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Hou Y, Park JH, Dan X, Chu X, Yang B, Hussain M, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. RecQ dysfunction contributes to social and depressive-like behavior and affects aldolase activity in mice. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 180:106092. [PMID: 36948261 PMCID: PMC10106417 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RecQ helicase family proteins play vital roles in maintaining genome stability, including DNA replication, recombination, and DNA repair. In human cells, there are five RecQ helicases: RECQL1, Bloom syndrome (BLM), Werner syndrome (WRN), RECQL4, and RECQL5. Dysfunction or absence of RecQ proteins is associated with genetic disorders, tumorigenesis, premature aging, and neurodegeneration. The biochemical and biological roles of RecQ helicases are rather well established, however, there is no systematic study comparing the behavioral changes among various RecQ-deficient mice including consequences of exposure to DNA damage. Here, we investigated the effects of ionizing irradiation (IR) on three RecQ-deficient mouse models (RecQ1, WRN and RecQ4). We find abnormal cognitive behavior in RecQ-deficient mice in the absence of IR. Interestingly, RecQ dysfunction impairs social ability and induces depressive-like behavior in mice after a single exposure to IR, suggesting that RecQ proteins play roles in mood and cognition behavior. Further, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed significant alterations in RecQ-deficient mice, especially after IR exposure. In particular, pathways related to neuronal and microglial functions, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, and reactive oxygen responses were downregulated in the RecQ4 and WRN mice. In addition, increased DNA damage responses were found in RecQ-deficient mice. Notably, two genes, Aldolase Fructose-Bisphosphate B (Aldob) and NADPH Oxidase 4 (Nox4), were differentially expressed in RecQ-deficient mice. Our findings suggest that RecQ dysfunction contributes to social and depressive-like behaviors in mice, and that aldolase activity may be associated with these changes, representing a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Jae-Hyeon Park
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xiuli Dan
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Xixia Chu
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Beimeng Yang
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Deborah L Croteau
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Computational Biology & Genomics Core, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- DNA Repair Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; Danish Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark.
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2
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Miller DE, Lee L, Galey M, Kandhaya-Pillai R, Tischkowitz M, Amalnath D, Vithlani A, Yokote K, Kato H, Maezawa Y, Takada-Watanabe A, Takemoto M, Martin GM, Eichler EE, Hisama FM, Oshima J. Targeted long-read sequencing identifies missing pathogenic variants in unsolved Werner syndrome cases. J Med Genet 2022; 59:jmedgenet-2022-108485. [PMID: 35534204 PMCID: PMC9613861 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2022-108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome caused by variants in WRN. The International Registry of Werner Syndrome has identified biallelic pathogenic variants in 179/188 cases of classical WS. In the remaining nine cases, only one heterozygous pathogenic variant has been identified. METHODS Targeted long-read sequencing (T-LRS) on an Oxford Nanopore platform was used to search for a second pathogenic variant in WRN. Previously, T-LRS was successfully used to identify missing variants and analyse complex rearrangements. RESULTS We identified a second pathogenic variant in eight of nine unsolved WS cases. In five cases, T-LRS identified intronic splice variants that were confirmed by either RT-PCR or exon trapping to affect splicing; in one case, T-LRS identified a 339 kbp deletion, and in two cases, pathogenic missense variants. Phasing of long reads predicted all newly identified variants were on a different haplotype than the previously known variant. Finally, in one case, RT-PCR previously identified skipping of exon 20; however, T-LRS did not detect a pathogenic DNA sequence variant. CONCLUSION T-LRS is an effective method for identifying missing pathogenic variants. Although limitations with computational prediction algorithms can hinder the interpretation of variants, T-LRS is particularly effective in identifying intronic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny E Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lin Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miranda Galey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Renuka Kandhaya-Pillai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deepak Amalnath
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Avadh Vithlani
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Takada-Watanabe
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Otawara, Japan
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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3
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Studying Werner syndrome to elucidate mechanisms and therapeutics of human aging and age-related diseases. Biogerontology 2019; 20:255-269. [PMID: 30666569 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09798-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a natural and unavoidable part of life. However, aging is also the primary driver of the dominant human diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Unraveling the sophisticated molecular mechanisms of the human aging process may provide novel strategies to extend 'healthy aging' and the cure of human aging-related diseases. Werner syndrome (WS), is a heritable human premature aging disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the Werner (WRN) DNA helicase. As a classical premature aging disease, etiological exploration of WS can shed light on the mechanisms of normal human aging and facilitate the development of interventional strategies to improve healthspan. Here, we summarize the latest progress of the molecular understandings of WRN protein, highlight the advantages of using different WS model systems, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) systems. Further studies on WS will propel drug development for WS patients, and possibly also for normal age-related diseases.
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4
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Maezawa Y, Kato H, Takemoto M, Watanabe A, Koshizaka M, Ishikawa T, Sargolzaeiaval F, Kuzuya M, Wakabayashi H, Kusaka T, Yokote K, Oshima J. Biallelic WRN Mutations in Newly Identified Japanese Werner Syndrome Patients. Mol Syndromol 2018; 9:214-218. [PMID: 30140198 DOI: 10.1159/000489055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by systemic accelerated aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants of the WRN gene that encodes a nuclear helicase. In this report, we describe 4 newly identified WS cases among those referred to the Japanese Werner Consortium, Chiba University, Japan. All 4 cases were compound heterozygotes of the Japanese founder mutation, c.3139-1G>C, and a novel null pathogenic variant, c.1587G>A, c.2448+1G>A, or c.3233+1G>T, or an amino acid substitution variant, c.1720G>A, p.Gly574Arg. These 3 null pathogenic variants were not previously described. The p. Gly574Arg was previously reported in a European patient, and the identification of the second p. Gly574Arg case, with classical WS features, further confirmed the pathogenic nature of this variant. For the case with c.3233+1G>T, we determined the phase of 2 disease-causing mutations and demonstrated that they are on different chromosomes. This assay would be particularly important for those cases with ambiguous clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Hisaya Kato
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba.,Department of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Masaya Koshizaka
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | | | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | | | - Takashi Kusaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba.,Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Lebel M, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome (WRN) gene variants and their association with altered function and age-associated diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 41:82-97. [PMID: 29146545 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a heritable autosomal recessive human disorder characterized by the premature onset of several age-associated pathologies including cancer. The protein defective in WS patients, WRN, is encoded by a member of the human RECQ gene family that contains both a DNA exonuclease and a helicase domain. WRN has been shown to participate in several DNA metabolic pathways including DNA replication, recombination and repair, as well as telomere maintenance and transcription modulation. Here we review base pair-level genetic variation that has been documented in WRN, with an emphasis on non-synonymous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associations with anthropomorphic features, longevity and disease risk. These associations have been challenging to identify, as many reported WRN SNP associations appear to be further conditioned upon ethnic, age, gender or other environmental co-variables. The WRN variant phenotypic associations identified to date are intriguing, and several are of clear clinical import. Consequently, it will be important to extend these initial associations and to identify the mechanisms and conditions under which specific WRN variants may compromise WRN function to drive cellular and organismal phenotypes as well as disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lebel
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Pavillon CHUL Université Laval, Faculté de Médecine, Québec City, Québec, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Departments of Pathology and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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6
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Kamath-Loeb AS, Zavala-van Rankin DG, Flores-Morales J, Emond MJ, Sidorova JM, Carnevale A, Cárdenas-Cortés MDC, Norwood TH, Monnat RJ, Loeb LA, Mercado-Celis GE. Homozygosity for the WRN Helicase-Inactivating Variant, R834C, does not confer a Werner syndrome clinical phenotype. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44081. [PMID: 28276523 PMCID: PMC5343477 DOI: 10.1038/srep44081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the WRN helicase gene cause Werner syndrome- a progeroid syndrome with an elevated risk of cancer and other age-associated diseases. Large numbers of single nucleotide polymorphisms have been identified in WRN. We report here the organismal, cellular, and molecular phenotypes of variant rs3087425 (c. 2500C > T) that results in an arginine to cysteine substitution at residue 834 (R834C) and up to 90% reduction of WRN helicase activity. This variant is present at a high (5%) frequency in Mexico, where we identified 153 heterozygous and three homozygous individuals among 3,130 genotyped subjects. Family studies of probands identified ten additional TT homozygotes. Biochemical analysis of WRN protein purified from TT lymphoblast cell lines confirmed that the R834C substitution strongly and selectively reduces WRN helicase, but not exonuclease activity. Replication track analyses showed reduced replication fork progression in some homozygous cells following DNA replication stress. Among the thirteen TT homozygotes, we identified a previously unreported and statistically significant gender bias in favor of males (p = 0.0016), but none of the clinical findings associated with Werner syndrome. Our results indicate that WRN helicase activity alone is not rate-limiting for the development of clinical WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini S. Kamath-Loeb
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diego G. Zavala-van Rankin
- INMEGEN, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan Mèxico, D.F, C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Jeny Flores-Morales
- INMEGEN, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan Mèxico, D.F, C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Mary J. Emond
- Biostatistics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Julia M. Sidorova
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alessandra Carnevale
- INMEGEN, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan Mèxico, D.F, C.P. 14610, Mexico
| | - Maria del Carmen Cárdenas-Cortés
- National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan C.P.14000, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Thomas H. Norwood
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raymond J. Monnat
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Genome Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lawrence A. Loeb
- Departments of Pathology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Gabriela E. Mercado-Celis
- INMEGEN, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Periferico Sur No.4809, Col. Arenal Tepepan, Del. Tlalpan Mèxico, D.F, C.P. 14610, Mexico
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7
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Oshima J, Sidorova JM, Monnat RJ. Werner syndrome: Clinical features, pathogenesis and potential therapeutic interventions. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:105-114. [PMID: 26993153 PMCID: PMC5025328 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a prototypical segmental progeroid syndrome characterized by multiple features consistent with accelerated aging. It is caused by null mutations of the WRN gene, which encodes a member of the RECQ family of DNA helicases. A unique feature of the WRN helicase is the presence of an exonuclease domain in its N-terminal region. Biochemical and cell biological studies during the past decade have demonstrated involvements of the WRN protein in multiple DNA transactions, including DNA repair, recombination, replication and transcription. A role of the WRN protein in telomere maintenance could explain many of the WS phenotypes. Recent discoveries of new progeroid loci found in atypical Werner cases continue to support the concept of genomic instability as a major mechanism of biological aging. Based on these biological insights, efforts are underway to develop therapeutic interventions for WS and related progeroid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Julia M Sidorova
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Raymond J Monnat
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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8
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Yokote K, Chanprasert S, Lee L, Eirich K, Takemoto M, Watanabe A, Koizumi N, Lessel D, Mori T, Hisama FM, Ladd PD, Angle B, Baris H, Cefle K, Palanduz S, Ozturk S, Chateau A, Deguchi K, Easwar TKM, Federico A, Fox A, Grebe TA, Hay B, Nampoothiri S, Seiter K, Streeten E, Piña-Aguilar RE, Poke G, Poot M, Posmyk R, Martin GM, Kubisch C, Schindler D, Oshima J. WRN Mutation Update: Mutation Spectrum, Patient Registries, and Translational Prospects. Hum Mutat 2016; 38:7-15. [PMID: 27667302 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a constellation of adult onset phenotypes consistent with an acceleration of intrinsic biological aging. It is caused by pathogenic variants in the WRN gene, which encodes a multifunctional nuclear protein with exonuclease and helicase activities. WRN protein is thought to be involved in optimization of various aspects of DNA metabolism, including DNA repair, recombination, replication, and transcription. In this update, we summarize a total of 83 different WRN mutations, including eight previously unpublished mutations identified by the International Registry of Werner Syndrome (Seattle, WA) and the Japanese Werner Consortium (Chiba, Japan), as well as 75 mutations already reported in the literature. The Seattle International Registry recruits patients from all over the world to investigate genetic causes of a wide variety of progeroid syndromes in order to contribute to the knowledge of basic mechanisms of human aging. Given the unusually high prevalence of WS patients and heterozygous carriers in Japan, the major goal of the Japanese Consortium is to develop effective therapies and to establish management guidelines for WS patients in Japan and elsewhere. This review will also discuss potential translational approaches to this disorder, including those currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Sirisak Chanprasert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lin Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Katharina Eirich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Aki Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoko Koizumi
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Davor Lessel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Takayasu Mori
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fuki M Hisama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paula D Ladd
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brad Angle
- Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and Advocate Children's Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
| | - Hagit Baris
- The Genetics Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus and Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kivanc Cefle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Palanduz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Sukru Ozturk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - Antoinette Chateau
- Department of Dermatology, Greys Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Kentaro Deguchi
- Department of Neurology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Antonio Federico
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, Unit Clinical Neurology and Neurometabolic Diseases, Medical School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Amy Fox
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Theresa A Grebe
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Beverly Hay
- Division of Genetics, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Sheela Nampoothiri
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Karen Seiter
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Hawthorne, New York
| | - Elizabeth Streeten
- Division of Genetics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gemma Poke
- Genetic Health Service NZ, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Martin Poot
- University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Renata Posmyk
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Podlaskie Medical Center, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Perinatology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - George M Martin
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christian Kubisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Junko Oshima
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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9
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Mori S, Zhou H. Implementation of personalized medicine for fracture risk assessment in osteoporosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16 Suppl 1:57-65. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Mori
- Center for the Promotion of Clinical Investigation; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
| | - Heying Zhou
- Center for the Promotion of Clinical Investigation; Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital; Tokyo Japan
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10
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Zhou H, Mori S, Tanaka M, Sawabe M, Arai T, Muramatsu M, Mieno MN, Shinkai S, Yamada Y, Miyachi M, Murakami H, Sanada K, Ito H. A missense single nucleotide polymorphism, V114I of the Werner syndrome gene, is associated with risk of osteoporosis and femoral fracture in the Japanese population. J Bone Miner Metab 2015; 33:694-700. [PMID: 25637295 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-014-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the human WRN gene and characterized by the early onset of normal aging symptoms. Given that patients with this disease exhibit osteoporosis, the present study aimed to determine whether the WRN gene contributes to the etiology of osteoporosis. A genetic association study of eight non-synonymous polymorphisms in the WRN gene and the incidence of femoral fracture was undertaken in 1,632 consecutive Japanese autopsies in which 140 patients had experienced the fracture during their lifetime. The results were validated in 251 unrelated postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis and 269 non-institutionalized, community-dwelling Japanese adults. A statistically significant association was observed between rs2230009 (c.340G > A)--which results in a Val to Ile substitution--and fracture risk; the incidence of femoral fracture increased dose-dependently with the number of A alleles (p = 0.0120). Femoral neck bone and whole bone densities were lower among postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and community-dwelling adults, respectively, if they were of the AG instead of the GG genotype. The results suggest that Japanese subjects bearing at least one A allele of rs2230009 of the WRN gene are at a significantly higher risk of femoral fracture, possibly due to decreased bone density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heying Zhou
- Center for Promotion of Clinical Investigation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Seijiro Mori
- Center for Promotion of Clinical Investigation, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, 35-2 Sakae, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Section of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Naka Mieno
- Department of Medical Informatics, Center for Information, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shoji Shinkai
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Yamada
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Health Promotion and Exercise, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Sanada
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kita, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideki Ito
- President, Local Independent Administrative Agency, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Differential and Concordant Roles for Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 and Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Regulating WRN and RECQL5 Activities. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3974-89. [PMID: 26391948 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00427-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase 1 (PARP1) catalyzes the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) of proteins, a posttranslational modification which forms the nucleic acid-like polymer PAR. PARP1 and PAR are integral players in the early DNA damage response, since PARylation orchestrates the recruitment of repair proteins to sites of damage. Human RecQ helicases are DNA unwinding proteins that are critical responders to DNA damage, but how their recruitment and activities are regulated by PARPs and PAR is poorly understood. Here we report that all human RecQ helicases interact with PAR noncovalently. Furthermore, we define the effects that PARP1, PARylated PARP1, and PAR have on RECQL5 and WRN, using both in vitro and in vivo assays. We show that PARylation is involved in the recruitment of RECQL5 and WRN to laser-induced DNA damage and that RECQL5 and WRN have differential responses to PARylated PARP1 and PAR. Furthermore, we show that the loss of RECQL5 or WRN resulted in increased sensitivity to PARP inhibition. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that PARP1 and PAR actively, and in some instances differentially, regulate the activities and cellular localization of RECQL5 and WRN, suggesting that PARylation acts as a fine-tuning mechanism to coordinate their functions in time and space during the genotoxic stress response.
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12
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Seco-Cervera M, Spis M, García-Giménez JL, Ibañez-Cabellos JS, Velázquez-Ledesma A, Esmorís I, Bañuls S, Pérez-Machado G, Pallardó FV. Oxidative stress and antioxidant response in fibroblasts from Werner and atypical Werner syndromes. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 6:231-45. [PMID: 24799429 PMCID: PMC4012939 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS, ICD-10 E34.8, ORPHA902) and Atypical Werner Syndrome (AWS, ICD-10 E34.8, ORPHA79474) are very rare inherited syndromes characterized by premature aging. While approximately 90% of WS individuals have any of a range of mutations in the WRN gene, there exists a clinical subgroup in which the mutation occurs in the LMNA/C gene in heterozygosity. Although both syndromes exhibit an age-related pleiotropic phenotype, AWS manifests the onset of the disease during childhood, while major symptoms in WS appear between the ages of 20 and 30. To study the molecular mechanisms of progeroid diseases provides a useful insight into the normal aging process. Main changes found were the decrease in Cu/Zn and Mn SOD activities in the three cell lines. In AWS, both mRNA SOD and protein levels were also decreased. Catalase and glutathione peroxidases decrease, mainly in AWS. Glutaredoxin (Grx) and thioredoxin (Trx) protein expression was lower in the three progeroid cell lines. Grx and Trx were subjected to post-transcriptional regulation, because protein expression was reduced although mRNA levels were not greatly affected in WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Seco-Cervera
- CIBERER. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Medicine School, University of Valencia, Valencia. Spain
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13
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Czerwińska J, Poznański J, Dębski J, Bukowy Z, Bohr VA, Tudek B, Speina E. Catalytic activities of Werner protein are affected by adduction with 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:11119-35. [PMID: 25170083 PMCID: PMC4176168 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a reactive α,β-unsaturated aldehyde generated during oxidative stress and subsequent peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Here, Werner protein (WRN) was identified as a novel target for modification by HNE. Werner syndrome arises through mutations in the WRN gene that encodes the RecQ DNA helicase which is critical for maintaining genomic stability. This hereditary disease is associated with chromosomal instability, premature aging and cancer predisposition. WRN appears to participate in the cellular response to oxidative stress and cells devoid of WRN display elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage. We demonstrated that helicase/ATPase and exonuclease activities of HNE-modified WRN protein were inhibited both in vitro and in immunocomplexes purified from the cell extracts. Sites of HNE adduction in human WRN were identified at Lys577, Cys727, His1290, Cys1367, Lys1371 and Lys1389. We applied in silico modeling of the helicase and RQC domains of WRN protein with HNE adducted to Lys577 and Cys727 and provided a potential mechanism of the observed deregulation of the protein catalytic activities. In light of the obtained results, we postulate that HNE adduction to WRN is a post-translational modification, which may affect WRN conformational stability and function, contributing to features and diseases associated with premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Czerwińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jarosław Poznański
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Bukowy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vilhelm A Bohr
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Speina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Iida M, Banno K, Yanokura M, Nakamura K, Adachi M, Nogami Y, Umene K, Masuda K, Kisu I, Iwata T, Tanaka K, Aoki D. Candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment: Potential for clinical practice (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2014; 2:647-655. [PMID: 25054026 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2014.324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks high among the causes of female cancer mortalities and is an important disease in developing and developed countries. Current diagnosis of cervical cancer depends on colposcopy, pathological diagnosis and preoperative diagnosis using methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Advanced cervical cancer has a poor prognosis. The tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma is conventionally used for screening, but recent studies have revealed the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the factors associated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer. These include epigenetic biomarkers, with the methylation level of the checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger gene being potentially useful for predicting the malignancy of cervical cancer and sensitivity to treatment with paclitaxel. The extent of methylation of the Werner DNA helicase gene is also useful for determining sensitivity to an anticancer agent, CPT-11. In addition to epigenetic changes, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit, epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 have been reported as possible biomarkers in cervical cancer. Novel prognostic factors, including angiogenic factors, fragile histidine triad, thymidylate synthase, glucose-related protein 58 and mucin antigens, have also been described, and hemoglobin and platelets may also be significant prognostic biomarkers. Utilization of these biomarkers may facilitate personalized treatment and improved outcomes in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Iida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Banno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Megumi Yanokura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kanako Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuya Nogami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Umene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kenta Masuda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Iori Kisu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takashi Iwata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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15
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Oshima J, Hisama FM. Search and insights into novel genetic alterations leading to classical and atypical Werner syndrome. Gerontology 2014; 60:239-46. [PMID: 24401204 DOI: 10.1159/000356030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Segmental progeroid syndromes are a group of disorders with multiple features resembling accelerated aging. Adult-onset Werner syndrome (WS) and childhood-onset Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome are the best known examples. The discovery of genes responsible for such syndromes has facilitated our understanding of the basic mechanisms of aging as well as the pathogenesis of other common, age-related diseases. Our International Registry of Werner Syndrome accesses progeroid pedigrees from all over the world, including those for whom we have ruled out a mutation at the WRN locus. Cases without WRN mutations are operationally categorized as 'atypical WS' (AWS). In 2003, we identified LMNA mutations among a subset of AWS cases using a candidate gene approach. As of 2013, the Registry has 142 WS patients with WRN mutations, 11 AWS patients with LMNA mutations, and 49 AWS patients that have neither WRN nor LMNA mutations. Efforts are underway to identify the responsible genes for AWS with unknown genetic causes. While WS and AWS are rare disorders, the causative genes have been shown to have much wider implications for cancer, cardiovascular disease and the biology of aging. Remarkably, centenarian studies revealed WRN and LMNA polymorphic variants among those who have escaped various geriatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Oshima
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash., USA
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