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Bagri P, Kumar V, Batra K. Assessment of cytoprotective and genoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera and Tinospora cordifolia extracts in vitro. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae133. [PMID: 39184218 PMCID: PMC11339162 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Moringa oleifera and Tinospora cordifolia is extensively used as an ingredient of food and in traditional medicine for the management of a variety of diseases. Material and methods The extracts of leaf of Moringa oleifera and stem of Tinospora cordifolia were assessed to examine their ability to inhibit the oxidative DNA damage (by DNA protection assay), cytoprotective and genoprotective potential (by Comet assay) in V79 cells individually and in combinations. Result It was found that these extracts could significantly inhibit the OH-dependent damage of pUC18 plasmid DNA. M. oleifera extract (160 and 320 μg/mL) and Tinospora cordifolia extract (640, 1,280 and 2,560 μg/mL) individually showed higher DNA protection activity. M. oleifera (1,280 μg/mL) combined with Tinospora cordifolia (640 μg/mL) showed best cytoprotective and genoprotective activities among different concentration combinations and various concentrations of individual plants in V79 cell line against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Conclusion This study demonstrates the cytoprotective and genoprotective activity of M. oleifera and Tinospora cordifolia individually or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bagri
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Kanisht Batra
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
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Asma ST, Acaroz U, Imre K, Morar A, Shah SRA, Hussain SZ, Arslan-Acaroz D, Demirbas H, Hajrulai-Musliu Z, Istanbullugil FR, Soleimanzadeh A, Morozov D, Zhu K, Herman V, Ayad A, Athanassiou C, Ince S. Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:6203. [PMID: 36551687 PMCID: PMC9777303 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants and microbial species are chosen based on their composition, ecology, phytochemical, and ethnopharmacological properties. Plants and their derivatives have played a significant role in producing effective anticancer agents. Some plant derivatives include vincristine, vinblastine, irinotecan, topotecan, etoposide, podophyllotoxin, and paclitaxel. Based on their particular activity, a number of other plant-derived bioactive compounds are in the clinical development phase against cancer, such as gimatecan, elomotecan, etc. Additionally, the conjugation of natural compounds with anti-cancerous drugs, or some polymeric carriers particularly targeted to epitopes on the site of interest to tumors, can generate effective targeted treatment therapies. Cognizance from such pharmaceutical research studies would yield alternative drug development strategies through natural sources which could be economical, more reliable, and safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Tasmia Asma
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Ulas Acaroz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- ACR Bio Food and Biochemistry Research and Development, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Kálmán Imre
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Morar
- Department of Animal Production and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Syed Rizwan Ali Shah
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Syed Zajif Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBA School of Science & Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Damla Arslan-Acaroz
- ACR Bio Food and Biochemistry Research and Development, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
| | - Hayri Demirbas
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar 03030, Turkey
| | - Zehra Hajrulai-Musliu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Fatih Ramazan Istanbullugil
- Department of Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek KG-720038, Kyrgyzstan
| | - Ali Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Dmitry Morozov
- Department of Epizootology and Infectious Diseases, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Kui Zhu
- National Center for Veterinary Drug Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Viorel Herman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timișoara, 300645 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelhanine Ayad
- Department of Physical Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia 06000, Algeria
| | - Christos Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agriculture Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
| | - Sinan Ince
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar 03200, Turkey
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Taghvaei S, Sabouni F, Minuchehr Z, Taghvaei A. Identification of novel anti-cancer agents, applying in silico method for SENP1 protease inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:6228-6242. [PMID: 33533323 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1880480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The SENP1 (Sentrin-Specific Protease1) is essential for desumoylation. SENP1 plays an essential role in many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer via targeting GATA2, NEMO, Pin1, SMAD4 and HIF-1α for deSUMOylation. Considering that, over expression of SENP1 was reported in cancer, thus an optional inhibitor of SENP1 can restitute the balance to the skewed system of SUMO and act as an effective therapeutic agent. The purpose of this study was to select and to sort inhibitors with a stronger binding affinity with SENP1. Molecular docking of SENP1 with natural compounds including Gallic acid, Caffeic acid, Thymoquinone, Thymol, Betaine, Alkannin, Ellagic acid, Betanin, Shikonin, Betanidin and Momordin IC was performed using AutoDock 4, then docking complexes for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with GROMACS 4.6.5 were applied. Results with RMSD, RMSF, SASA, DSSP, gyrate, H-bond, ADMET and TOPKAT measurements, binding energy and structural features were surveyed. Among those, Gallic acid has shown the most significant results including RMSD and RMSF plots with high stability, high hydrogen bonds, high binding energy and the highest intermolecular bonds with SENP1. Gallic acid demonstrated strong connections and results of toxicity better than Momordin as control. Gallic acid is a phenolic compound which affects several pharmacological and biochemical pathways and has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic and anticancer properties. Further research can improve the appropriate use of plant products drastically. Basic, pre-clinical and clinical research on Gallic acid may provide a roadmap for its ultimate application in the field of cancer prevention.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayye Taghvaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zarrin Minuchehr
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Taghvaei
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran
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Rehman G, Gul N, Khan GN, Zaman K, Anwar Z, Kakakhel MA. Ethanolic extract of Allacanthos crab inhibits cancer cell proliferation, posses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potentials. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Solairaja S, Andrabi MQ, Dunna NR, Venkatabalasubramanian S. Overview of Morin and Its Complementary Role as an Adjuvant for Anticancer Agents. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:927-942. [PMID: 32530303 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1778747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Global cancer incidence and mortality data released by the World Health Organization proposes that out of 18.1 million new cancer cases diagnosed, 9.8 million deaths occurred globally in 2018. Cancer is one of the major health burdens among non-communicable diseases globally responsible for impeding life expectancy in the present century. Disrupting hallmarks of cancer (such as prolonged inflammation, increased growth signal, tissue invasion and metastasis, unlimited proliferation and evasion of apoptosis) with dietary agents is of considerable focus for cancer prevention and therapy. In the last decade, a significant contribution has been provided in finding many plant-derived natural agents that can be identified as promising molecular cancer therapeutics. Our focus in this review is on one such natural dietary agent, Morin (3,5,7,2',4'-pentahydroxyflavone): a bioflavonoid. Morin exerts strong pharmacological properties against a multitude of cancer (liver cancer, cervical cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, prostate, and colon cancer). Recent progress has also been made in examining the potential of morin as a natural dietary agent for fostering the pharmacological effects of other well-known anticancer agents. This review provides an overview of morin and its derivatives in combination with anticancer agents for cancer prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solaipriya Solairaja
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Qasim Andrabi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Dunna
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
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Adewole KE. Nigerian antimalarial plants and their anticancer potential: A review. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:92-113. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antiproliferative evaluation of various aminoquinoline derivatives. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:661-672. [PMID: 31639093 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Four classes of aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared: primaquine ureas 1a-f, primaquine bis-ureas 2a-f, chloroquine fumardiamides 3a-f and mefloquine fumardiamides 4a-f. Their antiproliferative activities against breast adeno-carcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (H460) and colon carcinoma (HCT 116 and SW620) cell lines were evaluated in vitro, using MTT cell proliferation assay. The results revealed a low activity of primaquine urea and bis-urea derivatives and high activity of all fumardiamides, with IC50 values in low micromolar range against all tested cancer cell lines.
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8
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Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
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Abstract
Seventy-one marine organisms representing different classes of marine fauna and flora were collected from the Red Sea. They include sponges, hydrozoan, soft corals, sea cucumber, ascidian, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae. The methanolic extracts were evaluated for their toxicity and settlement inhibition effects by using cultured Balanus amphitrite. Thirty-three extracts displayed antifouling effects: four samples were highly potent at 1 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition above 31%, twenty-two were potent at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 16 and 30%, and seven were active at 10 μg/mL with a percentage of settlement inhibition between 0 and 15%. Two promising extracts were purified by employing several chromatographic techniques, leading to the isolation of 12 known compounds. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antifouling activities and demonstrated potent antifouling effects with EC50 values of less than 10 μg/mL.
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10
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Gontijo DC, Brandão GC, Nascimento MFAD, Braga de Oliveira A. Antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity, isolation of active alkaloids, and dereplication of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:260-269. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To assess the antiplasmodial activity of the ethanol extract of Xylopia sericea leaves, Annonaceae, often associated with antimalarial use and to perform a bioguided isolation of active compounds.
Methods
Dereplication of ethanol extract by the UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS technique allowed the identification of the major constituents, isolation and identification of alkaloids. The antiplasmodial and cytotoxic activity of the extract, fractions and isolated compounds was evaluated against the chloroquine-resistant W2 strain Plasmodium falciparum and HepG2 cells, respectively.
Key findings
Ethanol extract showed high reduction of parasitemia as well as moderate cytotoxicity (86.5 ± 3.0% growth inhibition at 50 μg/ml and CC50 72.1 ± 5.1 μg/ml, respectively). A total of eight flavonoids were identified, and two aporphine alkaloids, anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline, were isolated. Anonaine disclosed significant antiplasmodial effect and moderate cytotoxicity (IC50 23.2 ± 2.7 μg/ml, CC50 38.3 ± 2.3 μg/ml, SI 1.6) while O-methylmoschatoline was not active against P. falciparum and showed a low cytotoxicity (33.5 ± 1.9% growth inhibition at 50 μg/ml, CC50 274.4 ± 0.5 μg/ml).
Conclusions
Characterization of Xylopia sericea leaves ethanol extract by UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS as well as its antiplasmodial activity and the occurrence of anonaine and O-methylmoschatoline in this Xylopia species are reported by the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Costa Gontijo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Beus M, Rajić Z, Maysinger D, Mlinarić Z, Antunović M, Marijanović I, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Held J, Olgen S, Zorc B. SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:624-638. [PMID: 30151334 PMCID: PMC6104433 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of SAHAquines and related primaquine (PQ) derivatives. SAHAquines are novel hybrid compounds that combine moieties of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an anticancer agent with weak antiplasmodial activity, and PQ, an antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity. The preparation of SAHAquines is simple, cheap, and high yielding. It includes the following steps: coupling reaction between primaquine and a dicarboxylic acid monoester, hydrolysis, a new coupling reaction with O-protected hydroxylamine, and deprotection. SAHAquines 5 a-d showed significant reduction in cell viability. Among the three human cancer cell lines (U2OS, HepG2, and MCF-7), the most responsive were the MCF-7 cells. The antibodies against acetylated histone H3K9/H3K14 in MCF-7 cells revealed a significant enhancement following treatment with N-hydroxy-N'-{4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}pentanediamide (5 b). Ethyl (2E)-3-({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)prop-2-enoate (2 b) and SAHAquines were the most active compounds against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium parasites, some of them at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of our research suggest that SAHAquines are promising leads for new anticancer and antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University23655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences BuildingMontrealQuebecH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Maja Antunović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenWilhelmstraße 2772074TübingenGermany
| | - Sureyya Olgen
- Faculty of PharmacyBiruni University10th street No: 4534010 TopkapiIstanbulTurkey
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
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Apocynaceae species with antiproliferative and/or antiplasmodial properties: a review of ten genera. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 14:269-84. [PMID: 27417173 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Apocynaceae is a large family of tropical trees, shrubs and vines with most species producing white latex. Major metabolites of species are triterpenoids, iridoids, alkaloids and cardenolides, which are known for a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antimalarial properties. Prompted by their anticancer and antimalarial properties, the current knowledge on ten genera (Allamanda, Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Cerbera, Dyera, Kopsia, Nerium, Plumeria and Vallaris) is updated. Major classes of metabolites are described using some species as examples. Species with antiproliferative (APF) and/or antiplasmodial (APM) properties have been identified. With the exception of the genus Dyera, nine genera of 22 species possess APF activity. Seven genera (Alstonia, Calotropis, Catharanthus, Dyera, Kopsia, Plumeria and Vallaris) of 13 species have APM properties. Among these species, Alstonia angustiloba, Alstonia macrophylla, Calotropis gigantea, Calotropis procera, Catharanthus roseus, Plumeria alba and Vallaris glabra displayed both APF and APM properties. The chemical constituents of these seven species are compiled for assessment and further research.
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Miladiyah I, Jumina J, Haryana SM, Mustofa M. Biological activity, quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis, and molecular docking of xanthone derivatives as anticancer drugs. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:149-158. [PMID: 29391779 PMCID: PMC5774476 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s149973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Xanthone derivatives have a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as those involving antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal, and anticancer properties. Among these, we investigated the anticancer properties of xanthone. This research aimed to analyze the biological activity of ten novel xanthone derivatives, to investigate the most contributing-descriptors for their cytotoxic activities, and to examine the possible mechanism of actions of xanthone compound through molecular docking. Materials and methods The cytotoxic tests were carried out on WiDR and Vero cell lines, by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method. The structural features required for xanthone’s anticancer activity were conducted by using the semi-empirical Austin Model-1 method, and continued with quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis using BuildQSAR program. The study of the possible mechanism of actions of the selected xanthone compound was done through molecular docking with PLANTS. Results The three novel xanthone derivatives (compounds 5, 7, and 8) exhibited cytotoxic activity with compound 5 showed the highest degree of cytotoxicity at concentration 9.23 µg/mL (37.8 µM). The following best equation model was obtained from the BuildQSAR calculation: log 1/IC50 = −8.124 qC1 −35.088 qC2 −6.008 qC3 + 1.831 u + 0.540 logP −9.115 (n = 10, r = 0.976, s = 0.144, F = 15.920, Q2 = 0.651, SPRESS = 0.390). This equation model generated 15 proposed new xanthone compounds with better-predicted anticancer activities. A molecular docking study of compound 5 showed that xanthone formed binding interactions with some receptors involved in cancer pathology, including telomerase, tumor-promoting inflammation (COX-2), and cyclin-dependent kinase-2 (CDK2) inhibitor. Conclusion The results suggested that compound 5 showed the best cytotoxic activity among the xanthone derivatives tested. QSAR analysis showed that the descriptors contributed to xanthone’s cytotoxic activity were the net atomic charge at qC1, qC2, and qC3 positions, also dipole moment and logP. Compound 5 was suspected to be cytotoxic by its inhibition of telomerase, COX-2, and CDK2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isnatin Miladiyah
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of Indonesia.,Doctorate Program of Medical Science and Health, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Jumina Jumina
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences
| | | | - Mustofa Mustofa
- Pharmacology and Therapeutic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Cargnin ST, Staudt AF, Medeiros P, de Medeiros Sol Sol D, de Azevedo Dos Santos AP, Zanchi FB, Gosmann G, Puyet A, Garcia Teles CB, Gnoatto SB. Semisynthesis, cytotoxicity, antimalarial evaluation and structure-activity relationship of two series of triterpene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:265-272. [PMID: 29326018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we describe the semisynthesis of two series of ursolic and betulinic acid derivatives through designed by modifications at the C-3 and C-28 positions and demonstrate their antimalarial activity against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum (W2 strain). Structural modifications at C-3 were more advantageous to antimalarial activity than simultaneous modifications at C-3 and C-28 positions. The ester derivative, 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid (7b), was the most active compound (IC50 = 3.4 µM) and it did not exhibit cytotoxicity against VERO nor HepG2 cells (CC50 > 400 µM), showing selectivity towards parasites (selectivity index > 117.47). In combination with artemisinin, compound 7b showed an additive effect (CI = 1.14). While docking analysis showed a possible interaction of 7b with the Plasmodium protease PfSUB1, with an optimum binding affinity of -7.02 kcal/mol, the rather low inhibition displayed on a Bacillus licheniformis subtilisin A protease activity assay (IC50 = 93 µM) and the observed accumulation of ring forms together with a delay of appearance of trophozoites in vitro suggests that the main target of 3β-butanoyl betulinic acid on Plasmodium may be related to other molecules and processes pertaining to the ring stage. Therefore, compound 7b is the most promising compound for further studies on antimalarial chemotherapy. The results obtained in this study provide suitable information about scaffolds to develop novel antimalarials from natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Tasca Cargnin
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Finkler Staudt
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Medeiros
- Plataforma de Bioensaios de Malária e Leishmaniose, FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Grace Gosmann
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antonio Puyet
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular IV, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Simone Baggio Gnoatto
- Laboratório de Fitoquímica e Síntese Orgânica, Faculdade de Fármacia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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15
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Chemical characterization and cytotoxic activity evaluation of Lebanese propolis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:298-307. [PMID: 28850929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical composition, anti-proliferative and proapoptotic activity as well as the effect of various fractions of Lebanese propolis on the cell cycle distribution were evaluated on Jurkat leukemic T-cells, glioblastoma U251 cells, and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells using cytotoxic assays, flow cytometry as well as western blot analysis. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed that ferulic acid, chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin are major constituents of the ethanolic crude extract of the Lebanese propolis, while the hexane fraction mostly contains chrysin, pinocembrin, galangin but at similar levels. Furthermore chemical analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify major compounds in the hexane fraction. Reduction of cell viability was observed in Jurkat cells exposed to the ethanolic crude extract and the hexane fraction, while viability of U251 and MDA-MB-231 cells was only affected upon exposure to the hexane fraction; the other fractions (aqueous phase, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate) were without effect. Maximum toxic effect was obtained when Jurkat cells were cultivated with 90μg/ml of both the crude extract and hexane faction. Toxicity started early after 24h of incubation and remained till 72h. Interestingly, the decrease in cell viability was accompanied by a significant increase in p53 protein expression levels and PARP cleavage. Cell cycle distribution showed an increase in the SubG0 fraction in Jurkat, U251 and MDA-MB-231 cells after 24h incubation with the hexane fraction. This increase in SubG0 was further investigated in Jurkat cells by annexinV/PI and showed an increase in the percentage of cells in early and late apoptosis as well as necrosis. In conclusion, Lebanese propolis exhibited significant cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative activity promising enough that warrant further investigations on the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of Lebanese propolis.
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16
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Artesunate acts as fuel to fire in sensitizing HepG2 cells towards TRAIL mediated apoptosis via STAT3 inhibition and DR4 augmentation. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:515-520. [PMID: 28126677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated in vitro, the role of artesunate (ATS) with comparable potency to oxaliplatin (OXP) in sensitizing tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) resistant HepG2 cells towards apoptosis. ATS in consistency with OXP was found to reverse TRAIL resistant HepG2 cells towards TRAIL mediated apoptosis by enhancing caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. Additionally, ATS also suppressed the nuclear translocation of activated signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) thereby sensitizing the HepG2 cells towards only death receptor 4 (DR4) mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, ATS exposure in TRAIL resistant cells resulted in significant increase of both DR4/DR5 expression and STAT3 inhibition thereby arbitrating TRAIL mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The increase in expression was comparable to that of STAT3 silenced cells. From all the above observations, we conclude that ATS up-regulated DR4 expression by targeting STAT3, which in turn sensitized HepG2 cells to TRAIL mediated apoptosis.
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17
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Pavić K, Perković I, Gilja P, Kozlina F, Ester K, Kralj M, Schols D, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Pontiki E, Zorc B. Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Primaquine-Cinnamic Acid Conjugates of the Amide and Acylsemicarbazide Type. Molecules 2016; 21:E1629. [PMID: 27916811 PMCID: PMC6273687 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper design and synthesis of a scaffold comprising primaquine (PQ) motif and cinnamic acid derivatives (CADs) bound directly (compounds 3a-k) or via a spacer (compounds 7a-k) are reported. In the first series of compounds, PQ and various CADs were connected by amide bonds and in the second series by acylsemicarbazide functional groups built from the PQ amino group, CONHNH spacer and the carbonyl group originating from the CADs. PQ-CAD amides 3a-k were prepared by a simple one-step condensation reaction of PQ with a series of CAD chlorides (method A) or benzotriazolides 2 (method B). The synthesis of acylsemicarbazides 7a-k included activation of PQ with benzotriazole, preparation of PQ-semicarbazide 6 and its condensation with CAD chlorides 4. All synthesized PQ-CAD conjugates were evaluated for their anticancer, antiviral and antioxidative activities. Almost all compounds from series 3 were selective towards the MCF-7 cell line and active at micromolar concentrations. The o-fluoro derivative 3h showed high activity against HeLa, MCF-7 and in particular against the SW 620 cell line, while acylsemicarbazide 7f with a benzodioxole ring and 7c, 7g and especially 7j with methoxy-, chloro- or trifluoromethyl-substituents in the para position showed high selectivity and high inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cell line at micromolar (7c, 7f, 7g) and nanomolar (7j) levels. Acylsemicarbazide derivatives with trifluoromethyl group(s) 7i, 7j and 7k showed specific activity against human coronavirus (229E) at concentrations which did not alter the normal cell morphology. The same compounds exerted the most potent reducing activity in the DPPH test, together with 7d and 7g, while methoxy (compounds 7c-e), benzodioxole (7f), p-Cl (7g) and m-CF₃ (7i) acylsemicarbazides and amide 3f presented the highest LP inhibition (83%-89%). The dimethoxy derivative 7d was the most potent LOX inhibitor (IC50 = 10 μΜ). The performed biological tests gave evidence of acylsemicarbazide functional group as superior binding group in PQ-CAD conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petra Gilja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Filip Kozlina
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Katja Ester
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Dominique Schols
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece.
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Aristotles University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54 124, Greece.
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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18
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Novel urea and bis -urea primaquine derivatives with hydroxyphenyl or halogenphenyl substituents: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 124:622-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Ilamathi M, Prabu P, Ayyappa KA, Sivaramakrishnan V. Artesunate obliterates experimental hepatocellular carcinoma in rats through suppression of IL-6-JAK-STAT signalling. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 82:72-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Wu ZL, Fang YL, Tang YT, Xiao MW, Ye J, Li GX, Hu AX. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 5-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(tert-butyl)-N-arylthiazol-2-amines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00234j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strategy for designing target compounds as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. L. Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Y. L. Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Y. T. Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - M. W. Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - J. Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - G. X. Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
| | - A. X. Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha
- China
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21
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Kedzierska E, Orzelska J, Perković I, Knežević D, Fidecka S, Kaiser M, Zorc B. Pharmacological effects of primaquine ureas and semicarbazides on the central nervous system in mice and antimalarial activity in vitro. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2015; 30:58-69. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kedzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Jolanta Orzelska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Ivana Perković
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Danijel Knežević
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Sylwia Fidecka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics; Faculty of Pharmacy with Division of Medical Analytics; Medical University of Lublin; 20 093 Lublin Poland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Parasite Chemotherapy; Medical Parasitology & Infection Biology; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Branka Zorc
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry; University of Zagreb; 10 000 Zagreb Croatia
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22
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Dejos C, Voisin P, Bernard M, Régnacq M, Bergès T. Canthin-6-one displays antiproliferative activity and causes accumulation of cancer cells in the G2/M phase. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:2481-2487. [PMID: 25379743 DOI: 10.1021/np500516v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Canthinones are natural substances with a wide range of biological activities, including antipyretic, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial. Antiproliferative and/or cytotoxic effects of canthinones on cancer cells have also been described, although their mechanism of action remains ill defined. To gain better insight into this mechanism, the antiproliferative effect of a commercially available canthin-6-one (1) was examined dose-dependently on six cancer cell lines (human prostate, PC-3; human colon, HT-29; human lymphocyte, Jurkat; human cervix, HeLa; rat glioma, C6; and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, NIH-3T3). Cytotoxic effects of 1 were investigated on the same cancer cell lines by procaspase-3 cleavage and on normal human skin fibroblasts. Strong antiproliferative effects of the compound were observed in all cell lines, whereas cytotoxic effects were very dependent on cell type. A better definition of the mechanism of action of 1 was obtained on PC-3 cells, by showing that it decreases BrdU incorporation into DNA by 60% to 80% and mitotic spindle formation by 70% and that it causes a 2-fold accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Together, the data suggest that the primary effect of canthin-6-one (1) is antiproliferative, possibly by interfering with the G2/M transition. Proapoptotic effects might result from this disturbance of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Dejos
- Signalisation & Transports Ioniques Membranaires, CNRS ERL 7368, University of Poitiers , Poitiers, France
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Three new cembranoid-type diterpenes from Red Sea soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum: Isolation and antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:314-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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An epigenetic modifier enhances the production of anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoids from Aspergillus sydowii. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3866-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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A survey of marine natural compounds and their derivatives with anti-cancer activity reported in 2011. Molecules 2013; 18:3641-73. [PMID: 23529027 PMCID: PMC6270579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18043641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to be a major public health problem despite the efforts that have been made in the search for novel drugs and treatments. The current sources sought for the discovery of new molecules are plants, animals and minerals. During the past decade, the search for anticancer agents of marine origin to fight chemo-resistance has increased greatly. Each year, several novel anticancer molecules are isolated from marine organisms and represent a renewed hope for cancer therapy. The study of structure-function relationships has allowed synthesis of analogues with increased efficacy and less toxicity. In this report, we aim to review 42 compounds of marine origin and their derivatives that were published in 2011 as promising anticancer compounds.
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Traditional West African pharmacopeia, plants and derived compounds for cancer therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1225-40. [PMID: 22846603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Traditional pharmacopeia is strongly involved in the continuous search for the well being of African populations. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the population of developing countries relies on traditional medicine for their primary care needs. Medicinal plants are the major resource of this folk medicine where several species are used for the treatment of diseases with an inflammatory and/or infectious component as it is the case of old wounds, skin diseases and malfunctions affecting internal organs such as liver, lung, prostate and kidney. Many of these pathologies described by practitioners of traditional medicine have similarities with certain cancers, but the lack of training of many of these healers does not allow them to establish a link with cancer. However, ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological surveys conducted by several researchers allowed to identify plants of interest for cancer treatment. Most scientific investigations on these plants demonstrated an anti-inflammatory or antioxidant effect, and sometimes, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against cancer cells were reported as well. The emergence of resistance to cancer chemotherapy has forced researchers to turn to natural products of plant and marine origin. In the West African sub-region, research on natural anti-cancer molecules is still in its infancy stage because of very limited financial resources and the scarcity of adequate technical facilities. However, several plants were investigated for their anticancer properties through north-south or south-south partnerships. In this review, we will review the role of West African traditional pharmacopeia in cancer treatment as well as medicinal plants with anti-cancer properties.
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