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Li J, Liu T, Tang N, Lin S, Zhang F, Yuan W, Zhang T, Deng SH, Wu DM, Xu Y. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A inhibits pyroptosis to enhance human lung adenocarcinoma cell radioresistance by promoting DNA repair. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26975. [PMID: 38468925 PMCID: PMC10926078 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the best anticancer treatments available is radiotherapy, which can be used either alone or in conjunction with other forms of treatment including chemotherapy and surgery. Nevertheless, a number of biochemical and physiological processes that react to ionizing radiation might provide tumor cells radioresistance, which makes radiotherapy ineffective. It has been found that CDKN1A regulates DNA damage repair, which contributes to tumor radioresistance. However, the precise mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying CDKN1A-enhanced radioresistance in tumor cells. Methods Cells were irradiated with 4 Gy after CDKN1A overexpression or knockdown. CDKN1A expression was measured using real-time PCR, cell viability was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays, and cytotoxicity was assessed using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. Pyroptosis in cells was analyzed using caspase-1 activity assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry. Inflammation activation was detected through a co-immunoprecipitation assay. Activation of pyroptosis-related proteins was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Tumor radioresistance in vivo was evaluated in a mouse xenograft model. Results Radiotherapy upregulated CDKN1A expression, which promoted lung adenocarcinoma cell survival. CDKN1A influenced radiation-induced pyroptosis in A549, which mainly depended on inhibiting the activation of the AIM2 inflammasome by promoting DNA repair. Additionally, CDKN1A upregulation enhanced A549 xenograft tumor radioresistance by inhibiting radiation-induced pyroptosis in vivo. Conclusions CDKN1A inhibits pyroptosis to enhance the radioresistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells by promoting DNA repair. This study may serve as a reference for developing novel targeted therapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Teng Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Sheng Lin
- The First People's Hospital of Ziyang City, Ziyang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Shi-hua Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Dong-ming Wu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610500, PR China
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2
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S-phase arrest and apoptosis in human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cells via mitochondrial dependent pathway induced by tricyclohexylphosphine gold (I) n-mercaptobenzoate complexes. Life Sci 2022; 311:121161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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3
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Liu X, Liu H, Ye G, Xue M, Yu H, Feng C, Zhou Q, Liu X, Zhang L, Jiao S, Weng C, Huang L. African swine fever virus pE301R negatively regulates cGAS-STING signaling pathway by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of IRF3. Vet Microbiol 2022; 274:109556. [PMID: 36099692 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and lethal infectious disease of domestic pigs and wild boars by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). ASFV infects domestic pigs with the mortality rate approaching 100 % at acute stage of infection. The cGAS-STING-mediated antiviral responses are wildly accepted that cGAS acts as DNA sensor for sensing of viral DNA during DNA virus infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying negatively regulation of cGAS-STING signaling and type I IFN (IFN-I) production by ASFV proteins are not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrated that ASFV pE301R antagonize the activities of IFN-β-, NF-κB-, ISRE-luciferase (Luc) reporters-induced by cGAS-STING in a dose dependent manner. Consistent with these results, the mRNA levels of Ifnb1, Isg15, Isg56 are attenuated by ASFV pE301R. Furthermore, ASFV pE301R executes its inhibitory function at the downstream of IFN-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation. Mechanistically, pE301R interacts with IRF3 via its amino acid (aa) 1-200 region, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear translocation of IRF3 induced by cGAMP and poly(dA:dT). Overall, our findings reveal that pE301R acts as a negatively regulator to inhibit IFN-I production and to subvert host antiviral innate immunity during ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Guangqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Mengdi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Huibin Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06511, CT, USA
| | - Chunying Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Qiongqiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Shuang Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China.
| | - Li Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin 150069, China.
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4
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Ticli G, Cazzalini O, Stivala LA, Prosperi E. Revisiting the Function of p21CDKN1A in DNA Repair: The Influence of Protein Interactions and Stability. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137058. [PMID: 35806061 PMCID: PMC9267019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p21CDKN1A protein is an important player in the maintenance of genome stability through its function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, leading to cell-cycle arrest after genotoxic damage. In the DNA damage response, p21 interacts with specific proteins to integrate cell-cycle arrest with processes such as transcription, apoptosis, DNA repair, and cell motility. By associating with Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA), the master of DNA replication, p21 is able to inhibit DNA synthesis. However, to avoid conflicts with this process, p21 protein levels are finely regulated by pathways of proteasomal degradation during the S phase, and in all the phases of the cell cycle, after DNA damage. Several lines of evidence have indicated that p21 is required for the efficient repair of different types of genotoxic lesions and, more recently, that p21 regulates DNA replication fork speed. Therefore, whether p21 is an inhibitor, or rather a regulator, of DNA replication and repair needs to be re-evaluated in light of these findings. In this review, we will discuss the lines of evidence describing how p21 is involved in DNA repair and will focus on the influence of protein interactions and p21 stability on the efficiency of DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ticli
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ornella Cazzalini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (O.C.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Lucia A. Stivala
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (O.C.); (L.A.S.)
| | - Ennio Prosperi
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382-986267
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Wang Y, Yang L, Fan C, Mu H, Han M, Liu T, Xie L, Gao Q. miR-130b Expression Level Changes Promote Cervical Cancer Cell Proliferation But Inhibit its Apoptosis by Targeting CDKN1A Gene. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:153-168. [PMID: 35016595 PMCID: PMC9413419 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220111090715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dysregulation of miR-130b expression is associated with the development of different cancers. However, the description of the biological roles of miR-130b in the growth and survival of cervical cancer cells is limited. Methods:
The miR-130b levels in cervical cancer cells during different stages of growth were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The methylation level of DNA sequences upstream of the miR-130b gene was measured using an SYBR Green-based quantitative methylation-specific PCR. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and fluorescence report assays were used to identify the miR-130b-targeted gene. Cell counting kit-8 and comet assays were used to determine cell viability and DNA damage levels in cells, respectively. EdU Apopllo488 in vitro Flow Cytometry kit, propidium iodide staining, anti-γ-H2AX antibody staining, and Annexin-V apoptosis kit were subsequently used to determine DNA synthesis rates, cell cycle distribution, count of DNA double-strand breaks, and levels of apoptotic cells. Results:
miR-130b levels increased at exponential phases of the growth of cervical cancer cells but reduced at stationary phases. The methylation of a prominent CpG island near the transcript start site suppressed the miR-130b gene expression. MiR-130b increased cell viability, promoted both DNA synthesis and G1 to S phase transition of the cells at exponential phases, but reduced cell viability accompanied by accumulations of DNA breaks and augmentations in apoptosis rates of the cells in stationary phases by targeting cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A mRNA. Conclusion:
miR-130b promoted the growth of cervical cancer cells during the exponential phase, whereas it impaired the survival of cells during stationary phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Hospital of ITCWM Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Caihong Fan
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Mu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Munan Han
- First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- a; eKey Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Lili Xie
- The First Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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6
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Ang KP, Chan PF, Hamid RA. Induction of apoptosis on ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, A2780 by tricyclohexylphosphanegold (I) mercaptobenzoate derivatives via intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:833-853. [PMID: 34476610 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tricyclohexylphosphanegold(I) n-mercaptobenzoate (n = 2, 3, 4) labelled as 1-3 were previously reported to significantly suppress thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activities towards ovarian cancer cells, A2780, in vitro. Herein, we explored the role of 1-3 for their apoptosis inducing ability against A2780 cells. 1-3 exhibited IC50 values at 1.19 ± 0.03 µM, 2.28 ± 0.04 μM and 0.78 ± 0.01 μM, respectively, compared to cisplatin at 26.8 ± 0.15 µM. The compounds induced A2780 apoptosis via a caspase-dependent mitochondrion pathway as evidenced by ROS production, cytochrome c release, caspases-3/7, -8, -9 and -10 activation, APAF1 and BAX upregulation as well as BCL2A1 and BCL2 genes' downregulation. In addition, the death mode of 1-3 was also mediated via death receptor extrinsic pathway manifested by FAS, FASL, FADD, and TNFR1 genes' upregulation via Human Rt PCR analysis. In addition, 1-3 significantly caused A2780 arrest at S phase, which was associated with the upregulation of TP53, E2F1, RB1 and CDKN1A upregulation and downregulation of CDK1, CDK4, CDC25A and CDC25C genes. Based on these promising results, these phosphanegold(I) thiolate derivatives could act as feasible candidates for further advanced in vivo ovarian cancer studies to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from metal-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Pian Ang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pit Foong Chan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Roslida Abd Hamid
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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7
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Li TT, Zhu HB. LKB1 and cancer: The dual role of metabolic regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110872. [PMID: 33068936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is an essential serine/threonine kinase frequently associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). In this review, we provide an overview of the role of LKB1 in conferring protection to cancer cells against metabolic stress and promoting cancer cell survival and invasion. This carcinogenic effect contradicts the previous conclusion that LKB1 is a tumor suppressor gene. Here we try to explain the contradictory effect of LKB1 on cancer from a metabolic perspective. Upon deletion of LKB1, cancer cells experience increased energy as well as oxidative stress, thereby causing genomic instability. Meanwhile, mutated LKB1 cooperates with other metabolic regulatory genes to promote metabolic reprogramming that subsequently facilitates adaptation to strong metabolic stress, resulting in development of a more aggressive malignant phenotype. We aim to specifically discuss the contradictory role of LKB1 in cancer by reviewing the mechanism of LKB1 with an emphasis on metabolic stress and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
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8
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Huang S, Wang LL, Xue NN, Li C, Guo HH, Ren TK, Zhan Y, Li WB, Zhang J, Chen XG, Han YX, Zhang JL, Jiang JD. Chlorogenic acid effectively treats cancers through induction of cancer cell differentiation. Theranostics 2019; 9:6745-6763. [PMID: 31660066 PMCID: PMC6815948 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inducing cancer differentiation is a promising approach to treat cancer. Here, we identified chlorogenic acid (CA), a potential differentiation inducer, for cancer therapy, and elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying its differentiation-inducing effects on cancer cells. Methods: Cancer cell differentiation was investigated by measuring malignant behavior, including growth rate, invasion/migration, morphological change, maturation, and ATP production. Gene expression was analyzed by microarray analysis, qRT-PCR, and protein measurement, and molecular biology techniques were employed for mechanistic studies. LC/MS analysis was the method of choice for chemical detection. Finally, the anticancer effect of CA was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Results: Cancer cells treated with CA showed reduced proliferation rate, migration/invasion ability, and mitochondrial ATP production. Treating cancer cells with CA resulted in elevated SUMO1 expression through acting on its 3'UTR and stabilizing the mRNA. The increased SUMO1 caused c-Myc sumoylation, miR-17 family downregulation, and p21 upregulation leading to G0/G1 arrest and maturation phenotype. CA altered the expression of differentiation-related genes in cancer cells but not in normal cells. It inhibited hepatoma and lung cancer growth in tumor-bearing mice and prevented new tumor development in naïve mice. In glioma cells, CA increased expression of specific differentiation biomarkers Tuj1 and GFAP inducing differentiation and reducing sphere formation. The therapeutic efficacy of CA in glioma cells was comparable to that of temozolomide. CA was detectable both in the blood and brain when administered intraperitoneally in animals. Most importantly, CA was safe even at very high doses. Conclusion: CA might be a safe and effective differentiation-inducer for cancer therapy. “Educating” cancer cells to differentiate, rather than killing them, could be a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Igotti M, Gnedina O, Morshneva A, Svetlikova S, Pospelov V. p21Waf1 deficiency does not decrease DNA repair in E1A+cHa-Ras transformed cells by HDI sodium butyrate. Biol Chem 2018; 399:1297-1304. [PMID: 30044758 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore a role of p21Waf1 in γH2AX foci formation and DNA repair as assessed by a Host-Cell Reactivation Assay in wild-type (p21Waf+/+) and p21Waf1-deficient E1A+Ras-transformed cells. p21Waf1+/+ cells have low γH2AX background compared to p21Waf1-/- cells. The treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI) sodium butyrate (NaBut) causes to accumulation of γH2AX in p21Waf+/+ cells with little effect in p21Waf-/- cells. Moreover, NaBut inhibits DNA repair in wt cells but not in p21Waf1-/- cells. This could be explained by the weakening of GADD45 and PCNA proteins binding in NaBut-treated p21Waf1-expressing cells but not in p21Waf1-/- cells. We suggest that in wt-ERas cells NaBut activates both p21Waf1 expression and a release of p21Waf1 from the complexes with E1A that leads to suppression of DNA repair and promotes γH2AX persistency. The absence of p21Waf1 is by itself considered by the cell as stressful factor with formation of γH2AX. But the lack of p21Waf1 interferes with an inhibitory effect of NaBut to inhibit DNA repair and thereby to stop concomitant accumulation of harmful mutations. We conclude that p21Waf1 is directly involved in control of genome integrity and DNA repair acting through modulation of the components of the DNA repair machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Igotti
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretzky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Gnedina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretzky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alisa Morshneva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretzky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Svetlikova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretzky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery Pospelov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretzky av. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Kochan JA, Desclos EC, Bosch R, Meister L, Vriend LE, van Attikum H, Krawczyk PM. Meta-analysis of DNA double-strand break response kinetics. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:12625-12637. [PMID: 29182755 PMCID: PMC5728399 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most proteins involved in the DNA double-strand break response (DSBR) accumulate at the damage sites, where they perform functions related to damage signaling, chromatin remodeling and repair. Over the last two decades, studying the accumulation of many DSBR proteins provided information about their functionality and underlying mechanisms of action. However, comparison and systemic interpretation of these data is challenging due to their scattered nature and differing experimental approaches. Here, we extracted, analyzed and compared the available results describing accumulation of 79 DSBR proteins at sites of DNA damage, which can be further explored using Cumulus (http://www.dna-repair.live/cumulus/)-the accompanying interactive online application. Despite large inter-study variability, our analysis revealed that the accumulation of most proteins starts immediately after damage induction, occurs in parallel and peaks within 15-20 min. Various DSBR pathways are characterized by distinct accumulation kinetics with major non-homologous end joining proteins being generally faster than those involved in homologous recombination, and signaling and chromatin remodeling factors accumulating with varying speeds. Our meta-analysis provides, for the first time, comprehensive overview of the temporal organization of the DSBR in mammalian cells and could serve as a reference for future mechanistic studies of this complex process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub A. Kochan
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie C.B. Desclos
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Bosch
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luna Meister
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lianne E.M. Vriend
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Przemek M. Krawczyk
- Department of Medical Biology and Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Cancer Center Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Georgakilas AG, Martin OA, Bonner WM. p21: A Two-Faced Genome Guardian. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:310-319. [PMID: 28279624 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 338] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon DNA damage or other stressors, the tumor suppressor p53 is activated, leading to transient expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p21. This either triggers momentary G1 cell cycle arrest or leads to a chronic state of senescence or apoptosis, a form of genome guardianship. In the clinic, the presence of p21 has been considered an indicator of wildtype p53 activity. However, recent evidence suggests that p21 also acts as an oncogenic factor in a p53-deficient environment. Here, we discuss the controversial aspects of the two-faced involvement of p21 in cancer and speculate on how this new information may increase our understanding of its role in cancer pathogenesis. Prevailing notions indicate that p21 might also act as antiapoptotic agent, which may have relevant implications for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros G Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou 15780, Athens, Greece.
| | - Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan street, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - William M Bonner
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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12
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Assessing Cell Cycle Independent Function of the CDK Inhibitor p21(CDKN¹A) in DNA Repair. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1336:123-39. [PMID: 26231713 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2926-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21(CDKN1A) is a small protein that is able to regulate many important cell functions, often independently of its activity of CDK inhibitor. In addition to cell cycle, this protein regulates cell transcription, apoptosis, cell motility, and DNA repair. In particular, p21 may participate in different DNA repair processes, like the nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and double-strand breaks (DSB) repair, because of its ability to interact with DNA repair proteins, such as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a master regulator of many DNA transactions. Although this role has been debated for a long time, the influence of p21 in DNA repair has been now established. However, it remain to be clarified how this role is coupled to proteasomal degradation that has been shown to occur after DNA damage. This chapter describes procedures to study p21 protein recruitment to localized DNA damage sites in the cell nucleus. In particular, we describe a technique based on local irrradiation with UV light through a polycarbonate filter with micropores; an in situ lysis procedure to detect chromatin-bound proteins by immunofluorescence; a cell fractionation procedure to study chromatin association of p21 by Western blot analysis, and p21 protein-protein interactions by an immunoprecipitation assay.
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Waizenegger J, Lenze D, Luckert C, Seidel A, Lampen A, Hessel S. Dose-dependent induction of signaling pathways by the flavonoid quercetin in human primary hepatocytes: A transcriptomic study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1117-29. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Waizenegger
- Department of Food Safety; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens; Grosshansdorf Germany
| | - Dido Lenze
- Institute of Pathology; Charité - University Hospital Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Claudia Luckert
- Department of Food Safety; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical Institute for Environmental Carcinogens; Grosshansdorf Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department of Food Safety; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
| | - Stefanie Hessel
- Department of Food Safety; Federal Institute for Risk Assessment; Berlin Germany
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Biology of the cell cycle inhibitor p21CDKN1A: molecular mechanisms and relevance in chemical toxicology. Arch Toxicol 2014; 89:155-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Meyer B, Voss KO, Tobias F, Jakob B, Durante M, Taucher-Scholz G. Clustered DNA damage induces pan-nuclear H2AX phosphorylation mediated by ATM and DNA-PK. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:6109-18. [PMID: 23620287 PMCID: PMC3695524 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) are considered as the most deleterious DNA lesions, and their repair is further complicated by increasing damage complexity. However, the molecular effects of clustered lesions are yet not fully understood. As the locally restricted phosphorylation of H2AX to form γH2AX is a key step in facilitating efficient DSB repair, we investigated this process after localized induction of clustered damage by ionizing radiation. We show that in addition to foci at damaged sites, H2AX is also phosphorylated in undamaged chromatin over the whole-cell nucleus in human and rodent cells, but this is not related to apoptosis. This pan-nuclear γH2AX is mediated by the kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) that also phosphorylate H2AX at DSBs. The pan-nuclear response is dependent on the amount of DNA damage and is transient even under conditions of impaired DSB repair. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we found that MDC1, but not 53BP1, binds to the nuclear-wide γH2AX. Consequently, the accumulation of MDC1 at DSBs is reduced. Altogether, we show that a transient dose-dependent activation of the kinases occurring on complex DNA lesions leads to their nuclear-wide distribution and H2AX phosphorylation, yet without eliciting a full pan-nuclear DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Meyer
- Department of Biophysics, GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research, Planckstrasse 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
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