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LIU R, LI M, HU Z, SONG Z, CHEN J. [Research Advances of RAD51AP1 in Tumor Progression and Drug Resistance]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2023; 26:701-708. [PMID: 37985156 PMCID: PMC10600754 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2023.102.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The genomic instability may lead to an initiation of cancer in many organisms. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) is vital in maintaining cellular genomic stability. RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1), which plays a crucial role in HRR and primarily participates in forming D-loop, was reported as an essential protein for maintaining cellular genomic stability. However, recent studies showed that RAD51AP1 was significantly overexpressed in various cancer types and correlated with poor prognosis. These results suggested that RAD51AP1 may play a significant pro-cancer effect in multiple cancers. The underlying mechanism is still unclear. Cancer stemness-maintaining effects of RAD51AP1 might be considered as the most reliable mechanism. Meanwhile, RAD51AP1 also promoted resistance to radiation therapy and chemotherapy in many cancers. Thus, researches focused on RAD51AP1, and its regulatory molecules may provide new targets for overcoming cancer progression and treatment resistance. Here, we reviewed the latest research on RAD51AP1 in cancers and summarized its differential expression and prognostic implications. In this review, we also outlined the potential mechanisms of its pro-cancer and drug resistance-promoting effects to provide several potential directions for further research.
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Göder A, Quinlan A, Rainey MD, Bennett D, Shamavu D, Corso J, Santocanale C. PTBP1 enforces ATR-CHK1 signaling determining the potency of CDC7 inhibitors. iScience 2023; 26:106951. [PMID: 37378325 PMCID: PMC10291475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CDC7 kinase is crucial for DNA replication initiation and fork processing. CDC7 inhibition mildly activates the ATR pathway, which further limits origin firing; however, to date the relationship between CDC7 and ATR remains controversial. We show that CDC7 and ATR inhibitors are either synergistic or antagonistic depending on the degree of inhibition of each individual kinase. We find that Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1 (PTBP1) is important for ATR activity in response to CDC7 inhibition and genotoxic agents. Compromised PTBP1 expression makes cells defective in RPA recruitment, genomically unstable, and resistant to CDC7 inhibitors. PTBP1 deficiency affects the expression and splicing of many genes indicating a multifactorial impact on drug response. We find that an exon skipping event in RAD51AP1 contributes to checkpoint deficiency in PTBP1-deficient cells. These results identify PTBP1 as a key factor in replication stress response and define how ATR activity modulates the activity of CDC7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Göder
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Aisling Quinlan
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Michael D. Rainey
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Declan Bennett
- School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Daniel Shamavu
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline Corso
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
| | - Corrado Santocanale
- Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway H91W2TY, Ireland
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3
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Hu YY, Ma CC, Ai KX. Knockdown of RAD51AP1 suppressed cell proliferation and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:101. [PMID: 36197550 PMCID: PMC9535060 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) being the main histological subtype. This study aimed to identify potential hub gene associated with the pathophysiology of ESCC through bioinformatics analysis and experiment validation. METHODS Three microarray datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed by GEO2R tool. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of DEGs. Nine hub genes were identified using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software. We selected RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) for further research because of its poor prognosis and it has not been sufficiently studied in ESCC. The effects of RAD51AP1 on proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of ESCC cells were determined by in vitro functional assays. RESULTS RAD51AP1 expression was significantly upregulated in ESCC tissues compared with normal tissues by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. High expression of RAD51AP1 was associated with worse survival in ESCC patients. RAD51AP1 expression was positively associated with the enrichment of Th2 cells and T helper cells. Furthermore, CCK-8 and colony formation assays showed knockdown of RAD51AP1 inhibited the proliferation of ESCC cells. Flow cytometry analysis indicated knockdown of RAD51AP1 induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in ESCC cells. Transwell assay revealed knockdown of RAD51AP1 suppressed the migration and invasion of ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Finally, our results demonstrated that RAD51AP1 silencing significantly inhibited cell proliferation and invasion in ESCC, thereby highlighting its potential as a novel target for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chen-Chao Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kai-Xing Ai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No.507, Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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4
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Selemenakis P, Sharma N, Uhrig ME, Katz J, Kwon Y, Sung P, Wiese C. RAD51AP1 and RAD54L Can Underpin Two Distinct RAD51-Dependent Routes of DNA Damage Repair via Homologous Recombination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866601. [PMID: 35652094 PMCID: PMC9149245 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination DNA repair (HR) is a complex DNA damage repair pathway and an attractive target of inhibition in anti-cancer therapy. To help guide the development of efficient HR inhibitors, it is critical to identify compensatory HR sub-pathways. In this study, we describe a novel synthetic interaction between RAD51AP1 and RAD54L, two structurally unrelated proteins that function downstream of the RAD51 recombinase in HR. We show that concomitant deletion of RAD51AP1 and RAD54L further sensitizes human cancer cell lines to treatment with olaparib, a Poly (adenosine 5′-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, to the DNA inter-strand crosslinking agent mitomycin C, and to hydroxyurea, which induces DNA replication stress. We also show that the RAD54L paralog RAD54B compensates for RAD54L deficiency, although, surprisingly, less extensively than RAD51AP1. These results, for the first time, delineate RAD51AP1- and RAD54L-dependent sub-pathways and will guide the development of inhibitors that target HR stimulators of strand invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Platon Selemenakis
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Mollie E Uhrig
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Jeffrey Katz
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Youngho Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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5
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Wang H, Dong H, Qiao L, Wu Y, Wu B, Jin X. ZEB1 induces non-small cell lung cancer development by targeting microRNA-320a to increase the expression of RAD51AP1. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112687. [PMID: 34097859 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer worldwide, with its mortality rate reported to be in millions annually; one of the two subtypes is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated the interactions and expressions of zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), microRNA-320a (miR-320a) and RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) in NSCLC tissues to determine the roles of ZEB1 in regulation of miR-320a and RAD51AP1 in the development and metastasis of NSCLC. First, the expression levels of miR-320a and ZEB1 were quantified in NSCLC tissues and cells. Transfection assay was conducted to identify the effects of miR-320a on the progression of NSCLC cells. The interaction of miR-320a with ZEB1 and RAD51AP1 was predicted and verified using dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Finally, subcutaneous xenograft tumors of 6-week mice and metastatic model tumors of 8-week mice were established to further explore the in vivo effect of miR-320a/ZEB1/RAD51AP1 on NSCLC. The findings revealed a lower expression of miR-320a in NSCLC tissues and cells, while this result was reversed regarding ZEB1 expression. ZEB1 suppressed miR-320a expression and upregulation of miR-320a resulted in the reduction of proliferation, invasion and metastasis rate of NSCLC cells, and promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis. ZEB1 promoted the expression of RAD51AP1 via inhibition of miR-320a, promoting tumor growth in vivo. ZEB1 transcriptionally inhibited the expression of miR-320a and upregulated the expression of RAD51AP1, thereby promoting metastasis in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Wang
- The First Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Hui Dong
- Management Center of Scientific Research Equipment, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Lijiao Qiao
- The Second Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- The First Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- The Second Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China
| | - Xiangming Jin
- The First Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, PR China.
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6
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Bridges AE, Ramachandran S, Tamizhmani K, Parwal U, Lester A, Rajpurohit P, Morera DS, Hasanali SL, Arjunan P, Jedeja RN, Patel N, Martin PM, Korkaya H, Singh N, Manicassamy S, Prasad PD, Lokeshwar VB, Lokeshwar BL, Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M. RAD51AP1 Loss Attenuates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell Renewal and Sensitizes to Chemotherapy. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1486-1497. [PMID: 34099522 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage, induced by either chemical carcinogens or environmental pollutants, plays an important role in the initiation of colorectal cancer. DNA repair processes, however, are involved in both protecting against cancer formation, and also contributing to cancer development, by ensuring genomic integrity and promoting the efficient DNA repair in tumor cells, respectively. Although DNA repair pathways have been well exploited in the treatment of breast and ovarian cancers, the role of DNA repair processes and their therapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer is yet to be appreciably explored. To understand the role of DNA repair, especially homologous recombination (HR), in chemical carcinogen-induced colorectal cancer growth, we unraveled the role of RAD51AP1 (RAD51-associated protein 1), a protein involved in HR, in genotoxic carcinogen (azoxymethane, AOM)-induced colorectal cancer. Although AOM treatment alone significantly increased RAD51AP1 expression, the combination of AOM and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment dramatically increased by several folds. RAD51AP1 expression is found in mouse colonic crypt and proliferating cells. RAD51AP1 expression is significantly increased in majority of human colorectal cancer tissues, including BRAF/KRAS mutant colorectal cancer, and associated with reduced treatment response and poor prognosis. Rad51ap1-deficient mice were protected against AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer. These observations were recapitulated in a genetically engineered mouse model of colorectal cancer (ApcMin /+ ). Furthermore, chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer is associated with increased RAD51AP1 expression. This phenomenon is associated with reduced cell proliferation and colorectal cancer stem cell (CRCSC) self-renewal. Overall, our studies provide evidence that RAD51AP1 could be a novel diagnostic marker for colorectal cancer and a potential therapeutic target for colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. IMPLICATIONS: This study provides first in vivo evidence that RAD51AP1 plays a critical role in colorectal cancer growth and drug resistance by regulating CRCSC self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Kavin Tamizhmani
- Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Utkarsh Parwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne Lester
- Department of Undergraduate Health Professions, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daley S Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sarrah L Hasanali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pachiappan Arjunan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Periodontics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ravirajsinh N Jedeja
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pamela M Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Opthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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7
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Pires E, Sharma N, Selemenakis P, Wu B, Huang Y, Alimbetov DS, Zhao W, Wiese C. RAD51AP1 mediates RAD51 activity through nucleosome interaction. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100844. [PMID: 34058198 PMCID: PMC8233230 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) is a key protein in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. Loss of RAD51AP1 leads to defective HR, genome instability, and telomere erosion. RAD51AP1 physically interacts with the RAD51 recombinase and promotes RAD51-mediated capture of donor DNA, synaptic complex assembly, and displacement-loop formation when tested with nucleosome-free DNA substrates. In cells, however, DNA is packaged into chromatin, posing an additional barrier to the complexities of the HR reaction. In this study, we show that RAD51AP1 binds to nucleosome core particles (NCPs), the minimum basic unit of chromatin in which approximately two superhelical turns of 147 bp double-stranded DNA are wrapped around one histone octamer with no free DNA ends remaining. We identified a C-terminal region in RAD51AP1, including its previously mapped DNA-binding domain, as critical for mediating the association between RAD51AP1 and both the NCP and the histone octamer. Using in vitro surrogate assays of HR activity, we show that RAD51AP1 is capable of promoting duplex DNA capture and initiating joint-molecule formation with the NCP and chromatinized template DNA, respectively. Together, our results suggest that RAD51AP1 directly assists in the RAD51-mediated search for donor DNA in chromatin. We present a model, in which RAD51AP1 anchors the DNA template through affinity for its nucleosomes to the RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pires
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dauren S Alimbetov
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
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8
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Maranon DG, Sharma N, Huang Y, Selemenakis P, Wang M, Altina N, Zhao W, Wiese C. NUCKS1 promotes RAD54 activity in homologous recombination DNA repair. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:152064. [PMID: 32876692 PMCID: PMC7659731 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201911049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NUCKS1 (nuclear ubiquitous casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a chromatin-associated, vertebrate-specific, and multifunctional protein with a role in DNA damage signaling and repair. Previously, we have shown that NUCKS1 helps maintain homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair in human cells and functions as a tumor suppressor in mice. However, the mechanisms by which NUCKS1 positively impacts these processes had remained unclear. Here, we show that NUCKS1 physically and functionally interacts with the DNA motor protein RAD54. Upon exposure of human cells to DNA-damaging agents, NUCKS1 controls the resolution of RAD54 foci. In unperturbed cells, NUCKS1 prevents RAD54's inappropriate engagement with RAD51AP1. In vitro, NUCKS1 stimulates the ATPase activity of RAD54 and the RAD51-RAD54-mediated strand invasion step during displacement loop formation. Taken together, our data demonstrate that the NUCKS1 protein is an important new regulator of the spatiotemporal events in HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Maranon
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Platon Selemenakis
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Meiling Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Noelia Altina
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Rieckhoff J, Meyer F, Classen S, Zielinski A, Riepen B, Wikman H, Petersen C, Rothkamm K, Borgmann K, Parplys AC. Exploiting Chromosomal Instability of PTEN-Deficient Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lines for the Sensitization against PARP1 Inhibition in a Replication-Dependent Manner. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102809. [PMID: 33003585 PMCID: PMC7601067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poor prognosis of patients with TNBC have fostered a major effort to identify more patients who would benefit from targeted therapies. Here we recognize PTEN as a potential CIN-causing gene in TNBC and consider PTEN-deficient TNBC for the treatment with PARP1 inhibitors due to the protective role of PTEN during DNA replication. Abstract Chromosomal instability (CIN) is an emerging hallmark of cancer and its role in therapeutic responses has been increasingly attracting the attention of the research community. To target the vulnerability of tumors with high CIN, it is important to identify the genes and mechanisms involved in the maintenance of CIN. In our work, we recognize the tumor suppressor gene Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) as a potential gene causing CIN in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and show that TNBC with low expression levels of PTEN can be sensitized for the treatment with poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors, independent of Breast Cancer (BRCA) mutations or a BRCA-like phenotype. In silico analysis of mRNA expression data from 200 TNBC patients revealed low expression of PTEN in tumors with a high CIN70 score. Western blot analysis of TNBC cell lines confirm lower protein expression of PTEN compared to non TNBC cell lines. Further, PTEN-deficient cell lines showed cellular sensitivity towards PARP1 inhibition treatment. DNA fiber assays and examination of chromatin bound protein fractions indicate a protective role of PTEN at stalled replication forks. In this study, we recognize PTEN as a potential CIN-causing gene in TNBC and identify its important role in the replication processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Rieckhoff
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Felix Meyer
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Alexandra Zielinski
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Britta Riepen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radio Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Kai Rothkamm
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
| | - Ann Christin Parplys
- Laboratory of Radiobiology & Experimental Radio Oncology, Centre of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (J.R.); (F.M.); (S.C.); (A.Z.); (B.R.); (K.R.); (K.B.)
- Correspondence:
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10
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The Greatwall kinase safeguards the genome integrity by affecting the kinome activity in mitosis. Oncogene 2020; 39:6816-6840. [PMID: 32978522 PMCID: PMC7605441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Progression through mitosis is balanced by the timely regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events ensuring the correct segregation of chromosomes before cytokinesis. This balance is regulated by the opposing actions of CDK1 and PP2A, as well as the Greatwall kinase/MASTL. MASTL is commonly overexpressed in cancer, which makes it a potential therapeutic anticancer target. Loss of Mastl induces multiple chromosomal errors that lead to the accumulation of micronuclei and multilobulated cells in mitosis. Our analyses revealed that loss of Mastl leads to chromosome breaks and abnormalities impairing correct segregation. Phospho-proteomic data for Mastl knockout cells revealed alterations in proteins implicated in multiple processes during mitosis including double-strand DNA damage repair. In silico prediction of the kinases with affected activity unveiled NEK2 to be regulated in the absence of Mastl. We uncovered that, RAD51AP1, involved in regulation of homologous recombination, is phosphorylated by NEK2 and CDK1 but also efficiently dephosphorylated by PP2A/B55. Our results suggest that MastlKO disturbs the equilibrium of the mitotic phosphoproteome that leads to the disruption of DNA damage repair and triggers an accumulation of chromosome breaks even in noncancerous cells.
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11
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Bridges AE, Ramachandran S, Pathania R, Parwal U, Lester A, Rajpurohit P, Morera DS, Patel N, Singh N, Korkaya H, Manicassamy S, Prasad PD, Lokeshwar VB, Lokeshwar BL, Ganapathy V, Thangaraju M. RAD51AP1 Deficiency Reduces Tumor Growth by Targeting Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3855-3866. [PMID: 32665355 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1) plays an integral role in homologous recombination by activating RAD51 recombinase. Homologous recombination is essential for preserving genome integrity and RAD51AP1 is critical for D-loop formation, a key step in homologous recombination. Although RAD51AP1 is involved in maintaining genomic stability, recent studies have shown that RAD51AP1 expression is significantly upregulated in human cancers. However, the functional role of RAD51AP1 in tumor growth and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) by which RAD51AP1 regulates tumorigenesis have not been fully understood. Here, we use Rad51ap1-knockout mice in genetically engineered mouse models of breast cancer to unravel the role of RAD51AP1 in tumor growth and metastasis. RAD51AP1 gene transcript was increased in both luminal estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and basal triple-negative breast cancer, which is associated with poor prognosis. Conversely, knockdown of RAD51AP1 (RADP51AP1 KD) in breast cancer cell lines reduced tumor growth. Rad51ap1-deficient mice were protected from oncogene-driven spontaneous mouse mammary tumor growth and associated lung metastasis. In vivo, limiting dilution studies provided evidence that Rad51ap1 plays a critical role in breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) self-renewal. RAD51AP1 KD improved chemotherapy and radiotherapy response by inhibiting BCSC self-renewal and associated pluripotency. Overall, our study provides genetic and biochemical evidences that RAD51AP1 is critical for tumor growth and metastasis by increasing BCSC self-renewal and may serve as a novel target for chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-resistant breast cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides in vivo evidence that RAD51AP1 plays a critical role in breast cancer growth and metastasis by regulating breast cancer stem cell self-renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Bridges
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Rajneesh Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Utkarsh Parwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Adrienne Lester
- Depatment of Undergraduate Health Professions, College of Allied Health Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Daley S Morera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nagendra Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hasan Korkaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Santhakumar Manicassamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Puttur D Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vinata B Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. .,Georgia Cancer Center Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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12
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Re K, Patel S, Gandhi J, Suh Y, Reid I, Joshi G, Smith NL, Khan SA. Clinical utility of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in dentistry. Med Gas Res 2020; 9:93-100. [PMID: 31249258 PMCID: PMC6607863 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.260651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This fuller impact of the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy within dentistry is taking greater notice with newer research findings. There are new advancements in research regarding postradiotherapy cases, osteonecrosis of the jaw, osteomyelitis, periodontal disease, and dental implants. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can even be used in conjunction with other procedures such as bone grafting. Although the research and clinical utility has come a long way, there are several complications to be mindful of during the application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Re
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Shrey Patel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jason Gandhi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Medical Student Research Institute, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Yiji Suh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Inefta Reid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY, USA
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Stony Brook Southampton Hospital, Southampton, NY, USA
| | | | - Sardar Ali Khan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Department of Urology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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13
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Todd KV, Tripp RA. Vero Cells as a Mammalian Cell Substrate for Human Norovirus. Viruses 2020; 12:E439. [PMID: 32295124 PMCID: PMC7232407 DOI: 10.3390/v12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a principal cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Its global prevalence is underscored by more serious morbidity and some mortality in the young (<5 years) and the elderly. To date, there are no licensed vaccines or approved therapeutics for HuNoV, mostly because there are limited cell culture systems and small animal models available. Recently described cell culture systems are not ideal substrates for HuNoV vaccine development because they are not clonal or only support a single strain. In this study, we show Vero cell-based replication of two pandemic GII.4 HuNoV strains and one GII.3 strain and confirm exosome-mediated HuNoV infection in Vero cells. Lastly, we show that trypsin addition to virus cultures or disruption of Vero cell host genes can modestly increase HuNoV replication. These data provide support for Vero cells as a cell culture model for HuNoV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph A. Tripp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Zhuang L, Zhang Y, Meng Z, Yang Z. Oncogenic Roles of RAD51AP1 in Tumor Tissues Related to Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancer Control 2020; 27:1073274820977149. [PMID: 33269607 PMCID: PMC8480365 DOI: 10.1177/1073274820977149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the associations between RAD51AP1 and the outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS RAD51AP1 expression levels were compared in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. The Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA, Provisional) and GSE36376 datasets were used for survival analysis. RAD51AP1 associations with clinicopathological features were determined with the GSE36376 dataset. RESULTS RAD51AP1 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated in advanced liver fibrosis samples (S3-4 vs. S0-2 and G3-4 vs. G0-2) from hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver fibrosis patients and in tumor tissues and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from HCC patients (all P < 0.05). HCC patients with high RAD51AP1 expression had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than those with low RAD51AP1 expression (P = 0.0034 and P = 0.0012, respectively) in the TCGA dataset, and these findings were validated with the GSE36376 dataset (P = 0.0074 and P = 0.0003, respectively). A Cox regression model indicated that RAD51AP1 was a risk factor for OS and DFS in HCC patients in GSE36376 (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.02-2.32, P = 0.04 and HR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.22-2.39, P = 0.002, respectively). Moreover, RAD51AP1 mRNA expression increased gradually with increasing tumor stage, including stratification by American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stages, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages and Edmondson grades. In addition, RAD51AP1 was overexpressed in HCC patients with intrahepatic metastasis, major portal vein invasion, vascular invasion and/or an alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level > 300 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS Contributing to an advanced tumor stage, intrahepatic metastasis, vascular invasion and AFP level elevation, RAD51AP1 upregulation was significantly associated with OS and DFS in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhuang
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Zhiqiang Meng, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zongguo Yang
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zongguo Yang, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.
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15
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Chudasama D, Bo V, Hall M, Anikin V, Jeyaneethi J, Gregory J, Pados G, Tucker A, Harvey A, Pink R, Karteris E. Identification of cancer biomarkers of prognostic value using specific gene regulatory networks (GRN): a novel role of RAD51AP1 for ovarian and lung cancers. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:407-417. [PMID: 29126163 PMCID: PMC5862298 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, microarray analyses have led to the discovery of numerous individual ‘molecular signatures’ associated with specific cancers. However, there are serious limitations for the adoption of these multi-gene signatures in the clinical environment for diagnostic or prognostic testing as studies with more power need to be carried out. This may involve larger richer cohorts and more advanced analyses. In this study, we conduct analyses—based on gene regulatory network—to reveal distinct and common biomarkers across cancer types. Using microarray data of triple-negative and medullary breast, ovarian and lung cancers applied to a combination of glasso and Bayesian networks (BNs), we derived a unique network-containing genes that are uniquely involved: small proline-rich protein 1A (SPRR1A), follistatin like 1 (FSTL1), collagen type XII alpha 1 (COL12A1) and RAD51 associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1). RAD51AP1 and FSTL1 are significantly overexpressed in ovarian cancer patients but only RAD51AP1 is upregulated in lung cancer patients compared with healthy controls. The upregulation of RAD51AP1 was mirrored in the bloods of both ovarian and lung cancer patients, and Kaplan–Meier (KM) plots predicted poorer overall survival (OS) in patients with high expression of RAD51AP1. Suppression of RAD51AP1 by RNA interference reduced cell proliferation in vitro in ovarian (SKOV3) and lung (A549) cancer cells. This effect appears to be modulated by a decrease in the expression of mTOR-related genes and pro-metastatic candidate genes. Our data describe how an initial in silico approach can generate novel biomarkers that could potentially support current clinical practice and improve long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chudasama
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Valeria Bo
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Vladimir Anikin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, Harefield, UK
| | - Jeyarooban Jeyaneethi
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Jane Gregory
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Royal Brompton and Harefield Trust, Harefield, UK
| | - George Pados
- University of Thessaloniki Medical School, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Allan Tucker
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Amanda Harvey
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Ryan Pink
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
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16
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Pires E, Sung P, Wiese C. Role of RAD51AP1 in homologous recombination DNA repair and carcinogenesis. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:76-81. [PMID: 28963981 PMCID: PMC5643253 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Homologous recombination (HR) serves to repair DNA double-strand breaks and damaged replication forks and is essential for maintaining genome stability and tumor suppression. HR capacity also determines the efficacy of anticancer therapy. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand all HR proteins and sub-pathways. An emerging protein that is critical for RAD51-mediated HR is RAD51-associated protein 1 (RAD51AP1). Although much has been learned about its biochemical attributes, the precise molecular role of RAD51AP1 in the HR reaction is not yet fully understood. The available literature also suggests that RAD51AP1 expression may be relevant for cancer development and progression. Here, we review the efforts that led to the discovery of RAD51AP1 and elaborate on our current understanding of its biochemical profile and biological function. We also discuss how RAD51AP1 may help to promote cancer development and why it could potentially represent a promising new target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pires
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Cellular chromosomal DNA is the principal target through which ionising radiation exerts it diverse biological effects. This chapter summarises the relevant DNA damage signalling and repair pathways used by normal and tumour cells in response to irradiation. Strategies for tumour radiosensitisation are reviewed which exploit tumour-specific DNA repair deficiencies or signalling pathway addictions, with a special focus on growth factor signalling, PARP, cancer stem cells, cell cycle checkpoints and DNA replication. This chapter concludes with a discussion of DNA repair-related candidate biomarkers of tumour response which are of crucial importance for implementing precision medicine in radiation oncology.
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18
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PARP1 inhibition radiosensitizes HNSCC cells deficient in homologous recombination by disabling the DNA replication fork elongation response. Oncotarget 2016; 7:9732-41. [PMID: 26799421 PMCID: PMC4891080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need to develop new, more efficient therapies for head and neck cancer (HNSCC) patients. It is currently unclear whether defects in DNA repair genes play a role in HNSCCs' resistance to therapy. PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) were found to be “synthetic lethal” in cancers deficient in BRCA1/2 with impaired homologous recombination. Since tumors rarely have these particular mutations, there is considerable interest in finding alternative determinants of PARPi sensitivity. Effectiveness of combined irradiation and PARPi olaparib was evaluated in ten HNSCC cell lines, subdivided into HR-proficient and HR-deficient cell lines using a GFP-based reporter assay. Both groups were equally sensitive to PARPi alone. Combined treatment revealed stronger synergistic interactions in the HR-deficient group. Because HR is mainly active in S-Phase, replication processes were analyzed. A stronger impact of treatment on replication processes (p = 0.04) and an increased number of radial chromosomes (p = 0.003) were observed in the HR-deficient group. We could show that radiosensitization by inhibition of PARP1 strongly correlates with HR competence in a replication-dependent manner. Our observations indicate that PARP1 inhibitors are promising candidates for enhancing the therapeutic ratio achieved by radiotherapy via disabling DNA replication processes in HR-deficient HNSCCs.
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19
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Wagner SA, Oehler H, Voigt A, Dalic D, Freiwald A, Serve H, Beli P. ATR inhibition rewires cellular signaling networks induced by replication stress. Proteomics 2016; 16:402-16. [PMID: 26572502 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The slowing down or stalling of replication forks is commonly known as replication stress and arises from multiple causes such as DNA lesions, nucleotide depletion, RNA-DNA hybrids, and oncogene activation. The ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase (ATR) plays an essential role in the cellular response to replication stress and inhibition of ATR has emerged as therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancers that exhibit high levels of replication stress. However, the cellular signaling induced by replication stress and the substrate spectrum of ATR has not been systematically investigated. In this study, we employed quantitative MS-based proteomics to define the cellular signaling after nucleotide depletion-induced replication stress and replication fork collapse following ATR inhibition. We demonstrate that replication stress results in increased phosphorylation of a subset of proteins, many of which are involved in RNA splicing and transcription and have previously not been associated with the cellular replication stress response. Furthermore, our data reveal the ATR-dependent phosphorylation following replication stress and discover novel putative ATR target sites on MCM6, TOPBP1, RAD51AP1, and PSMD4. We establish that ATR inhibition rewires cellular signaling networks induced by replication stress and leads to the activation of the ATM-driven double-strand break repair signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Wagner
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannah Oehler
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Voigt
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Denis Dalic
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anja Freiwald
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Beli
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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20
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Cukras S, Lee E, Palumbo E, Benavidez P, Moldovan GL, Kee Y. The USP1-UAF1 complex interacts with RAD51AP1 to promote homologous recombination repair. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2636-2646. [PMID: 27463890 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1209613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
USP1 deubiquitinating enzyme and its stoichiometric binding partner UAF1 play an essential role in promoting DNA homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to various types of DNA damaging agents. Deubiquitination of FANCD2 may be attributed to the key role of USP1-UAF1 complex in regulating HR repair, however whether USP1-UAF1 promotes HR repair independently of FANCD2 deubiquitination is not known. Here we show evidence that the USP1-UAF1 complex has a FANCD2-independent function in promoting HR repair. Proteomic search of UAF1-interacting proteins revealed that UAF1 associates with RAD51AP1, a RAD51-interacting protein implicated in HR repair. We show that UAF1 mediates the interaction between USP1 and RAD51AP1, and that depletion of USP1 or UAF1 led to a decreased stability of RAD51AP1. Protein interaction mapping analysis identified some key residues within RAD51AP1 required for interacting with the USP1-UAF1 complex. Cells expressing the UAF1 interaction-deficient mutant of RAD51AP1 show increased chromosomal aberrations in response to Mitomycin C treatment. Moreover, similar to the RAD51AP1 depleted cells, the cells expressing UAF1-interaction deficient RAD51AP1 display persistent RAD51 foci following DNA damage exposure, indicating that these factors regulate a later step during the HR repair. These data altogether suggest that the USP1-UAF1 complex promotes HR repair via multiple mechanisms: through FANCD2 deubiquitination, as well as by interacting with RAD51AP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Cukras
- a Department of Cell Biology , Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Euiho Lee
- a Department of Cell Biology , Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Emily Palumbo
- a Department of Cell Biology , Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Pamela Benavidez
- a Department of Cell Biology , Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - George-Lucian Moldovan
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey , PA , USA
| | - Younghoon Kee
- a Department of Cell Biology , Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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21
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Trego KS, Groesser T, Davalos AR, Parplys AC, Zhao W, Nelson MR, Hlaing A, Shih B, Rydberg B, Pluth JM, Tsai MS, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Sung P, Wiese C, Campisi J, Cooper PK. Non-catalytic Roles for XPG with BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Homologous Recombination and Genome Stability. Mol Cell 2016; 61:535-546. [PMID: 26833090 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
XPG is a structure-specific endonuclease required for nucleotide excision repair, and incision-defective XPG mutations cause the skin cancer-prone syndrome xeroderma pigmentosum. Truncating mutations instead cause the neurodevelopmental progeroid disorder Cockayne syndrome, but little is known about how XPG loss results in this devastating disease. We identify XPG as a partner of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in maintaining genomic stability through homologous recombination (HRR). XPG depletion causes DNA double-strand breaks, chromosomal abnormalities, cell-cycle delays, defective HRR, inability to overcome replication fork stalling, and replication stress. XPG directly interacts with BRCA2, RAD51, and PALB2, and XPG depletion reduces their chromatin binding and subsequent RAD51 foci formation. Upstream in HRR, XPG interacts directly with BRCA1. Its depletion causes BRCA1 hyper-phosphorylation and persistent chromatin binding. These unexpected findings establish XPG as an HRR protein with important roles in genome stability and suggest how XPG defects produce severe clinical consequences including cancer and accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Trego
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Torsten Groesser
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Ann C Parplys
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michael R Nelson
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ayesu Hlaing
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Brian Shih
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Björn Rydberg
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Janice M Pluth
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Miaw-Sheue Tsai
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Priscilla K Cooper
- Biosciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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Parplys AC, Zhao W, Sharma N, Groesser T, Liang F, Maranon DG, Leung SG, Grundt K, Dray E, Idate R, Østvold AC, Schild D, Sung P, Wiese C. NUCKS1 is a novel RAD51AP1 paralog important for homologous recombination and genome stability. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9817-34. [PMID: 26323318 PMCID: PMC4787752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
NUCKS1 (nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) is a 27 kD chromosomal, vertebrate-specific protein, for which limited functional data exist. Here, we demonstrate that NUCKS1 shares extensive sequence homology with RAD51AP1 (RAD51 associated protein 1), suggesting that these two proteins are paralogs. Similar to the phenotypic effects of RAD51AP1 knockdown, we find that depletion of NUCKS1 in human cells impairs DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) and chromosome stability. Depletion of NUCKS1 also results in greatly increased cellular sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC), and in increased levels of spontaneous and MMC-induced chromatid breaks. NUCKS1 is critical to maintaining wild type HR capacity, and, as observed for a number of proteins involved in the HR pathway, functional loss of NUCKS1 leads to a slow down in DNA replication fork progression with a concomitant increase in the utilization of new replication origins. Interestingly, recombinant NUCKS1 shares the same DNA binding preference as RAD51AP1, but binds to DNA with reduced affinity when compared to RAD51AP1. Our results show that NUCKS1 is a chromatin-associated protein with a role in the DNA damage response and in HR, a DNA repair pathway critical for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Parplys
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Weixing Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Torsten Groesser
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Fengshan Liang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - David G Maranon
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Stanley G Leung
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kirsten Grundt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Eloïse Dray
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rupa Idate
- Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Anne Carine Østvold
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Science, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - David Schild
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Patrick Sung
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Claudia Wiese
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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