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Kaldunski ML, Smith JR, Brodie KC, De Pons JL, Demos WM, Gibson AC, Hayman GT, Lamers L, Laulederkind SJF, Thorat K, Thota J, Tutaj MA, Tutaj M, Vedi M, Wang SJ, Zacher S, Dwinell MR, Kwitek AE. Rare disease research resources at the Rat Genome Database. Genetics 2023; 224:iyad078. [PMID: 37119810 PMCID: PMC10411567 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases individually affect relatively few people, but as a group they impact considerable numbers of people. The Rat Genome Database (https://rgd.mcw.edu) is a knowledgebase that offers resources for rare disease research. This includes disease definitions, genes, quantitative trail loci (QTLs), genetic variants, annotations to published literature, links to external resources, and more. One important resource is identifying relevant cell lines and rat strains that serve as models for disease research. Diseases, genes, and strains have report pages with consolidated data, and links to analysis tools. Utilizing these globally accessible resources for rare disease research, potentiating discovery of mechanisms and new treatments, can point researchers toward solutions to alleviate the suffering of those afflicted with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Kaldunski
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer R Smith
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kent C Brodie
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jeffrey L De Pons
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Wendy M Demos
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Adam C Gibson
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - G Thomas Hayman
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Logan Lamers
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stanley J F Laulederkind
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Ketaki Thorat
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Jyothi Thota
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Marek A Tutaj
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monika Tutaj
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Mahima Vedi
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shur-Jen Wang
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stacy Zacher
- Finance and Administration, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Melinda R Dwinell
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Anne E Kwitek
- The Rat Genome Database, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Maguina M, Kang PB, Tsai AC, Pacak CA. Peripheral neuropathies associated with DNA repair disorders. Muscle Nerve 2023; 67:101-110. [PMID: 36190439 PMCID: PMC10075233 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Repair of genomic DNA is a fundamental housekeeping process that quietly maintains the health of our genomes. The consequences of a genetic defect affecting a component of this delicate mechanism are quite harmful, characterized by a cascade of premature aging that injures a variety of organs, including the nervous system. One part of the nervous system that is impaired in certain DNA repair disorders is the peripheral nerve. Chronic motor, sensory, and sensorimotor polyneuropathies have all been observed in affected individuals, with specific physiologies associated with different categories of DNA repair disorders. Cockayne syndrome has classically been linked to demyelinating polyneuropathies, whereas xeroderma pigmentosum has long been associated with axonal polyneuropathies. Three additional recessive DNA repair disorders are associated with neuropathies, including trichothiodystrophy, Werner syndrome, and ataxia-telangiectasia. Although plausible biological explanations exist for why the peripheral nerves are specifically vulnerable to impairments of DNA repair, specific mechanisms such as oxidative stress remain largely unexplored in this context, and bear further study. It is also unclear why different DNA repair disorders manifest with different types of neuropathy, and why neuropathy is not universally present in those diseases. Longitudinal physiological monitoring of these neuropathies with serial electrodiagnostic studies may provide valuable noninvasive outcome data in the context of future natural history studies, and thus the responses of these neuropathies may become sentinel outcome measures for future clinical trials of treatments currently in development such as adeno-associated virus gene replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Maguina
- Medical Education Program, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida
| | - Peter B Kang
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ang-Chen Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Neurology, Paul and Sheila Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Cockayne Syndrome Group B (CSB): The Regulatory Framework Governing the Multifunctional Protein and Its Plausible Role in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040866. [PMID: 33920220 PMCID: PMC8068816 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a DNA repair syndrome characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations such as neurodegeneration, premature aging, developmental impairment, photosensitivity and other symptoms. Mutations in Cockayne syndrome protein B (CSB) are present in the vast majority of CS patients and in other DNA repair-related pathologies. In the literature, the role of CSB in different DNA repair pathways has been highlighted, however, new CSB functions have been identified in DNA transcription, mitochondrial biology, telomere maintenance and p53 regulation. Herein, we present an overview of identified structural elements and processes that impact on CSB activity and its post-translational modifications, known to balance the different roles of the protein not only during normal conditions but most importantly in stress situations. Moreover, since CSB has been found to be overexpressed in a number of different tumors, its role in cancer is presented and possible therapeutic targeting is discussed.
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