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Li Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Wu F, Zhang R, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean, fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:106. [PMID: 34615550 PMCID: PMC8496045 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95 ± 0.46 kg, were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d. Piglets were offered iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows: CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources, ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK, ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM, and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM. Results No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments (P > 0.05). However, piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index (P<0.01), and lower digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) or crude protein (CP), relative to piglets fed CON diet (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid (BA) (P<0.01). The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria, such as g_Peptococcus, g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter. Conclusion The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets, but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index, which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria. However, piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters, indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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High oxytocin infants gain more mass with no additional maternal energetic costs in wild grey seals (Halichoerus grypus). Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 110:104423. [PMID: 31487568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Maximising infant survival requires secure attachments and appropriate behaviours between parents and offspring. Oxytocin is vital for parent-offspring bonding and behaviour. It also modulates energetic balance and neural pathways regulating feeding. However, to date the connections between these two areas of the hormone's functionality are poorly defined. We demonstrate that grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) mothers with high oxytocin levels produce pups with high oxytocin levels throughout lactation, and show for the first time a link between endogenous infant oxytocin levels and rates of mass gain prior to weaning. High oxytocin infants gained mass at a greater rate without additional energetic cost to their mothers. Increased mass gain in infants was not due to increased nursing, and there was no link between maternal mass loss rates and plasma oxytocin concentrations. Increased mass gain rates within high oxytocin infants may be due to changes in individual behaviour and energy expenditure or oxytocin impacting on tissue formation. Infancy is a crucial time for growth and development, and our findings connect the oxytocin driven mechanisms for parent-infant bonding with the energetics underlying parental care. Our study demonstrates that oxytocin release may connect optimal parental or social environments with direct physiological advantages for individual development.
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Tauber M, Coupaye M, Diene G, Molinas C, Valette M, Beauloye V. Prader-Willi syndrome: A model for understanding the ghrelin system. J Neuroendocrinol 2019; 31:e12728. [PMID: 31046160 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Subsequent to the discovery of ghrelin as the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, this unique gut peptide has been found to exert numerous physiological effects, such as appetite stimulation and lipid accumulation via the central regulating mechanisms in the hypothalamus, stimulation of gastric motility, regulation of glucose metabolism and brown fat thermogenesis, and modulation of stress, anxiety, taste sensation, reward-seeking behaviour and the sleep/wake cycle. Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) has been described as a unique pathological state characterised by severe obesity and high circulating levels of ghrelin. It was hypothesised that hyperghrelinaemia would explain at least a part of the feeding behaviour and body composition of PWS patients, who are characterised by hyperphagia, an obsession with food and food-seeking, and increased adiposity. Initially, the link between hyperghrelinaemia and growth hormone deficiency, which is observed in 90% of the children with PWS, was not fully understood. Over the years, however, the increasing knowledge on ghrelin, PWS features and the natural history of the disease has led to a more comprehensive description of the abnormal ghrelin system and its role in the pathophysiology of this rare and complex neurodevelopmental genetic disease. In the present study, we (a) present the current view of PWS; (b) explain its natural history, including recent data on the ghrelin system in PWS patients; and (c) discuss the therapeutic approach of modulating the ghrelin system in these patients and the first promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maithé Tauber
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Axe Pédiatrique du CIC 9302/INSERM. Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Muriel Coupaye
- Service de Nutrition, Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Gwenaelle Diene
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INSERM, UMR 1027- Université Toulouse III Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Molinas
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Axe Pédiatrique du CIC 9302/INSERM. Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
- INSERM U1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marion Valette
- Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, Hôpital des Enfants, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Axe Pédiatrique du CIC 9302/INSERM. Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Beauloye
- Unité d'Endocrinologie Pédiatrique, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Nagaya M, Hayashi A, Nakano K, Honda M, Hasegawa K, Okamoto K, Itazaki S, Matsunari H, Watanabe M, Umeyama K, Nagashima H. Distributions of endocrine cell clusters during porcine pancreatic development. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216254. [PMID: 31075154 PMCID: PMC6510474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic islet xenotransplantation is a potential treatment for diabetes mellitus, and porcine pancreas may provide a readily available source of islets. Islets in juvenile pigs are smaller than those in young adult pigs, but the insulin content is very similar. In addition, as juvenile pigs are more easily reared in uncontaminated conditions, many researchers have conducted studies using pancreatic islets from juvenile pigs. We aimed to analyze the distributions of endocrine cell clusters by comprehensively evaluating juvenile porcine pancreatic development and to propose an appropriate age at which islets could be isolated from the juvenile porcine pancreas. Methods Splenic (SL) and duodenal lobe (DL) samples were collected from the pancreases of pigs aged 0–180 days (n = 3/day after birth). The chronological changes in endocrine cell clustering were analyzed in relation to morphological changes, cell characterization, numbers, islet areas, and gene expression. Results In juvenile pigs aged 0–21 days, the pancreas contained numerous endocrine cells, and compact islets appeared from 21 days of age. Well-defined small islets were seen at 28 days of age, and the clusters were denser in the SL than in the DL. At 35 days of age, the islets were morphologically similar to those observed at 180 days of age, and the greater number of islets was similar to that seen at 90 days of age. The differences in the islets’ cytoarchitecture between the lobes were negligible. The expression of β-cell-related genes was higher in the juvenile pancreas than in the adult pancreas, and the expression of neurogenin-3 decreased dramatically over time. Conclusions These findings may have implications for attempts to refine the most appropriate age for islet isolation from porcine donors. Focusing on porcine pancreatic islets isolated at around 35 days after birth may offer benefits regarding their xenotransplantation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagaya
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Immunology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (HN)
| | - Asuka Hayashi
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nakano
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Michiyo Honda
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Koki Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shiori Itazaki
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunari
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Masahito Watanabe
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Umeyama
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, Kawasaki, Japan
- Laboratory of Developmental Engineering, Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
- * E-mail: (MN); (HN)
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Reduced growth performance in gilt progeny is not improved by segregation from sow progeny in the grower-finisher phase. Animal 2019; 13:2232-2241. [PMID: 31062687 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119000788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Gilt progeny (GP) are born and weaned lighter than sow progeny (SP) and tend to have higher rates of mortality and morbidity. This study quantified the lifetime growth performance differences between GP and SP and, additionally, evaluated whether segregating GP and SP in the grower-finisher period compared to mixing them within common pens reduced this variation. It was hypothesised that GP would be lighter than SP at every stage and segregation would improve growth performance of both GP and SP. All piglets born to 61 gilts (parity 1) and 47 sows (parities 2 to 7; mean 3.5 ± 0.2) were allocated to four treatments at 10 weeks of age: (i) GP housed together (GG), (ii) GP mixed (M) with SP (GM), (iii) SP housed together (SS) and (iv) SP mixed with GP (SM). The GM and SM pigs were housed together in common pens after movement into the grower-finisher facility. Individual live weight of all progeny was recorded at birth, weaning (WWT), 10 weeks of age (10WT) and sale (SWT). Individual hot carcass weight (HCW), fat depth at the head of the last rib (P2) and dressing percentage were measured at slaughter. Gilt progeny were lighter at birth (P = 0.038), weaning (P < 0.001) and through to sale (P = 0.001) than SP. Nursery and grower-finisher performance differences in GP were highly attributable to their lower WWT compared to SP (P < 0.001 when fitted as a covariate). Segregation of GP and SP increased grower-finisher average daily gain (ADG) in SP but decreased ADG and SWT in GP (P < 0.10). Segregated SP had increased average daily feed intake but only in males (P = 0.007); HCW (P < 0.001) and P2 fat depth (P = 0.055) were higher in mixed female GP, but there was no difference (P > 0.10) in female SP, or in males. In conclusion, GP were lighter at every stage than SP and differences after weaning were highly related to the lighter WWT of GP. Under the conditions of this study, overall segregation of GP and SP showed no consistent advantages in growth performance for both groups and differed significantly between males and females.
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Tauber M, Boulanouar K, Diene G, Çabal-Berthoumieu S, Ehlinger V, Fichaux-Bourin P, Molinas C, Faye S, Valette M, Pourrinet J, Cessans C, Viaux-Sauvelon S, Bascoul C, Guedeney A, Delhanty P, Geenen V, Martens H, Muscatelli F, Cohen D, Consoli A, Payoux P, Arnaud C, Salles JP. The Use of Oxytocin to Improve Feeding and Social Skills in Infants With Prader-Willi Syndrome. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2976. [PMID: 28100688 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Patients with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) display poor feeding and social skills as infants and fewer hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT)-producing neurons were documented in adults. Animal data demonstrated that early treatment with OXT restores sucking after birth. Our aim is to reproduce these data in infants with PWS. METHODS We conducted a phase 2 escalating dose study of a short course (7 days) of intranasal OXT administration. We enrolled 18 infants with PWS under 6 months old (6 infants in each step) who received 4 IU of OXT either every other day, daily, or twice daily. We investigated the tolerance and the effects on feeding and social skills and changes in circulating ghrelin and brain connectivity by functional MRI. RESULTS No adverse events were reported. No dose effect was observed. Sucking assessed by the Neonatal Oral-Motor Scale was abnormal in all infants at baseline and normalized in 88% after treatment. The scores of Neonatal Oral-Motor Scale and videofluoroscopy of swallowing significantly decreased from 16 to 9 (P < .001) and from 18 to 12.5 (P < .001), respectively. Significant improvements in Clinical Global Impression scale scores, social withdrawal behavior, and mother-infant interactions were observed. We documented a significant increase in acylated ghrelin and connectivity of the right superior orbitofrontal network that correlated with changes in sucking and behavior. CONCLUSIONS OXT is well tolerated in infants with PWS and improves feeding and social skills. These results open perspectives for early treatment in neurodevelopment diseases with feeding problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maïthé Tauber
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi, .,Axe Pédiatrique du Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9302/Intitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, and.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kader Boulanouar
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenaelle Diene
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1027, Université Toulouse III, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Çabal-Berthoumieu
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1027, Université Toulouse III, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Fichaux-Bourin
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi
| | - Catherine Molinas
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Axe Pédiatrique du Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9302/Intitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, and.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandy Faye
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Axe Pédiatrique du Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9302/Intitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, and
| | - Marion Valette
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Axe Pédiatrique du Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9302/Intitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, and
| | - Jeanne Pourrinet
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi
| | - Catie Cessans
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi
| | - Sylvie Viaux-Sauvelon
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Céline Bascoul
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital des Enfants, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Guedeney
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - Patric Delhanty
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Geenen
- Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-I3-Immunoendocrinologie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Henri Martens
- Grappe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée-I3-Immunoendocrinologie, Université de Liège, Sart Tilman, Liege, Belgium
| | - Françoise Muscatelli
- Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée, Institut de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 901, Marseille, France
| | - David Cohen
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Sscientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7222, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotiques, and
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Groupe de Recherches Cliniques Abord dimensionnel des épisodes psychotiques de l'enfant et de l'adolescent, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris France; and
| | - Pierre Payoux
- Toulouse NeuroImaging Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Arnaud
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1027, Université Toulouse III, Hôpital Paule de Viguier, Toulouse, France.,Unité de Soutien méthodologique à la recherche, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Unité d'Endocrinologie, Obésité, Maladies Osseuses, Génétique et Gynécologie Médicale. Centre de Référence du Syndrome de Prader-Willi.,Axe Pédiatrique du Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9302/Intitut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, and.,Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1043, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Effects of Oxytocin Administration on the Response of Piglets to Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2015; 5:545-60. [PMID: 26479373 PMCID: PMC4598693 DOI: 10.3390/ani5030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Weaning is a stressful milestone for domestic animals. It is often performed at an early age and as an abrupt change in comparison to the transitional period seen in feral or wild animals. Oxytocin, a hormone associated with attachment, could improve the response of piglets to weaning. Piglets were either given oxytocin intranasally, subcutaneously, or handled as controls. Oxytocin had no effect on the physiological response to weaning. However, oxytocin increased the frequency of mild aggressive social behaviors between OT-administered and control pigs. Hence, the use of a single administration of oxytocin prior to weaning in pigs is not recommended. Abstract Weaning is often an abrupt and stressful process. We studied the effects of administering oxytocin, subcutaneously or intranasally, on the ability of pigs to cope with weaning. On a commercial farm 144, 30 day-old pigs from 24 litters were used. On the day of weaning, one male and one female in each litter were administered one of three treatments: intranasal oxytocin (24 International Unit), subcutaneous oxytocin (10 International Unit per kg of body weight), or handled as a control. The pigs were placed in one of eight weaner pens, split by sex and with an equal representation of treatments. Data included body weight and growth, physiology (neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio, plasma cortisol, C-reactive protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α concentrations), and behavior (feeding, drinking, social behavior). Both oxytocin treatments tended to result in higher levels of mild aggression within groups (p = 0.08), specifically between oxytocin-administered and control pigs (subcutaneous to control p = 0.03; intranasal to control p = 0.10). Subcutaneously-administered pigs tended to frequent the feeder more often than intranasally-administered pigs (p < 0.10), with the latter having slightly lower body weight 38 days post-weaning (p = 0.03). However, acute oxytocin administration did not result in any noticeable physiological changes 4 or 28 h post-weaning. Hence, the use of a single administration of oxytocin prior to weaning in pigs is not recommended, at least not in the conditions studied here.
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