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Atkinson PJ, Swami M, Ridgway N, Roberts M, Kinghorn J, Warner TT, Staddon JM, Takle AK. Advancing novel therapies for neurodegeneration through an innovative model for industry-academia collaborations: A decade of the Eisai-UCL experience. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103732. [PMID: 37541423 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
External innovation initiatives in the pharmaceutical industry have become an integral part of research and development. Collaborations have been built to enhance innovation, mitigate risk, and share cost, especially for neurodegenerative diseases, a therapeutic area that has suffered from high attrition rates. This article outlines the Eisai-University College London (UCL) Drug Discovery and Development Collaboration as a case study of how to implement a productive industry-academic partnership. In the first 10 years, seven projects have been established and the first project, a novel anti-tau antibody for Alzheimer's disease, has entered clinical trials, providing early validation of this collaboration model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meera Swami
- Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, UK
| | - Nicola Ridgway
- Translational Research Office, University College London, UCL Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | - Malcolm Roberts
- Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, UK
| | - Jane Kinghorn
- Translational Research Office, University College London, UCL Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | - Thomas T Warner
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, 1 Wakefield Street, London, UK
| | - James M Staddon
- Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, UK
| | - Andrew K Takle
- Eisai Ltd., EMEA Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, UK
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2
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Ozieranski P, Saito H, Rickard E, Mulinari S, Ozaki A. International comparison of pharmaceutical industry payment disclosures in the UK and Japan: implications for self-regulation, public regulation, and transparency. Global Health 2023; 19:14. [PMID: 36869318 PMCID: PMC9985252 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-022-00902-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-regulation of payment disclosure by pharmaceutical industry trade groups is a major global approach to increasing transparency of financial relationships between drug companies and healthcare professionals and organisations. Nevertheless, little is known about the relative strengths and weaknesses of self-regulation across countries, especially beyond Europe. To address this gap in research and stimulate international policy learning, we compare the UK and Japan, the likely strongest cases of self-regulation of payment disclosure in Europe and Asia, across three dimensions of transparency: disclosure rules, practices, and data. RESULTS The UK and Japanese self-regulation of payment disclosure had shared as well unique strengths and weaknesses. The UK and Japanese pharmaceutical industry trade groups declared transparency as the primary goal of payment disclosure, without, however, explaining the link between the two. The rules of payment disclosure in each country provided more insight into some payments but not others. Both trade groups did not reveal the recipients of certain payments by default, and the UK trade group also made the disclosure of some payments conditional on recipient consent. Drug company disclosure practices were more transparent in the UK, allowing for greater availability and accessibility of payment data and insight into underreporting or misreporting of payments by companies. Nevertheless, the share of payments made to named recipients was three times higher in Japan than in the UK, indicating higher transparency of disclosure data. CONCLUSIONS The UK and Japan performed differently across the three dimensions of transparency, suggesting that any comprehensive analysis of self-regulation of payment disclosure must triangulate analysis of disclosure rules, practices, and data. We found limited evidence to support key claims regarding the strengths of self-regulation, while often finding it inferior to public regulation of payment disclosure. We suggest how the self-regulation of payment disclosure in each country can be enhanced and, in the long run, replaced by public regulation to strengthen the industry's accountability to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Ozieranski
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Hiroaki Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sendai Kousei Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Emily Rickard
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Shai Mulinari
- Department of Sociology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
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3
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Shah S, Dooms MM, Amaral-Garcia S, Igoillo-Esteve M. Current Drug Repurposing Strategies for Rare Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:768023. [PMID: 34992533 PMCID: PMC8724568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are life-threatening or chronically debilitating low-prevalent disorders caused by pathogenic mutations or particular environmental insults. Due to their high complexity and low frequency, important gaps still exist in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Since new drug discovery is a very costly and time-consuming process, leading pharmaceutical companies show relatively low interest in orphan drug research and development due to the high cost of investments compared to the low market return of the product. Drug repurposing–based approaches appear then as cost- and time-saving strategies for the development of therapeutic opportunities for rare diseases. In this article, we discuss the scientific, regulatory, and economic aspects of the development of repurposed drugs for the treatment of rare neurodegenerative disorders with a particular focus on Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, Wolfram syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The role of academia, pharmaceutical companies, patient associations, and foundations in the identification of candidate compounds and their preclinical and clinical evaluation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Kralj S, Jukič M, Bren U. Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Targeted, Protease Inhibitor Focused and Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor Focused Molecular Libraries for Virtual Screening and Drug Design. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:393. [PMID: 35008818 PMCID: PMC8745317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the new SARS-CoV-2-related COVID-19 disease has caused a global pandemic and shut down the public life worldwide. Several proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic targets for drug development, and we sought out to review the commercially available and marketed SARS-CoV-2-targeted libraries ready for high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS). We evaluated the SARS-CoV-2-targeted, protease-inhibitor-focused and protein-protein-interaction-inhibitor-focused libraries to gain a better understanding of how these libraries were designed. The most common were ligand- and structure-based approaches, along with various filtering steps, using molecular descriptors. Often, these methods were combined to obtain the final library. We recognized the abundance of targeted libraries offered and complimented by the inclusion of analytical data; however, serious concerns had to be raised. Namely, vendors lack the information on the library design and the references to the primary literature. Few references to active compounds were also provided when using the ligand-based design and usually only protein classes or a general panel of targets were listed, along with a general reference to the methods, such as molecular docking for the structure-based design. No receptor data, docking protocols or even references to the applied molecular docking software (or other HTVS software), and no pharmacophore or filter design details were given. No detailed functional group or chemical space analyses were reported, and no specific orientation of the libraries toward the design of covalent or noncovalent inhibitors could be observed. All libraries contained pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS), rapid elimination of swill compounds (REOS) and aggregators, as well as focused on the drug-like model, with the majority of compounds possessing their molecular mass around 500 g/mol. These facts do not bode well for the use of the reviewed libraries in drug design and lend themselves to commercial drug companies to focus on and improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastjan Kralj
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
| | - Marko Jukič
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.K.); (M.J.)
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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5
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Vincent J, Preston M, Mouchet E, Laugier N, Corrigan A, Boulanger J, Brown DG, Clark R, Wigglesworth M, Carter AP, Bullock SL. A High-Throughput Cellular Screening Assay for Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Activators of Cytoplasmic Dynein-1-Based Cargo Transport. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2020; 25:985-999. [PMID: 32436764 PMCID: PMC7116108 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220920581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic dynein-1 (hereafter dynein) is a six-subunit motor complex that transports a variety of cellular components and pathogens along microtubules. Dynein's cellular functions are only partially understood, and potent and specific small-molecule inhibitors and activators of this motor would be valuable for addressing this issue. It has also been hypothesized that an inhibitor of dynein-based transport could be used in antiviral or antimitotic therapy, whereas an activator could alleviate age-related neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing microtubule-based transport in axons. Here, we present the first high-throughput screening (HTS) assay capable of identifying both activators and inhibitors of dynein-based transport. This project is also the first collaborative screening report from the Medical Research Council and AstraZeneca agreement to form the UK Centre for Lead Discovery. A cellular imaging assay was used, involving chemically controlled recruitment of activated dynein complexes to peroxisomes. Such a system has the potential to identify molecules that affect multiple aspects of dynein biology in vivo. Following optimization of key parameters, the assay was developed in a 384-well format with semiautomated liquid handling and image acquisition. Testing of more than 500,000 compounds identified both inhibitors and activators of dynein-based transport in multiple chemical series. Additional analysis indicated that many of the identified compounds do not affect the integrity of the microtubule cytoskeleton and are therefore candidates to directly target the transport machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vincent
- HTS, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Marian Preston
- HTS, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Elizabeth Mouchet
- HTS, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Nicolas Laugier
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Quantitative Biology, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Jérôme Boulanger
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Dean G Brown
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, USA
| | - Roger Clark
- Discovery Biology, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Mark Wigglesworth
- HTS, Discovery Sciences, Bio Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Andrew P Carter
- Division of Structural Studies, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Simon L Bullock
- Division of Cell Biology, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, UK
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6
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Simpson PB, Wilkinson GF. What makes a drug discovery consortium successful? Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 19:737-738. [DOI: 10.1038/d41573-020-00079-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Esaki T, Kumazawa K, Takahashi K, Watanabe R, Masuda T, Watanabe H, Shimizu Y, Okada A, Takimoto S, Shimada T, Ikeda K. Open Innovation Platform using Cloud-based Applications and Collaborative Space: A Case Study of Solubility Prediction Model Development. CHEM-BIO INFORMATICS JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1273/cbij.20.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Esaki
- The Center for Data Science Education and Research, Shiga University
| | - Keiko Kumazawa
- Pharmaceutical Discovery Research Laboratories, Teijin Pharma Limited
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Research Institute for Bioscience Products and Fine Chemicals, Ajinomoto Co. Inc
| | - Reiko Watanabe
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, AI Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | - Hirofumi Watanabe
- Education Center on Computational Science and Engineering, Kobe University
| | - Yugo Shimizu
- Division of Physics for Life Functions, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Akitoshi Okada
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc
| | - Seisuke Takimoto
- Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute Takatsuki Research Center, Japan Tobacco Inc
| | - Tomohiro Shimada
- Administration Department, Planning & amp; Control Division, Teijin Pharma Limited
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikeda
- Division of Physics for Life Functions, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy
- Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN
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8
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Abstract
The value of innovation in medicines is clear. Despite all of the progress in the twenty-first century, there are still many unmet medical needs and opportunities to improve healthcare. The challenges for pharmaceutical companies include ways in which to stay competitive and flexible in an environment of constant knowledge growth and increasingly sophisticated technologies, and ways to generate sufficient revenues to sustain their own growth. To that end, pharmaceutical companies are compelled to adapt different business models in the face of new challenges. The industry is plagued with long research and development (R&D) cycles and low success rates for innovative treatments; something has to change. The need to collaborate externally across the process of discovery, development, manufacturing and commercialization is a must. Furthermore, collaborations have increased in frequency and scope, expanding the opportunities to access global scientific talent in academia, research institutes and biotechnology companies. Despite the perception that pharma companies are 'closed' or tightly controlled industries, open innovation is already well established in the pharmaceutical sector and used to supplement R&D in the process of bringing new medicines for patients faster, and at a lower cost. Over the years, each pharma company has tailored the open-innovation concept to develop its own model based on particular needs and offerings. Independently of the model, the creation of successful partnerships in external innovation requires reaching out and connecting beyond the traditional organizational boundaries. Substantial internal cultural changes are required to implement open-innovation strategies that should co-exist without competing with the traditional ways of operating. Major changes bring challenges but create multiple opportunities for scientists and organizations. High-quality drug discovery requires continuous learning and an open way of thinking to adopt novel operational models and to implement efficient collaborations.
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9
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Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh Y, Omidi Y, Amanlou M, Masoudi-Nejad A. DrugR+: A comprehensive relational database for drug repurposing, combination therapy, and replacement therapy. Comput Biol Med 2019; 109:254-262. [PMID: 31096089 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing or repositioning, which introduces new applications of the existing drugs, is an emerging field in drug discovery scope. To enhance the success rate of the research and development (R&D) process in a cost- and time-effective manner, a number of pharmaceutical companies worldwide have made tremendous investments. Besides, many researchers have proposed various methods and databases for the repurposing of various drugs. However, there is not a proper and well-organized database available. To this end, for the first time, we developed a new database based on DrugBank and KEGG data, which is named "DrugR+". Our developed database provides some advantages relative to the DrugBank, and its interface supplies new capabilities for both single and synthetic repositioning of drugs. Moreover, it includes four new datasets which can be used for predicting drug-target interactions using supervised machine learning methods. As a case study, we introduced novel applications of some drugs and discussed the obtained results. A comparison of several machine learning methods on the generated datasets has also been reported in the Supplementary File. Having included several normalized tables, DrugR + has been organized to provide key information on data structures for the repurposing and combining applications of drugs. It provides the SQL query capability for professional users and an appropriate method with different options for unprofessional users. Additionally, DrugR + consists of repurposing service that accepts a drug and proposes a list of potential drugs for some usages. Taken all, DrugR+ is a free web-based database and accessible using (http://www.drugr.ir), which can be updated through a map-reduce parallel processing method to provide the most relevant information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Masoudi-Sobhanzadeh
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14176-53955, Iran
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. http://LBB.ut.ac.ir
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10
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Song CH, Leker J. Differentiation of innovation strategies based on pharmaceutical licensing agreements: Insight from Korean pharmaceutical firms. TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS & STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09537325.2018.1490711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Hoon Song
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jens Leker
- Institute of Business Administration at the Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Liu X, Thomas CE, Felder CC. The impact of external innovation on new drug approvals: A retrospective analysis. Int J Pharm 2019; 563:273-281. [PMID: 30664998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies are relying more often on external sources of innovation to boost their discovery research productivity. However, more in-depth knowledge about how external innovation may translate to successful product launches is still required in order to better understand how to best leverage the innovation ecosystem. We analyzed the pre-approval publication histories for FDA-approved new molecular entities (NMEs) and new biologic entities (NBEs) launched by 13 top research pharma companies during the last decade (2006-2016). We found that academic institutions contributed the majority of pre-approval publications and that publication subject matter is closely aligned with the strengths of the respective innovator. We found this to also be true for candidate drugs terminated in Phase 3, but the volume of literature on these molecules is substantially less than for approved drugs. This may suggest that approved drugs are often associated with a more robust dataset provided by a large number of institutes. Collectively, the results of our analysis support the hypothesis that a collaborative research innovation environment spanning across academia, industry and government is highly conducive to successful drug approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Advanced Analytics and Data Sciences, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States.
| | - Craig E Thomas
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, United States.
| | - Christian C Felder
- Discovery Research, Karuna Pharmaceuticals Inc, Boston, MA 02110, United States.
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12
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Pádua MHD, Fontes M, Sousa C. Seizing Opportunities for Markets of Discovery: The Reconfigurations of Value Chains in Pharmaceutical Industry in the Global South. SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0971721818762930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article investigates whether Asian countries are becoming more active at the discovery stage, a higher stage of the drug development value chain. We conduct the first quantitative study to investigate these countries positioning in drug discovery activities. For this purpose, we draw on a database containing historical information on more than 61,000 drugs, for the period 1994–2015, and extract and analyse data on the drug discovery events in which a selected group of Asian countries were involved. The results show that these countries are increasingly involved in activities of discovery and that, in some of them, these activities are predominantly conducted on drugs owned by local organisations. Along with this process, markets for discovery are being created, both through sub-contracting and through partnerships among local organisations (for their own drugs) and between local and non-local ones. Second, drawing on the strategies and organisational set-ups adopted in each country, we distinguish a number of profiles regarding the ways competences for markets for discovery are being built. Third, we identify the existence of a strong regional centre of competences, acting as a local–global articulation locus for markets of discovery. These results provide new insights into the ways Asian countries are moving up the drug development value chain and contribute to our understanding of the learning processes underway in different contexts and the variety of configurations resulting from these processes, supporting a discussion on the potential role of policies to further expand markets for discovery.
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13
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Hunter AJ, Lee WH, Bountra C. Open innovation in neuroscience research and drug discovery. Brain Neurosci Adv 2018; 2:2398212818799270. [PMID: 32166150 PMCID: PMC7058200 DOI: 10.1177/2398212818799270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pressures on the pharmaceutical industry have incentivised a number of new collaborative models of research and development which can be categorised as open innovation. Examples of the different types of models employed are discussed and some, but not all, of these have been used to promote research and drug discovery for central nervous system disorders. Some are completely open access, while others have some intellectual property restrictions. Going forward, more ways of promoting open innovation and the sharing of best practice, especially in the neurosciences, will stimulate research and hopefully accelerate new medicines development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen H Lee
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Oxford, UK.,Action Against Age-related Macular Degeneration, London, UK
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14
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Williams DR, Spaulding TJ. The inherent risks associated with newly traded biopharmaceutical firms. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1680-1688. [PMID: 29936246 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide a comprehensive study related to the risks of all biopharmaceutical firms going public in the USA between 1996 and 2015. We found 355 firms that met our requirements for being in the sector that focuses on creating drugs for humans. Collectively, these firms spent approximately US$86.9 billion on research and development (R&D) during this time. They also lost approximately US$69.3 billion in combined net income. We also examine the delisting of these firms from a public market, their number of collaborators at the initial public offering (IPO), and estimate the percentage ownership by other biopharmaceutical firms at the IPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Williams
- Appalachian State University, Beaver College of Health Sciences, 261 Locust Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | - Trent J Spaulding
- Appalachian State University, Beaver College of Health Sciences, 261 Locust Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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15
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Abstract
Almost everyone is enthusiastic that 'open science' is the wave of the future. Yet when one looks seriously at the flaws in modern science that the movement proposes to remedy, the prospect for improvement in at least four areas are unimpressive. This suggests that the agenda is effectively to re-engineer science along the lines of platform capitalism, under the misleading banner of opening up science to the masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Mirowski
- John J. Reilly Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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16
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Schweizer L, He J. Guiding principles of value creation through collaborative innovation in pharmaceutical research. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:213-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box across Multiple Pathogens Reclassifies Starting Points for Open-Source Drug Discovery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00379-17. [PMID: 28674055 PMCID: PMC5571359 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00379-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-access drug discovery provides a substantial resource for diseases primarily affecting the poor and disadvantaged. The open-access Pathogen Box collection is comprised of compounds with demonstrated biological activity against specific pathogenic organisms. The supply of this resource by the Medicines for Malaria Venture has the potential to provide new chemical starting points for a number of tropical and neglected diseases, through repurposing of these compounds for use in drug discovery campaigns for these additional pathogens. We tested the Pathogen Box against kinetoplastid parasites and malaria life cycle stages in vitro Consequently, chemical starting points for malaria, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis drug discovery efforts have been identified. Inclusive of this in vitro biological evaluation, outcomes from extensive literature reviews and database searches are provided. This information encompasses commercial availability, literature reference citations, other aliases and ChEMBL number with associated biological activity, where available. The release of this new data for the Pathogen Box collection into the public domain will aid the open-source model of drug discovery. Importantly, this will provide novel chemical starting points for drug discovery and target identification in tropical disease research.
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18
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McElroy SP, Jones PS, Barrault DV. The SULSA Assay Development Fund: accelerating translation of new biology from academia to pharma. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:199-203. [PMID: 27720829 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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