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Terlizzi C, De Rosa V, Iommelli F, Pezone A, Altobelli GG, Maddalena M, Dimitrov J, De Rosa C, Della Corte CM, Avvedimento VE, Del Vecchio S. ATM inhibition blocks glucose metabolism and amplifies the sensitivity of resistant lung cancer cell lines to oncogene driver inhibitors. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:20. [PMID: 37932830 PMCID: PMC10629204 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATM is a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase that in addition to its well-established role in DNA repair mechanisms is involved in a number of signaling pathways including regulation of oxidative stress response and metabolic diversion of glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway. Oncogene-driven tumorigenesis often implies the metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis which provides metabolic intermediates to sustain cell proliferation. The aim of our study is to elucidate the role of ATM in the regulation of glucose metabolism in oncogene-driven cancer cells and to test whether ATM may be a suitable target for anticancer therapy. METHODS Two oncogene-driven NSCLC cell lines, namely H1975 and H1993 cells, were treated with ATM inhibitor, KU55933, alone or in combination with oncogene driver inhibitors, WZ4002 or crizotinib. Key glycolytic enzymes, mitochondrial complex subunits (OXPHOS), cyclin D1, and apoptotic markers were analyzed by Western blotting. Drug-induced toxicity was assessed by MTS assay using stand-alone or combined treatment with KU55933 and driver inhibitors. Glucose consumption, pyruvate, citrate, and succinate levels were also analyzed in response to KU55933 treatment. Both cell lines were transfected with ATM-targeted siRNA or non-targeting siRNA and then exposed to treatment with driver inhibitors. RESULTS ATM inhibition deregulates and inhibits glucose metabolism by reducing HKII, p-PKM2Tyr105, p-PKM2Ser37, E1α subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and all subunits of mitochondrial complexes except ATP synthase. Accordingly, glucose uptake and pyruvate concentrations were reduced in response to ATM inhibition, whereas citrate and succinate levels were increased in both cell lines indicating the supply of alternative metabolic substrates. Silencing of ATM resulted in similar changes in glycolytic cascade and OXPHOS levels. Furthermore, the driver inhibitors amplified the effects of ATM downregulation on glucose metabolism, and the combined treatment with ATM inhibitors enhanced the cytotoxic effect of driver inhibitors alone by increasing the apoptotic response. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of ATM reduced both glycolytic enzymes and OXPHOS levels in oncogene-driven cancer cells and enhanced apoptosis induced by driver inhibitors thus highlighting the possibility to use ATM and the driver inhibitors in combined regimens of anticancer therapy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Terlizzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pezone
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna G Altobelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Maddalena
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Jelena Dimitrov
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University "Federico II", 80131, Naples, Italy.
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2
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Liao Y, Zhang Y, Su A, Zhang Y, Wang H, Yang W, Pang P. Zr 4+-mediated DNAzyme-driven DNA walker amplification strategy for electrochemical assay of protein kinase a activity and inhibition. Talanta 2023; 260:124612. [PMID: 37141826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase A (PKA) can regulate many cellular biological processes by phosphorylation substrate peptide or protein. Sensitive detection of PKA activity is critical for the PKA-related drug discovery and disease diagnosis. A new electrochemical biosensing method was developed for detection of PKA activity based on Zr4+-mediated DNAzyme-driven DNA walker signal amplification strategy. In this strategy, the special designed substrate peptide and a thiolated methylene blue-labeled hairpin DNA (MB-hpDNA) containing a single ribonucleic acid group (rA) could be anchored on the surface of gold electrode by Au-S bond. In the presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and PKA, substrate peptide was phosphorylated and linked with walker DNA (WD) via the robust phosphate-Zr4+-phosphate chemistry. The linked WD hybridized with the loop region of MB-hpDNA to form a Mn2+-dependent deoxynuclease (DNAzyme), which cleaved the MB-hpDNA into MB-labeled fragment releasing away from electrode surface, resulting in a dramatic decrease of electrochemical signal and providing an electrochemical sensing platform for PKA activity detection. The response signal of the developed biosensor is proportional to the logarithm of PKA concentration in the range of 0.05 U mL-1 to 100 U mL-1, with a detection limit of 0.017 U mL-1 at a signal to noise ratio of 3. Furthermore, the proposed method can also be applied for the evaluation of PKA inhibition and PKA activity assay in cell samples. Therefore, the proposed biosensor shows great promise as a universal tool for diagnostics and drug discovery of PKA-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yingqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Aiwen Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
| | - Hongbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Pengfei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Functional Materials of Yunnan Province Education Department, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650500, PR China.
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3
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Shah P, McGuigan CW, Cheng S, Vanpouille-Box C, Demaria S, Weiss RS, Lammerding J. ATM Modulates Nuclear Mechanics by Regulating Lamin A Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:875132. [PMID: 35721517 PMCID: PMC9198445 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.875132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is one of the three main apical kinases at the crux of DNA damage response and repair in mammalian cells. ATM activates a cascade of downstream effector proteins to regulate DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA double-strand breaks. While ATM is predominantly known for its role in DNA damage response and repair, new roles of ATM have recently begun to emerge, such as in regulating oxidative stress or metabolic pathways. Here, we report the surprising discovery that ATM inhibition and deletion lead to reduced expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A. Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments that modulate nuclear shape, structure, and stiffness. Accordingly, inhibition or deletion of ATM resulted in increased nuclear deformability and enhanced cell migration through confined spaces, which requires substantial nuclear deformation. These findings point to a novel connection between ATM and lamin A and may have broad implications for cells with ATM mutations—as found in patients suffering from Ataxia Telangiectasia and many human cancers—which could lead to enhanced cell migration and increased metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Connor W. McGuigan
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Svea Cheng
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Claire Vanpouille-Box
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Robert S. Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jan Lammerding,
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4
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Levi H, Bar E, Cohen-Adiv S, Sweitat S, Kanner S, Galron R, Mitiagin Y, Barzilai A. Dysfunction of cerebellar microglia in Ataxia-telangiectasia. Glia 2021; 70:536-557. [PMID: 34854502 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystem autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in the ATM gene and characterized by cerebellar atrophy, progressive ataxia, immunodeficiency, male and female sterility, radiosensitivity, cancer predisposition, growth retardation, insulin-resistant diabetes, and premature aging. ATM phosphorylates more than 1500 target proteins, which are involved in cell cycle control, DNA repair, apoptosis, modulation of chromatin structure, and other cytoplasmic as well as mitochondrial processes. In our quest to better understand the mechanisms by which ATM deficiency causes cerebellar degeneration, we hypothesized that specific vulnerabilities of cerebellar microglia underlie the etiology of A-T. Our hypothesis is based on the recent finding that dysfunction of glial cells affect a variety of process leading to impaired neuronal functionality (Song et al., 2019). Whereas astrocytes and neurons descend from the neural tube, microglia originate from the hematopoietic system, invade the brain at early embryonic stage, and become the innate immune cells of the central nervous system and important participants in development of synaptic plasticity. Here we demonstrate that microglia derived from Atm-/- mouse cerebellum display accelerated cell migration and are severely impaired in phagocytosis, secretion of neurotrophic factors, and mitochondrial activity, suggestive of apoptotic processes. Interestingly, no microglial impairment was detected in Atm-deficient cerebral cortex, and Atm deficiency had less impact on astroglia than microglia. Collectively, our findings validate the roles of glial cells in cerebellar attrition in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Levi
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ela Bar
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stav Cohen-Adiv
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Suzan Sweitat
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Kanner
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Galron
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yulia Mitiagin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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5
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Putti S, Giovinazzo A, Merolle M, Falchetti ML, Pellegrini M. ATM Kinase Dead: From Ataxia Telangiectasia Syndrome to Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5498. [PMID: 34771661 PMCID: PMC8583659 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ATM is one of the principal players of the DNA damage response. This protein exerts its role in DNA repair during cell cycle replication, oxidative stress, and DNA damage from endogenous events or exogenous agents. When is activated, ATM phosphorylates multiple substrates that participate in DNA repair, through its phosphoinositide 3-kinase like domain at the 3'end of the protein. The absence of ATM is the cause of a rare autosomal recessive disorder called Ataxia Telangiectasia characterized by cerebellar degeneration, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, cancer susceptibility, and radiation sensitivity. There is a correlation between the severity of the phenotype and the mutations, depending on the residual activity of the protein. The analysis of patient mutations and mouse models revealed that the presence of inactive ATM, named ATM kinase-dead, is more cancer prone and lethal than its absence. ATM mutations fall into the whole gene sequence, and it is very difficult to predict the resulting effects, except for some frequent mutations. In this regard, is necessary to characterize the mutated protein to assess if it is stable and maintains some residual kinase activity. Moreover, the whole-genome sequencing of cancer patients with somatic or germline mutations has highlighted a high percentage of ATM mutations in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase domain, mostly in cancer cells resistant to classical therapy. The relevant differences between the complete absence of ATM and the presence of the inactive form in in vitro and in vivo models need to be explored in more detail to predict cancer predisposition of A-T patients and to discover new therapies for ATM-associated cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the multiple discoveries from humans and mouse models on ATM mutations, focusing into the inactive versus null ATM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Putti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Campus Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Via Ercole Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.M.); (M.L.F.)
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, IBBC-CNR, Campus Adriano Buzzati Traverso, Via Ercole Ramarini, 32, Monterotondo Scalo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (M.M.); (M.L.F.)
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Maeda M, Tomita M, Maeda M, Matsumoto H, Usami N, Kume K, Kobayashi K. Exposure of the cytoplasm to low-dose X-rays modifies ataxia telangiectasia mutated-mediated DNA damage responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13113. [PMID: 34219128 PMCID: PMC8255317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that when a low X-ray dose is used, cell death is enhanced in nucleus-irradiated compared with whole-cell-irradiated cells; however, the role of the cytoplasm remains unclear. Here, we show changes in the DNA damage responses with or without X-ray microbeam irradiation of the cytoplasm. Phosphorylated histone H2AX foci, a surrogate marker for DNA double-strand breaks, in V79 and WI-38 cells are not observed in nucleus irradiations at ≤ 2 Gy, whereas they are observed in whole-cell irradiations. Addition of an ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase inhibitor to whole-cell irradiations suppresses foci formation at ≤ 2 Gy. ABL1 and p73 expression is upregulated following nucleus irradiation, suggesting the induction of p73-dependent cell death. Furthermore, CDKN1A (p21) is upregulated following whole-cell irradiation, indicating the induction of cell cycle arrest. These data reveal that cytoplasmic radioresponses modify ATM-mediated DNA damage responses and determine the fate of cells irradiated at low doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetoshi Maeda
- Proton Medical Research Division, Research and Development Department, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, WERC, 64-52-1 Nagatani, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0192, Japan.
| | - Masanori Tomita
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, CRIEPI, 2-11-1 Iwado Kita, Komae, Tokyo, 201-8511, Japan
| | - Mika Maeda
- Proton Medical Research Division, Research and Development Department, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, WERC, 64-52-1 Nagatani, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0192, Japan
| | - Hideki Matsumoto
- Department of Experimental Radiology and Health Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23-3 Matsuoka-Shimoaitsuki, Eiheiji-cho, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Noriko Usami
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Kyo Kume
- Proton Medical Research Division, Research and Development Department, The Wakasa Wan Energy Research Center, WERC, 64-52-1 Nagatani, Tsuruga, Fukui, 914-0192, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kobayashi
- Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
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Development of an Immunohistochemical Assay to Detect the Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) Protein in Gastric Carcinoma. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2021; 28:303-310. [PMID: 31206368 PMCID: PMC7147393 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a key activator of DNA damage response mechanisms, represents a potential biomarker for targeted gastric carcinoma therapies. A phase II study (Study 39; NCT01063517) designed to investigate the combination olaparib plus paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer did not meet its primary endpoint of progression-free survival; however, an improvement in the secondary endpoint of overall survival was recorded with a greater overall survival benefit noted in patients with ATM-negative tumors. An ATM immunohistochemical (IHC) diagnostic assay was developed to identify patients who may respond favorably to targeted therapies and deployed in the confirmatory phase III GOLD trial (NCT01924533). The VENTANA ATM (Y170) assay was developed for investigational use in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded gastric carcinoma samples using an anti-ATM rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone Y170) and was optimized with OptiView DAB IHC Detection Kit on a BenchMark ULTRA instrument. The assay was deployed in studies assessing sensitivity, specificity, robustness, precision, and determining optimal ATM staining cutoff to define ATM-deficiency (ATM-low). The ATM (Y170) assay met all predefined product development acceptance criteria. Multiple parameters were characterized, including repeatability, reproducibility, analytical sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and product stability. The scoring algorithm was defined; gastric carcinoma samples were considered ATM-negative or ATM-positive when <25% or ≥25%, respectively, of tumor cell nuclei expressed ATM at any IHC stain intensity and nuclei of immune and/or endothelial cells expressed ATM at a moderate stain intensity (internal positive control). Results highlight reproducibility of the assay, supporting suitability for investigational use for evaluation of gastric carcinoma samples using tumor cell staining cutoff of <25% to define ATM-deficiency. Using this ATM assay, phase III GOLD trial (NCT01924533) clinical trial did not meet its primary endpoint, only suggesting, but not demonstrating, that assessment of ATM levels by IHC could possibly be useful in assessing the degree of benefit that may be achieved by adding olaparib to paxitaxel when treating gastric carcinoma. The utility of ATM (Y170) assay as a companion diagnostic requires further clinical validation.
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Harris BRE, Zhang Y, Tao J, Shen R, Zhao X, Cleary MP, Wang T, Yang D. ATM inhibitor KU‐55933 induces apoptosis and inhibits motility by blocking GLUT1‐mediated glucose uptake in aggressive cancer cells with sustained activation of Akt. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21264. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001415rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ye Zhang
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin MN USA
- Wuxi People's Hospital Wuxi People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Tao
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin MN USA
- Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Renhui Shen
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin MN USA
- Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhao
- Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Margot P. Cleary
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin MN USA
- The Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Tong Wang
- Wuxi People's Hospital Wuxi People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Medical University Nanjing People's Republic of China
| | - Da‐Qing Yang
- The Hormel Institute University of Minnesota Austin MN USA
- The Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
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9
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Cheng W, Ma J, Xiang L, Sun Y, Huang W, Zhang Z, Kong D, Li J. Zr 4+-mediated hybrid chain reaction and its application for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of protein kinase A. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 140:107796. [PMID: 33744680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical platform has been developed to detect protein kinase activity through the combined actions of Zr4+ mediated signal transition and hybridization chain reaction (HCR)-stimulated DNAzymes nanowires. First of all, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates substrate peptides immobilized on gold electrode surface. Thereafter, the DNA1 containing 5'-phosphoryl ends is linked to the phosphorylated substrate peptide via the robust phosphate-Zr4+-phosphate linkages. By the introduction of molecular beacons (MBs), the DNA1 can open the hairpin structures of MBs through toehold mediated strand displacement (TMSDR), leading to an autonomous stem-opening process and subsequent assembly of G-quadruplex-containing DNA chains by HCR. After the addition of hemin, the formed HRP-mimicking DNAzymes can catalyze the hydroquinone-H2O2 system to generate amplified electrochemical signals. As expected, this method can achieve ultrahigh analytical performance with a low detection limit of 0.02U/mL and exhibit high cost-savings potential without the need for antibody, protease and labeling. Therefore, this method can serve as a new tool for the assay of protein kinase A and its inhibitor screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Jiehua Ma
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Liangliang Xiang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China
| | - Zhaoli Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China
| | - Dehua Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing 211300, PR China.
| | - Jinlong Li
- The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210003, PR China.
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Amirifar P, Ranjouri MR, Lavin M, Abolhassani H, Yazdani R, Aghamohammadi A. Ataxia-telangiectasia: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical phenotype, diagnosis, prognosis and management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 16:859-871. [PMID: 32791865 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1810570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, variable immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, and cancer predisposition. Mutations cause A-T in the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encoding a serine/threonine-protein kinase. AREAS COVERED The authors reviewed the literature on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to collect comprehensive data related to A-T. This review aims to discuss various update aspects of A-T, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prognosis, and management. EXPERT OPINION A-T as a congenital disorder has phenotypic heterogeneity, and the severity of symptoms in different patients depends on the severity of mutations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of A-T, although some relevant questions about pathogenesis remain unanswered, probably owing to the phenotypic heterogeneity of this monogenic disorder. The presence of various clinical and immunologic manifestations in A-T indicates that the identification of the role of defective ATM in phenotype can be helpful in the better management and treatment of patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ranjouri
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran.,Molecular Medicine and Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences , Zanjan, Iran
| | - Martin Lavin
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), University of Queensland , L, Australia
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Iran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran.,Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Science , Tehran, Iran
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Moulay Lakhdar I, Ferlazzo ML, Al Choboq J, Berthel E, Sonzogni L, Devic C, Granzotto A, Thariat J, Foray N. Fibroblasts from Retinoblastoma Patients Show Radiosensitivity Linked to Abnormal Localization of the ATM Protein. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:546-557. [PMID: 32862699 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1808998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a rare form of pediatric cancer that develops from retina cells. Bilateral and some unilateral forms of Rb are associated with heterozygous germline mutations of the (retinoblastoma 1) RB1 gene. RB1 mutations are also associated with a significant risk of secondary malignancy like head and neck tumors. Hence, to date, even if Rb patients are less subjected to radiotherapy to treat their primary ocular tumors, their healthy tissues may be exposed to significant doses of ionizing radiation during the treatment against their secondary malignancies with a significant risk of adverse tissue reactions (radiosensitivity) and/or radiation-induced cancer (radiosusceptibility). However, the biological role of the Rb protein in response to radiation remains misunderstood. Since the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a key protein of radiation response and since untransformed skin fibroblasts are a current model to quantify cellular radiosensitivity, we investigated here for the first time the functionality of the ATM-dependent signaling and repair pathway of the radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) in irradiated skin fibroblasts derived from Rb patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The major biomarkers of the DSB repair and signaling, namely clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, nuclear foci of the phosphorylated forms of the X variant of the H2A histone (γH2AX), the phosphorylated forms of the ATM protein (pATM) and the meiotic recombination 11 nuclease (MRE11) were assessed in untransformed skin fibroblasts derived from three Rb patients. RESULTS Skin fibroblasts from Rb patients showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, incomplete DSB recognition, delay in the ATM nucleo-shuttling and exacerbated MRE11 nuclease activity. Treatment with statin and bisphosphonates led to significant complementation of these impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest the involvement of the ATM kinase in the radiosensitivity/radiosusceptibility phenotype observed in Rb cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahane Moulay Lakhdar
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Joelle Al Choboq
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Fibermetrix, 7 Allée De l'Europe, Entsheim, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | | | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National De La Santé Et De La Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, Radiations, Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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12
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Li Y, Liu Y, Chiang YJ, Huang F, Li Y, Li X, Ning Y, Zhang W, Deng H, Chen YG. DNA Damage Activates TGF-β Signaling via ATM-c-Cbl-Mediated Stabilization of the Type II Receptor TβRII. Cell Rep 2020; 28:735-745.e4. [PMID: 31315051 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of both the DNA damage response (DDR) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling induces growth arrest of most cell types. However, it is unclear whether the DDR activates TGF-β signaling that in turn contributes to cell growth arrest. Here, we show that in response to DNA damage, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) stabilizes the TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) and thus enhancement of TGF-β signaling. Mechanistically, ATM phosphorylates and stabilizes c-Cbl, which promotes TβRII neddylation and prevents its ubiquitination-dependent degradation. Consistently, DNA damage enhances the interaction among ATM, c-Cbl, and TβRII. The ATM-c-Cbl-TβRII axis plays a pivotal role in intestinal regeneration after X-ray-induced DNA damage in mouse models. Therefore, ATM not only mediates the canonical DDR pathway but also activates TGF-β signaling by stabilizing TβRII. The double brake system ensures full cell-cycle arrest, allowing efficient DNA damage repair and avoiding passage of the damaged genome to the daughter cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Jeffrey Chiang
- Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yehua Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xintong Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanheng Ning
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Shiloh Y. The cerebellar degeneration in ataxia-telangiectasia: A case for genome instability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2020; 95:102950. [PMID: 32871349 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2020.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on the molecular pathology of genome instability disorders has advanced our understanding of the complex mechanisms that safeguard genome stability and cellular homeostasis at large. Once the culprit genes and their protein products are identified, an ongoing dialogue develops between the research lab and the clinic in an effort to link specific disease symptoms to the functions of the proteins that are missing in the patients. Ataxi A-T elangiectasia (A-T) is a prominent example of this process. A-T's hallmarks are progressive cerebellar degeneration, immunodeficiency, chronic lung disease, cancer predisposition, endocrine abnormalities, segmental premature aging, chromosomal instability and radiation sensitivity. The disease is caused by absence of the powerful protein kinase, ATM, best known as the mobilizer of the broad signaling network induced by double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the DNA. In parallel, ATM also functions in the maintenance of the cellular redox balance, mitochondrial function and turnover and many other metabolic circuits. An ongoing discussion in the A-T field revolves around the question of which ATM function is the one whose absence is responsible for the most debilitating aspect of A-T - the cerebellar degeneration. This review suggests that it is the absence of a comprehensive role of ATM in responding to ongoing DNA damage induced mainly by endogenous agents. It is the ensuing deterioration and eventual loss of cerebellar Purkinje cells, which are very vulnerable to ATM absence due to a unique combination of physiological features, which kindles the cerebellar decay in A-T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Genetics, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Tel Aviv University Medical School, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
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14
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Donath H, Hess U, Kieslich M, Theis M, Ohlenschläger U, Schubert R, Woelke S, Zielen S. Diabetes in Patients With Ataxia Telangiectasia: A National Cohort Study. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:317. [PMID: 32733823 PMCID: PMC7363802 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare autosomal-recessive multisystem disorder characterized by pronounced cerebellar ataxia, telangiectasia, cancer predisposition and altered body composition. In addition, evidence is rising for endocrine dysfunction. Objectives: To determine the evolution of diabetes and its prevalence in a larger A-T cohort. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the patient charts of 39 subjects from the Frankfurt A-T cohort was performed between August 2002 and 2018 concerning HbA1c and oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). The median follow-up period was 4 years (1-16 years). In addition, in 31 A-T patients aged 1 to 38 years HbA1c and fasting glucose were studied prospectively from 2018 to 2019. Results: In the retrospective analysis, we could demonstrate a longitudinal increase of HbA1c. The prospective analysis showed a significant increase of HbA1c and fasting glucose with age (r = 0.79, p ≤ 0.0001). OGTT has a good sensitivity for insulin resistance screening, whereas HbA1c can be used to evaluate individual courses and therapy response. Seven out of 39 (17.9%) patients suffered from diabetes. Metformin did not always lead to sufficient diabetes control; one patient was treated successfully with repaglinide. Conclusion: Diabetes is a common finding in older A-T patients and often starts in puberty. Our data clearly demonstrate the need for an annual diabetes screening in patients > 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Donath
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ursula Hess
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Kieslich
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marius Theis
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ute Ohlenschläger
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sandra Woelke
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielen
- Division of Allergology, Pulmonology and Cystic Fibrosis, Department for Children and Adolescents, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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15
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Gallyas Jr. F, Sumegi B. Mitochondrial Protection by PARP Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082767. [PMID: 32316192 PMCID: PMC7215481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of the nuclear DNA damage sensor and signalling enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have recently been introduced in the therapy of cancers deficient in double-strand DNA break repair systems, and ongoing clinical trials aim to extend their use from other forms of cancer non-responsive to conventional treatments. Additionally, PARP inhibitors were suggested to be repurposed for oxidative stress-associated non-oncological diseases resulting in a devastating outcome, or requiring acute treatment. Their well-documented mitochondria- and cytoprotective effects form the basis of PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic use for non-oncological diseases, yet can limit their efficacy in the treatment of cancers. A better understanding of the processes involved in their protective effects may improve the PARP inhibitors’ therapeutic potential in the non-oncological indications. To this end, we endeavoured to summarise the basic features regarding mitochondrial structure and function, review the major PARP activation-induced cellular processes leading to mitochondrial damage, and discuss the role of PARP inhibition-mediated mitochondrial protection in several oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas Jr.
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
| | - Balazs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Role of Akt Activation in PARP Inhibitor Resistance in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030532. [PMID: 32106627 PMCID: PMC7139751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have recently been introduced in the therapy of several types of cancers not responding to conventional treatments. However, de novo and acquired PARP inhibitor resistance is a significant limiting factor in the clinical therapy, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Activity of the cytoprotective phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway is often increased in human cancer that could result from mutation, expressional change, or amplification of upstream growth-related factor signaling elements or elements of the Akt pathway itself. However, PARP-inhibitor-induced activation of the cytoprotective PI3K-Akt pathway is overlooked, although it likely contributes to the development of PARP inhibitor resistance. Here, we briefly summarize the biological role of the PI3K-Akt pathway. Next, we overview the significance of the PARP-Akt interplay in shock, inflammation, cardiac and cerebral reperfusion, and cancer. We also discuss a recently discovered molecular mechanism that explains how PARP inhibition induces Akt activation and may account for apoptosis resistance and mitochondrial protection in oxidative stress and in cancer.
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17
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Xie GH, Dai HJ, Liu F, Zhang YP, Zhu L, Nie JJ, Wu JH. A Dual Role of ATM in Ischemic Preconditioning and Ischemic Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2019; 40:785-799. [PMID: 31845160 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-019-00773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is regarded as the linchpin of cellular defenses to stress. Deletion of ATM results in strong oxidative stress and degenerative diseases in the nervous system. However, the role of ATM in neuronal ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemic injury is still largely unknown. In this study, mice cortical neurons preconditioned with sublethal exposure to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) exhibited ATM/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway activation. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of ATM prior to the preconditioning reversed neuroprotection provided by preconditioning in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, we found that ATM/P53 pro-apoptosis pathway was driven by lethal OGD injury, and pharmacological inhibition of ATM during fatal oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury promoted neuronal survival. More importantly, inhibition of ATM activity after cerebral ischemia protected against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion damage in mice. In conclusion, our data show the dual role of ATM in neuronal ischemic preconditioning and lethal ischemic injury, involving in the protection of ischemic preconditioning, but promoting neuronal death in lethal ischemic injury. Thus, the present study provides new opportunity for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Xie
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Han-Jun Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Fang Liu
- General surgery department of Xinhua Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Ying-Pei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jun-Jie Nie
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Dong-Hu Road #169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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18
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Ferlazzo M, Berthel E, Granzotto A, Devic C, Sonzogni L, Bachelet JT, Pereira S, Bourguignon M, Sarasin A, Mezzina M, Foray N. Some mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D gene may lead to moderate but significant radiosensitivity associated with a delayed radiation-induced ATM nuclear localization. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 96:394-410. [PMID: 31738647 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1694189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, recessive genetic disease associated with photosensitivity, skin cancer proneness, neurological abnormalities and impaired nucleotide excision repair of the UV-induced DNA damage. Less frequently, XP can be associated with sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR). Here, a complete radiobiological characterization was performed on a panel of fibroblasts derived from XP-group D patients (XPD).Materials and methods: Cellular radiosensitivity and the functionality of the recognition and repair of chromosome breaks and DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) was evaluated by different techniques including clonogenic cell survival, micronuclei, premature chromosome condensation, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, chromatin decondensation and immunofluorescence assays. Quantitative correlations between each endpoint were analyzed systematically.Results: Among the seven fibroblast cell lines tested, those derived from three non-relative patients holding the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations showed significant cellular radiosensitivity, high yield of residual micronuclei, incomplete DSB recognition, DSB and chromosome repair defects, impaired ATM, MRE11 relocalization, significant chromatin decondensation. Interestingly, XPD transduction and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates known to accelerate the radiation-induced ATM nucleoshuttling led to significant complementation of these impairments.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some subsets of XPD patients may be at risk of radiosensitivity reactions and treatment with statins and bisphosphonates may be an interesting approach of radioprotection countermeasure. Different mechanistic models were discussed to better understand the potential specificity of the p.[Arg683Trp];[Arg616Pro] XPD mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Adeline Granzotto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Clément Devic
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Fibermetrix, Entzheim, France
| | - Laurène Sonzogni
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Thomas Bachelet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Pereira
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Michel Bourguignon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France.,Faculté de Médecine Simone-Veil, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Alain Sarasin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 8200, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Mauro Mezzina
- European Association for Scientific Career Orientation, Paray-Vieille-Poste, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8 Unit, "Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment" Centre Léon-Bérard, Lyon, France
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19
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Berthel E, Foray N, Ferlazzo ML. The Nucleoshuttling of the ATM Protein: A Unified Model to Describe the Individual Response to High- and Low-Dose of Radiation? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070905. [PMID: 31261657 PMCID: PMC6678722 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of radiation-induced (RI) risks is of medical, scientific, and societal interest. However, despite considerable efforts, there is neither consensual mechanistic models nor predictive assays for describing the three major RI effects, namely radiosensitivity, radiosusceptibility, and radiodegeneration. Interestingly, the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein is a major stress response factor involved in the DNA repair and signaling that appears upstream most of pathways involved in the three precited RI effects. The rate of the RI ATM nucleoshuttling (RIANS) was shown to be a good predictor of radiosensitivity. In the frame of the RIANS model, irradiation triggers the monomerization of cytoplasmic ATM dimers, which allows ATM monomers to diffuse in nucleus. The nuclear ATM monomers phosphorylate the H2AX histones, which triggers the recognition of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair. The RIANS model has made it possible to define three subgroups of radiosensitivity and provided a relevant explanation for the radiosensitivity observed in syndromes caused by mutated cytoplasmic proteins. Interestingly, hyper-radiosensitivity to a low dose and adaptive response phenomena may be also explained by the RIANS model. In this review, the relevance of the RIANS model to describe several features of the individual response to radiation was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Berthel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Mélanie L Ferlazzo
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UA8, Radiations: Defense, Health and Environment, Centre Léon-Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
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20
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Amirifar P, Ranjouri MR, Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Aghamohammadi A. Ataxia-telangiectasia: A review of clinical features and molecular pathology. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:277-288. [PMID: 30685876 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency (PID) disease that is caused by mutations in ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase. A-T patients represent a broad range of clinical manifestations including progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, variable immunodeficiency, radiosensitivity, susceptibility to malignancies, and increased metabolic diseases. This congenital disorder has phenotypic heterogeneity, and the severity of symptoms varies in different patients based on severity of mutations and disease progression. The principal role of nuclear ATM is the coordination of cellular signaling pathways in response to DNA double-strand breaks, oxidative stress, and cell cycle checkpoint. The pathogenesis of A-T is not limited to the role of ATM in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, and it has other functions mainly in the hematopoietic cells and neurons. ATM adjusts the functions of organelles such as mitochondria and peroxisomes and also regulates angiogenesis and glucose metabolisms. However, ATM has other functions in the cells (especially cell viability) that need further investigations. In this review, we described functions of ATM in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and also its association with some disorder formation such as neurologic, immunologic, vascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and dermatologic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Amirifar
- Medical Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ranjouri
- Molecular Medicine and Genetics Department, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Reza Yazdani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolhassani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Asghar Aghamohammadi
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran
- University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Tal E, Alfo M, Zha S, Barzilai A, De Zeeuw CI, Ziv Y, Shiloh Y. Inactive Atm abrogates DSB repair in mouse cerebellum more than does Atm loss, without causing a neurological phenotype. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 72:10-17. [PMID: 30348496 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The genome instability syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is caused by null mutations in the ATM gene, that lead to complete loss or inactivation of the gene's product, the ATM protein kinase. ATM is the primary mobilizer of the cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) - a broad signaling network in which many components are ATM targets. The major clinical feature of A-T is cerebellar atrophy, characterized by relentless loss of Purkinje and granule cells. In Atm-knockout (Atm-KO) mice, complete loss of Atm leads to a very mild neurological phenotype, suggesting that Atm loss is not sufficient to markedly abrogate cerebellar structure and function in this organism. Expression of inactive ("kinase-dead") Atm (AtmKD) in mice leads to embryonic lethality, raising the question of whether conditional expression of AtmKD in the murine nervous system would lead to a more pronounced neurological phenotype than Atm loss. We generated two mouse strains in which AtmKD was conditionally expressed as the sole Atm species: one in the CNS and one specifically in Purkinje cells. Focusing our analysis on Purkinje cells, the dynamics of DSB readouts indicated that DSB repair was delayed longer in the presence of AtmKD compared to Atm loss. However, both strains exhibited normal life span and displayed no gross cerebellar histological abnormalities or significant neurological phenotype. We conclude that the presence of AtmKD is indeed more harmful to DSB repair than Atm loss, but the murine central nervous system can reasonably tolerate the extent of this DSB repair impairment. Greater pressure needs to be exerted on genome stability to obtain a mouse model that recapitulates the severe A-T neurological phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Tal
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Marina Alfo
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ari Barzilai
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Art & Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yael Ziv
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, New York, United States.
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Tapodi A, Bognar Z, Szabo C, Gallyas F, Sumegi B, Hocsak E. PARP inhibition induces Akt-mediated cytoprotective effects through the formation of a mitochondria-targeted phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 162:98-108. [PMID: 30296409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The cytoprotective effect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibition is well documented in various cell types subjected to oxidative stress. Previously, we have demonstrated that PARP1 inhibition activates Akt, and showed that this response plays a critical role in the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and in cell survival. However, it has not yet been defined how nuclear PARP1 signals to cytoplasmic Akt. METHODS WRL 68, HeLa and MCF7 cells were grown in culture. Oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide. PARP was inhibited with the PARP inhibitor PJ34. ATM, mTOR- and NEMO were silenced using specific siRNAs. Cell viability assays were based on the MTT assay. PARP-ATM pulldown experiments were conducted; each protein was visualized by Western blotting. Immunoprecipitation of ATM, phospho-ATM and NEMO was performed from cytoplasmic and mitochondrial cell fractions and proteins were detected by Western blotting. In some experiments, a continually active Akt construct was introduced. Nuclear to cytoplasmic and mitochondrial translocation of phospho-Akt was visualized by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Here we present evidence for a PARP1 mediated, PARylation-dependent interaction between ATM and NEMO, which is responsible for the cytoplasmic transport of phosphorylated (thus, activated) ATM kinase. In turn, the cytoplasmic p-ATM and NEMO forms complex with mTOR and Akt, yielding the phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome, which is responsible for the PARP-inhibition induced Akt activation. The phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome localizes to the mitochondria and is essential for the PARP-inhibition-mediated cytoprotective effects in oxidatively stressed cells. When the formation of the signalosome is prevented, the cytoprotective effects diminish, but cells can be rescued by constantly active Akt1, further confirming the critical role of Akt activation in cytoprotection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the data presented in the current paper are consistent with the hypothesis that PARP inhibition suppresses the PARylation of ATM, which, in turn, forms an ATM-NEMO complex, which exits the nucleus, and combines in the cytosol with mTOR and Act, resulting in Act phosphorylation (i.e. activation), which, in turn, produces the cytoprotective action via the induction of Akt-mediated survival pathways. This mechanism can be important in the protective effect of PARP inhibitor in various diseases associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, disruption of the formation or action of the phospho-ATM-NEMO-Akt-mTOR signalosome may offer potential future experimental therapeutic checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sumegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti Street 12, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Cornelis FMF, Monteagudo S, Guns LAKA, den Hollander W, Nelissen RGHH, Storms L, Peeters T, Jonkers I, Meulenbelt I, Lories RJ. ANP32A regulates ATM expression and prevents oxidative stress in cartilage, brain, and bone. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/458/eaar8426. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aar8426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder with increasing global prevalence due to aging of the population. Current therapy is limited to symptom relief, yet there is no cure. Its multifactorial etiology includes oxidative stress and overproduction of reactive oxygen species, but the regulation of these processes in the joint is insufficiently understood. We report that ANP32A protects the cartilage against oxidative stress, preventing osteoarthritis development and disease progression. ANP32A is down-regulated in human and mouse osteoarthritic cartilage. Microarray profiling revealed that ANP32A protects the joint by promoting the expression of ATM, a key regulator of the cellular oxidative defense. Antioxidant treatment reduced the severity of osteoarthritis, osteopenia, and cerebellar ataxia features in Anp32a-deficient mice, revealing that the ANP32A/ATM axis discovered in cartilage is also present in brain and bone. Our findings indicate that modulating ANP32A signaling could help manage oxidative stress in cartilage, brain, and bone with therapeutic implications for osteoarthritis, neurological disease, and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique M. F. Cornelis
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Silvia Monteagudo
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laura-An K. A. Guns
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter den Hollander
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
- Integrated research on Developmental determinants of Ageing and Longevity (IDEAL), 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rob G. H. H. Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Lies Storms
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tine Peeters
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Jonkers
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Human Movement Biomechanics, Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
- Integrated research on Developmental determinants of Ageing and Longevity (IDEAL), 2300 RC Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Rik J. Lories
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Cirillo E, Del Giudice E, Micheli R, Cappellari AM, Soresina A, Dellepiane RM, Pietrogrande MC, Dell'Era L, Specchia F, Pession A, Plebani A, Pignata C. Minimum effective betamethasone dosage on the neurological phenotype in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia: a multicenter observer-blind study. Eur J Neurol 2018; 25:833-840. [PMID: 29489040 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare neurodegenerative disease, due to A-T mutated (ATM) gene mutations, which typically presents with signs of progressive neurological dysfunction, cerebellar ataxia and uncoordinated movements. A-T severely affects patients' quality of life. Successful treatment options are still not available. The aim of this multicenter study, performed with a blind evaluation procedure, was to define the minimal effective dosage of oral betamethasone, thus preventing the occurrence of side effects. METHODS Nine A-T patients were enrolled to receive betamethasone at increasing dosages of 0.001, 0.005 and 0.01 mg/kg/day. Neurological assessment and the evaluation of quality of life were performed through the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia and the Italian version of the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) at each time-point. The drug safety profile was evaluated. Patients were categorized as responders, partial responders and non-responders. RESULTS Four of nine patients had a benefit at a dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day of oral betamethasone. Using the higher dosage, only one additional patient had a positive response. Conversely, a daily dose of 0.001 mg/kg was ineffective. A correlation between the serum adrenocorticotropic hormone levels and the clinical response was observed. Five of 30 CHAQ items improved in four patients. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a short-term betamethasone oral treatment, at a daily dosage of 0.005 mg/kg, is effective in some patients. Pre-existing risk factors for side effects should be taken into account before therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cirillo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - E Del Giudice
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - R Micheli
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A M Cappellari
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A Soresina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - R M Dellepiane
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M C Pietrogrande
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - L Dell'Era
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - F Specchia
- Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Pession
- Department of Pediatrics, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Plebani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Pediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatrics Section, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Romano FJ, Guadagno E, Solari D, Borrelli G, Pignatiello S, Cappabianca P, Del Basso De Caro M. ATM and p53 combined analysis predicts survival in glioblastoma multiforme patients: A clinicopathologic study. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4867-4877. [PMID: 29369420 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most malignant cancers, with a distinguishing dismal prognosis: surgery followed by chemo- and radiotherapy represents the current standard of care, and chemo- and radioresistance underlie disease recurrence and short overall survival of patients suffering from this malignancy. ATM is a kinase activated by autophosphorylation upon DNA doublestrand breaks arising from errors during replication, byproducts of metabolism, chemotherapy or ionizing radiations; TP53 is one of the most popular tumor suppressor, with a preeminent role in DNA damage response and repair. To study the effects of the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM and p53 in glioblastoma patients, 21 cases were retrospectively examined. In normal brain tissue, p-ATM was expressed only in neurons; conversely, in tumors cells, the protein showed a variable cytoplasmic expression (score: +,++,+++), with being completely undetectable in three cases. Statistical analysis revealed that high p-ATM score (++/+++) strongly correlated to shorter survival (P = 0.022). No difference in overall survival was registered between p53 normally expressed (NE) and overexpressed (OE) glioblastoma patients (P = 0.669). Survival analysis performed on the results from combined assessment of the two proteins showed that patients with NE p53 /low pATM score had longer overall survival than the NE p53/ high pATM score counterpart. Cox-regression analysis confirmed this finding (HR = 0.025; CI 95% = 0.002-0.284; P = 0.003). Our study outlined the immunohistochemical expression of p-ATM/p53 in glioblastomas and provided data on their possible prognostic/predictive of response role. A "non-oncogene addiction" to ATM for NEp53 glioblastoma could be postulated, strengthening the rationale for development of ATM inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elia Guadagno
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Solari
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgio Borrelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Pignatiello
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Cappabianca
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marialaura Del Basso De Caro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Pathology Section, Division of Neurosurgery - University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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26
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Ding X, He Y, Hao Q, Chen S, Yang M, Leng SX, Yue J, Dong B. The association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs189037C>T in ATM gene with coronary artery disease in Chinese Han populations: A case control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9747. [PMID: 29369221 PMCID: PMC5794405 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has indicated that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is closely related to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. So we aimed to examine potential association between a gene variant [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), i.e., rs189037C>T] in the promoter of ATM gene and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Chinese Han populations.In this hospital-based case-control study, a total of 1308 participants were divided into CAD group (652 patients) and control group (656 subjects) after performing coronary angiography. The SNP rs189037 was genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.The distribution of rs189037 genotypes and alleles showed a significant difference between CAD and control subjects (genotypes: P = .032; alleles: P = .028). The percentage of the TT genotype is much higher in control group than that in CAD group (22.0% vs 16.3%, P = .009). After adjustment of the major confounding factors, such difference remained significant (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.89, P = .010). After analyzing data from different groups divided by genders and smoking status respectively, we found that the protective effect of TT genotype on CAD was significant in males (P = .007) and smokers (P = .031). The difference remained statistically significant after multivariate adjustment (adjusted in males: OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.38-0.93, P = .022; adjusted in smokers: OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.27-0.81, P = .006).Our study suggests that ATM rs189037 polymorphism is associated with CAD in Chinese Han populations. The TT genotype of rs189037 seems to be associated with a lower risk of CAD and a protective genetic marker of CAD, especially in males and smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics
| | - Yong He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics
| | | | - Ming Yang
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics
| | - Sean X. Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jirong Yue
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics
| | - Birong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sichuan for Elderly Care and Health, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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27
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Dahl ES, Aird KM. Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated Modulation of Carbon Metabolism in Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:291. [PMID: 29238697 PMCID: PMC5712564 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase has been extensively studied for its role in the DNA damage response and its association with the disease ataxia telangiectasia. There is increasing evidence that ATM also plays an important role in other cellular processes, including carbon metabolism. Carbon metabolism is highly dysregulated in cancer due to the increased need for cellular biomass. A number of recent studies report a non-canonical role for ATM in the regulation of carbon metabolism. This review highlights what is currently known about ATM's regulation of carbon metabolism, the implication of these pathways in cancer, and the development of ATM inhibitors as therapeutic strategies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika S. Dahl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Katherine M. Aird
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
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Słonina D, Kowalczyk A, Janecka-Widła A, Kabat D, Szatkowski W, Biesaga B. Low-Dose Hypersensitive Response for Residual pATM and γH2AX Foci in Normal Fibroblasts of Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 100:756-766. [PMID: 29248168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To define the dose-response relationship for initial and residual pATM and γH2AX foci and temporal response of pATM foci in fibroblasts of 4 hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS)-positive cancer patients and 8 HRS-negative cancer patients and answer the question regarding the role of DNA double-strand break (DSB) recognition and repair in the mechanism of HRS. METHODS AND MATERIALS The cells were irradiated with single doses (0.1-4 Gy) of 6-MV X rays. The number of initial and residual pATM and γH2AX foci was assessed 1 hour and 24 hours after irradiation, respectively. Kinetics of DSB recognition and repair was estimated by pATM foci assay after irradiation with 0.2 and 2 Gy. RESULTS Hyper-radiosensitivity response (confirmed by the induced-repair model) was clearly evident for residual pATM and γH2AX foci in fibroblasts of HRS-positive patients but not in fibroblasts of HRS-negative patients. Significantly less DSB was recognized by pATM early (10-30 minutes) after irradiation with 0.2 Gy in HRS-positive compared with HRS-negative fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS The present results provide evidence for the role of DSB recognition by pATM and repair in the mechanism of HRS and seem to support the idea of nucleo-shuttling of the pATM protein to be involved in HRS response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Słonina
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka-Widła
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Damian Kabat
- Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Wiktor Szatkowski
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Biesaga
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
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Ding X, Hao Q, Yang M, Chen T, Chen S, Yue J, Leng SX, Dong B. Polymorphism rs189037C > T in the promoter region of the ATM gene may associate with reduced risk of T2DM in older adults in China: a case control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 18:84. [PMID: 28806901 PMCID: PMC5557265 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Recent evidence indicates that ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a cytoplasmic protein that involves in insulin signaling pathways. When ATM gene is mutated, this event appears to contribute to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Up to date, little information about the relationship between ATM gene polymorphism and T2DM is available. This study aimed to explore potential association between a genetic variant [single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), i.e. rs189037C > T] in the ATM promoter region and T2DM in older adults in China. Methods We conducted a 1:1 age- and sex-matched case-control study. It enrolled 160 patients including 80 type 2 diabetic and 80 nondiabetic patients who were aged 60 years and above. Genotyping of the polymorphism rs189037 in the promoter of the ATM gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (when an expected cell count was <5) and unpaired Student’s t test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustment for factors associated with T2DM. Results Significant association was found between the genotypes of the ATM rs189037 polymorphism and T2DM (P = 0.037). The frequency of CT genotype is much higher in patients without T2DM than in diabetics (60.0% versus 40.0%, P = 0.012). After adjustment of the major confounding factors, such difference remained significant (OR for non-T2DM is 2.62, 95%CI = 1.05–6.53, P = 0.038). Similar effect of CT genotype on T2DM was observed in male population (adjusted: OR = 0.27, 95%CI = 0.09–0.84, P = 0.024). In addition, the percentage of TT genotype in diabetics with coronary artery disease (CAD) was considerably lower than in those without CAD (17.9% versus 61.5%, P = 0.004). Conclusions Our study suggests that the ATM rs189037 polymorphism is associated with reduced risk of T2DM in older adult population in China. Specifically, CT heterozygote seems to be associated with a lower risk of T2DM than CC or TT genotype, especially in male older adults. Moreover, TT genotype may reduce the risk of CAD in diabetic patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12881-017-0446-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ding
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Tie Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Shanping Chen
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jirong Yue
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Sean X Leng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Birong Dong
- Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, NO. 37, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Han M, Ma L, Qu Y, Tang Y. Decreased expression of the ATM gene linked to poor prognosis for gastric cancer of different nationalities in Xinjiang. Pathol Res Pract 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang M, Liu G, Shan GP, Wang BB. In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of ATM/ATR Signaling Pathway on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Radiosensitivity of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:193-203. [PMID: 28820634 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Ping Shan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Bing Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wu J, Wang F, Su Z, Liu J, Hu S, Li H, Hu P, Wu D. Role of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated in hydrogen peroxide preconditioning against oxidative stress in Neuro-2a cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:4280-4285. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Barzilai A, Schumacher B, Shiloh Y. Genome instability: Linking ageing and brain degeneration. Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 161:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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D'Assante R, Fusco A, Palamaro L, Polishchuk E, Polishchuk R, Bianchino G, Grieco V, Prencipe MR, Ballabio A, Pignata C. Abnormal cell-clearance and accumulation of autophagic vesicles in lymphocytes from patients affected with Ataxia-Teleangiectasia. Clin Immunol 2016; 175:16-25. [PMID: 27915003 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ataxia-Teleangiectasia (A-T) is a neurodegenerative disorder due to mutations in ATM gene. ATM in the nucleus ensures DNA repair, while its role in the cytosol is still poorly clarified. Abnormal autophagy has been documented in other neurodegenerative disorders, thus we evaluated whether alteration in this process may be involved in the pathogenesis of A-T by analyzing the autophagic vesicles and the genes implicated in the different stages of autophagy. Through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunofluorescence analysis we observed an accumulation of APs associated with a LC3 puncta pattern, and a reduced number of ALs. We also documented an increased expression of genes involved in AP and lysosome biogenesis and function, and a decrease of Vps18 expression, involved in their vesicular trafficking and fusion. mTORC1-controlled proteins were hyperphosphorylated in A-T, in keeping with an increased mTOR inhibitory influence of autophagy. Betamethasone is able to promote the degradation of SQSTM1, a biomarker of autophagy. Collectively, our results indicate that in cells from A-T patients, the APs maturation is active, while the fusion between APs and lysosomes is inappropriate, thus implying abnormalities in the cell-clearance process. We also documented a positive effect of Betamethasone on molecules implicated in autophagosome degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta D'Assante
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Fusco
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Palamaro
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Roman Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Bianchino
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | - Vitina Grieco
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Ballabio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
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Ronco C, Martin AR, Demange L, Benhida R. ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1 inhibitors in cancer and cancer stem cells. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016; 8:295-319. [PMID: 30108746 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00439c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA inevitably undergoes a high number of damages throughout the cell cycle. To preserve the integrity of the genome, cells have developed a complex enzymatic machinery aimed at sensing and repairing DNA lesions, pausing the cell cycle to provide more time to repair, or induce apoptosis if damages are too severe. This so-called DNA-damage response (DDR) is yet considered as a major source of resistance to DNA-damaging treatments in oncology. Recently, it has been hypothesized that cancer stem cells (CSC), a sub-population of cancer cells particularly resistant and with tumour-initiating ability, allow tumour re-growth and cancer relapse. Therefore, DDR appears as a relevant target to sensitize cancer cells and cancer stem cells to classical radio- and chemotherapies as well as to overcome resistances. Moreover, the concept of synthetic lethality could be particularly efficiently exploited in DDR. Five kinases play pivotal roles in the DDR: ATM, ATR, CHK1, CHK2 and WEE1. Herein, we review the drugs targeting these proteins and the inhibitors used in the specific case of CSC. We also suggest molecules that may be of interest for preclinical and clinical researchers studying checkpoint inhibition to sensitize cancer and cancer stem cells to DNA-damaging treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France.,Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice , UMR7272 - Parc Valrose , 06108 Nice Cedex 2 , France . ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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Rothblum-Oviatt C, Wright J, Lefton-Greif MA, McGrath-Morrow SA, Crawford TO, Lederman HM. Ataxia telangiectasia: a review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:159. [PMID: 27884168 PMCID: PMC5123280 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DEFINITION OF THE DISEASE Ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) is an autosomal recessive disorder primarily characterized by cerebellar degeneration, telangiectasia, immunodeficiency, cancer susceptibility and radiation sensitivity. A-T is often referred to as a genome instability or DNA damage response syndrome. EPIDEMIOLOGY The world-wide prevalence of A-T is estimated to be between 1 in 40,000 and 1 in 100,000 live births. CLINICAL DESCRIPTION A-T is a complex disorder with substantial variability in the severity of features between affected individuals, and at different ages. Neurological symptoms most often first appear in early childhood when children begin to sit or walk. They have immunological abnormalities including immunoglobulin and antibody deficiencies and lymphopenia. People with A-T have an increased predisposition for cancers, particularly of lymphoid origin. Pulmonary disease and problems with feeding, swallowing and nutrition are common, and there also may be dermatological and endocrine manifestations. ETIOLOGY A-T is caused by mutations in the ATM (Ataxia Telangiectasia, Mutated) gene which encodes a protein of the same name. The primary role of the ATM protein is coordination of cellular signaling pathways in response to DNA double strand breaks, oxidative stress and other genotoxic stress. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis of A-T is usually suspected by the combination of neurologic clinical features (ataxia, abnormal control of eye movement, and postural instability) with one or more of the following which may vary in their appearance: telangiectasia, frequent sinopulmonary infections and specific laboratory abnormalities (e.g. IgA deficiency, lymphopenia especially affecting T lymphocytes and increased alpha-fetoprotein levels). Because certain neurological features may arise later, a diagnosis of A-T should be carefully considered for any ataxic child with an otherwise elusive diagnosis. A diagnosis of A-T can be confirmed by the finding of an absence or deficiency of the ATM protein or its kinase activity in cultured cell lines, and/or identification of the pathological mutations in the ATM gene. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS There are several other neurologic and rare disorders that physicians must consider when diagnosing A-T and that can be confused with A-T. Differentiation of these various disorders is often possible with clinical features and selected laboratory tests, including gene sequencing. ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS Antenatal diagnosis can be performed if the pathological ATM mutations in that family have been identified in an affected child. In the absence of identifying mutations, antenatal diagnosis can be made by haplotype analysis if an unambiguous diagnosis of the affected child has been made through clinical and laboratory findings and/or ATM protein analysis. GENETIC COUNSELING Genetic counseling can help family members of a patient with A-T understand when genetic testing for A-T is feasible, and how the test results should be interpreted. MANAGEMENT AND PROGNOSIS Treatment of the neurologic problems associated with A-T is symptomatic and supportive, as there are no treatments known to slow or stop the neurodegeneration. However, other manifestations of A-T, e.g. immunodeficiency, pulmonary disease, failure to thrive and diabetes can be treated effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Wright
- The Ataxia Telangiectasia Clinical Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Maureen A. Lefton-Greif
- The Ataxia Telangiectasia Clinical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Sharon A. McGrath-Morrow
- The Ataxia Telangiectasia Clinical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Thomas O. Crawford
- The Ataxia Telangiectasia Clinical Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Howard M. Lederman
- The Ataxia Telangiectasia Clinical Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine and Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland USA
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Ioannidou A, Goulielmaki E, Garinis GA. DNA Damage: From Chronic Inflammation to Age-Related Deterioration. Front Genet 2016; 7:187. [PMID: 27826317 PMCID: PMC5078321 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To lessen the "wear and tear" of existence, cells have evolved mechanisms that continuously sense DNA lesions, repair DNA damage and restore the compromised genome back to its native form. Besides genome maintenance pathways, multicellular organisms may also employ adaptive and innate immune mechanisms to guard themselves against bacteria or viruses. Recent evidence points to reciprocal interactions between DNA repair, DNA damage responses and aspects of immunity; both self-maintenance and defense responses share a battery of common players and signaling pathways aimed at safeguarding our bodily functions over time. In the short-term, this functional interplay would allow injured cells to restore damaged DNA templates or communicate their compromised state to the microenvironment. In the long-term, however, it may result in the (premature) onset of age-related degeneration, including cancer. Here, we discuss the beneficial and unrewarding outcomes of DNA damage-driven inflammation in the context of tissue-specific pathology and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ioannidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of CreteHeraklion, Greece
| | - Evi Goulielmaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Garinis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-HellasHeraklion, Greece; Department of Biology, University of CreteHeraklion, Greece
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Chen J, Chen Y, Vail G, Chow H, Zhang Y, Louie L, Li J, Hart RP, Plummer MR, Herrup K. The impact of glutamine supplementation on the symptoms of ataxia-telangiectasia: a preclinical assessment. Mol Neurodegener 2016; 11:60. [PMID: 27538496 PMCID: PMC4991002 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-016-0127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies of Alzheimer's disease (AD) suggested that glutamine broadly improves cellular readiness to respond to stress and acts as a neuroprotectant both in vitro and in AD mouse models. We now expand our studies to a second neurodegenerative disease, ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). Unlike AD, where clinically significant cognitive decline does not typically occur before age 65, A-T symptoms appear in early childhood and are caused exclusively by mutations in the ATM (A-T mutated) gene. RESULTS Genetically ATM-deficient mice and wild type littermates were maintained with or without 4 % glutamine in their drinking water for several weeks. In ATM mutants, glutamine supplementation restored serum glutamine and glucose levels and reduced body weight loss. Lost neurophysiological function assessed through the magnitude of hippocampal long term potentiation was significantly restored. Glutamine supplemented mice also showed reduced thymus pathology and, remarkably, a full one-third extension of lifespan. In vitro assays revealed that ATM-deficient cells are more sensitive to glutamine deprivation, while supra-molar glutamine (8 mM) partially rescued the reduction of BDNF expression and HDAC4 nuclear translocation of genetically mutant Atm(-/-) neurons. Analysis of microarray data suggested that glutamine metabolism is significantly altered in human A-T brains as well. CONCLUSION Glutamine is a powerful part of an organism's internal environment. Changes in its concentrations can have a huge impact on the function of all organ systems, especially the brain. Glutamine supplementation thus bears consideration as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human A-T and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Graham Vail
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Heiman Chow
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yang Zhang
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Lauren Louie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jiali Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Karl Herrup
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.,Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Bodgi L, Foray N. The nucleo-shuttling of the ATM protein as a basis for a novel theory of radiation response: resolution of the linear-quadratic model. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:117-31. [PMID: 26907628 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For 50 years, cellular radiosensitivity has been defined in vitro as the lack of clonogenic capacity of irradiated cells and its mathematical link with dose has been described by the target theory. Among the numerous formulas provided from the target theory, the linear-quadratic (LQ) model empirically describes cell survival as a negative exponential of a second degree polynomial dose-function in which αD is the linear component and βD(2) is the quadratic one. The LQ model is extensively used in radiobiology (to describe survival curves) and in radiotherapy (the α/β ratio indicates whether tissue reactions can occur early or late after the treatment). However, no biological interpretation of the LQ parameters was proposed to explain together the radiation response in a wide dose range, the radiosensitivity of some genetic syndromes caused by the mutation of cytoplasmic proteins and the hyper-radiosensitivity phenomenon specific to low-dose. THE MODEL From a solid amount of experimental data, we hypothesized that the major forms of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) are cytoplasmic dimers and that ionizing radiation induce ATM monomerization. The resulting ATM monomers diffuse into nucleus to facilitate double-strand-breaks (DSB) recognition and repair. Such hypotheses lead to a coherent molecular interpretation of the LQ model by considering the yield of recognized but unrepaired (α-type) DSB and the non-recognized (β-type) DSB. The notion of cell tolerance to unrepaired DSB was introduced by considering that not all DSB are lethal. Cell survival and DSB repair and signaling immunofluorescence data from 42 normal skin fibroblast and 18 tumor human cell lines were used to verify the validity of this biomathematical model proposed. RESULTS Our model is validated at different levels by one of the widest spectrum of radiosensitivity. That mathematical developments of the present model imply that β is a Lorentzian function of α was confirmed experimentally. Our model is also relevant to describe the hypersensitivity to low-dose phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Our model provides a very general picture of human radiosensitivity, independently of the dose, the cell type and the genetic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Bodgi
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon , Lyon , France ;,b St-Joseph University , Faculty of Sciences , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Nicolas Foray
- a Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, UMR 1052, Radiobiology Group, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon , Lyon , France
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Vail G, Cheng A, Han YR, Zhao T, Du S, Loy MMT, Herrup K, Plummer MR. ATM protein is located on presynaptic vesicles and its deficit leads to failures in synaptic plasticity. J Neurophysiol 2016; 116:201-9. [PMID: 27075534 PMCID: PMC4961758 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00006.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia is a multisystemic disorder that includes a devastating neurodegeneration phenotype. The ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) protein is well-known for its role in the DNA damage response, yet ATM is also found in association with cytoplasmic vesicular structures: endosomes and lysosomes, as well as neuronal synaptic vesicles. In keeping with this latter association, electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collateral pathway in hippocampal slices from ATM-deficient mice does not elicit normal long-term potentiation (LTP). The current study was undertaken to assess the nature of this deficit. Theta burst-induced LTP was reduced in Atm(-/-) animals, with the reduction most pronounced at burst stimuli that included 6 or greater trains. To assess whether the deficit was associated with a pre- or postsynaptic failure, we analyzed paired-pulse facilitation and found that it too was significantly reduced in Atm(-/-) mice. This indicates a deficit in presynaptic function. As further evidence that these synaptic effects of ATM deficiency were presynaptic, we used stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy. Three-dimensional reconstruction revealed that ATM is significantly more closely associated with Piccolo (a presynaptic marker) than with Homer1 (a postsynaptic marker). These results underline how, in addition to its nuclear functions, ATM plays an important functional role in the neuronal synapse where it participates in the regulation of presynaptic vesicle physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Vail
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Aifang Cheng
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; and
| | - Yu Ray Han
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Teng Zhao
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shengwang Du
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Michael M T Loy
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Karl Herrup
- Division of Life Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; and
| | - Mark R Plummer
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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Connelly PJ, Smith N, Chadwick R, Exley AR, Shneerson JM, Pearson ER. Recessive mutations in the cancer gene Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), at a locus previously associated with metformin response, cause dysglycaemia and insulin resistance. Diabet Med 2016; 33:371-5. [PMID: 26606753 PMCID: PMC4832393 DOI: 10.1111/dme.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate glucose and insulin metabolism in participants with ataxia telangiectasia in the absence of a diagnosis of diabetes. METHODS A standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed in participants with ataxia telangiectasia (n = 10) and in a control cohort (n = 10). Serial glucose and insulin measurements were taken to permit cohort comparisons of glucose-insulin homeostasis and indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity. RESULTS During the oral glucose tolerance test, the 2-h glucose (6.75 vs 4.93 mmol/l; P = 0.029), insulin concentrations (285.6 vs 148.5 pmol/l; P = 0.043), incremental area under the curve for glucose (314 vs 161 mmol/l/min; P = 0.036) and incremental area under the curve for insulin (37,720 vs 18,080 pmol/l/min; P = 0.03) were higher in participants with ataxia telangiectasia than in the controls. There were no significant differences between groups in fasting glucose, insulin concentrations or insulinogenic index measurement (0.94 vs 0.95; P = 0.95). The Matsuda index, reflecting whole-body insulin sensitivity, was lower in participants with ataxia telangiectasia (5.96 vs 11.03; P = 0.019) than in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) that cause ataxia telangiectasia are associated with elevated glycaemia and low insulin sensitivity in participants without diabetes. This indicates a role of ATM in glucose and insulin metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Connelly
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - N Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - R Chadwick
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A R Exley
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - J M Shneerson
- Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - E R Pearson
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Individual Cytokines Modulate the Neurological Symptoms of ATM Deficiency in a Region Specific Manner. eNeuro 2015; 2:eN-NWR-0032-15. [PMID: 26465009 PMCID: PMC4596028 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0032-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a multisystemic neurodegenerative disease of childhood caused by the absence of functional ATM (A-T mutated) protein. The cerebellar cortex has the most obvious neuropathology, yet cells in other brain regions are also abnormal. A-T mouse models have been produced that replicate much, though not all, of the complex A-T phenotype. Nongenetic factors, including modulations of the immune status of the animal, have also recently been found to play a role in the disease phenotype. Here we report that these modulations show both cytokine and brain region specificity. The CNS changes induced by broad-spectrum immune challenges, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections are a complex mixture of neuroprotective (TNFα) and neurodegenerative (IL1β) cytokine responses that change over time. For example, LPS first induces a protective response in A-T neurons through activation of tissue repair genes through infiltration of monocytes with M2 phenotype, followed over time by a set of more degenerative responses. Additional phenotypic complexity arises because the neuronal response to an immune challenge is regionally variable; cerebellum and cortex differ in important ways in their patterns of cellular and biochemical changes. Tracking these changes reveals an important though not exclusive role for the MAP kinase pathway. Our findings suggest brain responses to cytokine challenges are temporally and regionally specific and that both features are altered by the absence of ATM. This implies that management of the immune status of A-T patients might have significant clinical benefit.
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Grossmann ME, Yang DQ, Guo Z, Potter DA, Cleary MP. Metformin Treatment for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Breast/Mammary Tumorigenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:312-323. [PMID: 26405648 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in metformin's effects on the development, treatment and/or progression of breast cancer. This emerges from observational studies that diabetic women treated with metformin in comparison to other antidiabetic compounds had lower breast cancer incidence and/or mortality rates. The mechanism of action is considered to be activation of hepatic AMPK resulting in reduced gluconeogenesis. Calorie restriction, which consistently reduces mammary tumorigenesis in rodents, is also thought to act through this pathway leading to the hypothesis that metformin's anticancer effects are mediated in a similar fashion. Here we review the literature evaluating metformin's anticancer effects in relation to breast/mammary tumorigenesis. We include clinical observations, as well as studies utilizing rodent models and mammary cell lines. In addition to the anticancer effect of metformin mediated through the AMPK pathway, additional mechanisms of action that directly target tissues have been identified including effects on stem cells, apoptosis, STAT3 and HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Grossmann
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16 Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912 ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Da-Qing Yang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16 Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912 ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David A Potter
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Margot P Cleary
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16 Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912 ; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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Benzina S, Pitaval A, Lemercier C, Lustremant C, Frouin V, Wu N, Papine A, Soussaline F, Romeo PH, Gidrol X. A kinome-targeted RNAi-based screen links FGF signaling to H2AX phosphorylation in response to radiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3559-73. [PMID: 25894690 PMCID: PMC4548013 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general radioprotective effect by fibroblast growth
factor (FGF) has been extensively described since the early 1990s; however, the molecular mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) lead to a complex set of responses in eukaryotic cells. One of the earliest consequences is phosphorylation of histone H2AX to form nuclear foci of the phosphorylated form of H2AX (γH2AX) in the chromatin adjacent to sites of DSBs and to initiate the recruitment of DNA-repair molecules. Upon a DSB event, a rapid signaling network is activated to coordinate DNA repair with the induction of cell-cycle checkpoints. To date, three kinases (ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK) have been shown to phosphorylate histone H2AX in response to irradiation. Here, we report a kinome-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen to characterize human kinases involved in H2AX phosphorylation. By analyzing γH2AX foci at a single-nucleus level, we identified 46 kinases involved either directly or indirectly in H2AX phosphorylation in response to irradiation in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, we demonstrate that in response to irradiation, the FGFR4 signaling cascade promotes JNK1 activation and direct H2AX phosphorylation leading, in turn, to more efficient DNA repair. This can explain, at least partially, the radioprotective effect of FGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Benzina
- CEA, IRTSV, Biologie à Grande Echelle, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054, Grenoble Cedex, France,
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Espach Y, Lochner A, Strijdom H, Huisamen B. ATM Protein Kinase Signaling, Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 29:51-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Shan W, Wang C, Zhang Z, Luo X, Ning C, Yu Y, Feng Y, Gu C, Chen X. ATM may be a protective factor in endometrial carcinogenesis with the progesterone pathway. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:1529-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2712-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a master regulator of the DNA damage response, and it coordinates checkpoint activation, DNA repair, and metabolic changes in eukaryotic cells in response to DNA double-strand breaks and oxidative stress. Loss of ATM activity in humans results in the pleiotropic neurodegeneration disorder ataxia-telangiectasia. ATM exists in an inactive state in resting cells but can be activated by the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex and other factors at sites of DNA breaks. In addition, oxidation of ATM activates the kinase independently of the MRN complex. This review discusses these mechanisms of activation, as well as the posttranslational modifications that affect this process and the cellular factors that affect the efficiency and specificity of ATM activation and substrate phosphorylation. I highlight functional similarities between the activation mechanisms of ATM, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks), and the other PI3K-like kinases, as well as recent structural insights into their regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya T Paull
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712;
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Effect of single nucleotide polymorphism Rs189037 in ATM gene on risk of lung cancer in Chinese: a case-control study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115845. [PMID: 25541996 PMCID: PMC4277362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulated evidence has indicated that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene polymorphisms are closely related to lung cancer. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of rs189037 (G>A), one of ATM single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and detect whether it involves in the risk of lung cancer in Chinese Han people. Methods In this hospital-based matched case-control study, 852 lung cancer patients and 852 healthy controls have been put into comparison to analyze the association between rs189037 and lung cancer risk in Chinese. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined by TaqMan real-time PCR and we used SPSS software to perform the statistical analyses. Results Individuals carrying variant AA genotype of rs189037 had higher lung cancer risk (adjusted OR: 1.56) than those carrying GG genotype. After analyzing data respectively from different groups divided by genders and smoking status, we observed that the risk effect of AA genotype on the lung cancer was significant in females, non-smokers and female non-smokers, as well as the risk effect of GA genotype in male smokers. Compared with non-smokers carrying GG genotype, smokers carrying at least one A allele had higher risk of developing lung cancer than those with GG genotype (adjusted OR: 3.52 vs. adjusted OR: 2.53). Conclusions This study suggested that rs189037 (G>A) polymorphism is associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese Han population. AA genotype and A allele may be dangerous lung cancer signals in Chinese and make contribution to diagnostic and treatment value.
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Shiloh Y. ATM: expanding roles as a chief guardian of genome stability. Exp Cell Res 2014; 329:154-61. [PMID: 25218947 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Shiloh
- The David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Tang S, Yang L, Tang X, Liu M. The role of oxidized ATM in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced energy metabolism reprogramming of CAFs. Cancer Lett 2014; 353:133-44. [PMID: 25069040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the predominant cell type in tumor microenvironment (TM) and featured with the distinct energy metabolism reprogramming (EMR) phenotype caused by many factors such as hypoxia and growth factors. The EMR of CAFs plays a key role in biological behaviors of cancer cells including proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, accumulative evidence indicates that oxidative stress (OS) mediates the EMR of CAFs under conditions of various stimuli. However, the precise mechanism by which OS causes the EMR of CAFs is not clear. Interestingly, our previous work suggested that ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling is activated independent of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in CAFs derived from human breast cancers compared with paired normal fibroblasts (NFs). Recent studies have shown that ATM protein kinase, as a redox sensor, is closely associated with cellular energy metabolism. Thus, it is very possible that ATM protein kinase regulates the EMR of CAFs. So, it is necessary to perform an integral study on how oxidized ATM regulates the EMR of CAFs in response to various stimuli evoking OS. This will facilitate to develop a new powerful strategy of preventing and treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Manran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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