1
|
Zhang C, Su D, Choo EF, Liu L, Bobba S, Jorski JD, Ho Q, Wang J, Kenny JR, Khojasteh SC, Zhang D. Identification of a Discrete Diglucuronide of GDC-0810 in Human Plasma after Oral Administration. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1284-1294. [PMID: 37349116 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.122.001071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
GDC-0810 is a small molecule therapeutic agent having potential to treat breast cancer. In plasma of the first-in-human study, metabolite M2, accounting for 20.7% of total drug-related materials, was identified as a discrete diglucuronide that was absent in rats. Acyl glucuronide M6 and N-glucuronide M4 were also identified as prominent metabolites in human plasma. Several in vitro studies were conducted in incubations of [14C]GDC-0810, synthetic M6 and M4 with liver microsomes, intestinal microsomes, and hepatocytes of different species as well as recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes to further understand the formation of M2. The results suggested that 1) M2 was more efficiently formed from M6 than from M4, and 2) acyl glucuronidation was mainly catalyzed by UGT1A8/7/1 that is highly expressed in the intestines whereas N-glucuronidation was mainly catalyzed by UGT1A4 that is expressed in the human liver. This complicated mechanism presented challenges in predicting M2 formation using human in vitro systems. The absence of M2 and M4 in rats can be explained by low to no expression of UGT1A4 in rodents. M2 could be the first discrete diglucuronide that was formed from both acyl- and N-glucuronidation on a molecule identified in human plasma. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A discrete diglucuronidation metabolite of GDC-0810, a breast cancer drug candidate, was characterized as a unique circulating metabolite in humans that was not observed in rats or little formed in human in vitro system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghong Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Dian Su
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Edna F Choo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Lichuan Liu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Sudheer Bobba
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Jamie D Jorski
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Quynh Ho
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Jane R Kenny
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| | - Donglu Zhang
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California (E.F.C., S.B., J.D.J., J.W., J.R.K., S.C.K., D.Z.); Pfizer, South San Francisco, California (C.Z.); Bicycle Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts (D.S.); Innovative Research BU, Yifan Pharmaceutical, Hangzhou, China (L.L.); and Abbvie Biotherapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, California (Q.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chan BK, Seward E, Lainchbury M, Brewer TF, An L, Blench T, Cartwright MW, Chan GKY, Choo EF, Drummond J, Elliott RL, Gancia E, Gazzard L, Hu B, Jones GE, Luo X, Madin A, Malhotra S, Moffat JG, Pang J, Salphati L, Sneeringer CJ, Stivala CE, Wei B, Wang W, Wu P, Heffron TP. Discovery of Spiro-azaindoline Inhibitors of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 (HPK1). ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 13:84-91. [PMID: 35059127 PMCID: PMC8762754 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is implicated as a negative regulator of T-cell receptor-induced T-cell activation. Studies using HPK1 kinase-dead knock-in animals have demonstrated the loss of HPK1 kinase activity resulted in an increase in T-cell function and tumor growth inhibition in glioma models. Herein, we describe the discovery of a series of small molecule inhibitors of HPK1. Using a structure-based drug design approach, the kinase selectivity of the molecules was significantly improved by inducing and stabilizing an unusual P-loop folded binding mode. The metabolic liabilities of the initial 7-azaindole high-throughput screening hit were mitigated by addressing a key metabolic soft spot along with physicochemical property-based optimization. The resulting spiro-azaindoline HPK1 inhibitors demonstrated improved in vitro ADME properties and the ability to induce cytokine production in primary human T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan K. Chan
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States,
| | - Eileen Seward
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lainchbury
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F. Brewer
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Toby Blench
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew W. Cartwright
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Grace Ka Yan Chan
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jason Drummond
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard L. Elliott
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuela Gancia
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Gazzard
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Baihua Hu
- Pharmaron
Beijing Co, No. 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Graham E. Jones
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Xifeng Luo
- Pharmaron
Beijing Co, No. 6 Tai He Road, BDA, Beijing 100176, P.R. China
| | - Andrew Madin
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8-9
Spire Green, Flex Meadow, Harlow, Essex CM19 5TR, United Kingdom
| | - Sushant Malhotra
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John G. Moffat
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jodie Pang
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Craig E. Stivala
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Binqing Wei
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Weiru Wang
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ping Wu
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Timothy P. Heffron
- Genentech
Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Singh Mali R, Zhang Q, DeFilippis RA, Cavazos A, Kuruvilla VM, Raman J, Mody V, Choo EF, Dail M, Shah NP, Konopleva M, Sampath D, Lasater EA. Venetoclax combines synergistically with FLT3 inhibition to effectively target leukemic cells in FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia models. Haematologica 2021; 106:1034-1046. [PMID: 32414851 PMCID: PMC8017817 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.244020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) mutations account for ~25% of adult acute myeloid leukemia cases and are associated with poor prognosis. Venetoclax, a selective BCL-2 inhibitor, has limited monotherapy activity in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia with no responses observed in a small subset of FLT3-ITD+ patients. Further, FLT3-ITD mutations emerged at relapse following venetoclax monotherapy and combination therapy suggesting a potential mechanism of resistance. Therefore, we investigated the convergence of FLT3-ITD signaling on the BCL-2 family proteins and determined combination activity of venetoclax and FLT3-ITD inhibition in preclinical models. In vivo, venetoclax combined with quizartinib, a potent FLT3 inhibitor, showed greater anti-tumor efficacy and prolonged survival compared to monotherapies. In a patient-derived FLT3-ITD+ xenograft model, cotreatment with venetoclax and quizartinib at clinically relevant doses had greater anti-tumor activity in the tumor microenvironment compared to quizartinib or venetoclax alone. Use of selective BCL-2 family inhibitors further identified a role for BCL-2, BCL-XL and MCL-1 in mediating survival in FLT3-ITD+ cells in vivo and highlighted the need to target all three proteins for greatest anti-tumor activity. Assessment of these combinations in vitro revealed synergistic combination activity for quizartinib and venetoclax but not for quizartinib combined with BCL-XL or MCL-1 inhibition. FLT3-ITD inhibition was shown to indirectly target both BCL-XL and MCL-1 through modulation of protein expression, thereby priming cells toward BCL-2 dependence for survival. These data demonstrate that FLT3-ITD inhibition combined with venetoclax has impressive anti-tumor activity in FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia preclinical models and provides strong mechanistic rational for clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Antonio Cavazos
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vinitha Mary Kuruvilla
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jayant Raman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Vidhi Mody
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edna F Choo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monique Dail
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at San Francisco, USA
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Lasater
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang L, Doherty GA, Judd AS, Tao ZF, Hansen TM, Frey RR, Song X, Bruncko M, Kunzer AR, Wang X, Wendt MD, Flygare JA, Catron ND, Judge RA, Park CH, Shekhar S, Phillips DC, Nimmer P, Smith ML, Tahir SK, Xiao Y, Xue J, Zhang H, Le PN, Mitten MJ, Boghaert ER, Gao W, Kovar P, Choo EF, Diaz D, Fairbrother WJ, Elmore SW, Sampath D, Leverson JD, Souers AJ. Discovery of A-1331852, a First-in-Class, Potent, and Orally-Bioavailable BCL-X L Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1829-1836. [PMID: 33062160 PMCID: PMC7549103 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
Herein
we describe the discovery of A-1331852, a first-in-class
orally active BCL-XL inhibitor that selectively and potently
induces apoptosis in BCL-XL-dependent tumor cells. This
molecule was generated by re-engineering our previously reported BCL-XL inhibitor A-1155463 using structure-based drug design. Key
design elements included rigidification of the A-1155463 pharmacophore
and introduction of sp3-rich moieties capable of generating
highly productive interactions within the key P4 pocket of BCL-XL. A-1331852 has since been used as a critical tool molecule
for further exploring BCL-2 family protein biology, while also representing
an attractive entry into a drug discovery program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - George A. Doherty
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew S. Judd
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Zhi-Fu Tao
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - T. Matthew Hansen
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Robin R. Frey
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xiaohong Song
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Milan Bruncko
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Aaron R. Kunzer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Xilu Wang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael D. Wendt
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John A. Flygare
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nathaniel D. Catron
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Russell A. Judge
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Chang H. Park
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Darren C. Phillips
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Paul Nimmer
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Morey L. Smith
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stephen K. Tahir
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Yu Xiao
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - John Xue
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Haichao Zhang
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Phuong N. Le
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael J. Mitten
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Erwin R. Boghaert
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Wenqing Gao
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Peter Kovar
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Dolores Diaz
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wayne J. Fairbrother
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven W. Elmore
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joel D. Leverson
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew James Souers
- AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mulder T, Bobba S, Johnson K, Grandner JM, Wang W, Zhang C, Cai J, Choo EF, Khojasteh SC, Zhang D. Bioactivation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Through Acyl Glucuronidation. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:819-829. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
|
6
|
Rajapaksa NS, Gobbi A, Drobnick J, Do S, Kolesnikov A, Liang J, Chen Y, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Huang Z, Brightbill H, Francis R, Yu C, Choo EF, DeMent K, Ran Y, An L, Emson C, Maher J, Wai J, McKenzie BS, Lupardus PJ, Zarrin AA, Kiefer JR, Bryan MC. Discovery of Potent Benzolactam IRAK4 Inhibitors with Robust in Vivo Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:327-333. [PMID: 32184965 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IRAK4 kinase activity transduces signaling from multiple IL-1Rs and TLRs to regulate cytokines and chemokines implicated in inflammatory diseases. As such, there is high interest in identifying selective IRAK4 inhibitors for the treatment of these disorders. We previously reported the discovery of potent and selective dihydrobenzofuran inhibitors of IRAK4. Subsequent studies, however, showed inconsistent inhibition in disease-relevant pharmacodynamic models. Herein, we describe application of a human whole blood assay to the discovery of a series of benzolactam IRAK4 inhibitors. We identified potent molecule 19 that achieves robust in vivo inhibition of cytokines relevant to human disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joy Drobnick
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Steven Do
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jun Liang
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi Apptech, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | | | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi Apptech, 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, P. R. China
| | - Brent S. McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick J. Lupardus
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ali A. Zarrin
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James R. Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Marian C. Bryan
- Genentech, Inc., One DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Katavolos P, Cain G, Farman C, Romero FA, Magnuson S, Ly JQ, Choo EF, Katakam AK, Andaya R, Maher J. Preclinical Safety Assessment of a Highly Selective and Potent Dual Small-Molecule Inhibitor of CBP/P300 in Rats and Dogs. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 48:465-480. [PMID: 32124659 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319898469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and EP300E1A-binding protein (p300) are members of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) family. These highly homologous proteins have a key role in modulating transcription, including altering the status of chromatin or through interactions with or posttranslational modifications of transcription factors. As CBP and p300 have known roles for stimulating c-Myc oncogenic activity, a small-molecule inhibitor, GNE-781, was developed to selectively and potently inhibit the CBP/p300 bromodomains (BRDs). Genetic models have been challenging to develop due to embryonic lethality arising from germline homozygous mutations in either CBP or P300. Hence, the purpose of this study was to characterize the role of dual inhibition of these proteins in adult rats and dogs. Repeat dose toxicity studies were conducted, and toxicologic and pathologic end points were assessed. GNE-781 was generally tolerated; however, marked effects on thrombopoiesis occurred in both species. Evidence of inhibition of erythroid, granulocytic, and lymphoid cell differentiation was also present, as well as deleterious changes in gastrointestinal and reproductive tissues. These findings are consistent with many preclinical (and clinical) effects reported with BET inhibitors targeting BRD proteins; thus, the current study findings indicate a likely important role for CBP/p300 in stem cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Katavolos
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gary Cain
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Farman
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Vet Path Services, Inc, Mason, OH, USA
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Medicinal Chemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA.,Terns Pharmaceuticals, San Mateo, CA, USA
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Medicinal Chemistry, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Justin Q Ly
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Edna F Choo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Roxanne Andaya
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Safety Assessment, Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bryan MC, Drobnick J, Gobbi A, Kolesnikov A, Chen Y, Rajapaksa N, Ndubaku C, Feng J, Chang W, Francis R, Yu C, Choo EF, DeMent K, Ran Y, An L, Emson C, Huang Z, Sujatha-Bhaskar S, Brightbill H, DiPasquale A, Maher J, Wai J, McKenzie BS, Lupardus PJ, Zarrin AA, Kiefer JR. Development of Potent and Selective Pyrazolopyrimidine IRAK4 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6223-6240. [PMID: 31082230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrazolopyrimidine inhibitors of IRAK4 were developed from a high-throughput screen (HTS). Modification of an HTS hit led to a series of bicyclic heterocycles with improved potency and kinase selectivity but lacking sufficient solubility to progress in vivo. Structure-based drug design, informed by cocrystal structures with the protein and small-molecule crystal structures, yielded a series of dihydrobenzofurans. This semisaturated bicycle provided superior druglike properties while maintaining excellent potency and selectivity. Improved physicochemical properties allowed for progression into in vivo experiments, where lead molecules exhibited low clearance and showed target-based inhibition of IRAK4 signaling in an inflammation-mediated PK/PD mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marian C Bryan
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Joy Drobnick
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Alberto Gobbi
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Aleksandr Kolesnikov
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Naomi Rajapaksa
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Chudi Ndubaku
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jianwen Feng
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Willy Chang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Christine Yu
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Kevin DeMent
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | | | - Hans Brightbill
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Antonio DiPasquale
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - John Wai
- WuXi Apptec , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone , Shanghai 200131 , P. R. China
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Patrick J Lupardus
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. , One DNA Way , South San Francisco , California 94080 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Zhu R, Ma F, Mao J, Chen EC, Choo EF, Sahasranaman S, Liu L. Assessment of OATP transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction using physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling - a case example. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2018; 39:420-430. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Rui Zhu
- Clinical Pharmacology; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Fang Ma
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Jialin Mao
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Eugene C. Chen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Lichuan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology; Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lai KW, Romero FA, Tsui V, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Bronner SM, Chen K, Chen Z, Choo EF, Crawford TD, Cyr P, Kaufman S, Li Y, Liao J, Liu W, Ly J, Murray J, Shen W, Wai J, Wang F, Zhu C, Zhu X, Magnuson S. Design and synthesis of a biaryl series as inhibitors for the bromodomains of CBP/P300. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:15-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
11
|
Bronner SM, Murray J, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Cyr P, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clark KR, Crawford TD, Jayaram H, Kaufman S, Li R, Li Y, Liao J, Liang X, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Wai J, Wang F, Zheng A, Zhu X, Magnuson S. A Unique Approach to Design Potent and Selective Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10151-10171. [PMID: 29155580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The epigenetic regulator CBP/P300 presents a novel therapeutic target for oncology. Previously, we disclosed the development of potent and selective CBP bromodomain inhibitors by first identifying pharmacophores that bind the KAc region and then building into the LPF shelf. Herein, we report the "hybridization" of a variety of KAc-binding fragments with a tetrahydroquinoline scaffold that makes optimal interactions with the LPF shelf, imparting enhanced potency and selectivity to the hybridized ligand. To demonstrate the utility of our hybridization approach, two analogues containing unique Asn binders and the optimized tetrahydroquinoline moiety were rapidly optimized to yield single-digit nanomolar inhibitors of CBP with exquisite selectivity over BRD4(1) and the broader bromodomain family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin R Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Editas Medicine, Inc. , 11 Hurley Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Zheng
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Choo EF, Salphati L. Leveraging Humanized Animal Models to Understand Human Drug Disposition: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:188-192. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F. Choo
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California USA
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc.; South San Francisco California USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Romero FA, Murray J, Lai KW, Tsui V, Albrecht BK, An L, Beresini MH, de Leon Boenig G, Bronner SM, Chan EW, Chen KX, Chen Z, Choo EF, Clagg K, Clark K, Crawford TD, Cyr P, de Almeida Nagata D, Gascoigne KE, Grogan JL, Hatzivassiliou G, Huang W, Hunsaker TL, Kaufman S, Koenig SG, Li R, Li Y, Liang X, Liao J, Liu W, Ly J, Maher J, Masui C, Merchant M, Ran Y, Taylor AM, Wai J, Wang F, Wei X, Yu D, Zhu BY, Zhu X, Magnuson S. GNE-781, A Highly Advanced Potent and Selective Bromodomain Inhibitor of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding Protein, Binding Protein (CBP). J Med Chem 2017; 60:9162-9183. [PMID: 28892380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the bromodomain of the transcriptional regulator CBP/P300 is an especially interesting new therapeutic approach in oncology. We recently disclosed in vivo chemical tool 1 (GNE-272) for the bromodomain of CBP that was moderately potent and selective over BRD4(1). In pursuit of a more potent and selective CBP inhibitor, we used structure-based design. Constraining the aniline of 1 into a tetrahydroquinoline motif maintained potency and increased selectivity 2-fold. Structure-activity relationship studies coupled with further structure-based design targeting the LPF shelf, BC loop, and KAc regions allowed us to significantly increase potency and selectivity, resulting in the identification of non-CNS penetrant 19 (GNE-781, TR-FRET IC50 = 0.94 nM, BRET IC50 = 6.2 nM; BRD4(1) IC50 = 5100 nΜ) that maintained good in vivo PK properties in multiple species. Compound 19 displays antitumor activity in an AML tumor model and was also shown to decrease Foxp3 transcript levels in a dose dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian K Albrecht
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Le An
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Sarah M Bronner
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin X Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kyle Clagg
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kevin Clark
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Patrick Cyr
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jane L Grogan
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Wei Huang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas L Hunsaker
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Stefan G Koenig
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ruina Li
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Colin Masui
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander M Taylor
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. , 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - John Wai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocang Wei
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Yu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Yan Zhu
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. , 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ly JQ, Messick K, Qin A, Takahashi RH, Choo EF. Utility of CYP3A4 and PXR-CAR-CYP3A4/3A7 Transgenic Mouse Models To Assess the Magnitude of CYP3A4 Mediated Drug–Drug Interactions. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:1754-1759. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Q. Ly
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kirsten Messick
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ann Qin
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Ryan H. Takahashi
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Crawford TD, Romero FA, Lai KW, Tsui V, Taylor AM, de Leon Boenig G, Noland CL, Murray J, Ly J, Choo EF, Hunsaker TL, Chan EW, Merchant M, Kharbanda S, Gascoigne KE, Kaufman S, Beresini MH, Liao J, Liu W, Chen KX, Chen Z, Conery AR, Côté A, Jayaram H, Jiang Y, Kiefer JR, Kleinheinz T, Li Y, Maher J, Pardo E, Poy F, Spillane KL, Wang F, Wang J, Wei X, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yen I, Zawadzke L, Zhu X, Bellon S, Cummings R, Cochran AG, Albrecht BK, Magnuson S. Discovery of a Potent and Selective in Vivo Probe (GNE-272) for the Bromodomains of CBP/EP300. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10549-10563. [PMID: 27682507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The single bromodomain of the closely related transcriptional regulators CBP/EP300 is a target of much recent interest in cancer and immune system regulation. A co-crystal structure of a ligand-efficient screening hit and the CBP bromodomain guided initial design targeting the LPF shelf, ZA loop, and acetylated lysine binding regions. Structure-activity relationship studies allowed us to identify a more potent analogue. Optimization of permeability and microsomal stability and subsequent improvement of mouse hepatocyte stability afforded 59 (GNE-272, TR-FRET IC50 = 0.02 μM, BRET IC50 = 0.41 μM, BRD4(1) IC50 = 13 μM) that retained the best balance of cell potency, selectivity, and in vivo PK. Compound 59 showed a marked antiproliferative effect in hematologic cancer cell lines and modulates MYC expression in vivo that corresponds with antitumor activity in an AML tumor model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry D Crawford
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - F Anthony Romero
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Kwong Wah Lai
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Vickie Tsui
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alexander M Taylor
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | | | - Cameron L Noland
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeremy Murray
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Justin Ly
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Edna F Choo
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Thomas L Hunsaker
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Emily W Chan
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mark Merchant
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Samir Kharbanda
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karen E Gascoigne
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Susan Kaufman
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Maureen H Beresini
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jiangpeng Liao
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Kevin X Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongguo Chen
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew R Conery
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Alexandre Côté
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Hariharan Jayaram
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Ying Jiang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - James R Kiefer
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tracy Kleinheinz
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yingjie Li
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jonathan Maher
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Eneida Pardo
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Florence Poy
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kerry L Spillane
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Fei Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaocang Wei
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowu Xu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongya Xu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Ivana Yen
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Laura Zawadzke
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Wuxi Apptec Co., Ltd. , 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Steven Bellon
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Richard Cummings
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrea G Cochran
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian K Albrecht
- Constellation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 215 First Street, Suite 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Steven Magnuson
- Genentech, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Takahashi RH, Ma S, Yue Q, Kim-Kang H, Yi Y, Ly J, Boggs JW, Fettes A, McClory A, Deng Y, Hop CECA, Khojasteh SC, Choo EF. Absorption, metabolism and excretion of cobimetinib, an oral MEK inhibitor, in rats and dogs. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:50-65. [PMID: 27055783 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1157645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The absorption, metabolism and excretion of cobimetinib, an allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2, was characterized in mass balance studies following single oral administration of radiolabeled (14C) cobimetinib to Sprague-Dawley rats (30 mg/kg) and Beagle dogs (5 mg/kg). 2. The oral dose of cobimetinib was well absorbed (81% and 71% in rats and dogs, respectively). The maximal plasma concentrations for cobimetinib and total radioactivity were reached at 2-3 h post-dose. Drug-derived radioactivity was fully recovered (∼90% of the administered dose) with the majority eliminated in feces via biliary excretion (78% of the dose for rats and 65% for dogs). The recoveries were nearly complete after the first 48 h following dosing. 3. The metabolic profiles indicated extensive metabolism of cobimetinib prior to its elimination. For rats, the predominant metabolic pathway was hydroxylation at the aromatic core. Lower exposures for cobimetinib and total radioactivity were observed in male rats compared with female rats, which was consistent to in vitro higher clearance of cobimetinib for male rats. For dogs, sequential oxidative reactions occurred at the aliphatic portion of the molecule. Though rat metabolism was well-predicted in vitro with liver microsomes, dog metabolism was not. 4. Rats and dogs were exposed to the two major human circulating Phase II metabolites, which provided relevant metabolite safety assessment. In general, the extensive sequential oxidative metabolism in dogs, and not the aromatic hydroxylation in rats, was more indicative of the metabolism of cobimetinib in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Takahashi
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shuguang Ma
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Qin Yue
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | | | - Yijun Yi
- b XenoBiotic Laboratories, Inc , Plainsboro , NJ , USA
| | - Justin Ly
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jason W Boggs
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Alec Fettes
- c Pharma Technical Development, Process Research & Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd , Basel , Switzerland , and
| | - Andrew McClory
- d Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Edna F Choo
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Genentech, Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takahashi RH, Choo EF, Ma S, Wong S, Halladay J, Deng Y, Rooney I, Gates M, Hop CECA, Khojasteh SC, Dresser MJ, Musib L. Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion, and the Contribution of Intestinal Metabolism to the Oral Disposition of [14C]Cobimetinib, a MEK Inhibitor, in Humans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:28-39. [PMID: 26451002 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of cobimetinib, a MEK inhibitor, were characterized in healthy male subjects (n = 6) following a single 20 mg (200 μCi) oral dose. Unchanged cobimetinib and M16 (glycine conjugate of hydrolyzed cobimetinib) were the major circulating species, accounting for 20.5% and 18.3% of the drug-related material in plasma up to 48 hours postdose, respectively. Other circulating metabolites were minor, accounting for less than 10% of drug-related material in plasma. The total recovery of the administered radioactivity was 94.3% (±1.6%, S.D.) with 76.5% (±2.3%) in feces and 17.8% (±2.5%) in urine. Metabolite profiling indicated that cobimetinib had been extensively metabolized with only 1.6% and 6.6% of the dose remaining as unchanged drug in urine and feces, respectively. In vitro phenotyping experiments indicated that CYP3A4 was predominantly responsible for metabolizing cobimetinib. From this study, we concluded that cobimetinib had been well absorbed (fraction absorbed, Fa = 0.88). Given this good absorption and the previously determined low hepatic clearance, the systemic exposures were lower than expected (bioavailability, F = 0.28). We hypothesized that intestinal metabolism had strongly attenuated the oral bioavailability of cobimetinib. Supporting this hypothesis, the fraction escaping gut wall elimination (Fg) was estimated to be 0.37 based on F and Fa from this study and the fraction escaping hepatic elimination (Fh) from the absolute bioavailability study (F = Fa × Fh × Fg). Physiologically based pharmacokinetics modeling also showed that intestinal clearance had to be included to adequately describe the oral profile. These collective data suggested that cobimetinib was well absorbed following oral administration and extensively metabolized with intestinal first-pass metabolism contributing to its disposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan H Takahashi
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Edna F Choo
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Shuguang Ma
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Susan Wong
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jason Halladay
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Isabelle Rooney
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mary Gates
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Cornelis E C A Hop
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - S Cyrus Khojasteh
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark J Dresser
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Luna Musib
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (R.H.T., E.F.C., S.M., S.W., J.H., Y.D., C.E.C.A.H., S.C.K.,), Product Development Oncology (I.R.), Early Clinical Development (M.G.), and Clinical Pharmacology (M.J.D, L.M.), Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Takahashi RH, Ma S, Robinson SJ, Yue Q, Choo EF, Khojasteh SC. Elucidating the Mechanisms of Formation for Two Unusual Cytochrome P450–Mediated Fused Ring Metabolites of GDC-0623, a MAPK/ERK Kinase Inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1929-33. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.067181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Choo EF, Woolsey S, DeMent K, Ly J, Messick K, Qin A, Takahashi R. Use of Transgenic Mouse Models to Understand the Oral Disposition and Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Cobimetinib, a MEK Inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:864-9. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
20
|
Choo EF, Ly J, Chan J, Shahidi-Latham SK, Messick K, Plise E, Quiason CM, Yang L. Role of P-glycoprotein on the brain penetration and brain pharmacodynamic activity of the MEK inhibitor cobimetinib. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4199-207. [PMID: 25243894 DOI: 10.1021/mp500435s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cobimetinib is a MEK inhibitor currently in clinical trials as an anticancer agent. The objectives of this study were to determine in vitro and in vivo if cobimetinib is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and/or breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1) and to assess the implications of efflux on cobimetinib pharmacokinetics (PK), brain penetration, and target modulation. Cell lines transfected with P-gp or Bcrp1 established that cobimetinib was a substrate of P-gp but not a substrate of Bcrp1. In vivo, after intravenous and oral administration of cobimetinib to FVB (wild-type; WT), Mdr1a/b(-/-), Bcrp1 (-/-), and Mdr1a/b(-/-)/Bcrp(-/-) knockout (KO) mice, clearance was similar in WT (35.5 ± 16.7 mL/min/kg) and KO animals (22.0 ± 3.6 to 27.6 ± 5.2 mL/min/kg); oral exposure was also similar between WT and KO animals. After an oral 10 mg/kg dose of cobimetinib, the mean total brain to plasma ratio (Kp) at 6 h postdose was 0.3 and 0.2 in WT and Bcrp1(-/-) mice, respectively. In Mdr1a/b(-/-) and Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp1(-/-) KO mice and WT mice treated with elacridar (a P-gp and BCRP inhibitor), Kp increased to 11, 6, and 7, respectively. Increased brain exposure in Mdr1a/b(-/-) and Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp1(-/-) KO and elacridar treated mice was accompanied by up to ∼65% suppression of the target (pErk) in brain tissue, compared to WT mice. By MALDI imaging, the cobimetinib signal intensity was relatively high and was dispersed throughout the brain of Mdr1a/1b/Bcrp1(-/-) KO mice compared to low/undetectable signal intensity in WT mice. The efflux of cobimetinib by P-gp may have implications for the treatment of patients with brain tumors/metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Koehler MFT, Bergeron P, Choo EF, Lau K, Ndubaku C, Dudley D, Gibbons P, Sleebs BE, Rye CS, Nikolakopoulos G, Bui C, Kulasegaram S, Kersten WJA, Smith BJ, Czabotar PE, Colman PM, Huang DCS, Baell JB, Watson KG, Hasvold L, Tao ZF, Wang L, Souers AJ, Elmore SW, Flygare JA, Fairbrother WJ, Lessene G. Structure-Guided Rescaffolding of Selective Antagonists of BCL-XL. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:662-7. [PMID: 24944740 DOI: 10.1021/ml500030p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the promise of BCL-2 antagonists in combating chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), interest in additional selective antagonists of antiapoptotic proteins has grown. Beginning with a series of selective, potent BCL-XL antagonists containing an undesirable hydrazone functionality, in silico design and X-ray crystallography were utilized to develop alternative scaffolds that retained the selectivity and potency of the starting compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Brad E. Sleebs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl S. Rye
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Nikolakopoulos
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chinh Bui
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sanji Kulasegaram
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wilhelmus J. A. Kersten
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian J. Smith
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter E. Czabotar
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter M. Colman
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C. S. Huang
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan B. Baell
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keith G. Watson
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Hasvold
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Zhi-Fu Tao
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Le Wang
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Andrew J. Souers
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Steven W. Elmore
- AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | | | | | - Guillaume Lessene
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boggs JW, Hop CECA, McNamara E, Deng Y, Messick K, West K, Choo EF. Assessment of the Hepatic CYP Reductase Null Mouse Model and Its Potential Application in Drug Discovery. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:1062-8. [DOI: 10.1021/mp400556x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason W. Boggs
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Cornelis E. C. A. Hop
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Erin McNamara
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Yuzhong Deng
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Kirsten Messick
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Kristina West
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, ‡Cell Signaling Pathways and Translational
Oncology, and §Non-clinical Operations, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choo EF, Boggs J, Zhu C, Lubach JW, Catron ND, Jenkins G, Souers AJ, Voorman R. The role of lymphatic transport on the systemic bioavailability of the Bcl-2 protein family inhibitors navitoclax (ABT-263) and ABT-199. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:207-12. [PMID: 24212376 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.055053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Navitoclax (ABT-263), a Bcl-2 family inhibitor and ABT-199, a Bcl-2 selective inhibitor, are high molecular weight, high logP molecules that show low solubility in aqueous media. While these properties are associated with low oral bioavailability (F), both navitoclax and ABT-199 showed moderate F in preclinical species. The objective of the described study was to determine if lymphatic transport contributes to the systemic availability of navitoclax and ABT-199 in dogs. The intravenous pharmacokinetics of navitoclax and ABT-199 were determined in intact (noncannulated) dogs. In oral studies, tablets (100 mg) of navitoclax and ABT-199 were administered to both intact and thoracic lymph duct-cannulated (TDC) dogs. The clearance of navitoclax and ABT-199 was low; 0.673 and 0.779 ml/min per kilogram, respectively. The volume of distribution of both compounds was low (0.5-0.7 l/kg). The half-lives of navitoclax and ABT-199 were 22.2 and 12.9 hours, respectively. The F of navitoclax and ABT-199 were 56.5 and 38.8%, respectively, in fed intact dogs. In fed TDC dogs, 13.5 and 4.67% of the total navitoclax and ABT-199 doses were observed in lymph with the % F of navitoclax and ABT-199 of 21.7 and 20.2%, respectively. The lower lymphatic transport of ABT-199 corresponds to the lower overall % F of ABT-199 versus navitoclax despite similar systemic availability via the portal vein (similar % F in TDC animals). This is consistent with the higher long chain triglyceride solubility of navitoclax (9.2 mg/ml) versus ABT-199 (2.2 mg/ml). In fasted TDC animals, lymph transport of navitoclax and ABT-199 decreased by 1.8-fold and 10-fold, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Departments of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (E.F.C., J.B.) and Pharmaceutics (J.W.L.), Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California; Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, WuXi AppTec (Suzhou) Co., Ltd, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province ,China (C.Z.); Departments of Physical Chemistry (N.D.C.), Drug Metabolism (G.J., R.V.) and Cancer Research (A.J.S.), AbbVie, North Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cui Y, Chiang PC, Choo EF, Boggs J, Rudolph J, Grina J, Wenglowsky S, Ran Y. Systemic in vitro and in vivo evaluation for determining the feasibility of making an amorphous solid dispersion of a B-Raf (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) inhibitor. Int J Pharm 2013; 454:241-8. [PMID: 23834830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well acknowledged that oral bioavailability of a drug candidate is often influenced by factors such as the permeability, physico-chemical properties, and metabolism of the drug. Among the physico-chemical properties, solubility and dissolution rate are considered the most critical factors affecting the oral bioavailability of a compound G-F is a potent and selective B-Raf inhibitor with poor solubility and adsorption is limited by solubility at high doses. In order to overcome this issue using a spray-dried amorphous dispersion (SDD) formulation was evaluated. A combination of theoretical solubility prediction and in vitro dissolution, were used to predict the in vivo exposure of G-F. The predicted value was found to have good agreement with the in vivo exposure from dosing the crystalline and amorphous form of G-F. In general, this combined approach demonstrated that the amorphous form of G-F offers an advantage over the crystalline form of G-F in terms of solubility; in vitro dissolution and in vivo absorption were predictable and consistent with the literature. This systemic approach provides a great value for compound development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kim JS, Nafziger AN, Tsunoda SM, Choo EF, Streetman DS, Kashuba ADM, Kulawy RW, Beck DJ, Rocci ML, Wilkinson GR, Greenblatt DJ, Bertino JS. Limited Sampling Strategy to Predict AUC of the CYP3A Phenotyping Probe Midazolam in Adults: Application to Various Assay Techniques. J Clin Pharmacol 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/00912700222011418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
Choo EF, Ng CM, Berry L, Belvin M, Lewin-Koh N, Merchant M, Salphati L. PK-PD modeling of combination efficacy effect from administration of the MEK inhibitor GDC-0973 and PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 in A2058 xenografts. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2012; 71:133-43. [PMID: 23053270 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-012-1988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutations and activations of the MEK and PI3K pathways are associated with the development of many cancers. GDC-0973 and GDC-0941 are inhibitors of MEK and PI3K, respectively, currently being evaluated clinically in combination as anti-cancer treatment. The objective of these studies was to characterize the relationship between the plasma concentrations of GDC-0973 and GDC-0941 administered in combination and efficacy in A2058 melanoma xenograft. METHODS GDC-0973 and GDC-0941 were administered to A2058 tumor-bearing mice daily (QD) or every third day (Q3D) either as single agents or in combination. A semi-mechanistic population anti-cancer model was developed to simultaneously describe the tumor growth following QD/Q3D single-agent and QD combination treatments. The interaction terms ψ included in the model were used to assess whether the combination was additive. Using this model, data from the Q3D combination regimen were simulated and compared with the observed tumor volumes. RESULTS The model consisting of saturable tumor growth provided the best fit of the data. The estimates for ψ were not significantly different from 1, suggesting an additive effect of GDC-0973 and GDC-0941 on tumor growth inhibition. The population rate constants associated with tumor growth inhibition for GDC-0973 and GDC-0941 were 0.00102 and 0000651 μM(-1) h(-1), respectively. Using the model based on single-agent and QD combination efficacy data, simulations adequately described the tumor growth from the Q3D combination regimen. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that, based on minimal data, it is possible to predict the effects of various combinations preclinically and also assess the potential clinical efficacy of combinations using human pharmacokinetic inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wong H, Choo EF, Alicke B, Ding X, La H, McNamara E, Theil FP, Tibbitts J, Friedman LS, Hop CE, Gould SE. Antitumor Activity of Targeted and Cytotoxic Agents in Murine Subcutaneous Tumor Models Correlates with Clinical Response. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3846-55. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
28
|
Wong H, Vernillet L, Peterson A, Ware JA, Lee L, Martini JF, Yu P, Li C, Del Rosario G, Choo EF, Hoeflich KP, Shi Y, Aftab BT, Aoyama R, Lam ST, Belvin M, Prescott J. Bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical studies using pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling: an analysis of GDC-0973, a MEK inhibitor. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:3090-9. [PMID: 22496205 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE GDC-0973 is a potent and selective mitogen-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK) inhibitor. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling was used to relate GDC-0973 plasma and tumor concentrations, tumor pharmacodynamics and antitumor efficacy to establish pharmacokinetic endpoints and predict active doses in the clinic. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A PK-PD model was used to characterize GDC-0973 tumor disposition and in vivo potency in WM-266-4 xenograft mice. Simulations were conducted using the PK-PD model along with human pharmacokinetics to identify a target plasma concentration and predict active doses. In vivo potency and antitumor efficacy were characterized in A375 melanoma xenograft mice, and a population-based integrated PK-PD-efficacy model was used to relate tumor pharmacodynamics (%pERK decrease) to antitumor activity. RESULTS GDC-0973 showed a sustained tumor pharmacodynamic response due to longer residence in tumor than in plasma. Following single doses of GDC-0973, estimated in vivo IC(50) values of %pERK decrease based on tumor concentrations in xenograft mice were 0.78 (WM-266-4) and 0.52 μmol/L (A375). Following multiple doses of GDC-0973, the estimated in vivo IC(50) value in WM-266-4 increased (3.89 μmol/L). Human simulations predicted a minimum target plasma concentration of 83 nmol/L and an active dose range of 28 to 112 mg. The steep relationship between tumor pharmacodynamics (%pERK decrease) and antitumor efficacy suggests a pathway modulation threshold beyond which antitumor efficacy switches on. CONCLUSIONS Clinical observations of %pERK decrease and antitumor activity were consistent with model predictions. This article illustrates how PK-PD modeling can improve the translation of preclinical data to humans by providing a means to integrate preclinical and early clinical data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Wong
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, MS 412a, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cutler MJ, Choo EF. Overview of SLC22A and SLCO families of drug uptake transporters in the context of cancer treatments. Curr Drug Metab 2012; 12:793-807. [PMID: 21787263 DOI: 10.2174/138920011798357060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of many anticancer agents is dependent on their disposition to the intracellular space of cancerous tissue. Accumulation of anticancer drugs at their sites of action can be altered by both uptake and efflux transport proteins, however the majority of research on the disposition of anticancer drugs has focused on drug efflux transporters and their ability to confer multidrug resistance. Here we review the roles of uptake transporters of the SLC22A and SLCO families in the context of cancer therapy. The many first-line anticancer drugs that are substrates of organic cation transporters (OCTs) organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTNs) and organic anion- transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are summarized. In addition, where data is available a comparison of the localization of drug uptake transporters in healthy and cancerous tissues is provided. Expression of drug uptake transporters increases the sensitivity of cancer cell lines to anticancer substrates. Furthermore, early observational studies have suggested a causal link between drug uptake transporter expression and positive outcome in some cancers. Quantification of drug transporters by mass spectrometry will provide an essential technique for generation of expression data during future observational clinical studies. Screening of drug uptake transporter expression in primary tumors may help differentiate between susceptible and resistant cancers prior to therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murray J Cutler
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mathieu S, Gradl SN, Ren L, Wen Z, Aliagas I, Gunzner-Toste J, Lee W, Pulk R, Zhao G, Alicke B, Boggs JW, Buckmelter AJ, Choo EF, Dinkel V, Gloor SL, Gould SE, Hansen JD, Hastings G, Hatzivassiliou G, Laird ER, Moreno D, Ran Y, Voegtli WC, Wenglowsky S, Grina J, Rudolph J. Potent and Selective Aminopyrimidine-Based B-Raf Inhibitors with Favorable Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties. J Med Chem 2012; 55:2869-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300016v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Mathieu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Stefan N. Gradl
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Li Ren
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Ignacio Aliagas
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Janet Gunzner-Toste
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Wendy Lee
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Rebecca Pulk
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Bruno Alicke
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jason W. Boggs
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Alex J. Buckmelter
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Victoria Dinkel
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Susan L. Gloor
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Stephen E. Gould
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Joshua D. Hansen
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Gregg Hastings
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Ellen R. Laird
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - David Moreno
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Walter C. Voegtli
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Steve Wenglowsky
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Jonas Grina
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut
Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way,
South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Choo EF, Belvin M, Boggs J, Deng Y, Hoeflich KP, Ly J, Merchant M, Orr C, Plise E, Robarge K, Martini JF, Kassees R, Aoyama RG, Ramaiya A, Johnston SH. Preclinical disposition of GDC-0973 and prospective and retrospective analysis of human dose and efficacy predictions. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:919-27. [PMID: 22315332 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
[3,4-Difluoro-2-(2-fluoro-4-iodo-phenylamino)-phenyl]-((S)-3-hydroxy-3-piperidin-2-yl-azetidin-1-yl)-methanone (GDC-0973) is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 (MEK1/2), a MAPK kinase that activates ERK1/2. The objectives of these studies were to characterize the disposition of GDC-0973 in preclinical species and to determine the relationship of GDC-0973 plasma concentrations to efficacy in Colo205 mouse xenograft models. The clearance (CL) of GDC-0973 was moderate in mouse (33.5 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1)), rat (37.9 ± 7.2 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1)), and monkey (29.6 ± 8.5 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1)). CL in dog was low (5.5 ± 0.3 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1)). The volume of distribution across species was large, 6-fold to 15-fold body water; half-lives ranged from 4 to 13 h. Protein binding in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and human was high, with percentage unbound, 1 to 6%. GDC-0973-related radioactivity was rapidly and extensively distributed to tissues; however, low concentrations were observed in the brain. In rats and dogs, [(14)C]GDC-0973 was well absorbed (fraction absorbed, 70-80%). The majority of [(14)C]GDC-0973-related radioactivity was recovered in the bile of rat (74-81%) and dog (65%). The CL and volume of distribution of GDC-0973 in human, predicted by allometry, was 2.9 ml · min(-1) · kg(-1) and 9.9 l/kg, respectively. The predicted half-life was 39 h. To characterize the relationship between plasma concentration of GDC-0973 and tumor growth inhibition, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling was applied using an indirect response model. The KC(50) value for tumor growth inhibition in Colo205 xenografts was estimated to be 0.389 μM, and the predicted clinical efficacious dose was ∼10 mg. Taken together, these data are useful in assessing the disposition of GDC-0973, and where available, comparisons with human data were made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Choo EF, Alicke B, Boggs J, Dinkel V, Gould S, Grina J, West K, Menghrajani K, Ran Y, Rudolph J, Wenglowsky S. Preclinical assessment of novel BRAF inhibitors: integrating pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling in the drug discovery process. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:1076-87. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.603384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
33
|
Wenglowsky S, Ren L, Ahrendt KA, Laird ER, Aliagas I, Alicke B, Buckmelter AJ, Choo EF, Dinkel V, Feng B, Gloor SL, Gould SE, Gross S, Gunzner-Toste J, Hansen JD, Hatzivassiliou G, Liu B, Malesky K, Mathieu S, Newhouse B, Raddatz NJ, Ran Y, Rana S, Randolph N, Risom T, Rudolph J, Savage S, Selby LT, Shrag M, Song K, Sturgis HL, Voegtli WC, Wen Z, Willis BS, Woessner RD, Wu WI, Young WB, Grina J. Pyrazolopyridine Inhibitors of B-Raf(V600E). Part 1: The Development of Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Efficacious Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:342-7. [PMID: 24900315 DOI: 10.1021/ml200025q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The V600E mutation of B-Raf kinase results in constitutive activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and is present in approximately 7% of all cancers. Using structure-based design, a novel series of pyrazolopyridine inhibitors of B-Raf(V600E) was developed. Optimization led to the identification of 3-methoxy pyrazolopyridines 17 and 19, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable agents that inhibited tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model driven by B-Raf(V600E) with no effect on body weight. On the basis of their in vivo efficacy and preliminary safety profiles, 17 and 19 were selected for further preclinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Wenglowsky
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Li Ren
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kateri A. Ahrendt
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Ellen R. Laird
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Ignacio Aliagas
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Bruno Alicke
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Alex J. Buckmelter
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Edna F. Choo
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Victoria Dinkel
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Bainian Feng
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Susan L. Gloor
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Stephen E. Gould
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Stefan Gross
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Janet Gunzner-Toste
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Joshua D. Hansen
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Bonnie Liu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Kim Malesky
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Simon Mathieu
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Brad Newhouse
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Yingqing Ran
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Sumeet Rana
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Nikole Randolph
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Tyler Risom
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Joachim Rudolph
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Scott Savage
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - LeAnn T. Selby
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Michael Shrag
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Kyung Song
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Hillary L. Sturgis
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Walter C. Voegtli
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Zhaoyang Wen
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Brandon S. Willis
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | | | - Wen-I Wu
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Wendy B. Young
- Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080-4990, United States
| | - Jonas Grina
- Array BioPharma, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choo EF, Belvin M, Chan J, Hoeflich K, Orr C, Robarge K, Yang X, Zak M, Boggs J. Preclinical disposition and pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamic modeling of biomarker response and tumour growth inhibition in xenograft mouse models of G-573, a MEK inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2011; 40:751-62. [PMID: 20836753 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2010.514365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) pathway is a key signalling pathway that regulates cell proliferation. G-573 is an allosteric inhibitor of MEK that is both potent and selective. The objectives of these studies were to characterize the disposition of G-573 in preclinical species and to determine the relationship of G-573 plasma concentrations to pERK (phosphorylated ERK) and to tumour growth inhibition in HCT116 and H2122 mouse xenograft models. The clearance of G-573 was low in mouse (7.7 ml/min/kg), rat (2.24 ml/min/kg), dog (10 ml/min/kg), and cynomolgus monkey (0.754 ml/min/kg) while volumes of distribution (0.114-1.77 l/kg) was low to moderate, resulting in moderate half-lives across species (~2-9 h). Indirect response models were used to characterize the relationship between plasma concentration of G-573 to both pERK inhibition and tumour growth inhibition. The IC(50) value for pERK inhibition in HCT116 tumours by G-573 was estimated to be 0.406 µM. The IC(50) values for tumour growth inhibition in HCT116 and H2122 were estimated to be 3.43 and 2.56 µM, respectively. ED(50) estimates in HCT116 and H2122 mouse xenograft models were estimated to be ~4.6 and 1.9 mg/kg/day, respectively. The information from these studies provides useful information when characterizing candidates for potential further clinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Choo EF, Driscoll JP, Feng J, Liederer B, Plise E, Randolph N, Shin Y, Wong S, Ran Y. Disposition of GDC-0879, a B-RAF kinase inhibitor in preclinical species. Xenobiotica 2009; 39:700-9. [PMID: 19552528 DOI: 10.1080/00498250902991827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1. The pharmacokinetics and disposition of GDC-0879, a small molecule B-RAF kinase inhibitor, was characterized in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey. 2. In mouse and monkey, clearance (CL) of GDC-0879 was moderate (18.7-24.3 and 14.5 +/- 2.1 ml min(-1) kg(-1), respectively), low in dog (5.84 +/- 1.06 ml min(-1) kg(-1)) and high in rat (86.9 +/- 14.2 ml min(-1) kg(-1)). The volume of distribution across species ranged from 0.49 to 1.9 l kg(-1). Mean terminal half-life values ranged from 0.28 h in rats to 2.97 h in dogs. Absolute oral bioavailability ranged from 18% in dog to 65% in mouse. 3. Plasma protein binding of GDC-0879 in mouse, rat, dog, monkey, and humans ranged from 68.8% to 81.9%. 4. In dog, the major ketone metabolite (G-030748) of GDC-0879 appeared to be formation rate-limited. 5. Based on assessment in dogs, the absorption of GDC-0879 appeared to be sensitive to changes in gut pH, food and salt form (solubililty), with approximately three- to four-fold change in areas under the curve (AUCs) observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Choo
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wong H, Belvin M, Herter S, Hoeflich KP, Murray LJ, Wong L, Choo EF. Pharmacodynamics of 2-[4-[(1E)-1-(hydroxyimino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl]-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethan-1-ol (GDC-0879), a potent and selective B-Raf kinase inhibitor: understanding relationships between systemic concentrations, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 inhibition, and efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2009; 329:360-7. [PMID: 19147858 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.148189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway is involved in cellular responses relevant to tumorigenesis, including cell proliferation, invasion, survival, and angiogenesis. 2-[4-[(1E)-1-(Hydroxyimino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl]-3-(pyridine-4-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethan-1-ol (GDC-0879) is a novel, potent, and selective B-Raf inhibitor. The objective of this study was to characterize the relationship between GDC-0879 plasma concentrations and tumor growth inhibition in A375 melanoma and Colo205 colon cancer xenografts and to understand the pharmacodynamic (PD) marker response requirements [phosphorylated (p)MEK1 inhibition] associated with tumor growth inhibition in A375 xenografts. Estimates of GDC-0879 plasma concentrations required for tumor stasis obtained from fitting tumor data to indirect response models were comparable, at 4.48 and 3.27 microM for A375 and Colo205 xenografts, respectively. This was consistent with comparable in vitro potency of GDC-0879 in both cell lines. The relationship between GDC-0879 plasma concentrations and pMEK1 inhibition in the tumor was characterized in A375 xenografts after oral doses of 35, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Fitting pMEK1 inhibition to an indirect response model provided an IC(50) estimate of 3.06 microM. pMEK1 inhibition was further linked to A375 tumor volume data from nine different GDC-0879 dosing regimens using an integrated pharmacokinetic-PD model. A simulated PD marker response curve plot of K (rate constant describing tumor growth inhibition) versus pMEK1 inhibition generated using pharmacodynamic parameters estimated from this model, showed a steep pMEK1 inhibition-response curve consistent with an estimated Hill coefficient of approximately equal 8. A threshold of >40% pMEK1 inhibition is required for tumor growth inhibition, and a minimum of approximately 60% pMEK1 inhibition is required for stasis in A375 xenografts treated with GDC-0879.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Wong
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kalgutkar AS, Feng B, Nguyen HT, Frederick KS, Campbell SD, Hatch HL, Bi YA, Kazolias DC, Davidson RE, Mireles RJ, Duignan DB, Choo EF, Zhao SX. Role of transporters in the disposition of the selective phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor (+)-2-[4-({[2-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-pyridine-3-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-3-fluoro-phenoxy]-propionic acid in rat and human. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:2111-8. [PMID: 17686907 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.016162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of transporters in the disposition of (+)-2-[4-({[2-(benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yloxy)-pyridine-3-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-3-fluoro-phenoxy]-propionic acid (CP-671,305), an orally active inhibitor of phosphodiesterase-4, was examined. In bile duct-exteriorized rats, a 7.4-fold decrease in the half-life of CP-671,305 was observed, implicating enterohepatic recirculation. Statistically significant differences in CP-671,305 pharmacokinetics (clearance and area under the curve) were discernible in cyclosporin A- or rifampicin-pretreated rats. Considering that cyclosporin A and rifampicin inhibit multiple uptake/efflux transporters, the interactions of CP-671,305 with major human hepatic drug transporters, multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP), and organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATPs) were evaluated in vitro. CP-671,305 was identified as a substrate of MRP2 and BCRP, but not MDR1. CP-671,305 was a substrate of human OATP2B1 with a high affinity (Km = 4 microM) but not a substrate for human OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. Consistent with these results, examination of hepatobiliary transport of CP-671,305 in hepatocytes indicated active uptake followed by efflux into bile canaliculi. Upon examination as a substrate for major rat hepatic Oatps, CP-671,305 displayed high affinity (Km = 12 microM) for Oatp1a4. The role of rat Mrp2 in the biliary excretion was also examined in Mrp2-deficient rats. The observations that CP-671,305 pharmacokinetics were largely unaltered suggested that compromised biliary clearance of CP-671,305 was compensated by increased urinary clearance. Overall, these studies suggest that hepatic transporters play an important role in the disposition and clearance of CP-671,305 in rat and human, and as such, these studies should aid in the design of clinical drug-drug interaction studies.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Animals
- Bile/metabolism
- CHO Cells
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Hepatocytes/cytology
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Membrane Transport Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Independent/metabolism
- Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/chemistry
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/metabolism
- Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics
- Propionates/chemistry
- Propionates/metabolism
- Propionates/pharmacokinetics
- Pyridines/chemistry
- Pyridines/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacokinetics
- Rats
- Rats, Mutant Strains
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats, Wistar
- Transfection
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dyamics, and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Choo EF, Kurnik D, Muszkat M, Ohkubo T, Shay SD, Higginbotham JN, Glaeser H, Kim RB, Wood AJJ, Wilkinson GR. Differential in vivo sensitivity to inhibition of P-glycoprotein located in lymphocytes, testes, and the blood-brain barrier. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317:1012-8. [PMID: 16537797 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.099648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A major functional component of the blood-brain barrier is P-glycoprotein. In principle, inhibition of this efflux transporter would permit greater distribution of its substrates into the brain and increased central effects. Tariquidar and elacridar, potent and selective P-glycoprotein inhibitors, were investigated in this regard using the opioid loperamide as an in vivo probe in mice. Pretreatment with both inhibitors converted intravenous loperamide from a drug without central effects to one producing antinociception. Radiolabeled loperamide tissue distribution studies indicated that inhibition was associated with increased uptake into brain and testes in the absence of changes in plasma levels, along with enhanced efflux of rhodamine 123 from CD3e+ T-lymphocytes. However, with tariquidar, the loperamide dose-response curves for testes/plasma and brain/plasma concentration ratios were shifted 6- (p = 0.07) and 25-fold (p < 0.01) to the right, respectively (ED50 = 1.48 and 5.65 mg/kg), compared with the rhodamine 123 efflux curve (ED50 0.25 mg/kg). Less pronounced shifts were noted with elacridar where the brain/plasma ratio was shifted only 2-fold relative to the rhodamine 123 efflux data (ED50 = 2.36 versus 1.34 mg/kg, respectively; p 0.01). These results indicate that the P-glycoprotein localized in the blood-brain barrier and, to a lesser extent, the testes-blood barrier is more resistant to inhibition than at other tissue sites such as the lymphocyte; moreover, the extent of this effect depends on the inhibitor. Such resistance can be overcome by a sufficiently high dose of an inhibitor; however, whether this is safely attainable in the clinical situation remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edna F Choo
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kalgutkar AS, Hatch HL, Kosea F, Nguyen HT, Choo EF, McClure KF, Taylor TJ, Henne KR, Kuperman AV, Dombroski MA, Letavic MA. Preclinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 6-(4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)oxazol-5-yl)-3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine, a novel and selective p38α inhibitor: identification of an active metabolite in preclinical species and human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2006; 27:371-86. [PMID: 16944451 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The disposition of 6-(4-(2,5-difluorophenyl)oxazol-5-yl)-3-isopropyl-[1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine (1), a potent and selective inhibitor of mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase p38alpha, was characterized in several animal species in support of its selection for preclinical safety studies and potential clinical development. 1 demonstrated generally favorable pharmacokinetic properties in all species examined. Following intravenous (i.v.) administration, 1 exhibited low volumes of distribution at steady state (Vd(ss)) ranging from 0.4-1.3 l/kg (2.4-26 l/m(2)) in the rat, dog and monkey. Systemic plasma clearance was low in cynomolgus monkeys (6.00 ml/min/kg, 72.0 ml/min/m(2)) and Sprague-Dawley rats (7.65+/-1.08 ml/min/kg, 45.9+/-6.48 ml/min/m(2) in male rats and 3.15+/-0.27 ml/min/kg, 18.9+/-1.62 ml/min/m(2) in female rats) and moderate in beagle dogs (12.3+/-5.1 ml/min/kg, 246+/-102 ml/min/m(2)) resulting in plasma half-lives ranging from 1 to 5 h in preclinical species. Moderate to high bioavailability of 1 was observed in rats (30-65%), dogs (87%) and monkeys (40%) after oral (p.o.) dosing consistent with the in vitro absorption profile of 1 in the Caco-2 permeability assay. In rats, the oral pharmacokinetics were dose dependent over the dose range studied (5, 50 and 100 mg/kg). The principal route of clearance of 1 in rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsomes and in vivo in preclinical species involved oxidative metabolism mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. The major metabolic fate of 1 in preclinical species and humans involved hydroxylation on the isopropyl group to yield the tertiary alcohol metabolite 2. In human liver microsomes, this transformation was catalysed by CYP3A4 as judged from reaction phenotyping analysis using isozyme-specific inhibitors and recombinant CYP enzymes. Metabolite 2 was also shown to possess inhibitory potency against p38alpha in a variety of in vitro assays. 1 as well as the active metabolite 2 were moderately to highly bound to plasma proteins (f(u) approximately 0.1-0.33) in rat, mouse, dog, monkey and human. 1 as well as the active metabolite 2 did not exhibit competitive inhibition of the five major cytochrome P450 enzymes namely CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 (IC(50)>50 microM). Overall, these results indicate that the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) profile of 1 is relatively consistent across preclinical species and predict potentially favorable pharmacokinetic properties in humans, supporting its selection for toxicity/safety assessment studies and possible investigations in humans as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Choo EF, Venkatakrishnan K, Hatch HL, Rahematpura S. Disposition of Cisapride Appears to be Influenced by P-glycoprotein in the Mouse. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005; 77:225-6. [PMID: 15735616 DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Rogers JF, Nafziger AN, Kashuba ADM, Streetman DS, Rocci ML, Choo EF, Wilkinson GR, Bertino JS. Single plasma concentrations of 1'-hydroxymidazolam or the ratio of 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam do not predict midazolam clearance in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 42:1079-82. [PMID: 12362920 DOI: 10.1177/009127002401382614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 30-minute ratio of 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam plasma concentrations has been used as a measure of midazolam clearance in liver transplant patients. This study determined if a single concentration of 1'-hydroxymidazolam or the ratio of 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam could be used to predict midazolam clearance in healthy subjects. Plasma midazolam and 1'-hydroxymidazolam concentrations from three previous studies were used for analyses. Data obtained predose and at 5, 30, 60, 120, 240, 300, and 360 minutes following intravenous doses of midazolam in 61 adults were divided and used to derive and validate equations to predict midazolam clearance. Equations were derived using linear regression and then validated by comparing predicted to observed clearance. Only one equation was related to midazolam clearance as afunction of 1'-hydroxymidazolam, but it did not predict midazolam clearance (r = 0.29, p = 0.31). Single sampling of 1'-hydroxymidazolam or 1'-hydroxymidazolam:midazolam plasma concentrations cannot be used to predict midazolam clearance in healthy adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janyce F Rogers
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York 13326-1394, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Rogers JF, Nafziger AN, Kashuba ADM, Streetman DS, Rocci ML, Choo EF, Wilkinson GR, Bertino JS. Single Plasma Concentrations of 1′‐Hydroxymidazolam or the Ratio of 1′‐Hydroxymidazolam: Midazolam Do Not Predict Midazolam Clearance in Healthy Subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/009127002237986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janyce F. Rogers
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
| | - Anne N. Nafziger
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
- Department of Medicine, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
| | | | | | - Mario L. Rocci
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Analysis, Oneida Research Services, Inc., Whitesboro, New York
| | | | | | - Joseph S. Bertino
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
- Department of Medicine, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, New York
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim JS, Nafziger AN, Tsunoda SM, Choo EF, Streetman DS, Kashuba ADM, Kulawy RW, Beck DJ, Rocci ML, Wilkinson GR, Greenblatt DJ, Bertino JS. Limited Sampling Strategy to Predict AUC of the CYP3A Phenotyping Probe Midazolam in Adults: Application to Various Assay Techniques. J Clin Pharmacol 2002. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270002424002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
44
|
Kim RB, Leake BF, Choo EF, Dresser GK, Kubba SV, Schwarz UI, Taylor A, Xie HG, McKinsey J, Zhou S, Lan LB, Schuetz JD, Schuetz EG, Wilkinson GR. Identification of functionally variant MDR1 alleles among European Americans and African Americans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001; 70:189-99. [PMID: 11503014 DOI: 10.1067/mcp.2001.117412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MDR1 (P-glycoprotein) is an important factor in the disposition of many drugs, and the involved processes often exhibit considerable interindividual variability that may be genetically determined. Single-strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing of exonic MDR1 deoxyribonucleic acid from 37 healthy European American and 23 healthy African American subjects identified 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 6 nonsynonymous variants, occurring in various allelic combinations. Population frequencies of the 15 identified alleles varied according to racial background. Two synonymous SNPs (C1236T in exon 12 and C3435T in exon 26) and a nonsynonymous SNP (G2677T, Ala893Ser) in exon 21 were found to be linked (MDR1*2 ) and occurred in 62% of European Americans and 13% of African Americans. In vitro expression of MDR1 encoding Ala893 (MDR1*1 ) or a site-directed Ser893 mutation (MDR1*2 ) indicated enhanced efflux of digoxin by cells expressing the MDR1-Ser893 variant. In vivo functional relevance of this SNP was assessed with the known P-glycoprotein drug substrate fexofenadine as a probe of the transporter's activity. In humans, MDR1*1 and MDR1*2 variants were associated with differences in fexofenadine levels, consistent with the in vitro data, with the area under the plasma level-time curve being almost 40% greater in the *1/*1 genotype compared with the *2/*2 and the *1/*2 heterozygotes having an intermediate value, suggesting enhanced in vivo P-glycoprotein activity among subjects with the MDR1*2 allele. Thus allelic variation in MDR1 is more common than previously recognized and involves multiple SNPs whose allelic frequencies vary between populations, and some of these SNPs are associated with altered P-glycoprotein function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE Oltipraz is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a cancer chemopreventive agent, especially with respect to aflatoxin-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. The agent's ability to induce phase II xenobiotic enzymes that detoxify the ultimate carcinogen formed in vivo is thought to be an important mechanism by which disease risk may be attenuated. However, an additional mechanism could be a reduction in the activation of environmental procarcinogens by certain cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms. This hypothesis was tested with respect to CYP1A2, by using the clearance of caffeine by N-demethylation as a phenotypic trait measurement of the isoform's catalytic activity. METHODS Subjects received a single oral dose of caffeine (200 mg) on five separate occasions: on the day prior to oltipraz administration (day 0), 2 h after the first (day 1) of eight daily oral doses of oltipraz (125 mg) and 2 h after the last dose (day 8). In addition, CYP1A2 activity was also measured 2 and 14 days (days 10 and 22, respectively) after discontinuation of oltipraz administration. Plasma concentrations of caffeine and its N-demethylated metabolite, paraxanthine, over 24 h after drug administration, were determined by HPLC. RESULTS A single 125-mg dose of oltipraz markedly reduced CYP1A2 activity by 75 +/- 13% in nine healthy subjects, resulting in a higher caffeine plasma level and prolongation of the in vivo probe's elimination half-life. Daily administration of 125 mg oltipraz for 8 days resulted in further inhibition so that only 19 +/- 13% of the original baseline level of activity was present. However, 2 days after discontinuation of oltipraz treatment, CYP1A2 activity had returned to 66 +/- 33% of its original level and complete recovery was achieved within 14 days of the chemopreventive agent being stopped. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that oltipraz is a potent, in vivo inhibitor of CYP1A2 in humans and, because this isoform is importantly involved in procarcinogen activation, they also indicate that such inhibition probably contributes to oltipraz's cancer-chemopreventive effect. In addition, the findings also suggest the likelihood of significant drug interactions between oltipraz and drugs whose metabolism is mediated by CYP1A2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G G Sofowora
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Choo EF, Leake B, Wandel C, Imamura H, Wood AJ, Wilkinson GR, Kim RB. Pharmacological inhibition of P-glycoprotein transport enhances the distribution of HIV-1 protease inhibitors into brain and testes. Drug Metab Dispos 2000; 28:655-60. [PMID: 10820137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV protease inhibitors have proven remarkably effective in treating HIV-1 infection. However, some tissues such as the brain and testes (sanctuary sites) are possibly protected from exposure to HIV protease inhibitors due to drug entry being limited by the membrane efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, located in the capillary endothelium. Intravenous administration of the novel and potent P-glycoprotein inhibitor LY-335979 to mice (1-50 mg/kg) increased brain and testes concentration of [(14)C]nelfinavir, up to 37- and 4-fold, respectively, in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar effects in brain levels were also observed with (14)C-labeled amprenavir, indinavir, and saquinavir. Because [(14)C]nelfinavir plasma drug levels were only modestly increased by LY-335979, the increase in brain/plasma and testes/plasma ratios of 14- to 17- and 2- to 5-fold, respectively, was due to increased tissue penetration. Less potent P-glycoprotein inhibitors like valspodar (PSC-833), cyclosporin A, and ketoconazole, as well as quinidine and verapamil, had modest or little effect on brain/plasma ratios but increased plasma nelfinavir concentrations due to inhibition of CYP3A-mediated metabolism. Collectively, these findings provide "proof-of-concept" for increasing HIV protease inhibitor distribution into pharmacologic sanctuary sites by targeted inhibition of P-glycoprotein using selective and potent agents and suggest a new therapeutic strategy to reduce HIV-1 viral replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Choo
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is evidence to suggest that not all pathways of drug metabolism are similarly affected in cirrhosis. The effect of cirrhosis on drug oxidation and glucuronidation has been extensively investigated but little is known of the effect of cirrhosis on drug sulphation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cirrhosis on sulphation. METHODS We investigated the effect of cirrhosis on p-nitrophenol sulphation and compared this with the effect of cirrhosis on p-nitrophenol glucuronidation as well as on d-propranolol oxidation simultaneously in the single-pass isolated perfused rat liver. The perfusate contained added inorganic sulphate to maximise production of p-nitrophenol sulphate. RESULTS About 77% and 59% of p-nitrophenol was eliminated as the sulphate conjugate by the healthy (n=6) and cirrhotic (n=7) livers, respectively. Mean total p-nitrophenol clearance was decreased in cirrhosis (healthy: 18.5+/-0.2 vs. cirrhotic 15.3+/-4.0 ml/min; p<0.05). The decrease in total clearance of p-nitrophenol was due solely to the decrease in sulphate formation clearance, which was significantly decreased (healthy: 14.1+/-1.9 vs. cirrhotic: 9.27+/-3.33 ml/min; p<0.05). Mean glucuronide formation clearance (healthy: 5.11+/-0.94 vs cirrhotic: 5.79+/-0.85 ml/ min; p>0.05) was not significantly altered. Mean total propranolol clearance was decreased in cirrhosis (healthy: 19.9+/-0.1 vs. cirrhotics: 18.0+/-1.5 ml/min; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS We have shown that in cirrhosis there is significant impairment of drug oxidation and sulphation, whilst glucuronidation is spared. The decreased sulphation of p-nitrophenol was most likely due to a decrease in phenol sulphotransferase and/or decrease in cofactor synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E F Choo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hickey PL, McLean AJ, Angus PW, Choo EF, Morgan DJ. Increased sensitivity of propranolol clearance to reduced oxygen delivery in the isolated perfused cirrhotic rat liver. Gastroenterology 1996; 111:1039-48. [PMID: 8831600 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(96)70073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Capillarization of the sinusoids in cirrhosis is proposed to reduce oxygen availability to the hepatocyte, resulting in the patterns of altered drug metabolism observed in cirrhosis. If this were true, drug metabolism in cirrhotic livers would be expected to be more sensitive to reduced oxygen delivery than in noncirrhotic livers. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of propranolol clearance with reduced oxygen delivery in isolated perfused livers from healthy and cirrhotic rats. METHODS Propranolol clearance was measured at steady state in 5 normal and 5 cirrhotic weight-matched perfused rat livers under single-pass conditions with normal oxygen delivery (mean, 71.5 mumol/min) and with graded reductions in oxygen delivery (range, 58.1-18.8 mumol/min). RESULTS In noncirrhotic livers, propranolol clearance was independent of oxygen supply for the oxygen delivery range of 73-45 mumol/min but decreased with further reductions in oxygen supply. In cirrhotic livers, propranolol clearance decreased linearly (r2 = 0.92; P < 0.005) for the entire oxygen delivery range (73.4-18.8 mumol/min). CONCLUSIONS The increased sensitivity of propranolol clearance in perfused cirrhotic livers to reductions in oxygen delivery is consistent with impaired oxygen delivery to hepatocytes in cirrhosis. These novel findings potentially hold implications for clinical management of patients with cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P L Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Victorian College of Pharmacy, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|