therapy. Heat treatment per se activates DNA damage responses mediated by the ATR-Chk1 and ATM-Chk2 pathways but it is not fully understood how these DNA damage responses are activated and affect heat tolerance. By performing a genetic analysis of human HeLa cells and chicken B lymphoma DT40 cells, we found that heat-induced Chk1 Ser345 phosphorylation by ATR was largely dependent on Rad9, Rad17, TopBP1 and Claspin. Activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway by heat, however, was not associated with FancD2 monoubiquitination or RPA32 phosphorylation, which are known as downstream events of ATR kinase activation when replication forks are stalled. Downregulation of ATR, Rad9, Rad17, TopBP1 or Claspin drastically reduced clonogenic cell viability upon hyperthermia, while gene knockout or inhibition of ATM kinase reduced clonogenic viability only modestly. Suppression of the ATR-Chk1 pathway activation enhanced heat-induced phosphorylation of Chk2 Thr68 and simultaneous inhibition of ATR and ATM kinases rendered severe heat cytotoxicity. These data indicate that essential factors for activation of the ATR-Chk1 pathway at stalled replication forks are also required for heat-induced activation of ATR kinase, which predominantly contributes to heat tolerance in a non-overlapping manner with ATM kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbold Tuul
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovative anticancer strategy for therapeutics and diagnosis group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Makoto Iimori
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matsuoka
- Innovative anticancer strategy for therapeutics and diagnosis group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Tokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kiyonari
- Innovative anticancer strategy for therapeutics and diagnosis group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saeki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiji Oki
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaru Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Innovative anticancer strategy for therapeutics and diagnosis group, Innovation Center for Medical Redox Navigation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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