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Rupenthal ID, Agarwal P. Progress in Ocular Drug Delivery: Challenges and Constraints. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024; 284:267-288. [PMID: 37620616 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The eye has several dynamic and static barriers in place to limit the entry of foreign substances including therapeutics. As such, efficient drug delivery, especially to posterior segment tissues, has been challenging. This chapter describes the anatomical and physiological challenges associated with ocular drug delivery before discussing constraints with regard to formulation parameters. Finally, it gives an overview of advanced drug delivery technologies with a specific focus on recently marketed and late-stage clinical trial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Priyanka Agarwal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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2
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Magill E, Demartis S, Gavini E, Permana AD, Thakur RRS, Adrianto MF, Waite D, Glover K, Picco CJ, Korelidou A, Detamornrat U, Vora LK, Li L, Anjani QK, Donnelly RF, Domínguez-Robles J, Larrañeta E. Solid implantable devices for sustained drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114950. [PMID: 37295560 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) are an attractive alternative to conventional drug administration routes. Oral and injectable drug administration are the most common routes for drug delivery providing peaks of drug concentrations in blood after administration followed by concentration decay after a few hours. Therefore, constant drug administration is required to keep drug levels within the therapeutic window of the drug. Moreover, oral drug delivery presents alternative challenges due to drug degradation within the gastrointestinal tract or first pass metabolism. IDDS can be used to provide sustained drug delivery for prolonged periods of time. The use of this type of systems is especially interesting for the treatment of chronic conditions where patient adherence to conventional treatments can be challenging. These systems are normally used for systemic drug delivery. However, IDDS can be used for localised administration to maximise the amount of drug delivered within the active site while reducing systemic exposure. This review will cover current applications of IDDS focusing on the materials used to prepare this type of systems and the main therapeutic areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Magill
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Sara Demartis
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100, Italy
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Raghu Raj Singh Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Muhammad Faris Adrianto
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java 60115, Indonesia
| | - David Waite
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Re-Vana Therapeutics, McClay Research Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Katie Glover
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Anna Korelidou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Usanee Detamornrat
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Linlin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Megarezky, Jl. Antang Raya No. 43, Makassar 90234, Indonesia
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97, Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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3
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Wu KY, Joly-Chevrier M, Akbar D, Tran SD. Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1094. [PMID: 37111579 PMCID: PMC10142934 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Posterior segment eye diseases present a challenge in treatment due to the complex structures in the eye that serve as robust static and dynamic barriers, limiting the penetration, residence time, and bioavailability of topical and intraocular medications. This hinders effective treatment and requires frequent dosing, such as the regular use of eye drops or visits to the ophthalmologist for intravitreal injections, to manage the disease. Moreover, the drugs must be biodegradable to minimize toxicity and adverse reactions, as well as small enough to not affect the visual axis. The development of biodegradable nano-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) can be the solution to these challenges. First, they can stay in ocular tissues for longer periods of time, reducing the frequency of drug administration. Second, they can pass through ocular barriers, offering higher bioavailability to targeted tissues that are otherwise inaccessible. Third, they can be made up of polymers that are biodegradable and nanosized. Hence, therapeutic innovations in biodegradable nanosized DDS have been widely explored for ophthalmic drug delivery applications. In this review, we will present a concise overview of DDSs utilized in the treatment of ocular diseases. We will then examine the current therapeutic challenges faced in the management of posterior segment diseases and explore how various types of biodegradable nanocarriers can enhance our therapeutic arsenal. A literature review of the pre-clinical and clinical studies published between 2017 and 2023 was conducted. Through the advances in biodegradable materials, combined with a better understanding of ocular pharmacology, the nano-based DDSs have rapidly evolved, showing great promise to overcome challenges currently encountered by clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada;
| | | | - Dania Akbar
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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4
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Ahmed S, Amin MM, Sayed S. Ocular Drug Delivery: a Comprehensive Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:66. [PMID: 36788150 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The human eye is a sophisticated organ with distinctive anatomy and physiology that hinders the passage of drugs into targeted ophthalmic sites. Effective topical administration is an interest of scientists for many decades. Their difficult mission is to prolong drug residence time and guarantee an appropriate ocular permeation. Several ocular obstacles oppose effective drug delivery such as precorneal, corneal, and blood-corneal barriers. Routes for ocular delivery include topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral, and retrobulbar. More than 95% of marketed products exists in liquid state. However, other products could be in semi-solid (ointments and gels), solid state (powder, insert and lens), or mixed (in situ gel). Nowadays, attractiveness to nanotechnology-based carries is resulted from their capabilities to entrap both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, enhance ocular permeability, sustain residence time, improve drug stability, and augment bioavailability. Different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo characterization approaches help to predict the outcomes of the constructed nanocarriers. This review aims to clarify anatomy of the eye, various ocular diseases, and obstacles to ocular delivery. Moreover, it studies the advantages and drawbacks of different ocular routes of administration and dosage forms. This review also discusses different nanostructured platforms and their characterization approaches. Strategies to enhance ocular bioavailability are also explained. Finally, recent advances in ocular delivery are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadek Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Maha M Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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5
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Cong YY, Fan B, Zhang ZY, Li GY. Implantable sustained-release drug delivery systems: a revolution for ocular therapeutics. Int Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s10792-023-02637-x. [PMID: 36715956 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Due to the inimitable anatomical structure of the eyeball and various physiological barriers, conventional ocular local administration is often complicated by apparent shortcomings, such as limited bioavailability and short drug retention. Thus, developing methods for sustainable, safe and efficient drug delivery to ocular target sites has long been an urgent need. This study briefly summarizes the barriers to ocular drug administration and various ocular drug delivery routes and highlights recent progress in ocular implantable sustained-release drug delivery systems (DDSs) to provide literature evidence for developing novel ocular implants for sustained drug delivery. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search of studies on ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs in PubMed and Web of Science using the following keywords: ocular, implantable and drug delivery system. More than 400 papers were extracted. Publications focused on sustained and controlled drug release were primarily considered. Experimental articles involving DDSs that cannot be implanted into the eye through surgeries and cannot be inserted into ocular tissues in solid form were excluded. Approximately 143 publications were reviewed to summarize the most current information on the subject. RESULTS In recent years, numerous ocular sustained-release DDSs using lipids, nanoparticles and hydrogels as carriers have emerged. With unique properties and systematic design, ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs are able to continuously maintain drug release, effectively sustain the therapeutic concentration in target tissues, and substantially enhance the therapeutic efficacy. Nevertheless, few ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs have been available in clinical use. CONCLUSIONS Ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs have become a new focus in the field of ocular drug development through unique designs and improvements in the materials of drug carriers, administration methods and dosage forms. With more ocular implantable sustained-release DDSs being commercialized, ocular therapeutics may be revolutionized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Cong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Bin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
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Mandal M, Banerjee I, Mandal M. Nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy as a novel strategy for the treatment of retinoblastoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112899. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ocular Drug Delivery: Advancements and Innovations. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091931. [PMID: 36145679 PMCID: PMC9506479 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular drug delivery has been significantly advanced for not only pharmaceutical compounds, such as steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immune modulators, antibiotics, and so forth, but also for the rapidly progressed gene therapy products. For conventional non-gene therapy drugs, appropriate surgical approaches and releasing systems are the main deliberation to achieve adequate treatment outcomes, whereas the scope of “drug delivery” for gene therapy drugs further expands to transgene construct optimization, vector selection, and vector engineering. The eye is the particularly well-suited organ as the gene therapy target, owing to multiple advantages. In this review, we will delve into three main aspects of ocular drug delivery for both conventional drugs and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapy products: (1) the development of AAV vector systems for ocular gene therapy, (2) the innovative carriers of medication, and (3) administration routes progression.
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Light-responsive biomaterials for ocular drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022:10.1007/s13346-022-01196-5. [PMID: 35751001 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Light-responsive biomaterials can be used for the delivery of therapeutic drugs and nucleic acids, where the tunable/precise delivery of payload highlights the potential of such biomaterials for treating a variety of conditions. The translucency of eyes and advances of laser technology in ophthalmology make light-responsive delivery of drugs feasible. Importantly, light can be applied in a non-invasive fashion; therefore, light-triggered drug delivery systems have great potential for clinical impact. This review will examine various types of light-responsive polymers and the chemistry that underpins their application as ophthalmic drug delivery systems.
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Kodetova M, Hobzova R, Sirc J, Uhlik J, Dunovska K, Svojgr K, Cocarta AI, Felsoova A, Slanar O, Sima M, Kozak I, Pochop P. The Role of Cryotherapy in Vitreous Concentrations of Topotecan Delivered by Episcleral Hydrogel Implant. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050903. [PMID: 35631489 PMCID: PMC9144907 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Transscleral diffusion delivery of chemotherapy is a promising way to reach the vitreal seeds of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. In this in vivo study, the delivery of topotecan via lens-shaped, bi-layered hydrogel implants was combined with transconjunctival cryotherapy to assess whether cryotherapy leads to higher concentrations of topotecan in the vitreous. The study included 18 New Zealand albino rabbits; nine rabbits received a topotecan-loaded implant episclerally and another nine rabbits received transconjunctival cryotherapy superotemporally 2 weeks before implant administration. Median vitreous total topotecan exposures (area under the curve, AUC) were 455 ng·h/mL for the cryotherapy group and 281 ng·h/mL for the non-cryotherapy group, and were significantly higher in the cryotherapy group, similar to maximum levels. Median plasma AUC were 50 ng·h/mL and 34 ng·h/mL for the cryotherapy and non-cryotherapy groups, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between them. In both groups, AUC values in the vitreous were significantly higher than in plasma, with plasma exposure at only approximately 11–12% of the level of vitreous exposure. The results confirmed the important role of the choroidal vessels in the pharmacokinetics of topotecan during transscleral administration and showed a positive effect of cryotherapy on intravitreal penetration, resulting in a significantly higher total exposure in the vitreous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kodetova
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.P.)
| | - Radka Hobzova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.H.); (A.-I.C.)
| | - Jakub Sirc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.H.); (A.-I.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiri Uhlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (A.F.)
| | - Katerina Dunovska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Karel Svojgr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ana-Irina Cocarta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 162 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (R.H.); (A.-I.C.)
| | - Andrea Felsoova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (J.U.); (A.F.)
- Clinical and Transplant Pathology Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slanar
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Sima
- Department of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (O.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Igor Kozak
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 62807, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Pavel Pochop
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.P.)
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Chen L, Deng J, Yu A, Hu Y, Jin B, Du P, Zhou J, Lei L, Wang Y, Vakal S, Li X. Drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity via ligand-receptor interaction. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:420-429. [PMID: 34901557 PMCID: PMC8636707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity of drug poses a great challenge in the field of ocular drug delivery. In the present study, we propose a drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel based on anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (Dex), and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif for boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity via the ligand-receptor interaction. The drug-peptide (Dex-SA-RGD/RGE) supramolecular hydrogel comprised of uniform nanotube architecture formed spontaneously in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) without external stimuli. Upon storage at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for 70 days, Dex-SA-RGD in hydrogel did not undergo significant hydrolysis, suggesting great long-term stability. In comparison to Dex-SA-RGE, Dex-SA-RGD exhibited a more potent in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages via the inhibition of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signal pathway. More importantly, using drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel labeled with 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD), the Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGD showed increased performance in terms of integrin targeting and cellular uptake compared to Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGE, as revealed by cellular uptake assay. On topical instillation in rabbit's eye, the proposed Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGD could effectively enhance the transcorneal distribution and permeability with respect to the Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGE. Overall, our findings demonstrate the performance of the ligand-receptor interaction for boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Bo Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20541, Finland
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Polyphenols and Posterior Segment Eye Diseases: Effects on Angiogenesis, Invasion, Migration and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2012792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Caban
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Lewandowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Caban M, Lewandowska U. Inhibiting effects of polyphenols on angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in anterior segment eye diseases. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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DHAHIR RK, AL-NIMA AM, AL-BAZZAZ F. Nanoemulsions as Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems. Turk J Pharm Sci 2021; 18:652-664. [PMID: 34708428 PMCID: PMC8562122 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2020.59319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions are liquid-in-liquid dispersion with a droplet size of about 100 nm. They have a transparent appearance, high rate of bioavailability, and increased shelf life. Nanoemulsions mainly consist of oil, water, surfactant, and cosurfactant and can be prepared by high- and low-energy methods. Diluted nanoemulsions are utilized for the delivery of ophthalmic drugs due to their capability to penetrate the deep layers of the ocular structure, provide a sustained release effect, and reduce the frequency of administration and side effects. These nanoemulsions are subjected to certain tests, such as safety, stability, pH profile, rheological studies, and so on. Cationic nanoemulsions are prepared for topical ophthalmic delivery of active ingredients from cationic agents to increase the drug residence time on the ocular surface, reducing their clearance from the ocular surface and improving drug bioavailability. This review article summarizes the main characteristics of nanoemulsions, ophthalmic nanoemulsions, and cationic nanoemulsions and their components, methods of preparation, and the evaluation parameters for ophthalmic nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Khalid DHAHIR
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | | | - Fadia AL-BAZZAZ
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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14
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Recent advances in ophthalmic preparations: Ocular barriers, dosage forms and routes of administration. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121105. [PMID: 34537269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human eye is a complex organ with unique anatomy and physiology that restricts the delivery of drugs to target ocular tissues/sites. Recent advances in the field of pharmacy, biotechnology and material science have led to development of novel ophthalmic dosage forms which can provide sustained drug delivery, reduce dosing frequency and improve the ocular bioavailability of drugs. This review highlights the different anatomical and physiological factors which affect ocular bioavailability of drugs and explores advancements from 2016 to 2020 in various ophthalmic preparations. Different routes of drug administration such as topical, intravitreal, intraocular, juxtascleral, subconjunctival, intracameral and retrobulbar are discussed with their advances and limitations.
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15
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Hyaluronic acid in ocular drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:118006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Hobzova R, Kodetova M, Pochop P, Uhlik J, Dunovska K, Svojgr K, Hrabeta J, Feriancikova B, Cocarta AI, Sirc J. Hydrogel implants for transscleral diffusion delivery of topotecan: In vivo proof of concept in a rabbit eye model. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120832. [PMID: 34175379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of retinoblastoma (Rb) has greatly improved in recent years in terms of survival and eye salvage rates, using mainly intra-arterial or intravitreal chemotherapy. However, the treatment of vitreous tumor seeding still represents a challenge and it is of great interest to develop new strategies to deliver pharmacologically sufficient drug amounts to the vitreous humor. In the present work, we present a lens-shaped bi-layered hydrogel implant for delivery of topotecan (TPT) via transscleral diffusion. The implant consists of an inner TPT-loaded poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) layer adjacent to the sclera and an outer covering poly(2-ethoxyethyl methacrylate) (pEOEMA) layer impermeable to TPT. TPT-loaded pHEMA samples exhibit long-lasting in vitro cytotoxicity against the Rb cell line Y79. In an in vivo experiment, pHEMA/pEOEMA implants are successfully surgically administered to the posterior segment of rabbit eyes. The determination of TPT pharmacokinetics demonstrates the attainment of promising levels of TPT (10 ng/ml) in vitreous humor 8 h after implant placement. The results from the pilot experiment constitute the proof of principle for the use of the proposed implants as a drug delivery system for the local treatment of intraocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Hobzova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Kodetova
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pochop
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Uhlik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, V Uvalu 84 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Dunovska
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Charles University, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Svojgr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hrabeta
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Feriancikova
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2(nd) Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, V Uvalu 84, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Ana-Irina Cocarta
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Sirc
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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17
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Lin X, Wu X, Chen X, Wang B, Xu W. Intellective and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120591. [PMID: 33845152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have attracted widespread attention in recent years since they can control drug release in a spatiotemporal manner and can achieve tunable drug release according to patient's physiological or pathological condition. In this review, we briefly introduce the drug delivery barriers and drug delivery systems in the anterior and posterior segment of eyes, and collect the recent advances in stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems in eyes for controlled drug release in response to exogenous stimuli (ultrasound, magnetic stimulus, electrical stimulus, and light) or endogenous stimuli (enzyme, active oxygen species, temperature, ions, and pH). In addition, the design and mechanisms of the stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems have been summarized in this review, and the advantages and limitations are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Lin
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xingdi Wu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310029, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- Eye Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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18
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Kang H, Yin N, Lyon H, Rupenthal ID, Thakur SS, Mugisho OO. The influence of hyperglycemia on the safety of ultrasound in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:558-568. [PMID: 33049086 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) assisted drug delivery is receiving interest in treating posterior eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy due to its ability to maximize drug penetration into difficult to reach tissues. Despite its promise, the technique has only been investigated using healthy cell and tissue models, with no evidence to date about its safety in active disease. As a result, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of US administration in vitro in retinal pigment epithelial cells under normal and high glucose conditions. US protocols within the presently accepted safety threshold were applied and their influence on cell membrane and tight junction integrity as well as intracellular inflammation was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran dye leak and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) assays, respectively. Under high glucose conditions, US application increased LDH release and resulted in loss of ZO-1 labeling at 2 h; however, normal levels were restored within 24 h. US within its safety parameters did not induce any FITC-dextran dye leak or NF-κB nuclear translocation in normal or high glucose conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest that while high glucose conditions increase cell susceptibility to US-mediated stress, basal conditions can be restored within 24 h without long-lasting cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Kang
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Naibo Yin
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather Lyon
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sachin S Thakur
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Center, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 11:866-893. [PMID: 32901367 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-020-00843-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the treatment for various ocular conditions affecting the ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments of the eye due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and anti-neovascularization properties. Prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and loteprednol etabonate are amongst the most widely used ophthalmic corticosteroids. Corticosteroids differ in their activity and potency in the eye due to their inherent pharmacological and pharmaceutical differences. Different routes and regimens are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Conventional topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, while periocular, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal injections can be potentially effective for posterior segment diseases. Corticosteroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation remain the most significant local risks following topical as well as systemic corticosteroid administration. Invasive drug administration via intracameral, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection can enhance ocular bioavailability and minimize dose and dosing frequency of administration, yet may exacerbate ocular side effects of corticosteroids. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ophthalmic uses of corticosteroid, routes of administration, drug delivery fundamentals and novel ocular implantable steroid delivery systems, factors influencing side effects, and future perspectives for ocular corticosteroid therapy.
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20
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Zhao L, Peng M, Lin W, Tan Q, Khan MA, Lin D. Efficacy of Sub-Tenon Micro-Perfusion of Cyclophosphamide in Rabbits with Severe Ocular Inflammation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:3407-3416. [PMID: 32903954 PMCID: PMC7445515 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s250541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To explore the feasibility of cyclophosphamide (CP) via a sub-Tenon micro-perfusion system (SMS) in rabbits, and assess its therapeutic efficacy in severe ocular inflammation. Materials and Methods Distribution and pharmacokinetics of CP were evaluated in vivo, and the concentrations of CP in plasma, vitreous humor, and retina/choroid were quantitated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) at different time points. After induction of severe experimental uveitis, rabbits were divided into three groups (n=8 in each): the SMS group, subconjunctival injection (SI) group, and control group. Clinical inflammatory score was assessed in rabbits. Electroretinography and histopathology were performed on post-treatment day 8. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The concentrations of CP in vitreous humor and retina/choroid in the SMS group were significantly higher than that of the SI group at 3, 6, 10, and 24 hours (P<0.01), while plasmatic CP concentrations were comparable at all time points in the SMS group and SI group (P>0.05). The SMS group showed significantly less inflammation compared to the control group and SI group. Furthermore, the restoration of retinal structure and function were more obvious in the SMS group compared with conventional SI application. Conclusion Sub-Tenon micro-perfusion of CP exhibited satisfied therapeutic efficacy in rabbits with severe ocular inflammation and may provide a promising alternative for controlling ocular inflammatory disease and immune-mediated ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqiang Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
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21
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Wang K, Wang P, Wang M, Yu DG, Wan F, Bligh SA. Comparative study of electrospun crystal-based and composite-based drug nano depots. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 113:110988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Zamboulis A, Nanaki S, Michailidou G, Koumentakou I, Lazaridou M, Ainali NM, Xanthopoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Chitosan and its Derivatives for Ocular Delivery Formulations: Recent Advances and Developments. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1519. [PMID: 32650536 PMCID: PMC7407599 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a hemi-synthetic cationic linear polysaccharide produced by the deacetylation of chitin. CS is non-toxic, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable, and it has a low immunogenicity. Additionally, CS has inherent antibacterial properties and a mucoadhesive character and can disrupt epithelial tight junctions, thus acting as a permeability enhancer. As such, CS and its derivatives are well-suited for the challenging field of ocular drug delivery. In the present review article, we will discuss the properties of CS that contribute to its successful application in ocular delivery before reviewing the latest advances in the use of CS for the development of novel ophthalmic delivery systems. Colloidal nanocarriers (nanoparticles, micelles, liposomes) will be presented, followed by CS gels and lenses and ocular inserts. Finally, instances of CS coatings, aiming at conferring mucoadhesiveness to other matrixes, will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zamboulis
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.N.); (G.M.); (I.K.); (M.L.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitrios N. Bikiaris
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.N.); (G.M.); (I.K.); (M.L.); (N.M.A.); (E.X.)
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23
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Huang CK, Zhang K, Gong Q, Yu DG, Wang J, Tan X, Quan H. Ethylcellulose-based drug nano depots fabricated using a modified triaxial electrospinning. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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A nanofiber-based drug depot with high drug loading for sustained release. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Sustained subconjunctival drug delivery systems: current trends and future perspectives. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:2385-2401. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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26
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Ocular drugs and drug delivery systems — Current trends and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1425-1426. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Meng T, Kulkarni V, Simmers R, Brar V, Xu Q. Therapeutic implications of nanomedicine for ocular drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1524-1538. [PMID: 31102733 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutics to the eye is challenging on multiple levels: rapid clearance of eyedrops from the ocular surface requires frequent instillation, which is difficult for patients; transport of drugs across the blood-retinal barrier when drugs are administered systemically, and the cornea when drugs are administered topically, is difficult to achieve; limited drug penetration to the back of the eye owing to the cornea, conjunctiva, sclera and vitreous barriers. Nanomedicine offers many advantages over conventional ophthalmic medications for effective ocular drug delivery because nanomedicine can increase the therapeutic index by overcoming ocular barriers, improving drug-release profiles and reducing potential drug toxicity. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic implications of nanomedicine for ocular drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Vineet Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Russell Simmers
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Physics, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Vikram Brar
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Massey Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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