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Wyker B, Gupta M. Emergency department visits for dog bite injuries in Missouri municipalities with and without breed-specific legislation: a propensity score-matched analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1354698. [PMID: 38645462 PMCID: PMC11032045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breed-Specific Legislation is a type of law that bans or restricts ownership of specific dog breeds. Some local governments - including over seventy municipalities in the state of Missouri - have enacted Breed-Specific Legislation to prevent injuries from dog bites. Several studies from the peer-reviewed literature have found that aggressive behavior is not associated with any particular dog breeds and, since 2018, at least a dozen municipalities in Missouri have repealed these laws. To evaluate the impact of Breed-Specific Legislation on public safety, the 2010-2015 rates of emergency department visits for dog bite-related injuries in Missouri municipalities with and without Breed-Specific Legislation were compared. Propensity-score matched negative binomial regression models were used to assess the effect of breed restrictions on injury rates while balancing the samples on population characteristics and estimates of dog ownership. After matching the sample on population, housing and dog ownership estimates, no association was found between emergency department visits for dog bite injuries and whether the municipality enacted Breed-Specific Legislation. However, the incidence rate ratio of emergency room visits for dog bite-related injuries increased by 13.8% for every 1% increase in the percentage of males aged 5 to 9 in the population (p < 0.01). This study has found breed discriminatory laws have not reduced the risk of emergency department visits for injury from dog bites in Missouri. There appears to be no greater risk to public safety as local governments move to repeal existing breed bans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Wyker
- Strategy and Research, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Boyer P. Ownership psychology, its antecedents and consequences. Behav Brain Sci 2023; 46:e355. [PMID: 37813457 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x23002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Commentators discussed the coherence and validity of a minimalist approach to ownership intuitions, in ways that make it possible to clarify the model, re-evaluate its cognitive underpinnings, and sketch some of its implications. This response summarizes the model; addresses issues concerning the need for a special technical lexicon when describing cognitive semantics; the psychology involved in contexts of competitive acquisition and their consequences for possession and use of rival resources; the role of cooperative expectations in creating mutually beneficial allocation of resources; the consequences of ownership psychology for social interaction and the production of social norms of property; and the relations between psychological processes and legal institutions in the domain, before proposing some final thoughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Boyer
- Department of Anthropology & Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA ; http://www.pascalboyer.net
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Abstract
This Viewpoint discusses how regulators across the world should approach the legal and ethical challenges, including privacy, device regulation, competition, intellectual property rights, cybersecurity, and liability, raised by the medical use of large language models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Minssen
- Center for Advanced Studies in Biomedical Innovation Law, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Law, Medicine, and Life Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Effy Vayena
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - I Glenn Cohen
- Harvard Law School, Petrie-Flom Center for Health Law Policy, Biotechnology, and Bioethics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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4
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Harris E. Nursing Homes Required to Reveal Ownership Status Under Proposed Rule. JAMA 2023; 329:875. [PMID: 36857107 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.2891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Given the dangers that firearms in the home pose to children, it is critical to engage parents in effective firearm safety counseling. This requires a broader understanding of how the presence of children in the home is associated with motivations surrounding gun ownership. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of having children in the home and gun owners' attitudes and beliefs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional survey study analyzed data from the National Lawful Use of Guns Survey conducted in 2019. A representative sample of 3698 adult gun owners nationwide were randomly invited to participate, with a 56.5% survey response rate. Survey responses were weighted to account for survey nonresponse and selection bias, and comparison groups were matched by age. Statistical analysis was performed in 2020. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Reasons for gun ownership, symbolic meaning of guns, and attitudes toward gun policies. RESULTS Of the 2086 respondents, 383 (18.4%) had children in the home, 68.7% (95% CI, 66.4%-71.0%) were male, 8.2% (95% CI, 6.8%-9.7%) were Black, 76.3% (95% CI, 73.8%-78.6%) were White, 79.4% (95% CI, 77.5%-81.2%) were living in metropolitan areas, 51.3% (95% CI, 48.9%-53.8%) identified as Republican; 34.7% (95% CI, 32.6%-36.9%) were aged 60 years or older. Despite the majority of respondents feeling safe in their local communities (respondents with children: 93.4% [95% CI,: 89.3%-96.0%]; without children: 88.9% [95% CI, 87.0%- 90.6%]), 92.3% (95% CI, 87.0%-95.6%) of respondents with children stated the primary reason for gun ownership was to protect their family, compared with 68.6% (95% CI, 65.2%-71.8%) of respondents without children. On logistic regression analysis, having children in the home remained an independent factor associated with reasons for gun ownership. Gun owners with children were more likely than those without children to feel that guns make them feel more valuable to their family (23.5% [95% CI, 18.9%-28.8%] vs 17.0% [95% CI, 15.0%-19.2%]). Among those with children, 35.2% (95% CI, 30.0%-40.8%) believed gun laws should be more strict compared with 40.7% (95% CI, 38.1%- 43.3%) of those without children. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that acknowledging parental motivations for gun ownership is a pivotal component of educational efforts toward firearm injury prevention. These findings can guide clinicians to engage in effective individual counseling and community level efforts to reduce pediatric gun injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace F. Ye
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Michael Siegel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Rowhani-Rahbar A, Haviland MJ, Azrael D, Miller M. Knowledge of State Gun Laws Among US Adults in Gun-Owning Households. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2135141. [PMID: 34792594 PMCID: PMC8603069 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.35141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This survey study assesses US gun owners’ knowledge of their state’s gun laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Miriam J. Haviland
- Firearm Injury and Policy Research Program, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Deborah Azrael
- Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew Miller
- Harvard Injury Control Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Health Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts
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Maksanova L, Bardakhanova T, Lubsanova N, Budaeva D, Tulokhonov A. Assessment of losses to the local population due to restrictions on their ownership rights to land and property assets: The case of the Tunkinsky National Park, Russia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251383. [PMID: 33970956 PMCID: PMC8109833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of protected areas on local communities is the subject of intense discussions as part of the implementation of the global ecosystem protection agenda. Conflicts between the interests of environmental protection and the needs of socio-economic development become particularly acute when large areas of land are taken out of economic circulation as a result of organizing protected areas. In this case, there is an urgent need for detailed and reliable information about the social impacts of such land withdrawal on the well-being of the local population. An analysis of the methodological approaches widely presented in the literature, used to assess the social impact of protected areas, testifies to the insufficiency of completed and practically applicable methodological guidelines for the areas with significant restrictions for people who form part of the protected landscape. In this study, we understand the cost estimate of the social impact of national parks on the local population as a quantitative calculation of the losses due to restrictions on their ownership rights to land and property assets. The methodological approach consists in considering the category of losses as a sum total of the actual damage and lost profits. The assessment algorithm includes three stages: systematization of social impacts on citizens, development of indicators and data collection, and calculation of actual damage to the population and lost profits. The assessment is performed using the example of the Tunkinsky National Park located in the Tunkinsky municipal district of the Republic of Buryatia, a region of the Russian Federation, where there are 14 rural settlements with a population of more than 20,000 people. The results of the calculations show that the losses of the rural population due to legal restrictions on the registration of land dealings amount to 170.4 million USD. Taking into account the potential amount of administrative fines and the value of property subject to demolition, the losses amount to 239.2 million USD. It is more than an order of magnitude greater than the amount of own revenues of the Tunkinsky municipal district in 2011-2019. The results obtained demonstrate the real picture of the impact of restrictions on the rights of local people to land within the boundaries of national parks and are useful for developing measures to account for their interests and include protected areas in the socio-economic development of regions. The methodological approach developed by the authors can be used in other national parks, where it is necessary to optimize the policy of improving land use for local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Maksanova
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic Buryatia, Russia
| | - Taisiya Bardakhanova
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic Buryatia, Russia
| | - Natalia Lubsanova
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic Buryatia, Russia
| | - Darima Budaeva
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic Buryatia, Russia
| | - Arnold Tulokhonov
- Baikal Institute of Nature Management Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Republic Buryatia, Russia
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Dangerous wild animals law 'not fit for purpose'. Vet Rec 2021; 188:210-1. [PMID: 33739522 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Josh Loeb discusses data obtained by the charity Born Free on the number of wild animals being kept privately in Great Britain.
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Newlon C, Ayres I, Barnett B. Your Liberty or Your Gun? A Survey of Psychiatrist Understanding of Mental Health Prohibitors. J Law Med Ethics 2020; 48:155-163. [PMID: 33404305 DOI: 10.1177/1073110520979417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This first-of-its-kind national survey of 485 psychiatrists in nine states and the District of Columbia (DC) finds substantial evidence of clinicians being uninformed, misinformed, and misinforming patients of their gun rights regarding involuntary commitments and voluntary inpatient admissions. A significant percentage of psychiatrists (36.9%) did not understand that an involuntary civil commitment triggered the loss of gun rights, and the majority of psychiatrists in states with prohibitors on voluntary admissions (57%) and emergency holds (56%) were unaware that patients would lose gun rights upon voluntary admission or temporary commitment. Moreover, the survey found evidence that psychiatrists may use gun rights to negotiate "voluntary" commitments with patients: 15.9% of respondents reported telling patients they could preserve their gun rights by permitting themselves to be voluntarily admitted for treatment, in lieu of being involuntarily committed. The results raise questions of whether psychiatrists obtained full informed consent for voluntary patient admissions, and suggest that some medical providers in states with voluntary admission prohibitor laws may unwittingly deprive their patients of a constitutional right. The study calls into question the fairness of state prohibitor laws as policy, and - at minimum - indicates an urgent need for psychiatrist training on their state gun laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Newlon
- Cara Newlon is a third-year J.D. Candidate at Yale Law School. She received her B.A. from Brown University (2014). Ian Ayres, Ph.D., J.D., is the William K. Townsend Professor and Deputy Dean at Yale Law School. He received his B.A. from Yale College (1981), his J.D. (1986) from Yale Law School, and his Ph.D. in Economics (1988) from MIT. Brian Barnett, M.D., is a psychiatrist and researcher at the Cleveland Clinic. He received his B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania (2008) and his M.D. from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (2013). He completed his residency in adult psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital in 2017, followed by a fellowship in Addiction Psychiatry at Partners Healthcare in 2018 and a fellowship in Forensic Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University in 2019
| | - Ian Ayres
- Cara Newlon is a third-year J.D. Candidate at Yale Law School. She received her B.A. from Brown University (2014). Ian Ayres, Ph.D., J.D., is the William K. Townsend Professor and Deputy Dean at Yale Law School. He received his B.A. from Yale College (1981), his J.D. (1986) from Yale Law School, and his Ph.D. in Economics (1988) from MIT. Brian Barnett, M.D., is a psychiatrist and researcher at the Cleveland Clinic. He received his B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania (2008) and his M.D. from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (2013). He completed his residency in adult psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital in 2017, followed by a fellowship in Addiction Psychiatry at Partners Healthcare in 2018 and a fellowship in Forensic Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University in 2019
| | - Brian Barnett
- Cara Newlon is a third-year J.D. Candidate at Yale Law School. She received her B.A. from Brown University (2014). Ian Ayres, Ph.D., J.D., is the William K. Townsend Professor and Deputy Dean at Yale Law School. He received his B.A. from Yale College (1981), his J.D. (1986) from Yale Law School, and his Ph.D. in Economics (1988) from MIT. Brian Barnett, M.D., is a psychiatrist and researcher at the Cleveland Clinic. He received his B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania (2008) and his M.D. from the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (2013). He completed his residency in adult psychiatry at Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital in 2017, followed by a fellowship in Addiction Psychiatry at Partners Healthcare in 2018 and a fellowship in Forensic Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University in 2019
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangWon C Lee
- ChangWon C. Lee is a Research Assistant at the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law at Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital (HMS/BWH). Jonathan J. Darrow, S.J.D., J.D., M.B.A. is an Assistant Professor at HMS/BWH. Jerry Avorn, M.D., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Co-Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law. Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law
| | - Jonathan J Darrow
- ChangWon C. Lee is a Research Assistant at the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law at Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital (HMS/BWH). Jonathan J. Darrow, S.J.D., J.D., M.B.A. is an Assistant Professor at HMS/BWH. Jerry Avorn, M.D., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Co-Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law. Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law
| | - Jerry Avorn
- ChangWon C. Lee is a Research Assistant at the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law at Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital (HMS/BWH). Jonathan J. Darrow, S.J.D., J.D., M.B.A. is an Assistant Professor at HMS/BWH. Jerry Avorn, M.D., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Co-Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law. Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law
| | - Aaron S Kesselheim
- ChangWon C. Lee is a Research Assistant at the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law at Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women's Hospital (HMS/BWH). Jonathan J. Darrow, S.J.D., J.D., M.B.A. is an Assistant Professor at HMS/BWH. Jerry Avorn, M.D., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Co-Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law. Aaron S. Kesselheim, M.D., J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor of Medicine at HMS/BWH and Director of the Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law
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11
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Crifasi CK, Stone EM, McGinty B, Vernick JS, Barry CL, Webster DW. Differences in public support for handgun purchaser licensing. Inj Prev 2020; 26:93-95. [PMID: 31492689 PMCID: PMC7040850 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether there are differences in support for handgun purchaser licensing. METHODS We used data from four waves of online, national polling on gun policy. To estimate differences in support for licensing across groups, we categorised respondents by whether they personally owned a gun, lived in a state with handgun purchaser licensing or lived in a state regulating private sales without a licensing system. RESULTS Eighty-four per cent of adults living in states with licensing supported the policy compared with 74% in states without the law (p<0.001). Seventy-seven per cent of gun owners living in states with licensing supported the policy vs 59% of gun owners in states without licensing (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Support for licensing among gun owners living in states with these laws, many of whom have presumably gone through the process, was much higher than gun owners in states without such laws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra K Crifasi
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Stone
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth McGinty
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon S Vernick
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Colleen L Barry
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel W Webster
- Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Holt SR, Rosenbaum J, Ellman M, Doolittle B, Tobin DG. Physicians Should Play a Role in Ensuring Safe Firearm Ownership. J Gen Intern Med 2019; 34:1637-1640. [PMID: 31062224 PMCID: PMC6667526 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-019-05034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The USA is unique among industrialized nations in its dramatic rate of firearm violence. Unfortunately, firearm-related issues in America are politically divisive and fraught with controversy, thus impeding the study and implementation of safety strategies. Despite the lack of consensus, there is agreement that firearms should be kept away from individuals with criminal intent and those who are dangerous due to medical impairment. While predicting criminal intent remains challenging, assessment of medical impairment remains a viable target. One approach in which physicians could contribute their expertise includes training a subset of doctors to perform specialized medical evaluations as a prerequisite for gun ownership. Such a process is not unprecedented, as physicians currently have a role in protecting the public's safety through assessments for commercial drivers, pilots, and train operators. Certified physician examiners could conduct these evaluations with a focus on evaluating objective, skill-based metrics to limit potential evaluator bias. The results of the medical evaluation would then be considered by an existing regulatory body to determine if disqualifying criteria are present. This proposal provides a mechanism for trained physicians to meaningfully participate in addressing an alarming public health issue, while still working within existing legal frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Holt
- Yale University School of Medicine, 1450 Chapel Street, Rm P-312, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Julie Rosenbaum
- Yale University School of Medicine, 1450 Chapel Street, Rm P-312, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Ellman
- Yale University School of Medicine, 1450 Chapel Street, Rm P-312, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Benjamin Doolittle
- Yale University School of Medicine, 1450 Chapel Street, Rm P-312, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel G Tobin
- Yale University School of Medicine, 1450 Chapel Street, Rm P-312, New Haven, CT, USA
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bollyky
- From the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC (T.B.); and the Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.S.K.)
| | - Aaron S Kesselheim
- From the Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, DC (T.B.); and the Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Department of Medicine, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston (A.S.K.)
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Anestis MD, Houtsma C, Daruwala SE, Butterworth SE. Firearm legislation and statewide suicide rates: The moderating role of household firearm ownership levels. Behav Sci Law 2019; 37:270-280. [PMID: 31087580 DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Firearm legislation is associated with statewide suicide rates; however, prior research has often relied upon older data and categorical legislative grades while also failing to consider the nuanced role of firearm ownership. Therefore, the robust literature base on legislation and suicide has not directly examined regarding the extent to which the value of legislation hinges upon the rate of firearm ownership in a given state. The current study examined 2015 US statewide firearm legislation strength scores from Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence and 2016 statewide suicide rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Firearm legislation strength was inversely associated with statewide overall and firearm suicide rates, but not with non-firearm suicide rates. Firearm ownership rates moderated the association between firearm legislation strength and statewide overall suicide rates. Specifically, firearm legislation strength was inversely associated with statewide overall suicide rates at mean and high levels of firearm ownership. Findings support the potential utility of firearm legislation as part of a national effort to decrease US suicide deaths, particularly in areas with higher firearm ownership rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Anestis
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Claire Houtsma
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Samantha E Daruwala
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Sarah E Butterworth
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether restrictiveness-permissiveness of state gun laws or gun ownership are associated with mass shootings in the US. DESIGN Cross sectional time series. SETTING AND POPULATION US gun owners from 1998-2015. EXPOSURE An annual rating between 0 (completely restrictive) and 100 (completely permissive) for the gun laws of all 50 states taken from a reference guide for gun owners traveling between states from 1998 to 2015. Gun ownership was estimated annually as the percentage of suicides committed with firearms in each state. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Mass shootings were defined as independent events in which four or more people were killed by a firearm. Data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting System from 1998-2015 were used to calculate annual rates of mass shootings in each state. Mass shooting events and rates were further separated into those where the victims were immediate family members or partners (domestic) and those where the victims had other relationships with the perpetrator (non-domestic). RESULTS Fully adjusted regression analyses showed that a 10 unit increase in state gun law permissiveness was associated with a significant 11.5% (95% confidence interval 4.2% to 19.3%, P=0.002) higher rate of mass shootings. A 10% increase in state gun ownership was associated with a significant 35.1% (12.7% to 62.7%, P=0.001) higher rate of mass shootings. Partially adjusted regression analyses produced similar results, as did analyses restricted to domestic and non-domestic mass shootings. CONCLUSIONS States with more permissive gun laws and greater gun ownership had higher rates of mass shootings, and a growing divide appears to be emerging between restrictive and permissive states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Reeping
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Magdalena Cerdá
- Department of Population Health, New York University, Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bindu Kalesan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas J Wiebe
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles C Branas
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, Mailman School of Public Health, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Abstract
In this paper, we explore the perspectives of expert stakeholders about who owns data in a medical information commons (MIC) and what rights and interests ought to be recognized when developing a governance structure for an MIC. We then examine the legitimacy of these claims based on legal and ethical analysis and explore an alternative framework for thinking about participants' rights and interests in an MIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L McGuire
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Jessica Roberts
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Sean Aas
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
| | - Barbara J Evans
- Amy L. McGuire, J.D., Ph.D., is the Leon Jaworski Professor of Biomedical Ethics and Director of the Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. McGuire serves on the program committee for the Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholars Program in Bioethics and is immediate past president of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. She received a B.A. in psychology from the University of Pennsylvania, a J.D. from the University of Houston, and a Ph.D. from the Institute for Medical Humanities at the University of Texas Medical Branch. Jessica L. Roberts, J.D., is the Alumnae College Professor in Law at the University of Houston Law Center and a past recipient of a Greenwall Faculty Scholar grant. She earned a B.A. in Political Science from the University of Southern California and a J.D. from Yale Law School. Sean Aas, Ph.D., M.A., is a Senior Research Scholar at the Kennedy Institute of Ethics and an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Georgetown. He is also, presently, a Greenwall Foundation Faculty Scholar. He earned a B.A. and B.S. in Philosophy and Mathematics at The Evergreen State College, a M.A. in Philosophy from Georgia State University, and a Ph.D. in Philosophy from Brown University. Barbara J. Evans, MS, Ph.D., J.D., LL.M., is the Mary Ann and Lawrence E. Faust Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Biotechnology & Law at the University of Houston Law Center and holds a joint appointment as Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the UH Cullen College of Engineering. She holds a B.S.E.E. from the University of Texas at Austin, M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Stanford University, a J.D. from Yale Law School, and an LL.M. in Health Law from University of Houston
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Abstract
: media-1vid110.1542/5972298231001PEDS-VA_2018-1171Video Abstract BACKGROUND: Firearm-related fatalities are a top 3 cause of death among children in the United States. Despite historical declines in firearm ownership, the firearm-related mortality rate among young children has risen over the past decade. In this study, we examined changes in firearm ownership among families with young children from 1976 to 2016, exploring how such changes relate to recent increases in firearm-related mortality among 1- to 5-year-olds. METHODS Individual-level data from the National Vital Statistics System were merged with household-level data from the General Social Survey to create national-level estimates of firearm-related child mortality and family firearm ownership from 1976 to 2016 (n = 41 years). Vector autoregression models were used to examine the association between firearm ownership and child mortality. RESULTS The proportion of non-Hispanic white families with young children who owned firearms declined from 50% in 1976 to 45% in 2016 and from 38% to 6% among non-Hispanic African American families. The proportion of white families with young children who owned handguns, however, increased from 25% to 32%; 72% of firearm-owning families with young children now own a handgun. Increases in handgun ownership partially explained the recent rise in firearm-related white child mortality (B = 0.426), net of economic conditions, and sociodemographic characteristics of firearm-owning families. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the types of firearms in the homes of US families may partially explain recently rising firearm-related mortality among young white children. These findings hold relevance for pediatricians and policy makers aiming to reduce firearm-related mortality and promote firearm safety in children's homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate C Prickett
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - Carmen Gutierrez
- Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Soudeep Deb
- Department of Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Watanabe T, Shirasaka S. Pastoral Practices and Common Use of Pastureland: The Case of Karakul, North-Eastern Tajik Pamirs. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15122725. [PMID: 30513930 PMCID: PMC6313812 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study describes pastoralism practiced in the Karakul village, Northeast of Tajikistan, and discusses its sustainability. Tajikistan introduced a market economy at independence in 1991, and pastoralism is now practiced on a family-unit basis. The families in Karakul graze livestock in their summer pastureland (jailoo) and move their livestock to winter pastureland around the village (kyshtoo). They make groups for pasturage with several families in jailoo and also in kyshtoo. Each group pastures their livestock every day, using a system called novad. In addition to jailoo and kyshtoo, they also practice pastoralism on two additional kinds of pastureland: küzdöö (spring pastureland) and bäärlöö (autumn pastureland). Still, now, the Karakul villagers use their pastureland as the commons: the Karakul village has not established private possession of pastureland even after a law enabled the division of common pastureland among individual families. Using the pastureland as the commons would be preferred by the local pastoralists. However, the free pasture access as the commons may result in a loss of sustainability as a trade-off. Regardless of privatization or the continued use of the commons, the possible development of the uneven use of the pastureland is inferred and should be avoided, and the introduction of a local management structure is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Watanabe
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shirasaka
- Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan.
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De Santo NG, Citterio F, De Santo LS, Venditti G, De Rosa G, Di Iorio B, Capasso G. [Laws regulating transplantation should express the contemporaneity. Questions to the constitutionalist Francesco Paolo Casavola and to the philosophers Remo Bodei and Aldo Masullo about the possibility deciding the destiny of one's own organs at the time one decides on how to die and on contacts between donor families and recipients.]. G Ital Nefrol 2018; 35:35-6-2018-2. [PMID: 30550032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation represents modernity thus the laws regulating the procedure should be continuously renovated and remodeled in order to take full advantage of progress. The debate is about Law no. 219, December 22, 2017 and on Law no. 222, April 1, 1999. The quests are a) about the possibility to modify the first so that people deciding on how they want to die, may also decide about their willingness to allow the removal of their organs for transplantation and b) the possibility for donor families and recipients to have contacts after transplantation in the case both sides agree. Questions were emailed to the constitutionalist Francesco Paolo Casavola, immediate Past President of the National Committee for Bioethics, and to the philosophers Remo Bodei and Aldo Masullo. Their answers received by September 16, support the idea a) to include in the Law no. 219, 2017 the possibility to decide not only on the modality one wants to die but also on the possibility to allow his own organs to be removed for transplantation and b) to liberalize contacts between donor families and recipients when both side agree. For both changes there is enough evidence of their feasibility-necessity. The answers related to contacts between donor families and recipients support the decision of the National Committee for Bioethics on September 27, 2018. Professor Casavola also suggests that contacts should organized and supervised by the ethical committees of the hospitals where the transplantation procedure is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natale G De Santo
- Professore Emerito, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Responsabile di Sopravvivere Non Basta
| | - Franco Citterio
- Unità di Trapianto Renale, Clinica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Gemelli, Roma
| | | | | | - Giusy De Rosa
- Comitato Scientifico di Sopravvivere Non Basta, Istituto Comprensivo Ruggiero, Caserta
| | - Biagio Di Iorio
- Unità Complessa di Nefrologia AORN Ospedale Cardarelli, Napoli
| | - Giovambattista Capasso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Napoli
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Abstract
Advancements in the field of biotechnology have accelerated the development of drugs that are manufactured from cultures of living cells, commonly referred to as "biologics." Due to the complexity of the production process, generic biologics are unlikely to be chemically identical to the reference product, and accordingly are referred to as "biosimilars." Encouraging the development of biosimilars has been presented as the key solution to decrease prices and increase access to biologics, but the development and use of biosimilars continues to raise problems, none of which can easily be addressed. Developing a biosimilar requires considerable time and financial resources, and legitimate safety concerns necessitate elaborate clinical testing of biosimilars. As a consequence, the introduction of biosimilars onto the market has not resulted in significant price reductions, and concerns regarding the substitution and interchangeability of original biologics with biosimilars persist. This article will explain how the biologics production process distorts the trade-offs that traditionally guided both patent protection and regulatory exclusivities: disclosure as a key condition for benefiting from the corresponding monopoly position. Hence, we propose establishing a mechanism of mandatory deposit of the original biologic's cell line at the stage of the regulatory approval as the most effective remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Diependaele
- Lisa Diependaele, LL.M., is an Assistant Academic Staff member at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences at Ghent University. She obtained a M.A. in Moral Sciences (Ethics) at Ghent University (Belgium) in 2011, and a LL.M. in International and European Law at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB, Belgium) in 2012. Julian Cockbain, D.Phil., is a Consultant European Patent Attorney based in Gent, Belgium. After taking a degree and a doctorate in chemistry at Oxford University, he joined the patent and trademark attorney firm Dehns in London in 1979, qualifying as a UK patent attorney in 1983 and as a European Patent Attorney in 1984. He was appointed partner at Dehns in 1985, a position he held until 2012. He has published widely on patent-related matters. Sigrid Sterckx, Ph.D., is Professor of Ethics and Political and Social Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences of Ghent University. She lectures courses in theoretical and applied ethics as well as social and political philosophy. Her current research projects focus on: patenting in biomedicine and genomics; human tissue research and biobanking; organ transplantation; end-of-life decisions; and global justice. She has published widely on these issues. Diependaele, Cockbain, and Sterckx are all members of the Bioethics Institute Gent
| | - Julian Cockbain
- Lisa Diependaele, LL.M., is an Assistant Academic Staff member at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences at Ghent University. She obtained a M.A. in Moral Sciences (Ethics) at Ghent University (Belgium) in 2011, and a LL.M. in International and European Law at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB, Belgium) in 2012. Julian Cockbain, D.Phil., is a Consultant European Patent Attorney based in Gent, Belgium. After taking a degree and a doctorate in chemistry at Oxford University, he joined the patent and trademark attorney firm Dehns in London in 1979, qualifying as a UK patent attorney in 1983 and as a European Patent Attorney in 1984. He was appointed partner at Dehns in 1985, a position he held until 2012. He has published widely on patent-related matters. Sigrid Sterckx, Ph.D., is Professor of Ethics and Political and Social Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences of Ghent University. She lectures courses in theoretical and applied ethics as well as social and political philosophy. Her current research projects focus on: patenting in biomedicine and genomics; human tissue research and biobanking; organ transplantation; end-of-life decisions; and global justice. She has published widely on these issues. Diependaele, Cockbain, and Sterckx are all members of the Bioethics Institute Gent
| | - Sigrid Sterckx
- Lisa Diependaele, LL.M., is an Assistant Academic Staff member at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences at Ghent University. She obtained a M.A. in Moral Sciences (Ethics) at Ghent University (Belgium) in 2011, and a LL.M. in International and European Law at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB, Belgium) in 2012. Julian Cockbain, D.Phil., is a Consultant European Patent Attorney based in Gent, Belgium. After taking a degree and a doctorate in chemistry at Oxford University, he joined the patent and trademark attorney firm Dehns in London in 1979, qualifying as a UK patent attorney in 1983 and as a European Patent Attorney in 1984. He was appointed partner at Dehns in 1985, a position he held until 2012. He has published widely on patent-related matters. Sigrid Sterckx, Ph.D., is Professor of Ethics and Political and Social Philosophy at the Department of Philosophy and Moral Sciences of Ghent University. She lectures courses in theoretical and applied ethics as well as social and political philosophy. Her current research projects focus on: patenting in biomedicine and genomics; human tissue research and biobanking; organ transplantation; end-of-life decisions; and global justice. She has published widely on these issues. Diependaele, Cockbain, and Sterckx are all members of the Bioethics Institute Gent
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21
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Russo K. The Digital Life of Henrietta Lacks: Reforming the Regulation of Genetic Material. J Leg Med 2018; 38:449-470. [PMID: 31307345 DOI: 10.1080/01947648.2017.1419152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Williams DR, Spaulding TJ. The inherent risks associated with newly traded biopharmaceutical firms. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1680-1688. [PMID: 29936246 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide a comprehensive study related to the risks of all biopharmaceutical firms going public in the USA between 1996 and 2015. We found 355 firms that met our requirements for being in the sector that focuses on creating drugs for humans. Collectively, these firms spent approximately US$86.9 billion on research and development (R&D) during this time. They also lost approximately US$69.3 billion in combined net income. We also examine the delisting of these firms from a public market, their number of collaborators at the initial public offering (IPO), and estimate the percentage ownership by other biopharmaceutical firms at the IPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Williams
- Appalachian State University, Beaver College of Health Sciences, 261 Locust Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
| | - Trent J Spaulding
- Appalachian State University, Beaver College of Health Sciences, 261 Locust Street, Boone, NC 28608, USA
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Blasiak R, Jouffray JB, Wabnitz CCC, Sundström E, Österblom H. Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar5237. [PMID: 29881777 PMCID: PMC5990308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Who owns ocean biodiversity? This is an increasingly relevant question, given the legal uncertainties associated with the use of genetic resources from areas beyond national jurisdiction, which cover half of the Earth's surface. We accessed 38 million records of genetic sequences associated with patents and created a database of 12,998 sequences extracted from 862 marine species. We identified >1600 sequences from 91 species associated with deep-sea and hydrothermal vent systems, reflecting commercial interest in organisms from remote ocean areas, as well as a capacity to collect and use the genes of such species. A single corporation registered 47% of all marine sequences included in gene patents, exceeding the combined share of 220 other companies (37%). Universities and their commercialization partners registered 12%. Actors located or headquartered in 10 countries registered 98% of all patent sequences, and 165 countries were unrepresented. Our findings highlight the importance of inclusive participation by all states in international negotiations and the urgency of clarifying the legal regime around access and benefit sharing of marine genetic resources. We identify a need for greater transparency regarding species provenance, transfer of patent ownership, and activities of corporations with a disproportionate influence over the patenting of marine biodiversity. We suggest that identifying these key actors is a critical step toward encouraging innovation, fostering greater equity, and promoting better ocean stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Blasiak
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Baptiste Jouffray
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere Academy Programme, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Colette C. C. Wabnitz
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Emma Sundström
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Österblom
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Farr CM, Reed SE, Pejchar L. Social Network Analysis Identifies Key Participants in Conservation Development. Environ Manage 2018; 61:732-740. [PMID: 29502157 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-018-1017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding patterns of participation in private lands conservation, which is often implemented voluntarily by individual citizens and private organizations, could improve its effectiveness at combating biodiversity loss. We used social network analysis (SNA) to examine participation in conservation development (CD), a private land conservation strategy that clusters houses in a small portion of a property while preserving the remaining land as protected open space. Using data from public records for six counties in Colorado, USA, we compared CD participation patterns among counties and identified actors that most often work with others to implement CDs. We found that social network characteristics differed among counties. The network density, or proportion of connections in the network, varied from fewer than 2 to nearly 15%, and was higher in counties with smaller populations and fewer CDs. Centralization, or the degree to which connections are held disproportionately by a few key actors, was not correlated strongly with any county characteristics. Network characteristics were not correlated with the prevalence of wildlife-friendly design features in CDs. The most highly connected actors were biological and geological consultants, surveyors, and engineers. Our work demonstrates a new application of SNA to land-use planning, in which CD network patterns are examined and key actors are identified. For better conservation outcomes of CD, we recommend using network patterns to guide strategies for outreach and information dissemination, and engaging with highly connected actor types to encourage widespread adoption of best practices for CD design and stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cooper M Farr
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
| | - Sarah E Reed
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Americas Program, Bronx, NY, 10460, USA
| | - Liba Pejchar
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Hazel JW, Slobogin C. Who Knows What, and When?: A Survey of the Privacy Policies Proffered by U.S. Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Companies. Cornell J Law Public Policy 2018; 28:35-66. [PMID: 30840416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) companies have proliferated in the past several years. Based on an analysis of genetic material submitted by consumers, these companies offer a wide array of services, ranging from providing information about health and ancestry to identification of surreptitiously-gathered biological material sent in by suspicious spouses. Federal and state laws are ambiguous about the types of disclosures these companies must make about how the genetic information they obtain is collected, used, and shared. In an effort to assist in developing such laws, this Article reports a survey of the privacy policies these companies purport to follow. It canvasses ninety DTC-GT companies operating in the United States and provides a detailed analysis of whether and to what extent those policies inform consumers about how their genetic information will be used and secured, with whom it will be shared, and a host of other issues. Using the Federal Trade Commission’s articulation of the Fair Information Practice Principles and the agency’s proposed Privacy Framework as the baseline, we conclude that most policies fall well short of the ideal.
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Felthous AR, Swanson J. Prohibition of Persons With Mental Illness From Gun Ownership Under Tyler. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2017; 45:478-484. [PMID: 29282240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Supreme Court's Heller and McDonald decisions are the most important legal affirmations of the right of U.S. citizens to possess and bear firearms under the Second Amendment. Heller and McDonald are also significant in citing persons with mental illness as an exceptional group, whose right may be restricted by the U.S. Government. From 1968 onward, federal and state governments have enacted legislation prohibiting gun ownership by persons with mental illness who have been involuntarily committed to an institution or deemed by a legal authority to be dangerous or mentally incompetent. The U.S. Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals in its first Tyler decision (Tyler I) placed limitations on legislation that restricts persons with mental illness from owning firearms. In its second decision (Tyler II), the appellate court reversed and remanded the case to the district court with instruction to apply "intermediate scrutiny" to determine whether this statute was constitutionally applied to appellant Charles Tyler, whose right to possess firearms was restricted in 1985 after a singular involuntary commitment during a transitory mental health crisis. Although it applies only to the Sixth Circuit, Tyler could have precedential influence on gun restrictions for persons with mental illness in other jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Felthous
- Dr. Felthous is Professor and Director of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO. Dr. Swanson is Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC.
| | - Jeffrey Swanson
- Dr. Felthous is Professor and Director of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO. Dr. Swanson is Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Velasco-Villa A, Escobar LE, Sanchez A, Shi M, Streicker DG, Gallardo-Romero NF, Vargas-Pino F, Gutierrez-Cedillo V, Damon I, Emerson G. Successful strategies implemented towards the elimination of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere. Antiviral Res 2017; 143:1-12. [PMID: 28385500 PMCID: PMC5543804 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Almost all cases of human rabies result from dog bites, making the elimination of canine rabies a global priority. During recent decades, many countries in the Western Hemisphere have carried out large-scale dog vaccination campaigns, controlled their free-ranging dog populations and enforced legislation for responsible pet ownership. This article reviews progress in eliminating canine rabies from the Western Hemisphere. After briefly summarizing the history of control efforts and describing the approaches listed above, we note that programs in some countries have been hindered by societal attitudes and severe economic disparities, which underlines the need to discuss measures that will be required to complete the elimination of canine rabies throughout the region. We also note that there is a constant threat for dog-maintained epizootics to re-occur, so as long as dog-maintained rabies "hot spots" are still present, free-roaming dog populations remain large, herd immunity becomes low and dog-derived rabies lyssavirus (RABLV) variants continue to circulate in close proximity to rabies-naïve dog populations. The elimination of dog-maintained rabies will be only feasible if both dog-maintained and dog-derived RABLV lineages and variants are permanently eliminated. This may be possible by keeping dog herd immunity above 70% at all times, fostering sustained laboratory-based surveillance through reliable rabies diagnosis and RABLV genetic typing in dogs, domestic animals and wildlife, as well as continuing to educate the population on the risk of rabies transmission, prevention and responsible pet ownership. Complete elimination of canine rabies requires permanent funding, with governments and people committed to make it a reality. An accompanying article reviews the history and epidemiology of canine rabies in the Western Hemisphere, beginning with its introduction during the period of European colonization, and discusses how spillovers of viruses between dogs and various wild carnivores will affect future eradication efforts (Velasco-Villa et al., 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Velasco-Villa
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, 30329 GA, USA.
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, 55108 MN, USA
| | - Anthony Sanchez
- Research & Environmental Safety Programs, Research Compliance and Safety, Georgia State University, Dahlberg Hall Building, 30 Courtland Street, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mang Shi
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniel G Streicker
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ Scotland, UK; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Sir Henry Wellcome Building, Glasgow, G61 1QH Scotland, UK
| | - Nadia F Gallardo-Romero
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, 30329 GA, USA
| | - Fernando Vargas-Pino
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Secretaria de Salud, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - Veronica Gutierrez-Cedillo
- Centro Nacional de Programas Preventivos y Control de Enfermedades (CENAPRECE), Secretaria de Salud, Cuidad de México, Mexico
| | - Inger Damon
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, 30329 GA, USA
| | - Ginny Emerson
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE, Atlanta, 30329 GA, USA
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Gilden L. Exploring Legal Models to Preserve Catholicity. Health Prog 2017; 98:35-39. [PMID: 30039956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As the structures of U.S. health systems evolve, a number of Catholic systems have found it necessary to transfer ownership of their hospitals to other-than-Catholic entities. In such cases, the selling sponsors have a key decision to make: Can the hospital maintain its Catholic identity after the sale?
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Zhou L, Yang S, Wang S, Xiong L. Ownership reform and the changing manufacturing landscape in Chinese cities: The case of Wuxi. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173607. [PMID: 28278284 PMCID: PMC5344504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the economic transition, manufacturing in China has undergone profound changes not only in number of enterprises, but also in ownership structure and intra-urban spatial distribution. Investigating the changing manufacturing landscape from the perspective of ownership structure is critical to a deep understanding of the changing role of market and government in re-shaping manufacturing location behavior. Through a case study of Wuxi, a city experiencing comprehensive ownership reform, this paper presents a detailed analysis of the intra-urban spatial shift of manufacturing, identifies the location discrepancies, and examines the underlying forces responsible for the geographical differentiations. Through zone- and district-based analysis, a distinctive trend of decentralization and suburbanization, as well as an uneven distribution of manufacturing, is unveiled. The results of Location Quotient analysis show that the distribution of manufacturing by ownership exhibits distinctive spatial patterns, which is characterized by a historically-based, market-led, and institutionally-created spatial variation. By employing Hot Spot analysis, the role of development zones in attracting manufacturing enterprises of different ownerships is established. Overall, the location behavior of the diversified manufacturing has been increasingly based on the forces of market since the land marketization began. A proactive role played by local governments has also guided the enterprise location decision through spatial planning and regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- School of Geographic and Biologic Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geography, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shan Yang
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Department of Geography, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liyang Xiong
- School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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Maddox N. Property, Control and Separated Human Biomaterials. Eur J Health Law 2017; 24:24-45. [PMID: 29210252 DOI: 10.1163/15718093-12341411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This article examines the relationship between the existence of control rights and property in separated human biomaterials. Much of the theory as to what constitutes property is examined and it is contended that Article 22 of the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine does not presuppose property in such materials. An analysis is undertaken of the case-law relating to control and property in sperm and embryos from the UK, Australia and the US and the shortcomings of utilising the property paradigm in these disputes are highlighted.
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Abstract
In its governance activities for genetic resources, the international community has adopted various approaches to their ownership, including: free access; common heritage of mankind; intellectual property rights; and state sovereign rights. They have also created systems which combine elements of these approaches. While governance of plant and animal genetic resources is well-established internationally, there has not yet been a clear approach selected for human genetic resources. Based on assessment of the goals which international governance of human genetic resources ought to serve, and the implications for how they will be accessed and utilised, it is argued that common heritage of mankind will be the most appropriate approach to adopt to their ownership/control. It does this with the aim of stimulating discussion in this area and providing a starting point for deeper consideration of how a common heritage of mankind, or similar, regime for human genetic resources would function and be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Rhodes
- Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation, 3.614 Stopford Building, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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Abstract
I sketch a libertarian argument for the right to test in the context of 'direct to consumer' (DTC) genetic testing. A libertarian right to genetic tests, as defined here, relies on the idea of a moral right to self-ownership. I show how a libertarian right to test can be inferred from this general libertarian premise, at least as a prima facie right, shifting the burden of justification on regulators. I distinguish this distinctively libertarian position from some arguments based on considerations of utility or autonomy, which are sometimes labelled 'libertarian' because they oppose a tight regulation of the direct to consumer genetic testing sector. If one takes the libertarian right to test as a starting point, the whole discussion concerning autonomy and personal utility may be sidestepped. Finally, I briefly consider some considerations that justify the regulation of the DTC genetic testing market, compatible with the recognition of a prima facie right to test.
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TDIC Risk Management Staff. Preservation of Property: A Critical Obligation. J Calif Dent Assoc 2016; 44:459-60. [PMID: 27514157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
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Ronald LA, McGregor MJ, Harrington C, Pollock A, Lexchin J. Observational Evidence of For-Profit Delivery and Inferior Nursing Home Care: When Is There Enough Evidence for Policy Change? PLoS Med 2016; 13:e1001995. [PMID: 27093442 PMCID: PMC4836753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Margaret McGregor and colleagues consider Bradford Hill's framework for examining causation in observational research for the association between nursing home care quality and for-profit ownership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Ronald
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Margaret J. McGregor
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Charlene Harrington
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Allyson Pollock
- Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Primary Care and Public Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joel Lexchin
- School of Health Policy and Management at York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toki V. Biobanking: Relational obligations. J Law Med 2016; 23:710-726. [PMID: 27323645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between the donor and donee within a biobanking framework is complex and dynamic. Issues such as ownership, rights and benefits often influence outcomes and access for researchers. In New Zealand, a raft of soft and hard law measures exist unconvincingly to govern this relationship. This article examines the current legislative provisions in New Zealand and explores possible avenues such as dynamic and broad consent, equity and contract that may provide a more appropriate framework for biobanking donors and donees.
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Bonython W, Arnold BB. Beyond the corporeal: Extending propertisation of body parts to derivative information. J Law Med 2016; 23:688-709. [PMID: 27323644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Jurisprudential consideration of property in the human body has typically conceptualised it as tangible, of finite lifespan, with limited end uses. This article offers an alternative conceptualisation: the body as information--intangible, infinite, and perpetual. Global markets in health "big data"--including population genomic data--trade this information. Emerging jurisprudence on source rights in this information are derived from jurisprudence based on the traditional, tangible, finite conceptualisation of the body--itself controversial--criticised in part for disregarding property rights vesting in the self, while recognising them in strangers. As such, it provides an uncertain foundation for extension to govern rights over derivatives, enabling disregard of legitimate concerns about health, commercialisation and genetic privacy, concerns compounded by the intergenerational nature of genetic information. A more nuanced approach, recognising that donors and strangers alike hold only weak custodial rights over access, use, and dissemination of tissues and derivative information, is required.
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Fortin JK, Rode KD, Hilderbrand GV, Wilder J, Farley S, Jorgensen C, Marcot BG. Impacts of Human Recreation on Brown Bears (Ursus arctos): A Review and New Management Tool. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0141983. [PMID: 26731652 PMCID: PMC4701408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased popularity of recreational activities in natural areas has led to the need to better understand their impacts on wildlife. The majority of research conducted to date has focused on behavioral effects from individual recreations, thus there is a limited understanding of the potential for population-level or cumulative effects. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are the focus of a growing wildlife viewing industry and are found in habitats frequented by recreationists. Managers face difficult decisions in balancing recreational opportunities with habitat protection for wildlife. Here, we integrate results from empirical studies with expert knowledge to better understand the potential population-level effects of recreational activities on brown bears. We conducted a literature review and Delphi survey of brown bear experts to better understand the frequencies and types of recreations occurring in bear habitats and their potential effects, and to identify management solutions and research needs. We then developed a Bayesian network model that allows managers to estimate the potential effects of recreational management decisions in bear habitats. A higher proportion of individual brown bears in coastal habitats were exposed to recreation, including photography and bear-viewing than bears in interior habitats where camping and hiking were more common. Our results suggest that the primary mechanism by which recreation may impact brown bears is through temporal and spatial displacement with associated increases in energetic costs and declines in nutritional intake. Killings in defense of life and property were found to be minimally associated with recreation in Alaska, but are important considerations in population management. Regulating recreation to occur predictably in space and time and limiting recreation in habitats with concentrated food resources reduces impacts on food intake and may thereby, reduce impacts on reproduction and survival. Our results suggest that decisions managers make about regulating recreational activities in time and space have important consequences for bear populations. The Bayesian network model developed here provides a new tool for managers to balance demands of multiple recreational activities while supporting healthy bear populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K. Fortin
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
- College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karyn D. Rode
- US Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Grant V. Hilderbrand
- National Park Service – Alaska Region, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - James Wilder
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Sean Farley
- Alaska Department of Fish & Game, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Carole Jorgensen
- Chugach National Forest, USDA Forest Service, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Bruce G. Marcot
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
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40
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Schulte DJ. Watch Out for Objectionable 'Insecurity Clauses' in Practice Loan Documentation. J Mich Dent Assoc 2016; 98:18. [PMID: 26882641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Abstract
In today's world, there is easy access to new and exotic destinations, and many weird and wonderful species can be seen on television. But should these species be kept as pets, and whose job is it to tell people what pets they can and cannot keep? This was a topic discussed at the BVA Congress on November 19. Georgina Mills reports.
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Lucarelli M. Medical records: creation vs. control. Med Econ 2015; 92:60. [PMID: 26875337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Gayte-Papon de Lameigné A. [The legal status of elements and products of the human body: object or subject of law?]. J Int Bioethique 2015; 26 Spec no:185-198. [PMID: 26638333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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44
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Sabbah A. Buying Commercial Real Estate for Your Practice? Set Up Your Office Lease Properly. Todays FDA 2015; 27:24-25. [PMID: 26460431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Williams M, Ballard DH, DeLeonardis C, Prasad J, Wigle R, Johnson LW, Pahilan ME, Samra NS. Pediatric unintentional firearm injuries: a Northwestern Louisiana trauma center analysis. Am Surg 2015; 81:653-654. [PMID: 26031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mallory Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Zuzek C. Who Really Owns Knapp Medical Center? Tex Med 2015; 111:47-50. [PMID: 26047519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The sale of Knapp Medical Center in Weslaco to Prime Healthcare Foundation raised questions regarding the validity of the transaction and prompted the City of Weslaco to sue Prime and other parties.
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T O'Gara
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Adashi EY, Kocher RP. Government regulations on physician self-referral--reply. JAMA 2015; 313:1977-8. [PMID: 25988474 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2015.3629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Y Adashi
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Robert P Kocher
- Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
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49
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak A Kapoor
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, Melville, New York
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