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Wyker B, Gupta M. Emergency department visits for dog bite injuries in Missouri municipalities with and without breed-specific legislation: a propensity score-matched analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1354698. [PMID: 38645462 PMCID: PMC11032045 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1354698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Breed-Specific Legislation is a type of law that bans or restricts ownership of specific dog breeds. Some local governments - including over seventy municipalities in the state of Missouri - have enacted Breed-Specific Legislation to prevent injuries from dog bites. Several studies from the peer-reviewed literature have found that aggressive behavior is not associated with any particular dog breeds and, since 2018, at least a dozen municipalities in Missouri have repealed these laws. To evaluate the impact of Breed-Specific Legislation on public safety, the 2010-2015 rates of emergency department visits for dog bite-related injuries in Missouri municipalities with and without Breed-Specific Legislation were compared. Propensity-score matched negative binomial regression models were used to assess the effect of breed restrictions on injury rates while balancing the samples on population characteristics and estimates of dog ownership. After matching the sample on population, housing and dog ownership estimates, no association was found between emergency department visits for dog bite injuries and whether the municipality enacted Breed-Specific Legislation. However, the incidence rate ratio of emergency room visits for dog bite-related injuries increased by 13.8% for every 1% increase in the percentage of males aged 5 to 9 in the population (p < 0.01). This study has found breed discriminatory laws have not reduced the risk of emergency department visits for injury from dog bites in Missouri. There appears to be no greater risk to public safety as local governments move to repeal existing breed bans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Wyker
- Strategy and Research, American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, New York, NY, United States
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Sacco MA, Galassi FM, Varotto E, Landini L, Gualtieri S, Mazzuca W, Ricci P, Chiaravalloti G, Aquila I. A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Complex Fatal Attack Due to a Pack of Maremma Sheepdogs: Is It Always an Accident? Cureus 2024; 16:e56911. [PMID: 38659560 PMCID: PMC11042836 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Deaths due to dog attacks are a worldwide issue. Fatal dog attacks may occur in various environments, including the dog owner's property. A lot of difficulties emerge when the attack involves a pack of dogs, of different species and sizes. In this case, it becomes much more difficult for forensic investigators to evaluate the event, especially regarding the identification of the dog or dogs that caused the death as well as the identification of the owner and the reconstruction of the dynamics for forensic purposes. In this paper, we analyze a specific case of an attack by a herd of Maremma sheepdogs. A crime scene investigation has been carried out. In the first phase of this case, the victim interacted with dogs that had non-aggressive attitudes. Then, after an escape attempt, she was assaulted by about 20 Maremma dogs of different sizes, leading to multiple injuries all over her body. The greatest difficulty was precisely that of reconstructing the dynamics due to the numerous injuries and dogs involved in the attack. The dynamics were divided into several stages following the analysis of the injuries found on the victim. This case study highlights how the forensic multidisciplinary approach has made it possible to precisely reconstruct the event. The analysis of the dogs' state of malnutrition and their suddenly aggressive attitude towards the victim revealed profiles of responsibility of the owner attributable to improper management and training of the animals to defend their property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Antonio Sacco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ITA
| | - Francesco Maria Galassi
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, POL
| | - Elena Varotto
- College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, AUS
| | - Laura Landini
- Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Anthropology, Paleopathology and Bioarchaeology (FAPAB) Research Center, Avola, ITA
| | - Saverio Gualtieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ITA
| | - Wandamaria Mazzuca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ITA
| | - Pietrantonio Ricci
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ITA
| | | | - Isabella Aquila
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, ITA
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Gonzaga MDC, Borges JRJ, Alves TS, de Sousa DER, de Castro MB, Câmara ACL. Domestic dog attacks on livestock referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1342258. [PMID: 38450030 PMCID: PMC10914968 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1342258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Losses and the economic impact of dog attacks (DAs) on livestock are often overlooked and include factors such as decreased production, expenses for treatment and handling, and death of injured animals. This study evaluated the epidemiological, therapeutic, and pathological findings of DAs on livestock over an 11-year survey using the records of farm animals referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Livestock attacked by dogs included 31 sheep, 11 horses, 3 cattle, 3 goats, and 2 pigs, totaling 50 animals. Anatomical locations injured by dog bites were identified as head/neck, thoracic/pelvic limbs, abdomen/flank, rump/tail, and multiple affected regions (two or more bite sites). Additionally, the severity of the injuries was classified into four degrees adapted from the classification of dog bite injuries in children. Most livestock presented Grade 1 (26%) and Grade 2 (28%) injuries, while Grade 3 and Grade 4 injuries were observed in 46% of DAs. Furthermore, 35 animals (70%) were discharged, 9 (18%) died, and 6 (12%) were humanely euthanized. DAs may represent a significant cause for referring livestock species to clinical care, severe injuries, and a considerable number of deaths. In this study, we provide information regarding DAs on livestock for the first time in Midwestern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana da Costa Gonzaga
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - José Renato Junqueira Borges
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Teresa Souza Alves
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de Sousa
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Márcio Botelho de Castro
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Lopes Câmara
- Large Animal Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Julka D, Khan AM, Kumari N, Soni U. Burden of dog bite injuries and wound management practices to prevent rabies among dog owners. J Family Med Prim Care 2024; 13:568-571. [PMID: 38605805 PMCID: PMC11006032 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_768_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite members of dog-owning families being at a higher risk of dog bites owing to their proximity to dogs in their household, there are hardly any studies from India which focus on the burden of dog bites among them and their rabies control and prevention practices. This study aimed to estimate the burden of dog bites among dog owners and their wound management practices to prevent rabies. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among pet dog owners in a high-end housing society of National Capital Region of Delhi. A pre-tested and pre-validated schedule was used to collect data by consecutive sampling through community survey. Data were analyzed using R software. The incidence of dog bites and the status of rabies prevention practices adopted by the participants are presented as proportions. Chi-square test was applied to compare proportions. Results A total of 100 families were studied, which covered 355 family members. The incidence of dog bites in the past 1 year was found to be 44/355, 12.4% (95% confidence interval 9.2-16.3%). Pet dogs were responsible for 31/44 (70.5%) bites. Among 44 dog bite incidents, 30 (68.2%) reported taking any injection after the incident, and 10 (22.7%) reported receiving an anti-rabies vaccine. Only six out of 100 families reported at least one family member covered by rabies pre-exposure prophylaxis. Conclusion The incidence of dog bites among the dog owners was high. The rabies pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis practices adopted by the participants were found to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhawani Julka
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amir M. Khan
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Nitu Kumari
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ujjwal Soni
- Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Giovane R, Pernia L, Guy T, Blevins H. An Infected Dog Bite With Neisseria canis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2024; 16:e52712. [PMID: 38384600 PMCID: PMC10880041 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neisseria is a common bacteria that colonizes in humans. Of the 11 species, only two, N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhea, are pathogenic. Although sparse, there are case reports of other Neisseria species causing infections in humans. Neisseria canis, which is a part of normal flora in the mouths of dogs and cats, has been shown to have potential to be pathogenic in humans. The standard treatment for dog and cat bites is oral amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin) or IV ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn). However, in cases where the patient has multiple antibiotic allergies, careful antibiotic selection must be made to ensure resolution of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis Pernia
- Plastic Surgery, DCH Regional Medical Center, Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Traci Guy
- Pharmacology, Northport Medical Center Pharmacy Department, Northport, USA
| | - Hannah Blevins
- Pharmacology, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Birmingham, USA
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Daigle L, Ravel A, Lévesque F, Mokoush KN, Rondenay Y, Simon A, Aenishaenslin C. Barriers and opportunities for improving dog bite prevention and dog management practices in northern Indigenous communities. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1199576. [PMID: 37795013 PMCID: PMC10546191 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1199576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, people living in northern Indigenous communities are at higher risk of dog bites than the rest of the population living in North America, with annual incidence ranging from 0.61 to 59.6/10,000 inhabitants. Considering that rabies is endemic in wild canid populations in certain regions of the Arctic, the prevention of dog bites and the management of dog populations are of crucial importance for public health in these contexts. Most northern communities lack access to veterinary services, mainly due to their remote geographical location and to limited financial resources. Currently, northern Indigenous communities are using different approaches and strategies to prevent dog bites and manage dog populations, but the effectiveness of these approaches sometimes lacks evidence, and their low acceptability may affect their implementation. This study aims to describe (1) the current access and uses of veterinary services, and (2) the perceived barriers and opportunities related to dog population management practices currently implemented, or that could be implemented, in a Naskapi community and an Innu community located in northern Quebec (Canada). Quantitative data were collected through a survey to inhabitants on veterinary services (n = 122). Qualitative data were collected using individual interviews to inhabitants and health professionals to describe how dog population management measures were perceived, and to identify barriers and opportunities related to their implementation (n = 37). Descriptive and inferential analysis (quantitative data) and thematic analysis (qualitative data) were performed. Results show that the two main measures implemented at the time of the study - dog culling and short-duration veterinary clinics - were not perceived as fully acceptable and sustainable. Reinforcing access to veterinary services and other dog-related services, such as shelters and training programs on dogs, was identified as a need to improve dog bites prevention and dog population management in remote Indigenous communities. The implementation of animal health measures should be decided by concerned Indigenous communities to follow decolonial practices. It includes ensuring informed consent of dog owners, improving communication before, during and after interventions, separating veterinary services from rehoming and, most importantly giving back to Indigenous communities the complete leadership over animal health in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daigle
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal et du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Centre-Sud-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - André Ravel
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Lévesque
- École d’études autochtones, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, Val-d’Or, QC, Canada
| | | | - Yves Rondenay
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vétérinaire, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Simon
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Cécile Aenishaenslin
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé publique, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal et du Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Centre-Sud-de-l’île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Sreeramaraju V, Babu VS, Sharma MK, Jha MK, Bhattacharya S. A Retrospective Observational Study of Facial Dog Bite Injuries and Its Management in a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Plast Surg 2023; 56:367-372. [PMID: 37705817 PMCID: PMC10497327 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background : Facial dog bite injuries result in significant emotional, psychological, and physical trauma to the victims involved and should be considered a significant health issue. The purpose of this study is to share our experience in the management and to add to the existing medical literature regarding the epidemiological patterns of facial dog bite injuries. Materials and Methods : This is a single-center retrospective observational study conducted at Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi, from January 2021 to January 2022. A total of 105 patients were included. The wounds were managed according to the recommendations made by the national rabies control program and surgical intervention was performed in the form of primary suturing or flap cover. Results : Children of age group 0 to 10 years are most commonly affected. Pet dogs are the cause in 61% of cases and 57.1% of bites were provoked. Midface is most commonly affected and modified Lackmann's class 3A and 3B are the most common wounds. Conclusion : In view of raising incidence of dog bites with pet dogs, the general public needs to be educated regarding the practices to prevent these injuries. Postexposure prophylaxis should be given to all affected individuals irrespective of the vaccination status of the dog. Immediate surgical intervention gives better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vulchi Sreeramaraju
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaddi Suman Babu
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Sharma
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Jha
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameek Bhattacharya
- Department of Burns, Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, ABVIMS and Dr. RML Hospital, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi, India
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Portilho FVR, Nóbrega J, de Almeida BO, Mota AR, de Paula CL, Listoni FJP, Bosco SMG, Oliveira AL, Cunha MDLRS, Ribeiro MG. Microbial Complexity of Oral Cavity of Healthy Dogs Identified by Mass Spectrometry and Next-Generation Sequencing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2467. [PMID: 37570276 PMCID: PMC10417733 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The high complexity of the oral microbiota of healthy dogs and the close exposure of humans to companion animals represent a risk of the transmission of potential zoonotic microorganisms to humans, especially through dog bites, including multidrug-resistant ones. Nonetheless, a limited number of comprehensive studies have focused on the diversity of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavities of healthy dogs, particularly based on modern molecular techniques. We investigated bacterial and fungal organisms in the oral cavities of 100 healthy dogs based on a combination of conventional and selective microbiological culture, mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and next-generation sequencing. In addition, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates and mecA resistance gene were assessed. A total of 213 bacteria and 20 fungi were isolated. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (40/100 = 40%), α-hemolytic Streptococcus (37/100 = 37%), and Pasteurella stomatis (22/100 = 22%) were the most prevalent bacteria diagnosed by microbiological culture and MALDI-TOF MS, whereas Aspergillus (10/100 = 10%) was the most common fungi identified. Based on next-generation sequencing of selected 20 sampled dogs, Porphyromonas (32.5%), Moraxella (16.3%), Fusobacterium (12.8%), Conchiformibius (9.5%), Bergeyella (5%), Campylobacter (3.8%), and Capnocytophaga (3.4%) genera were prevalent. A high multidrug resistance rate was observed in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, particularly to azithromycin (19/19 = 100%), penicillin (15/19 = 78.9%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (15/19 = 78.9%). In addition, the mecA resistance gene was detected in 6.1% (3/49) of coagulase-positive staphylococci. Here, we highlight the microbial complexity of the oral mucosa of healthy dogs, including potential zoonotic microorganisms and multidrug-resistant bacteria, contributing with the investigation of the microbiota and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the microorganisms that inhabit the oral cavity of healthy dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio V. R. Portilho
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Juliano Nóbrega
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Beatriz O. de Almeida
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
| | - André R. Mota
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Carolina L. de Paula
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Fernando J. P. Listoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
| | - Sandra M. G. Bosco
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil (A.L.O.); (M.d.L.R.S.C.)
| | - Alana L. Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil (A.L.O.); (M.d.L.R.S.C.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes R. S. Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sector of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil (A.L.O.); (M.d.L.R.S.C.)
| | - Márcio G. Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (B.O.d.A.); (A.R.M.); (C.L.d.P.); (F.J.P.L.); (M.G.R.)
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Kogan LR, Packman W, Erdman P, Currin-McCulloch J, Bussolari C. US Adults' Perceptions of Dog Breed Bans, Dog Aggression and Breed-Specific Laws. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:10138. [PMID: 36011770 PMCID: PMC9408513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dog aggression directed towards people is a leading reason for relinquishment and a major public health hazard. In response to the threat of dog aggression and dog bites, breed-specific legislation has been introduced in numerous cities within the United States and countries throughout the world. There is limited evidence, however, to suggest that such laws are effective. This study explored, through an online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey, US residents' views about the bite risk of common dog breeds, breed-specific legislation, and alternative options for improved public safety. A total of 586 surveys were completed by adult US residents, 48.8% female and 48.6% male. Approximately half of the respondents reported feeling that dog bites are a serious public health issue. Although 70% of respondents were opposed to a breed ban, only 56% felt that banning specific breeds creates an animal welfare issue. Females were less likely to support a ban or agree that specific breed bans improve public safety. When participants were asked to indicate their support of several alternatives to breed-specific legislation, the most frequently endorsed options included public education about animal welfare and animal behavior, and stricter leash laws. Further research pertaining to the most effective public education dissemination methods is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R. Kogan
- Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Wendy Packman
- Department of Psychology, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Phyllis Erdman
- College of Education, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | | | - Cori Bussolari
- Counseling Psychology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
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Nadal D, Hampson K, Lembo T, Rodrigues R, Vanak AT, Cleaveland S. Where Rabies Is Not a Disease. Bridging Healthworlds to Improve Mutual Understanding and Prevention of Rabies. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:867266. [PMID: 35782552 PMCID: PMC9240625 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.867266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deeply embedded in local social, cultural, and religious settings, traditional healing is part of dog bite and rabies management in many rabies endemic countries. Faith healing, which usually encompasses a more holistic approach to health including physical, mental and social dimensions, is rare in the context of rabies. In Gujarat, Western India, the Hindu goddess Hadkai Mata is worshiped by low-caste communities as the Mother of Rabies in the event of a dog bite to a person or their livestock. This belief might influence people's attitudes and behaviors toward rabies prevention but has never been investigated. Through 31 in-depth interviews with healers and staff of Hadkai Mata temples, this paper explores the system of knowledge around dog and human rabies that is built and shared in these places of worship and healing. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed looking for convergences and divergences with the recently launched National Action Plan for dog-mediated Rabies Elimination. Results suggest that while the etiology of human rabies as a social illness is usually explained as the goddess's wish to correct misbehaving people and restore positive interpersonal relations, there is some appreciation for the biological processes of infection that lead to rabies as a physical disease. Hadkai Mata is believed to cure rabies if her patients undergo the necessary process of moral growth. Although conventional post-exposure prophylaxis is not opposed per se, it is often delayed by patients who seek traditional treatment first. Some reluctance was expressed toward mass dog vaccination because it is seen as an interference in how the goddess controls dogs, by enraging them-hence infecting them with rabies-and sending them to bite wrongdoers. Addressing these cultural perceptions is likely to be critical in achieving effective control of dog rabies in this region. The study highlights the value of multidisciplinary approaches in the control and elimination of rabies, as well as other zoonoses. This includes the importance of understanding different culturally- and religiously- mediated ways in which humans relate to animals; and looking for points of convergence and mutual understanding, upon which context-tailored, linguistically-accurate, locally acceptable, feasible and effective strategies can be designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Nadal
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Center for One Health Research, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Katie Hampson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tiziana Lembo
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Rodrigues
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and The Environment, Bangalore, India
| | - Abi Tamim Vanak
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and The Environment, Bangalore, India
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa
- DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance Program, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarah Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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11
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Fernández Vecilla D, Calvo Muro FE, Renzi F, Díaz de Tuesta Del Arco JL. [Sepsis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an immunocompetent patient]. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35:304-306. [PMID: 35468716 PMCID: PMC9134879 DOI: 10.37201/req/006.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Fernández Vecilla
- Domingo Fernández Vecilla, Basurto University Hospital. 18 Avenida Montevideo, 48013, Bilbao (Vizcaya). Spain.
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12
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Daigle L, Delesalle L, Ravel A, Ford B, Aenishaenslin C. Occurrence and Risk Factors of Dog Bites in Northern Indigenous Communities: A Scoping Review. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:777640. [PMID: 35518635 PMCID: PMC9064469 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.777640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between northern Indigenous people and dogs has evolved over the past years alongside events such as colonization, settlement, proliferation of snowmobiling and other socio-cultural and environmental changes. These changes have had negative impacts on this relationship, and with the endemic presence of arctic fox rabies, dog bites have become an important public health burden. The objective of this study was to synthesize the state of knowledge regarding the occurrence of dog bites and associated risk factors in the specific context of northern Indigenous communities. A scoping review was conducted in seven bibliographic databases, from June 2018 to May 2020. From this search, 257 original studies were identified and eight papers were included for final analysis. Annual occurrence of dog bites in northern Indigenous communities ranged from 0.61 to 59.6/10,000 inhabitants. Dog bites affected 27–62.9% of the population in those regions during their lifetime. Very few studies compared the occurrence of dog bites between people living in northern communities with other populations or settings, but available evidence suggests that Indigenous people living in northern communities are at higher risk of dog bites than the rest of the population. Several individual and environmental risk factors were identified in the selected studies, although the strength of evidence varied significantly. Age (children) and gender (male) were well documented individual risk factors. Other factors, such as organizational barriers to dog management and lack of access to veterinary services, were identified and discussed by several authors. The results of this study support concerns about the higher risk of bites in northern Indigenous communities, and underscore the urgent need for more research into the contextual and environmental factors that impact the mitigation of these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Daigle
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Léa Delesalle
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - André Ravel
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | | | - Cécile Aenishaenslin
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche en Épidémiologie des Zoonoses et Santé Publique (GREZOSP), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique de l'Université de Montréal et du CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Fernández-Vecilla D, Aspichueta-Vivanco C, Arco JLDDTD. Cellulitis due to Pasteurella stomatis and Actinomyces canis following dog bite. Rev Esp Quimioter 2022; 35:584-586. [PMID: 36243951 PMCID: PMC9728601 DOI: 10.37201/req/067.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Fernández-Vecilla
- Clinical Microbiology Service. Basurto University Hospital. OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao (Biscay). Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. Biscay. Spain.,Correspondence: Domingo Fernández Vecilla Clinical Microbiology Service. Basurto University Hospital. OSI Bilbao-Basurto. 18 Avenida Montevideo avenue, 48013, Bilbao (Biscay). Spain. E-mail:
| | - Cristina Aspichueta-Vivanco
- Clinical Microbiology Service. Basurto University Hospital. OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao (Biscay). Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. Biscay. Spain
| | - José Luis Díaz de Tuesta-del Arco
- Clinical Microbiology Service. Basurto University Hospital. OSI Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao (Biscay). Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute. Biscay. Spain
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14
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Owczarczak-Garstecka SC, Christley RM, Watkins F, Yang H, Westgarth C. " If You Don't See the Dog, What Can You Do?" Using Procedures to Negotiate the Risk of Dog Bites in Occupational Contexts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:7377. [PMID: 34299828 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Dog bites are a health risk in a number of workplaces such as the delivery, veterinary and dog rescue sectors. This study aimed to explore how workers negotiate the risk of dog bites in daily interactions with dogs and the role of procedures in workplace safety. Participants who encounter dogs at work were recruited using snowball sampling. Ethnographic methods (interviews, focus group discussions, participant-observations) were used for data collection. All data were coded qualitatively into themes. Six themes describing dog bite risk management were identified: ‘Surveillance of dogs’; ‘Communicating risk; ‘Actions taken to manage perceived risk’; ‘Reporting bites and near-misses’, ‘Investigating bites and near-misses’, and; ‘Learning and teaching safety’. While the procedures described dog bite risk as objective, when interacting with dogs, participants drew on experiential knowledge and subjective judgment of risk. There was a discrepancy between risks that the procedures aimed to guard against and the risk participants were experiencing in the course of work. This often led to disregarding procedures. Paradoxically, procedures generated risks to individual wellbeing and sometimes employment, by contributing to blaming employees for bites. Dog bite prevention could be improved by clarifying definitions of bites, involving at risk staff in procedure development, and avoiding blaming the victim for the incident.
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15
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Degeling C, Hall J, van Eeden LM, Finlay SM, Gurung SM, Brookes VJ. Representations of Free-Living and Unrestrained Dogs as an Emerging Public Health Issue in Australian Newspapers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:5807. [PMID: 34071420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
That dogs can live and breed as free-living animals contributes to public health risks including zoonotic transmission, dog bites, and compromising people’s sense of safety in public spaces. In Australia, free-living dog populations are comprised of domestic dogs, dingoes, and dog–dingo hybrids, and are described using various terms (for example, stray or community), depending on social or geographic context. Urban expansion and regional migration mean that risks associated with contact between humans and free-living dogs are increasing. Public health authorities, local governments, and community organisations have called for transdisciplinary partnerships to address dog-related health risks with a sustainable long-term approach. Values pluralism and a lack of sustained community engagement in affected areas have meant that the outcome of such efforts to date has been mixed. To identify ideas in public circulation about the impact of unrestrained and free-living dogs on human health and well-being, and understand the framework through which these animals are problematised and solutions are proposed in public discourse, we systematically examined coverage of these issues in print media. Our analyses indicate that reporting in Australian newspapers tends to frame the public health impacts of free-living dogs as problems of public order requiring direct government action to re-establish control. The public health impacts of free-living dog populations in Australia have complex causes that intersect at the nexus between human and canine behaviour, agricultural and land management practices, local bylaws, and efforts to conserve ecological systems. Placing responsibility on governments limits opportunities for greater community involvement in developing integrated One Health approaches. Better-quality evidence of the impacts of dog populations on community health and well-being, and broad community support are needed to reshape public debates on animal control, which, ultimately, will promote more effective approaches to mitigate dog-related public health risks at the human–animal–environment interface.
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Abstract
Infection by Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus), a Gram-negative rod found in the normal oral flora of canine and feline species and transmitted through bites or scratches, is a rare phenomenon. Infections most commonly occur in alcoholics and immunocompromised patients. In this report, we describe the case of a middle-aged male with a history of alcohol abuse who presented with septic shock and multisystem organ failure following a suspected dog bite. The patient was a 59-year-old Caucasian male with alcohol abuse disorder who initially presented with encephalopathy and lethargy. The patient had scratches and multiple healing wounds, with a mottled appearance on his extremities. According to his wife, the patient had been playing aggressively with his dog at home. On admission, he was febrile, tachycardic, and saturating in the 80s on ambient air. His extremities rapidly developed diffuse purpura and dry gangrene of all digits along with the tip of his nose and genitals. The patient developed septic shock and multisystem organ failure. Blood cultures initially grew Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative rods for which broad-spectrum antibiotics were initiated. Follow-up blood cultures were positive for C. canimorsus and the antibiotic regimen was adjusted accordingly. His condition continued to deteriorate. His family opted for comfort measures only and he died soon after. Common sequelae of C. canimorsus infection include septic shock with multisystem organ failure, disseminated purpuric lesions, hypotension, encephalopathy, and acute renal failure. As seen in our patient, C. canimorsus infection should be considered in such patients, particularly if there is a recent history of an animal bite. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle-Ashley Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Nicholas Abourizk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Kinjal P Gadhiya
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - Panupong Hansrivijit
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
| | - John D Goldman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Pinnacle, Harrisburg, USA
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17
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Barrios CL, Aguirre V, Parra A, Pavletic C, Bustos-López C, Perez S, Urrutia C, Ramirez J, Fatjó J. Systematic Review: Comparison of the Main Variables of Interest in Publications of Canine Bite Accidents in the Written Press, Gray and Scientific Literature in Chile and Spain, between the Years 2013 and 2017. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030893. [PMID: 33800962 PMCID: PMC8004056 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog bites are a major public health problem throughout the world. The different types of information sources that exist in relation to this issue are influencing decision making to control and prevent these incidents. For this reason, the present study aims to compare the main variables of interest in the publications of dog bite accidents in the written and grey press and scientific literature in Chile and Spain, between 2013 and 2017. The results showed that sensationalist variables in dog bite articles are reported more frequently in the press literature compared to the indexed and grey literature. Examples of these variables are involvement of potentially dangerous breeds, articles with death reports, among others. In conclusion, an improvement in the quality of the information that reaches the population about dog bites could be achieved through better and more fluid communication between scientists and journalists who publish on this topic. Abstract Dog bites are a major public health problem, with consequences such as physical injury, psychological trauma, transmission of zoonoses, infections, and economic costs. For this reason, it is necessary to develop preventive programs, which require quality information to support the authorities’ decision-making and to raise public awareness about the application of the proposed measures. The objective of this review was to analyze the press, indexed and gray dog bite literature published during the 2013–2017 period. During that period, 385 articles from three sources of information were analyzed: Press literature, scientific literature, and gray literature. Of these, the greatest amount of information corresponding to the context and the aggressor animal was found in the press literature, where it was recorded that the greatest number of records reported in the Chilean articles were caused by potentially dangerous breeds (87.50%), having significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.030), and in Spain, the greatest number of attacks was also made by potentially dangerous dogs 91.30% (21/23), statistically significant differences with the gray literature (p = 0.002) and with the indexed (p < 0.001). In the case of the scientific and gray literature, the greatest amount of information was found about the victim of the attack and the treatments applied to them. In these cases, the highest percentage of victims included in the reports contained both sexes for the two literatures (44.62% and 87.71%, respectively). Regarding the treatment applied, in the scientific literature in most of the reports, the patients received washings, rabies vaccine, and tetanus vaccine (46.26%) and presented significant differences in Chile with the information contained in the gray literature (p = 0.023), in Spain with the gray (p = 0.017) and with the press (p = 0.023). In conclusion, the press literature differs in multiple variables with the information reported in the scientific literature and, in some cases, with the gray literature. The reason why the material that is being distributed to the population would not coincide in multiple relevant variables in other literature and the representative reality of the problem is the basis for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luz Barrios
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Aguirre
- Departamento Disciplinario de Ciencias de la Documentación, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Viña del Mar 2360072, Chile;
| | - Alonso Parra
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Monjitas 565, Oficina 1008, Santiago 8320070, Chile; (A.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Pavletic
- Oficina de Zoonosis y Control de Vectores, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Monjitas 565, Oficina 1008, Santiago 8320070, Chile; (A.P.); (C.P.)
| | - Carlos Bustos-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago 8320000, Chile;
| | - Sandra Perez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Carla Urrutia
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Josefa Ramirez
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile; (S.P.); (C.U.); (J.R.)
| | - Jaume Fatjó
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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18
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Barrios CL, Bustos-López C, Pavletic C, Parra A, Vidal M, Bowen J, Fatjó J. Epidemiology of Dog Bite Incidents in Chile: Factors Related to the Patterns of Human-Dog Relationship. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E96. [PMID: 33419043 PMCID: PMC7825333 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dog bites are one of the main public health problems. They produce important consequences for those who suffer them (physical and psychological injuries, secondary infections, sequelae, risk of transmission of zoonoses and surgeries, among others). The objective of this study was to characterize epidemiologically the incidents of bites in Chile and the patterns of human-dog relationship involved. The records analyzed in this article were obtained from bitten patients who attended the main public health facilities in Chile during the period 17 September 2017 and 17 September 2018: In the period studied, 17,299 animal bites were recorded; however, only 7220 (41.74%) cases were analyzed in which the offending species could be identified. Of the bites analyzed, 6533 were caused by dogs (90.48%). Of these, 41.05% were caused by medium-sized dogs. Most bites were caused by dogs of mixed breeds (55.99%), followed by dogs of the German Shepherd breed (8.50%). Most of the dogs that bit were known to the victim (99.95%) and most of the attacks occurred indoors (57.48%). Although dog bite records have improved in Chile, it would be useful to also include background information on the context in which the incident occurred, which would be very useful for developing effective bite prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Luz Barrios
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana 8580745, Chile;
| | - Carlos Bustos-López
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile, Av. Ejército Libertador 146, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320000, Chile;
| | - Carlos Pavletic
- Departamento de Zoonosis y Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, Enrique Mac Iver 541, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320064, Chile; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Alonso Parra
- Departamento de Zoonosis y Vectores, Ministerio de Salud, Enrique Mac Iver 541, Santiago, Región Metropolitana 8320064, Chile; (C.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Macarena Vidal
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba, Región Metropolitana 8580745, Chile;
| | - Jonathan Bowen
- Queen Mother Hospital for Small Animals, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK;
| | - Jaume Fatjó
- Cátedra Fundación Affinity Animales y Salud, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Parque de Investigación Biomédica de Barcelona, C/Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
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Bathula SS, Mahoney R, Kerns A, Minutello K, Stern N. Combined Pharyngeal Laceration and Laryngeal Fracture Secondary to Dog Bite: A Case Report. Cureus 2020; 12:e10828. [PMID: 33047075 PMCID: PMC7540412 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog bites are the most common animal bites, typically occurring in the head and neck region or extremities. The majority of dog bite-related injuries are superficial and require minimal medical intervention. Less commonly, dog bite injuries can be very serious when involving the airway, major blood vessels, or extensive tissue loss. To this day, there are very few case reports in the medical literature that describe severe dog bites and outline their management. We present a case of successfully treating an extensive pharyngeal laceration with a laryngeal cartilage fracture produced by an unvaccinated dog bite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samba Siva Bathula
- Otolaryngology, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Rebacca Mahoney
- Otolaryngology, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Aileen Kerns
- Otolaryngology, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Katrina Minutello
- Otolaryngology, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Noah Stern
- Otolaryngology, Detroit Medical Center, Michigan State University, Detroit, USA
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20
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Notari L, Cannas S, Di Sotto YA, Palestrini C. A Retrospective Analysis of Dog-Dog and Dog-Human Cases of Aggression in Northern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1662. [PMID: 32947800 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The prevention of dog bites is an important issue with multiple safety and welfare aspects. We investigated the characteristics of dog bite incidents reported to public authorities in the North of Italy with the aim of providing more data for future risk assessment and prevention tools. We found that no breeds in particular were responsible for severe or multiple bites towards either humans or dogs, but there was a trend of defensive bites towards human beings in private homes and a trend of offensive bites towards other dogs in public areas. We also found that crossbreed dogs and dogs adopted from shelters were significantly more likely to show defensive aggression towards their owners. Our findings indicate that defensive aggression towards owners is linked to fear and anxiety, and we suggest that helping owners to have a better understanding of their dogs’ welfare, behaviour and communication via educational programs is an important prevention tool. Abstract In this survey, a caseload of aggressive dogs (n = 170) was analysed to increase the available information about biting dog characteristics, contribute to risk evaluation and improve bite prevention tools. All dog data were collected from questionnaires completed by veterinary behaviourists in Northern Italy. All dogs were referred to them by public authorities to be evaluated and treated due to the incidence of one or more episodes of aggression. Between the two groups of human-directed and dog-directed aggressive dogs, significant associations were found: the dog-directed aggressive group inflicted significantly more severe bites (p < 0.01) and offensive aggression (p < 0.01), whereas defensive aggression was significantly more numerous in the human-directed aggression group (p < 0.01) and more significantly located in private homes (p < 0.01). No significant associations were found between the severity of bites and one or more specific breeds in either group. The prevalence of defensive bites in private homes in human-directed aggression indicate that owners’ understanding of their dogs’ behaviour and communication is fundamental to preventing aggression, and that owner education programmes are fundamental tools to reduce aggression risk factors and prevent aggression.
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21
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Weyer J, le Roux CA, Kajese C, Fernandes L. A dog bite study in a dog rabies-affected area in South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis 2020; 35:65. [PMID: 34485465 PMCID: PMC8378195 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v35i1.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rabies is an untreatable and highly fatal viral zoonosis. Despite the ability to control and prevent the disease, it is estimated that one person dies of rabies every 10 minutes in developing countries. However, the true burden of the disease remains undefined in most developing countries because of a lack of systematic surveillance. Dog bite data obtained from healthcare facilities where dog bite victims seek medical care may provide an additional source of information that can be used to inform the burden of disease and identify points for interventions for improved delivery of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) to prevent the disease. Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted using data obtained from dog bite registers and patient case files at a healthcare facility for a two year period (2015-2017). Results The study reported frequency, demographics, source, geographic and temporal distribution of bite cases reported to a hospital serving a rabies-affected community. In addition, the post-exposure management of dog bite cases at this facility is described. Conclusion Dog bites was not an infrequently reported at the healthcare facility, with up to 29 cases reported in a month during the study period. The affected population was defined and it is motivated that this information is useful for targeted health interventions. Findings related to the delivery of PEP may also be used to direct training and re-training of healthcare workers for improved delivery of PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Weyer
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa.,School of Health Care Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa
| | - Chantel A le Roux
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Charles Kajese
- Surveillance Information Management Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham, South Africa
| | - Lucy Fernandes
- School of Health Care Sciences, Department of Public Health, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Medunsa, South Africa
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Julien DA, Sargeant JM, Filejski C, Harper SL. Ouch! A cross-sectional study investigating self-reported human exposure to dog bites in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Zoonoses Public Health 2020; 67:554-565. [PMID: 32421250 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated self-reported dog bites in humans in rural and urban households in southern Ontario, Canada. Our objectives were to determine, and compare, the incidence of dog bites in rural and urban households, and to describe the profile of bite victims, biting dogs, and the proportion of biting dogs that respondents self-reported as being not up to date on rabies vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional observational study using an online questionnaire. The 2,006 respondents, each representing one household, included 1,002 rural and 1,004 urban residences. The incidence risk of at least one person in the household being bitten over the previous year in rural households (6.09% per year) was less than in urban households (10.76% per year). In 53.20% of households from which at least one person had been bitten within the past year, only a single person had been bitten. Mostly, victims were 25 to 34 years old (21.67%), male (54.19%), and playing with or interacting with the biting dog at the time of the incident (59.11%). Most biting dogs were 3 to 5 years old (32.02%), males (53.69%), and unleashed (76.85%). Based on self-reporting by respondents, 83.33% of respondent-owned biting dogs were vaccinated against rabies at the time of the biting incident. Irrespective of dog ownership, the odds of an individual in a rural household being bitten by a dog were 0.53 (95% CI: 0.38-0.73) the odds for an individual in an urban household. Dog bites constitute a serious, yet preventable, public health concern that requires targeted, community-specific efforts. Public health organizations could consider findings in developing messaging, particularly as we highlight biting dogs reported by their owners as not up to date on rabies vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Julien
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jan M Sargeant
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine Filejski
- Office of Chief Medical Officer of Health, Ontario Ministry of Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Canadian Animal Health Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sherilee L Harper
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Centre for Public Health and Zoonoses, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Reese LA, Vertalka JJ. Preventing Dog Bites: It Is Not Only about the Dog. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E666. [PMID: 32290463 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog bites can have an array of negative health impacts on human victims. Research on the correlates of bites focused on limited sets of variables and produced conflicting findings. Data were drawn from police department reports of dog bites in the city of Detroit between 2007–2015. This project expands knowledge about the correlates of dog bites by exploring a comprehensive set of variables related to the breed type of dog, the nature of its surroundings, and the circumstances surrounding the bite. The greatest risk of bites does not come from wandering feral dogs, nor is it primarily related to the nature of the victim. Based on multiple regression, the victim was most likely bitten in their own yard by a single neighborhood dog that escaped from its home or yard. Human error often contributes to bites. Abstract Background: Dog bites can have an array of negative health impacts on victims. Research focusing on the correlates of bites focused on limited sets of variables and produced conflicting findings. Objective: To expand knowledge about the correlates of dog bites by exploring a comprehensive set of variables related to the nature of the dog and the circumstances surrounding the bite not commonly explored in extant research. Methods: Data were drawn from police department reports of dog bites in the city of Detroit between 2007–2015; 478 dog bites were reported. Multiple regression was used to determine the significant correlates of dog bites, focusing on the nature of the dog and the circumstances surrounding the bite. Results: Bites were caused by a neighborhood dog. Thirty-two percent of the reports involved dogs running loose; 25% dogs that had escaped from a fenced or unfenced yard; 9% escaped from their home; and 8% had broken off a chain, were being walked, or were in their own home. Based on multiple regression, the victim was most likely bitten in their own yard by a single neighborhood dog that escaped from its home or yard. Breed of dog was not correlated with bites in multiple regression. Conclusions: The greatest risk of bites does not come from wandering feral dogs. Based on multiple regression, the victim was most likely bitten in their own yard by a single neighborhood dog that escaped from its home or yard. Human error often contributes to bites.
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Abstract
Background Dog-bite wounds are a common emergency department (ED) presentation, accounting for approximately 5% of traumatic wounds in the US. However, only 20-50% of patients actually present to the ED for medical attention following a dog-bite wound. Methods This was a transverse, retrospective audit of medical records of patients that had presented to the Tembisa Provincial Academic Hospital ED with dog-bite wounds during the 2014 calendar year. Results Of the 269 patients that were included in the study, 148 (55%) were male. The median age of all study patients was 27 years (range: 3-77 years). Most patients presented between 18h00-24h00 (n = 111, 41.3%). Most wounds were sustained on the lower limbs (n = 80, 68.18%), followed by the upper limbs (n = 74, 28.03%). Patients who were ≤12 years of age had a higher prevalence of buttock/perineum (p = 0.0002) and head/face/neck (p = 0.009) wounds, whereas patients who were >12 years of age had a higher prevalence of lower limb wounds (p = 0.0006). Only 15 (5.6%) wounds were sutured, and antibiotics were prescribed to 120 (45.1%) patients. Tetanus toxoid vaccine (TTV) and the first dose of the rabies vaccine (RV) were administered to 152 (57.4%) and 240 (89.1%) patients, respectively. Conclusion Children are more likely to present with wounds to the head/face/neck or buttock/perineum regions, while adults are more likely to present with wounds to the lower limbs. Proper strategies should be implemented to ensure that clinicians adhere to the current antibiotics protocols as well as rabies and tetanus post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)-prescribing guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mzamo Nkomo
- Emergency Medicine, Tambo Memorial Hospital, Johannesburg, ZAF
| | - Zeyn Mahomed
- Emergency Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZAF
| | - Abdullah E Laher
- Emergency Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZAF
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Krzowska-Firych J, Mazurek E, Hasiec B, Tomasiewicz K. The first report evaluating the post-exposure rabies prophylaxis in children exposed to animals in the Lublin Province (Eastern Poland) in 2010-2016 - a retrospective study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2660-2665. [PMID: 29771638 PMCID: PMC6314426 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1477910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rabies continues to be one of the most important viral diseases and remains a significant threat to public health across the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has determined that most rabies cases occur in children. Dog bites on humans are a major public-health problem. Poland has not achieved rabies free status yet. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in humans can effectively prevent death after exposure to a potentially infected animal. THE AIM The main objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of PEP among children exposed to animals, who had attended consultations at the Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Boży Hospital in Lublin. PATIENTS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records from the period of 2010-2016 of all pediatric patients (0-17 years of age) who had been exposed to animals and attended consultations at the Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Boży Hospital in Lublin. RESULTS During the studied period, 519 children who had been exposed to animals attended consultations, and a prophylactic procedure consisting of active immunization was applied to 32.8%. The male children accounted for 55.3%. The mean age was 9.2 years. The biggest group of children (406) had been exposed to dogs, 62 children to cats, and 15 to rats. Most children had upper-limbs injuries. During the studied period, i.e. 2010-2016, there were 1713 confirmed cases of rabid animals in Poland, and 60 cases were recorded in the Lublin Province. We did not observe any cases of rabies in our exposed and vaccinated patients. CONCLUSIONS The number of rabid animals in the Lublin Province had decreased to low levels, but the expected decrease in the number of PEP's administered did not occur. Since all children were vaccinated in accordance with the recommendations, the possible reason for vaccination's being administered in the quantities greater than the number of rabid animals recorded in the Lublin Province are bites by animals unavailable for veterinary observations and also the lack of more frequent reports regarding the current epizootic situation of rabies. The use of rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) in children in the Lublin Province is at a very low level, i.e. at 0.58%. The yearly numbers of exposed pediatric patients were at similar levels, which indicates that education programs should be introduce to reduce the number of animal bites in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewelina Mazurek
- Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Bozy Hospital in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Hasiec
- Department of Infectious Diseases for Children in the Jan Bozy Hospital in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Beetz A, Hart LA, Jegatheesan BI, Koda N. Editorial: Children and Companion Animals: Psychosocial, Medical and Neurobiological Implications. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:112. [PMID: 29915787 PMCID: PMC5994668 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Beetz
- Department of Special Education, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Lynette Arnason Hart
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Naoko Koda
- School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Rajshekar M, Blizzard L, Julian R, Williams AM, Tennant M, Forrest A, Walsh LJ, Wilson G. The incidence of public sector hospitalisations due to dog bites in Australia 2001-2013. Aust N Z J Public Health 2017; 41:377-380. [PMID: 28712151 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence of dog bite-related injuries requiring public sector hospitalisation in Australia during the period 2001-13. METHODS Summary data on public sector hospitalisations due to dog bite-related injuries with an ICD 10-AM W54.0 coding were sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare for the study period 2001-2013. RESULTS In Australia, on average, 2,061 persons were hospitalised each year for treatment for dog bite injuries at an annual rate of 12.39 (95%CI 12.25-12.53) per 100,000 during 2001-13. The highest annual rates of 25.95 (95%CI 25.16-26.72) and 18.42 (95%CI 17.75-19.07) per 100,000 were for age groups 0-4 and 5-9 years respectively. Rates of recorded events increased over the study period and reached 16.15 (95%CI 15.78-16.52) per 100,000 during 2011-13. CONCLUSION Dog bites are a largely unrecognised and growing public health problem in Australia. Implications for public health: There is an increasing public sector burden of hospitalisations for injuries from dog bites in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Rajshekar
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania.,Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies, University of Tasmania
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania
| | - Roberta Julian
- Tasmanian Institute of Law Enforcement Studies, University of Tasmania
| | | | - Marc Tennant
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia
| | - Alex Forrest
- School of Natural Sciences Griffith University, Queensland
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Li Y, Shen R, Ding R, Wen G, Du A, Dong Z, Ren X, Yao H, Zhu B, Li R, Lu Y, Wu X. A fatal case of hypothermia caused by dog bites. Med Sci Law 2017; 57:130-133. [PMID: 28587535 DOI: 10.1177/0025802417712882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Death from hypothermia usually *We presented a fatal case of hypothermia after being bitten by dog in this article. occurs among people exposed to cold and humid environmental conditions when they are homeless, aged, suffering from natural or psychiatric diseases and drug or alcohol intoxication. A normal healthy person dying from hypothermia due to dog bites is unusual and rare. Here, we present a fatal case of hypothermia following dog bites causing blood loss and multiple wounds on the body. A 56-year-old man was found dead in a remote roadside puddle of a small village, early in the morning. He was naked, and his body trunk and limbs had multiple irregular wounds. Gray animal hairs could be seen in parts of the wound cavities and surrounding areas. In addition, there was a kennel near the scene. Family members argued that the deceased was bitten to death by a dog. However, autopsy revealed several findings which were strongly supportive of fatal hypothermia. Moreover, we saw no obvious changes caused by blood loss, either on the body surface or internal organs. Accordingly, we concluded the true cause of his death was fatal hypothermia; bites from a dog was a necessary causative factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Li
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ruipeng Shen
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- 2 Wujiang District Branch of Suzhou Public Security Bureau, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Runtao Ding
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Gehua Wen
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ao Du
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhibin Dong
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Hui Yao
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Rubo Li
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- 3 Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- 1 Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
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Garibotti G, Zacharías D, Flores V, Catriman S, Falconaro A, Kabaradjian S, Luque ML, Macedo B, Molina J, Rauque C, Soto M, Vázquez G, Vega R, Viozzi G. [Responsible ownership of dogs and human health in neighborhoods of San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina]. Medicina (B Aires) 2017; 77:309-313. [PMID: 28825575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human relationship with dogs associates with numerous and varied benefits on human health; however, it also presents significant risks. The goal of this study was to describe demographic parameters and characteristics of dog ownership with possible implications on human health and to evaluate the prevalence of dog bites and traffic accidents due to dogs. Interviews were conducted in the neighborhoods of Nuestras Malvinas and Nahuel Hue in San Carlos de Bariloche. The percentage of homes with at least one dog, the average number of dogs per home, the prevalence of dog bites and traffic accidents due to dogs and the general awareness of the population on dog transmitted zoonoses were estimated. Regarding ownership characteristics, the degree of sterilization, vaccination and parasite control and the percentage of dogs allowed to roam freely in public places were evaluated. A total of 141 interviews were conducted; 87% of the households had at least one dog, with an average of 2.2 dogs. In 26% of the households someone had suffered a traffic accident caused by dogs and in 41% someone had been bitten. Antiparasite treatment was administered to 83% of the dogs in the last 12 months, on average 1.4 times (recommended 6 times), 51% were sterilized, 55% were allowed to roam freely. This study shows a disturbing situation regarding the canine population of the evaluated neighborhoods. The number of dogs allowed to roam freely and the low level of parasite control and sterilization provide suitable conditions for the spread of zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Garibotti
- Departamento de Estadística, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina. E-mail:
| | - Daniela Zacharías
- Departamento de Estadística, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Verónica Flores
- Departamento Zoología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Catriman
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Antonella Falconaro
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Surpik Kabaradjian
- Unidad Regional de Epidemiología y Salud Ambiental Sede Andina, Ministerio de Salud de Río Negro, Argentina
| | - María L Luque
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Macedo
- Departamento de Enfermería, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Juliana Molina
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Carlos Rauque
- Departamento de Explotación de Recursos Acuáticos, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Matías Soto
- Licenciatura en Ciencias Biológicas, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Vázquez
- Hospital Zonal Bariloche, Ministerio de Salud de Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Rocío Vega
- Departamento Zoología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Viozzi
- Departamento Zoología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Argentina
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Lyu C, Jewell MP, Piron J, Ehnert K, Beeler E, Swanson A, Smith LV, Kuo T. Burden of Bites by Dogs and Other Animals in Los Angeles County, California, 2009-2011. Public Health Rep 2016; 131:800-808. [PMID: 28123226 DOI: 10.1177/0033354916675148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to analyze all animal-to-human bite reports during a 3-year period from a regional surveillance database. Results helped to inform local efforts to reduce and prevent animal-to-human bites. METHODS We reviewed all cases of animal-to-human bites occurring from 2009 through 2011 that were reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health's Animal Bites Database. We collected data on the bite victim's date of birth, age, and address; bite circumstances (ie, date, time, location, how bite occurred); anatomic site and treatment of bite; type of reporting facility; and breed and management of biting animal. RESULTS From 2009 through 2011, 26 169 animal-to-human bites were reported, of which 23 103 (88%) were dog bites. Most animal-to-human bites (n = 7673, 29%) occurred between 4 pm and 8 pm and peaked during the month of July (n = 2663, 10%). Most animal-to-human bites occurred outdoors (n = 8772, 34%) and while victims engaged in recreational activities (n = 4353, 17%). The hands were the most common injury site (n = 9130, 35%), and only 1% of animal bites (n = 267) resulted in hospitalization. A total of 4115 bite victims (16%) received tetanus vaccinations. Of all animal-to-human bite cases, medical organizations reported 13 451 (51%), and animal control agencies reported 10 682 (41%). CONCLUSIONS Animal-to-human bites can often lead to medical complications. Surveillance is essential in helping to identify, manage, and reduce these highly preventable injuries and direct public health actions and policies on animal bite risk and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mirna Ponce Jewell
- Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Piron
- Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Ehnert
- Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily Beeler
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Swanson
- Veterinary Public Health and Rabies Control, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lisa V Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tony Kuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Chronic Disease and Injury Prevention, Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Family Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Ghosh S, Chowdhury S, Haider N, Bhowmik RK, Rana MS, Prue Marma AS, Hossain MB, Debnath NC, Ahmed B. Awareness of rabies and response to dog bites in a Bangladesh community. Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:161-169. [PMID: 29067191 PMCID: PMC5645866 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Community awareness regarding rabies and treatment seeking behaviours are critical both for the prevention and control of the disease in human and animals. We conducted a study to explore people's awareness about rabies, their attitudes towards dogs and practices associated with treating dog bites in Satkhira Sadar, a south-western sub-district of Bangladesh. Of the total 3200 households (HHs) surveyed, the majority of the respondents have heard about rabies (73%) and there was a high level of awareness that dog bite is the main cause of rabies (86%), and that rabies can be prevented by vaccination (85%). However, 59% of the dog bite victims first seek treatment from traditional healers instead of visiting the hospitals, 29% received the rabies vaccine, 2% practiced proper wound washing with soap and water, while 4.8% have not taken any measures. None of the victims have received rabies immunoglobulin (RIG). Of the respondents, 5.2% reported a history of dog bite in at least one family member, and 11.8% reported a history of dog bite in domestic animals during the previous year. The HHs having a higher number of family members (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07-1.2), having a pet dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.2) and caring or feeding a community dog (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-2.9) showed an increased risk of getting a dog bite. Among the bite victims, 3.6% (n = 6) humans and 15.8% (n = 60) animals died. As a measure for dog population management (DPM), 56% preferred sterilization while the rest preferred killing of dogs. The current treatment seeking behaviours of the respondents should be improved through additional education and awareness programme and better availability for the provision of post-exposure prophylaxis in Bangladesh. We recommend scaling up national mass dog vaccination and DPM to reduce the burden of rabies cases and dog bites in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Ghosh
- Communicable Disease ControlDirectorate General of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and Family WelfareBangladesh
| | - Sukanta Chowdhury
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChittagongBangladesh
| | - Najmul Haider
- Technical University of DenmarkSection for EpidemiologyNational Veterinary InstitutesCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rajub K. Bhowmik
- The Hostos Community College of the City University of New York500 Grand ConcourseBronxNew York 10451USA
| | - Md. S. Rana
- Communicable Disease ControlDirectorate General of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and Family WelfareBangladesh
| | - Aung S. Prue Marma
- Communicable Disease ControlDirectorate General of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and Family WelfareBangladesh
| | | | - Nitish C. Debnath
- Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChittagongBangladesh
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsDhakaBangladesh
| | - Be‐Nazir Ahmed
- Communicable Disease ControlDirectorate General of Health ServicesMinistry of Health and Family WelfareBangladesh
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Alabi O, Nguku P, Chukwukere S, Gaddo A, Nsubuga P, Umoh J. Profile of dog bite victims in Jos Plateau State, Nigeria: a review of dog bite records (2006-2008). Pan Afr Med J 2014; 18 Suppl 1:12. [PMID: 25328631 PMCID: PMC4199353 DOI: 10.11694/pamj.supp.2014.18.1.4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dogs are the major reservoir of rabies virus in Nigeria; transmission to humans is via a bite by rabid dog. Between 2006 and 2008 National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) rabies laboratory reported increased numbers of rabies in dogs and human dog bites. The objective of the study was to use veterinary and health records to develop a profile of bite victims and recommend appropriate public health actions. Methods We used the dog brain specimen result register of Rabies Laboratory of NVRI, from “January, 2006” to “December, 2008” and traced dog bite cases. Structured questionnaires were administered to persons who reported dog bite incident and could be traced. We reviewed records from Evangelical Churches of West Africa (ECWA) clinic from “January, 2006” to “December, 2008” to collect detailed profiles of bite victims. Results Bite victims linked to positive dog samples were traced to “ECWA clinic” from “January, 2006” to “December, 2008”. Most bite victims were <16 years 141 (72.3%), male 128 (65.6%), and 48.2% had primary school education. Bites were unprovoked 184 (94.4%), mostly on arms. 54.4% victims received complete post exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Majority of the biting dogs were housed and unvaccinated. Conclusion This study provided important information on the profile of dog bite victims and highlights the need for a sustained awareness and education of children on the dangers of dog bite. It has shown lack of enforcement of regulations for licensing of dogs and rabies vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaniran Alabi
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nigeria
| | - Patrick Nguku
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program, Nigeria
| | | | - Ayika Gaddo
- Evangelical Churches of West Africa Clinic, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Peter Nsubuga
- Global Public Health Solutions, Decatur, Georgia, USA
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Putra AAG, Hampson K, Girardi J, Hiby E, Knobel D, Mardiana IW, Townsend S, Scott-Orr H. Response to a rabies epidemic, Bali, Indonesia, 2008-2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:648-51. [PMID: 23632033 PMCID: PMC3647408 DOI: 10.3201/eid1904.120380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency vaccinations and culling failed to contain an outbreak of rabies in Bali, Indonesia, during 2008-2009. Subsequent island-wide mass vaccination (reaching 70% coverage, >200,000 dogs) led to substantial declines in rabies incidence and spread. However, the incidence of dog bites remains high, and repeat campaigns are necessary to eliminate rabies in Bali.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study focuses on parental report of exposure to dogs and highlights the potential for using a computer kiosk in an urban pediatric emergency department to increase knowledge around dog bite safety. METHODS Nine hundred one parents of young children completed a kiosk assessment and received a report that contained information aimed at increasing knowledge about either dog bite prevention (PAR-DB, n = 453) or other safety behaviors (PAR-S, n = 448). The participants who received the dog bite prevention report (PAR-DB) were asked questions about exposure to dogs as part of the baseline assessment. All participants were telephoned 2 to 4 weeks later for a follow-up interview to measure knowledge differences. RESULTS The majority of respondents who answered the exposure questions reported seeing stray dogs (53%) and having dangerous dogs (43%) in their neighborhood. Few respondents reported that their child had been bitten by a dog (1%), but the majority (56%) reported having knowledge of another child having been bitten. Few respondents reported having a dog in their home (11%), and only 1 reported that her dog had bitten a child. A majority (56%) of dogs had not been spayed or neutered. Of families with dogs in the home, 20% reported leaving their child unattended with the dog. A minority (45%) of dogs left alone with children had been spayed or neutered. CONCLUSIONS PAR-DB parents achieved knowledge gains as a result of the Parent Action Report generated by the kiosk, demonstrating the potential to improve knowledge via a computer kiosk in a busy pediatric emergency department.
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Davis AL, Schwebel DC, Morrongiello BA, Stewart J, Bell M. Dog bite risk: an assessment of child temperament and child-dog interactions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012; 9:3002-13. [PMID: 23066411 PMCID: PMC3447601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Annually approximately 400,000 American children receive treatment for dog bites. Young children are at greatest risk and are frequently bitten following behavior that provokes familiar dogs. This study investigated the effects of child temperament on children’s interaction with dogs. Eighty-eight children aged 3.5–6 years interacted with a live dog. Dog and child behaviors were assessed through observational coding. Four child temperament constructs—impulsivity, inhibitory control, approach and shyness—were assessed via the parent-report Children’s Behavioral Questionnaire. Less shy children took greater risks with the dog, even after controlling for child and dog characteristics. No other temperament traits were associated with risk-taking with the dog. Based on these results, children’s behavior with unfamiliar dogs may parallel behavior with other novel or uncertain situations. Implications for dog bite intervention programs include targeting at-risk children and merging child- and parent-oriented interventions with existing programs geared toward the physical environment and the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L. Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-205-934-4068; Fax: +1-205-975-6110
| | - David C. Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Barbara A. Morrongiello
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.A.M.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Julia Stewart
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.A.M.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Melissa Bell
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (B.A.M.); (J.S.); (M.B.)
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Ordog GJ. Cephradine in the prophylactic treatment of dog bites. Can Fam Physician 1986; 32:743-749. [PMID: 21267126 PMCID: PMC2327620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Four hundred and twenty patients with one or more open dog bite wounds were studied. Cephradine or no antibiotic was used for treatment. The wounds were debrided, irrigated, and dressed; 3.6% required suturing. Six patients treated prophylactically with cephradine developed wound infections and three of these had to be hospitalized in order to receive parenteral antibiotics. Five of the wounds grew Enterobacter species, and the sixth grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the control group, only two patients developed infections, one with Staphylococcus aureus, and the other with Bacillus subtilis. Both were treated as outpatients with oral antibiotics after wound treatment. Although there is no statistically significant difference between the prophylactic and control groups, there was a trend toward more serious infections in those treated with cephradine. This investigation demonstrates that prophylactic cephradine is not useful in cases of uninfected dog bite wounds.
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