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Kwa FAA, Bui BV, Thompson BR, Ayton LN. Preclinical investigations on broccoli-derived sulforaphane for the treatment of ophthalmic disease. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103718. [PMID: 37467881 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Vision loss causes a significant burden on individuals and communities on a financial, emotional and social level. Common causes include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma and retinitis pigmentosa (RP; also known as 'rod-cone dystrophy'). As the population continues to grow and age globally, an increasing number of people will experience vision loss. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop therapies that can curb early pathological events. The broccoli-derived compound, sulforaphane (SFN), is reported to have multiple health benefits and modes of action. In this review, we outline the preclinical findings on SFN in ocular diseases and discuss the future clinical testing of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith A A Kwa
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce R Thompson
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren N Ayton
- Department of Optometry & Vision Sciences, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), Faculty Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia
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Hamid MA, Moustafa MT, Nashine S, Costa RD, Schneider K, Atilano SR, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Anti-VEGF Drugs Influence Epigenetic Regulation and AMD-Specific Molecular Markers in ARPE-19 Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040878. [PMID: 33921543 PMCID: PMC8069662 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study assesses the effects of anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) drugs and Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, on cultured ARPE-19 (Adult Retinal Pigment Epithelial-19) cells that are immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial cells. ARPE-19 cells were treated with the following anti-VEGF drugs: aflibercept, ranibizumab, or bevacizumab at 1× and 2× concentrations of the clinical intravitreal dose (12.5 μL/mL and 25 μL/mL, respectively) and analyzed for transcription profiles of genes associated with the pathogenesis age-related macular degeneration (AMD). HDAC activity was measured using the Fluorometric Histone Deacetylase assay. TSA downregulated HIF-1α and IL-1β genes, and upregulated BCL2L13, CASPASE-9, and IL-18 genes. TSA alone or bevacizumab plus TSA showed a significant reduction of HDAC activity compared to untreated ARPE-19 cells. Bevacizumab alone did not significantly alter HDAC activity, but increased gene expression of SOD2, BCL2L13, CASPASE-3, and IL-18 and caused downregulation of HIF-1α and IL-18. Combination of bevacizumab plus TSA increased gene expression of SOD2, HIF-1α, GPX3A, BCL2L13, and CASPASE-3, and reduced CASPASE-9 and IL-β. In conclusion, we demonstrated that anti-VEGF drugs can: (1) alter expression of genes involved in oxidative stress (GPX3A and SOD2), inflammation (IL-18 and IL-1β) and apoptosis (BCL2L13, CASPASE-3, and CASPASE-9), and (2) TSA-induced deacetylation altered transcription for angiogenesis (HIF-1α), apoptosis, and inflammation genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Hamid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - M. Tarek Moustafa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Sonali Nashine
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
| | - Rodrigo Donato Costa
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
- Instituto Donato Oftalmologia, Poςos de Caldas, MG 37701-528, Brazil
| | - Kevin Schneider
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
| | - Shari R. Atilano
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
| | - Baruch D. Kuppermann
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - M. Cristina Kenney
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (M.A.H.); (M.T.M.); (S.N.); (R.D.C.); (K.S.); (S.R.A.); (B.D.K.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-949-824-7603
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Sadasivam R, Packirisamy G, Shakya S, Goswami M. Non-invasive multimodal imaging of Diabetic Retinopathy: A survey on treatment methods and Nanotheranostics. Nanotheranostics 2021; 5:166-181. [PMID: 33564616 PMCID: PMC7868006 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.56015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Retinopathy (DR) is one of the most prominent microvascular complications of diabetes. It is one of the pre-eminent causes for vision impairment followed by blindness among the working-age population worldwide. The de facto cause for DR remains challenging, despite several efforts made to unveil the mechanism underlying the pathology of DR. There is quite less availability of the low cost pre-emptive theranostic imaging tools in terms of in-depth resolution, due to the multiple factors involved in the etiology of DR. This review work comprehensively explores the various reports and research works on all perspectives of diabetic retinopathy (DR), and its mechanism. It also discusses various advanced non-destructive imaging modalities, current, and future treatment approaches. Further, the application of various nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies used for the treatment of DR are also discussed. In a nutshell, the present review work bolsters the pursuit of the development of an advanced non-invasive optical imaging modal with a nano-theranostic approach for the future diagnosis and treatment of DR and its associated ocular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Sadasivam
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
| | - Snehlata Shakya
- Department of clinical physiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Mayank Goswami
- Divyadrishti Imaging Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, India
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Li X, He S, Zhao M. An Updated Review of the Epigenetic Mechanism Underlying the Pathogenesis of Age-related Macular Degeneration. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1219-1234. [PMID: 33014534 PMCID: PMC7505275 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has been recognized to play an important role in physiological and pathological processes of the human body. Accumulating evidence has indicated that epigenetic mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although the susceptibility related to genetic variants has been revealed by genome-wide association studies, those genetic variants may predict AMD risk only in certain human populations. Other mechanisms, particularly those involving epigenetic factors, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD. Therefore, we briefly summarize the most recent reports related to such epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA, and the interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors in the pathogenesis of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- 1Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,2Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,3People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,4People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shikun He
- 1Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,2Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Zhengzhou, China.,3People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,4People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, China.,5Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,6Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- 6Ophthalmology Optometry Centre, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China
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5
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Gemenetzi M, Lotery AJ. Epigenetics in age-related macular degeneration: new discoveries and future perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:807-818. [PMID: 31897542 PMCID: PMC7058675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The study of epigenetics has explained some of the 'missing heritability' of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The epigenome also provides a substantial contribution to the organisation of the functional retina. There is emerging evidence of specific epigenetic mechanisms associated with AMD. This 'AMD epigenome' may offer the chance to develop novel AMD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gemenetzi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre At Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - A J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Southampton, University of Southampton, South Lab and Path Block, Mailpoint 806, Level D, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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Mohana Devi S, Mahalaxmi I, Kaavya J, Chinnkulandhai V, Balachandar V. Does epigenetics have a role in age related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy? Genes Dis 2020; 8:279-286. [PMID: 33997175 PMCID: PMC8093576 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play an important part in the regulation of gene expression and these alterations may induce long-term changes in gene function and metabolism. They have received extensive attention in bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression. DNA methylation is the earliest discovered epigenetic alteration. In this review, we try to examine the role of DNA methylation and histone modification in Age related macular degeneration (AMD) and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), its vascular complications and recent progress. Given the complex nature of AMD and DR, it is crucial to improve therapeutics which will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohana Devi
- SN ONGC Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, 41/18, College Road, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - I Mahalaxmi
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - J Kaavya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - V Chinnkulandhai
- Department of Biochemistry, Dr.N.G.P Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
| | - V Balachandar
- Human Molecular Genetics and Stem Cells Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641046, India
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Salimiaghdam N, Riazi-Esfahani M, Fukuhara PS, Schneider K, Kenney MC. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors. Open Ophthalmol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874364101913010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a type of maculopathy that results in irreversible visual impairment among the aged population in developed countries. The early stages of AMD can be diagnosed by the presence of drusen beneath the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The advanced stages of AMD are geographical atrophy (dry type) and neovascular AMD (wet type), which lead to progressive and severe vision loss. The advanced stage of dry AMD can be identified by extensive large drusen, detachment of the RPE layer and finally degeneration of photoreceptors leading to central vision loss. The late stage of wet AMD is diagnosed by the presence of Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) identified by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) or retinal angiography. The principal of AMD management is to impede the progression of early AMD to advanced levels. Patients with CNV are treated with anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) compounds to inhibit blood vessel growth and thereby reducing vision loss. Although preventive methods for dry AMD are under investigation, there are no proven effective treatments.A variety of environmental and genetic related risk factors are associated with increased incidence and progression of AMD. The genetic factors are found in the complement, angiogenic and lipid pathways. However, environmental factors, such as smoking and nutrition, are also major risk factors. Smoking is a modifiable environmental risk factor, which greatly increases the incidence and progress of AMD compared to non-smokers. There is growing evidence for the positive influence of a healthy diet containing high levels of anti-oxidant supplements. The reduction of serum lipids is another effective strategy for prevention AMD. Although no single preventive approach has been identified, knowing the high risk factors of AMD, along with modification of lifestyle is important for this multifactorial disease, especially in populations with higher genetic susceptibility. Though recent progress in early diagnosis of the disease has facilitated early and efficient intervention, further studies are required to gain more clarification of specific pathophysiology.In spite of decades of focused research on AMD, the pathogenesis of AMD is still not completely understood. Recently, numerous novel methods, including imaging techniques, new drug delivery routes, and therapeutic strategies, are improving the management of AMD. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge related to epidemiology and classifications of AMD.
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Jiang C, Guo Q, Jin Y, Xu JJ, Sun ZM, Zhu DC, Lin JH, Tian NF, Sun LJ, Zhang XL, Wu YS. Inhibition of EZH2 ameliorates cartilage endplate degeneration and attenuates the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration via demethylation of Sox-9. EBioMedicine 2019; 48:619-629. [PMID: 31631036 PMCID: PMC6838408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cartilaginous endplate (CEP) degeneration is considered as one of the major causes of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) which causes low back pain. Recent studies have proved that epigenetic alteration is involved in a variety of diseases. This work explored the role of histone methyltransferase enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) in CEP degeneration, as well as its underlying epigenetic mechanisms, and confirmed the effect of EZH2 knockdown on delaying IVDD development. Methods Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, and ChIP assay were applied to demonstrate the molecular mechanism of EZH2 in CEP tissue. The therapeutic potential of EZH2 was investigated using puncture-induced rat models. Findings The EZH2 expression was upregulated in human and rat CEP tissue. It was also found that the overexpression of EZH2 suppressed the expression of Collagen II, aggrecan and Sox-9, and promoted the expression of ADTAMTS5 and MMP13 in rat endplate chondrocytes (EPCs), which could be reversed by EZH2 silencing. The correlation between EZH2 and Sox-9 was further explored, while overexpression of Sox-9 could reverse the effect of EZH2 in rat EPCs. Moreover, inhibition of EZH2 upregulated the level of Sox-9 by demethylating H3K27me3 at Sox-9 promoter sites, revealing the regulatory mechanism of EZH2 on Sox-9. Meanwhile, puncture-induced rat models showed that EZH2 knockdown exerted a protective effect on CEP and disc degeneration. Interpretation This study reveals that EZH2 inhibition is a promising strategy for mitigating the symptoms and progression of IVDD. Funding : This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y16H060034). Authors declare that the funders had no involvement in the study design, data analysis and interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ze-Ming Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ding-Chao Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jia-Hao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Nai-Feng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liao-Jun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Yao-Sen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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Dulull N, Kwa F, Osman N, Rai U, Shaikh B, Thrimawithana TR. Recent advances in the management of diabetic retinopathy. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1499-1509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Solanki A, Bhatt LK, Johnston TP, Prabhavalkar KS. Targeting Matrix Metalloproteinases for Diabetic Retinopathy: The Way Ahead? Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:324-333. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180914093109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe sight-threatening complication of diabetes. It causes
progressive damage to the retina and is the most common cause of vision impairment and blindness
among diabetic patients. DR develops as a result of various changes in the ocular environment. Such
changes include accelerated mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species production,
and formation of acellular capillaries. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are one of the major culprits in
causing DR. Under physiological conditions, MMPs cause remodeling of the extracellular matrix in the
retina, while under pathological conditions, they induce retinal cell apoptosis. This review focuses on
the roles of various MMPs, primarily MMP-2 and MMP-9 in DR and also their participation in oxidative
stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis, along with their involvement in various signaling
pathways. This review also underscores different strategies to inhibit MMPs, thus suggesting that MMPs
may represent a putative therapeutic target in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Solanki
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh K. Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Thomas P. Johnston
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Kedar S. Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
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11
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Porter LF, Saptarshi N, Fang Y, Rathi S, den Hollander AI, de Jong EK, Clark SJ, Bishop PN, Olsen TW, Liloglou T, Chavali VRM, Paraoan L. Whole-genome methylation profiling of the retinal pigment epithelium of individuals with age-related macular degeneration reveals differential methylation of the SKI, GTF2H4, and TNXB genes. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:6. [PMID: 30642396 PMCID: PMC6332695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder of the central retina and the foremost cause of blindness. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a primary site of disease pathogenesis. The genetic basis of AMD is relatively well understood; however, this knowledge is yet to yield a treatment for the most prevalent non-neovascular disease forms. Therefore, tissue-specific epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation are of considerable interest in AMD. We aimed to identify differentially methylated genes associated with AMD in the RPE and differentiate local DNA methylation aberrations from global DNA methylation changes, as local DNA methylation changes may be more amenable to therapeutic manipulation. Methods Epigenome-wide association study and targeted gene expression profiling were carried out in RPE cells from eyes of human donors. We performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling (Illumina 450k BeadChip array) on RPE cells from 44 human donor eyes (25 AMD and 19 normal controls). We validated the findings using bisulfite pyrosequencing in 55 RPE samples (30 AMD and 25 normal controls) including technical (n = 38) and independent replicate samples (n = 17). Long interspersed nucleotide element 1 (LINE-1) analysis was then applied to assess global DNA methylation changes in the RPE. RT-qPCR on independent donor RPE samples was performed to assess gene expression changes. Results Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identified differential methylation of multiple loci including the SKI proto-oncogene (SKI) (p = 1.18 × 10−9), general transcription factor IIH subunit H4 (GTF2H4) (p = 7.03 × 10−7), and Tenascin X (TNXB) (p = 6.30 × 10−6) genes in AMD. Bisulfite pyrosequencing validated the differentially methylated locus cg18934822 in SKI, and cg22508626 within GTF2H4, and excluded global DNA methylation changes in the RPE in AMD. We further demonstrated the differential expression of SKI, GTF2H4, and TNXB in the RPE of independent AMD donors. Conclusions We report the largest genome-wide methylation analysis of RPE in AMD along with associated gene expression changes to date, for the first-time reaching genome-wide significance, and identified novel targets for functional and future therapeutic intervention studies. The novel differentially methylated genes SKI and GTF2H4 have not been previously associated with AMD, and regulate disease pathways implicated in AMD, including TGF beta signaling (SKI) and transcription-dependent DNA repair mechanisms (GTF2H4). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0608-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise F Porter
- St Paul's Eye Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Neil Saptarshi
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sonika Rathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eiko K de Jong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Clark
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Venkata R M Chavali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, William Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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12
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Shafabakhsh R, Aghadavod E, Ghayour‐Mobarhan M, Ferns G, Asemi Z. Role of histone modification and DNA methylation in signaling pathways involved in diabetic retinopathy. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7839-7846. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Esmat Aghadavod
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour‐Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases Kashan University of Medical Sciences Kashan Iran
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13
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Bronner SM, Murray J, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Cyr P, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clark KR, Crawford TD, Jayaram H, Kaufman S, Li R, Li Y, Liao J, Liang X, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Wai J, Wang F, Zheng A, Zhu X, Magnuson S. A Unique Approach to Design Potent and Selective Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10151-10171. [PMID: 29155580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulator CBP/P300 presents a novel therapeutic target for oncology. Previously, we disclosed the development of potent and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors by first identifying pharmacophores that bind the KAc region and then building into the LPF shelf. Herein, we report the "hybridization" of a variety of KAc-binding fragments with a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold that makes optimal interactions with the LPF shelf, imparting enhanced potency and selectivity to the hybridized ligand. To demonstrate the utility of our hybridization approach, two analogues containing unique Asn binders and the optimized tetrahydroquinoline moiety were rapidly optimized to yield single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of CBP with exquisite selectivity over BRD4(1) and the broader bromodomain family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin R Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Editas Medicine, Inc. , 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Zheng
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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14
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Dulull NK, Thrimawithana TR, Kwa FAA. Mimicking the ocular environment for the study of inflammatory posterior eye disorders. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:440-446. [PMID: 27871941 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The common inflammatory posterior eye disorders, age-related degeneration and glaucoma often lead to irreversible vision loss. Current treatments do not target early stages or prevent disease progression. Consequently, the identification of biomarkers or early disease models that can accurately mimic the pathological processes involved is essential. Although none of the existing models can recapitulate all pathological aspects of these disorders, these models have revealed new therapeutic targets. Efforts to accurately phenotype eye disorders at various disease stages are warranted to generate a 'super' model that can replicate the microenvironment of the eye and associated pathological hallmarks effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela K Dulull
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Thilini R Thrimawithana
- Discipline of Pharmacy, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Faith A A Kwa
- Discipline of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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15
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Pennington KL, DeAngelis MM. Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Aging Human Retina. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:51-79. [PMID: 26966390 PMCID: PMC4777243 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, have complex etiologies with environmental, genetic, and epigenetic contributions to disease pathology. Much effort has gone into elucidating both the genetic and the environmental risk factors for these retinal diseases. However, little is known about how these genetic and environmental risk factors bring about molecular changes that lead to pathology. Epigenetic mechanisms have received extensive attention of late for their promise of bridging the gap between environmental exposures and disease development via their influence on gene expression. Recent studies have identified epigenetic changes that associate with the incidence and/or progression of each of these retinal diseases. Therefore, these epigenetic modifications may be involved in the underlying pathological mechanisms leading to blindness. Further genome-wide epigenetic studies that incorporate well-characterized tissue samples, consider challenges similar to those relevant to gene expression studies, and combine the genome-wide epigenetic data with genome-wide genetic and expression data to identify additional potentially causative agents of disease are needed. Such studies will allow researchers to create much-needed therapeutics to prevent and/or intervene in disease progression. Improved therapeutics will greatly enhance the quality of life and reduce the burden of disease management for millions of patients living with these potentially blinding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Pennington
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Margaret M DeAngelis
- Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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16
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Alivand MR, Sabouni F, Soheili ZS. Probable Chemical Hypoxia Effects on Progress of CNV Through Induction of Promoter CpG Demethylation and Overexpression of IL17RC in Human RPE Cells. Curr Eye Res 2016; 41:1245-54. [DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2015.1095933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Alivand
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetic, Medical Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sabouni
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra-Soheila Soheili
- Molecular Medicine Department, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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17
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Cai X, McGinnis JF. Diabetic Retinopathy: Animal Models, Therapies, and Perspectives. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:3789217. [PMID: 26881246 PMCID: PMC4736804 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3789217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the major complications of diabetes. Although great efforts have been made to uncover the mechanisms underlying the pathology of DR, the exact causes of DR remain largely unknown. Because of multifactor involvement in DR etiology, currently no effective therapeutic treatments for DR are available. In this paper, we review the pathology of DR, commonly used animal models, and novel therapeutic approaches. Perspectives and future directions for DR treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- *Xue Cai: and
| | - James F. McGinnis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- *James F. McGinnis:
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18
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Zhang S, Liu Y, Lu S, Cai X. Genetic variants of interleukin 17A are functionally associated with increased risk of age-related macular degeneration. Inflammation 2015; 38:658-63. [PMID: 25028103 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly populations worldwide. Inflammation, among many factors, has been suggested to play an important role in AMD pathogenesis. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases. In the current study, we examined two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs2275913G/A and rs3748067C/T, in the IL-17A gene between AMD patients and healthy controls. Results showed that rs2275913AA genotype and rs3748067TT genotype were associated with increased susceptibility to AMD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.75; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 3.02; P=0.023, and HR, 2.12; 95 % CI, 1.26 to 4.01; P=0.004; data were adjusted for age and sex). Next, we investigated the functional relevance of the two SNPs. In vitro stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from subjects possessing the rs2275913AA genotype produced significantly more IL-17 than those with the GG genotype. However, PBMCs with rs3748067TT genotype revealed significantly higher IL-17 production than those with rs3748067CC genotype only in AMD patients but not in controls. These data indicate IL-17A polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of AMD probably by affecting gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoru Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, 67 Dong Chang Xi Road, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252000, China,
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19
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Katoh M. Functional proteomics of the epigenetic regulators ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3: a convergence of proteomics and epigenetics for translational medicine. Expert Rev Proteomics 2015; 12:317-28. [PMID: 25835095 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2015.1033409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ASXL1, ASXL2 and ASXL3 are epigenetic scaffolds for BAP1, EZH2, NCOA1, nuclear receptors and WTIP. Here, functional proteomics of the ASXL family members are reviewed with emphasis on mutation spectra, the ASXM2 domain and the plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. Copy number gains of ASXL1 occur in chromosome 20q11.2 duplication syndrome and cervical cancer. Truncation mutations of ASXLs occur in autism, Bohring-Opitz and related syndromes, hematological malignancies and solid tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer and high-grade glioma, which are gain- or loss-of-function mutations. The ASXM2 domain is a binding module for androgen receptor and estrogen receptor α, while the PHD finger is a ligand of WTIP LIM domains and a putative chromatin-binding module. Phylogenetic analyses of 139 human PHD fingers revealed that ASXL PHD fingers cluster with those of BPTF, DIDO, ING1, KDM5A (JARID1A), KMT2E (MLL5), PHF2, PHF8 and PHF23. The cell context-dependent epigenetic code of ASXLs should be deciphered to develop therapeutics for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Katoh
- Department of Omics Network, National Cancer Center - Japan, 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo Ward, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
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