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Pszczolkowski VL, Connelly MK, Hoppman A, Benn AD, Laporta J, Hernandez LL, Arriola Apelo SI. Intravenous infusion of 5-hydroxytryptophan to mid-lactation Holstein cows transiently affects milk production and circulating amino acid concentrations. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:3306-3318. [PMID: 38101740 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In dairy cows, the lactating mammary glands synthesize serotonin, which acts in an autocrine-paracrine manner in the glands and is secreted into the periphery. Serotonin signaling during lactation modulates nutrient metabolism in peripheral tissues such as adipose and liver. We hypothesized that the elevation of circulating serotonin during lactation would increase nutrient partitioning to the mammary glands, thereby promoting milk production. Our objective was to elevate circulating serotonin via intravenous infusion of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) to determine its effects on mammary supply and extraction efficiency of AA, and milk components production. Twenty-two multiparous mid-lactation Holstein cows were intravenously infused with 5-HTP (1 mg/kg body weight) or saline, in a crossover design with two 21-d periods. Treatments were infused via jugular catheters for 1 h/d, on d 1 to 3, 8 to 10, and 15 to 17 of each period, to maintain consistent elevation of peripheral serotonin throughout the period. Milk and blood samples were collected in the last 96 h of each period. Whole-blood serotonin concentration was elevated above saline control for 96 h after the last 5-HTP infusion. Dry matter intake was decreased for cows receiving 5-HTP, and on average they lost body weight over the 21-d period, in contrast to saline cows who gained body weight. Milk production and milk protein yield were lower in cows receiving 5-HTP during the 3 infusion days, but both recovered to saline cow yields in the days after. Although milk fat yield exhibited a day-by-treatment interaction, no significant difference occurred on any given day. Milk urea nitrogen concentration was lower in 5-HTP cows on the days following the end of infusions, but not different from saline cows on infusion days. Meanwhile, plasma urea nitrogen was not affected by 5-HTP infusion. Circulating concentrations of AA were overall transiently decreased by 5-HTP, with concentrations mostly returning to baseline within 7 h after the end of 5-HTP infusion. Mammary extraction efficiency of AA was unaffected by 5-HTP infusion. Overall, both lactation performance and circulating AA were transiently reduced in cows infused with 5-HTP, despite sustained elevation of circulating serotonin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia L Pszczolkowski
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Meghan K Connelly
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - August Hoppman
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Amara D Benn
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jimena Laporta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sebastian I Arriola Apelo
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706.
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Fang H, Li Q, Wang H, Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang L. Maternal nutrient metabolism in the liver during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295677. [PMID: 38572473 PMCID: PMC10987773 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in nutrient metabolism, and correct hepatic adaptations are required in maternal nutrient metabolism during pregnancy. In this review, hepatic nutrient metabolism, including glucose metabolism, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and protein and amino acid metabolism, is first addressed. In addition, recent progress on maternal hepatic adaptations in nutrient metabolism during pregnancy is discussed. Finally, the factors that regulate hepatic nutrient metabolism during pregnancy are highlighted, and the factors include follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, progesterone, insulin-like growth factor 1, prostaglandins fibroblast growth factor 21, serotonin, growth hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone, melatonin, adrenal hormone, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin glucagon and thyroid hormone. Our vision is that more attention should be paid to liver nutrient metabolism during pregnancy, which will be helpful for utilizing nutrient appropriately and efficiently, and avoiding liver diseases during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Fang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haichao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ying Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Leying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, China
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Field SL, Marrero MG, Dado-Senn B, Skibiel AL, Ramos PM, Scheffler TL, Laporta J. Peripheral serotonin regulates glucose and insulin metabolism in Holstein dairy calves. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106519. [PMID: 32739765 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin regulates energy metabolism in several mammalian species, however, the potential contribution of serotonergic mechanisms as metabolic and endocrine regulators in growing dairy calves remain unexplored. Objectives were to characterize the role of serotonin in glucose and insulin metabolism in dairy calves with increased serotonin bioavailability. Milk replacer was supplemented with saline, 5-hydroxytryptophan (90 mg/d), or fluoxetine (40 mg/d) for 10-d (n = 8/treatment). Blood was collected daily during supplementation and on days 2, 7, and 14 during withdrawal. Calves were euthanized after 10-d supplementation or 14-d withdrawal periods to harvest liver and pancreas tissue. 5-hydroxytryptophan increased circulating insulin concentrations during the supplementation period, whereas both treatments increased circulating glucose concentration during the withdrawal period. The liver and pancreas of preweaned calves express serotonin factors (ie, TPH1, SERT, and cell surface receptors), indicating their ability to synthesize, uptake, and respond to serotonin. Supplementation of 5-hydroxytryptophan increased hepatic and pancreatic serotonin concentrations. After the withdrawal period, fluoxetine cleared from the pancreas but not liver tissue. Supplementation of 5-hydroxytryptophan upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of serotonin receptors (ie, 5-HTR1B, -1D, -2A, and -2B), and downregulated pancreatic 5-HTR1F mRNA and insulin-related proteins (ie, Akt and pAkt). Fluoxetine-supplemented calves had fewer pancreatic islets per microscopic field with reduced insulin intensity, whereas 5-hydroxytryptophan supplemented calves had increased islet number and area with greater insulin and serotonin and less glucagon intensities. After the 14-d withdrawal of 5-hydroxytryptophan, hepatic mRNA expression of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes were simultaneously downregulated. Improving serotonin bioavailability could serve as a potent regulator of endocrine and metabolic processes in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Field
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - B Dado-Senn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - P M Ramos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - T L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Horst EA, Kvidera SK, Abuajamieh M, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Baumgard LH. Short communication: Ketosis, feed restriction, and an endotoxin challenge do not affect circulating serotonin in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11736-11743. [PMID: 31606210 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) appears to be associated with various energetic disorders and hypocalcemia during the transition period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ketosis, feed restriction (FR), and endotoxin challenge (models in which energetic and calcium metabolism are markedly altered) on circulating 5-HT in lactating Holstein cows. Blood samples were obtained from 3 separate experiments; circulating β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and glucose were measured in all 3 experiments, whereas ionized calcium (iCa2+) was measured only in the endotoxin challenge. In the ketosis study, blood samples from cows clinically diagnosed with ketosis (n = 9) or classified as healthy (n = 9) were obtained from a commercial dairy farm at d -7, 3, and 7 relative to calving. Ketosis was diagnosed using a urine-based test starting at 5 d in milk. There was no effect of health status on circulating 5-HT and no association between 5-HT and BHB, NEFA, or glucose; however, 5-HT concentrations progressively decreased following calving. In the FR experiment, mid-lactation cows were either fed ad libitum (n = 3) or restricted to 20% of their ad libitum intake (n = 5) for 5 d. There were no FR effects on circulating 5-HT, nor was FR correlated with energetic metabolites. In the immune activation model, mid-lactation cows were intravenously challenged with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1.5 µg/kg of BW; n = 6) or sterile saline (control; n = 6). Administering LPS decreased (56%) blood iCa2+ but had no effect on circulating 5-HT, nor was there a correlation between circulating 5-HT and NEFA, BHB, or iCa2+. Circulating 5-HT tended to be positively correlated (r = 0.54) with glucose in Holstein cows administered LPS. In summary, in contrast to expectations, circulating 5-HT was unaffected in models of severely disturbed energetic and Ca2+ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - S K Kvidera
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011.
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Suárez-Trujillo A, Argüello A, Rivero MA, Capote J, Castro N. Short communication: Differences in distribution of serotonin receptor subtypes in the mammary gland of sheep, goats, and cows during lactation and involution. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2703-2707. [PMID: 30639027 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin receptors (5-HTR) are present in the mammary tissue of mouse, humans, cows, and rats. In these species, serotonin is important for the mammary gland function and lactation performance. The mammary gland expression of 5-HTR in small dairy ruminants has yet to be described. In the present study, primer sequences were developed to amplify 5-HTR (1A, 1D, 1E,1B, 1F, 2A, 2B, 2C, 3a, 4, 5a, 6, and 7) using real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of mRNA expression in mammary tissue of dairy sheep, goats, and cows. The distribution of commonly expressed 5-HTR between the 3 species (1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 4, and 7) was analyzed in the mammary tissue of late-lactation and dried-off sheep, goats, and cows using immunohistochemical staining. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the 3 studied species expressed receptors 5-HTR1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 4, and 7. Goats and sheep expressed 5-HTR1D and 5a; 5-HTR1A and 1F were expressed only in sheep. The mammary epithelial cells were positively stained for all the studied receptors by immunohistochemistry (5-HTR1B, 1E, 2A, 2B, 4, and 7). The endothelial cells of blood vessels were positively stained for 5-HTR1B, 2A, 2B, and 7 in all the species. Additionally, 5-HTR1E was present in cow endothelium. The myoepithelial cells stained positively for 5-HTR1E in all the species, and 5-HTR4 myoepithelial staining was present only in cows and sheep. Between the lactating and dried-off mammary glands, the location of 5-HTR in the epithelial cells changed from a cytoplasmic reaction in lactating udders to a reaction in the apical region in dry udders. These results showed that the distribution of 5-HTR subtypes in the mammary gland of dairy ruminants vary among species, tissue type, and stage of gland development. These findings warrant future studies aimed at understanding whether the differences in 5-HTR subtype expression and location accounts for the differences in milk secretion and lactocyte activity among cows, goats, and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suárez-Trujillo
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Security, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - A Argüello
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Security, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - M A Rivero
- Division of Histology and Animal Pathology, Institute of Animal Health and Food Security, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas 35413, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J Capote
- Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias, PO Box 60, La Laguna 38297, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - N Castro
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Security, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas 35413, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Weaver SR, Hernandez LL. Could use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors During Lactation Cause Persistent Effects on Maternal Bone? J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:5-25. [PMID: 29603039 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactating mammary gland elegantly coordinates maternal homeostasis to provide calcium for milk. During lactation, the monoamine serotonin regulates the synthesis and release of various mammary gland-derived factors, such as parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), to stimulate bone resorption. Recent evidence suggests that bone mineral lost during prolonged lactation is not fully recovered following weaning, possibly putting women at increased risk of fracture or osteoporosis. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants have also been associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Therefore, SSRI exposure while breastfeeding may exacerbate lactational bone loss, compromising long-term bone health. Through an examination of serotonin and calcium homeostasis during lactation, lactational bone turnover and post-weaning recovery of bone mineral, and the effect of peripartum depression and SSRI on the mammary gland and bone, this review will discuss the hypothesis that peripartum SSRI exposure causes persistent reductions in bone mineral density through mammary-derived PTHrP signaling with bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Weaver
- Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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7
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Rovadoscki GA, Pertile SFN, Alvarenga AB, Cesar ASM, Pértille F, Petrini J, Franzo V, Soares WVB, Morota G, Spangler ML, Pinto LFB, Carvalho GGP, Lanna DPD, Coutinho LL, Mourão GB. Estimates of genomic heritability and genome-wide association study for fatty acids profile in Santa Inês sheep. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:375. [PMID: 29783944 PMCID: PMC5963081 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the health concerns and nutritional importance of fatty acids, there is a relative paucity of studies in the literature that report genetic or genomic parameters, especially in the case of sheep populations. To investigate the genetic architecture of fatty acid composition of sheep, we conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and estimated genomic heritabilities for fatty acid profile in Longissimus dorsi muscle of 216 male sheep. RESULTS Genomic heritability estimates for fatty acid content ranged from 0.25 to 0.46, indicating that substantial genetic variation exists for the evaluated traits. Therefore, it is possible to alter fatty acid profiles through selection. Twenty-seven genomic regions of 10 adjacent SNPs associated with fatty acids composition were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18, each explaining ≥0.30% of the additive genetic variance. Twenty-three genes supporting the understanding of genetic mechanisms of fat composition in sheep were identified in these regions, such as DGAT2, TRHDE, TPH2, ME1, C6, C7, UBE3D, PARP14, and MRPS30. CONCLUSIONS Estimates of genomic heritabilities and elucidating important genomic regions can contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of fatty acid deposition and improve the selection strategies to enhance meat quality and health attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Rovadoscki
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - S F N Pertile
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A B Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - A S M Cesar
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - F Pértille
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - J Petrini
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - V Franzo
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - W V B Soares
- Institute of Zootechny (IZ), Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - G Morota
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - M L Spangler
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - L F B Pinto
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - G G P Carvalho
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - D P D Lanna
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - L L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - G B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo (USP) / Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil.
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Weaver SR, Prichard AS, Maerz NL, Prichard AP, Endres EL, Hernández-Castellano LE, Akins MS, Bruckmaier RM, Hernandez LL. Elevating serotonin pre-partum alters the Holstein dairy cow hepatic adaptation to lactation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184939. [PMID: 28922379 PMCID: PMC5602632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is known to regulate energy and calcium homeostasis in several mammalian species. The objective of this study was to determine if pre-partum infusions of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), the immediate precursor to serotonin synthesis, could modulate energy homeostasis at the level of the hepatocyte in post-partum Holstein and Jersey dairy cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows and twelve multiparous Jersey cows were intravenously infused daily for approximately 7 d pre-partum with either saline or 1 mg/kg bodyweight of 5-HTP. Blood was collected for 14 d post-partum and on d30 post-partum. Liver biopsies were taken on d1 and d7 post-partum. There were no changes in the circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, glucagon, non-esterified fatty acids, or urea nitrogen in response to treatment, although there were decreased beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations with 5-HTP treatment around d6 to d10 post-partum, particularly in Jersey cows. Cows infused with 5-HTP had increased hepatic serotonin content and increased mRNA expression of the serotonin 2B receptor on d1 and d7 post-partum. Minimal changes were seen in the hepatic mRNA expression of various gluconeogenic enzymes. There were no changes in the mRNA expression profile of cell-cycle progression marker cyclin-dependent kinase 4 or apoptotic marker caspase 3, although proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression tended to be increased in Holstein cows infused with 5-HTP on d1 post-partum. Immunofluorescence assays showed an increased number of CASP3- and Ki67-positive cells in Holstein cows infused with 5-HTP on d1 post-partum. Given the elevated hepatic serotonin content and increased mRNA abundance of 5HTR2B, 5-HTP infusions may be stimulating an autocrine-paracrine adaptation to lactation in the Holstein cow liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Weaver
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Allan S. Prichard
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Noah L. Maerz
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Austin P. Prichard
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Endres
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Matthew S. Akins
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Marshfield, Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Laura L. Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Suárez-Trujillo A, Casey TM. Serotoninergic and Circadian Systems: Driving Mammary Gland Development and Function. Front Physiol 2016; 7:301. [PMID: 27471474 PMCID: PMC4945644 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since lactation is one of the most metabolically demanding states in adult female mammals, beautifully complex regulatory mechanisms are in place to time lactation to begin after birth and cease when the neonate is weaned. Lactation is regulated by numerous different homeorhetic factors, all of them tightly coordinated with the demands of milk production. Emerging evidence support that among these factors are the serotonergic and circadian clock systems. Here we review the serotoninergic and circadian clock systems and their roles in the regulation of mammary gland development and lactation physiology. We conclude by presenting our hypothesis that these two systems interact to accommodate the metabolic demands of lactation and thus adaptive changes in these systems occur to maintain mammary and systemic homeostasis through the reproductive cycles of female mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aridany Suárez-Trujillo
- Animal Production and Biotechnology Group, Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran CanariaArucas, Spain
| | - Theresa M. Casey
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN, USA
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10
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Moore SAE, Laporta J, Crenshaw TD, Hernandez LL. Patterns of circulating serotonin and related metabolites in multiparous dairy cows in the peripartum period. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:3754-65. [PMID: 25828664 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cows are challenged to maintain Ca and glucose homeostasis during the transition period. Serotonin (5-HT) is a monoamine that modulates Ca and glucose homeostasis in rodents. Serotonin is positively correlated with Ca and glucose status in dairy cows on d 1 of lactation. However, the pattern of circulating concentrations of 5-HT over the course of a 305-d lactation is unknown. In this observational, longitudinal study, we examined the metabolite patterns of 5-HT, Ca, glucose, parathyroid hormone-related protein, and β-hydroxybutyrate on 2 commercial dairy farms in south-central Wisconsin. Cows sampled on farm 1 were multiparous Jersey cows (n=30) that calved within a 23-d period; cows on farm 2 were multiparous Holstein cows (n=35) that calved within a 20-d period. Blood samples were collected daily between d -5 and d 10 relative to parturition and on d 30, 60, 90, 150, and 300 of lactation. Farms 1 and 2 were analyzed individually because of the presence of a farm effect in the initial analysis; a time effect was present on both farms. Concentrations of 5-HT decreased near parturition compared with prepartum by 57.9 and 29.5% on farm 1 and 2, respectively. Transition period 5-HT nadirs were observed on d 1 on farm 1, and on d 1 and 9 on farm 2. Serotonin recovered to prepartum concentrations by d 5 on farm 1. On farm 2, 5-HT recovered to prepartum concentrations by d 4, with a subsequent decrease of 34.6% on d 9 to a level similar to that observed on d 1. Furthermore, 5-HT increased markedly in cows on both farms near peak lactation (d 60, 90, and 150) and decreased on d 300. Compared with prepartum concentrations, Ca decreased by 34.2 and 11.2% on farms 1 and 2, respectively. Circulating total Ca nadir was observed on d 1 on both farms. Circulating 5-HT and circulating Ca were positively correlated during the early lactation period (d 1 to 5 and d 6 to 10) on farm 1 (r=0.31 and r=0.22, respectively) and d 6 to 10 on farm 2 (r=0.16). Circulating 5-HT and glucose were negatively correlated during the early lactation period (d 1 to 5) on farm 1 (r=-0.21) and during mid-lactation (d 30 to 150) on farm 2 (r=-0.26). Milk 5-HT and milk total Ca were positively correlated on farm 2 (r=0.34). These results demonstrate that 5-HT concentrations change dynamically throughout the transition period, with a pattern similar to that of total Ca concentrations. Further research using controlled experiments should be aimed at discerning the association between 5-HT and Ca and between 5-HT and glucose in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A E Moore
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - T D Crenshaw
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison 53706.
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