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Chen H, Hu Q, Wen T, Luo L, Liu L, Wang L, Shen X. Arteannuin B, a sesquiterpene lactone from Artemisia annua, attenuates inflammatory response by inhibiting the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D3-mediated NF-κB activation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155263. [PMID: 38181532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anomalous activation of NF-κB signaling is associated with many inflammatory disorders, such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and acute lung injury (ALI). NF-κB activation requires the ubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO). Therefore, inhibition of ubiquitation of RIP1 and NEMO may serve as a potential approach for inhibiting NF-κB activation and alleviating inflammatory disorders. PURPOSE Here, we identified arteannuin B (ATB), a sesquiterpene lactone found in the traditional Chinese medicine Artemisia annua that is used to treat malaria and inflammatory diseases, as a potent anti-inflammatory compound, and then characterized the putative mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory action. METHODS Detections of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in LPS- or TNF-α-stimulated murine macrophages using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western blotting, respectively. Western blotting, CETSA, DARTS, MST, gene knockdown, LC-MS/MS, and molecular docking were used to determine the potential target and molecular mechanism of ATB. The pharmacological effects of ATB were further evaluated in DSS-induced colitis and LPS-induced ALI in vivo. RESULTS ATB effectively diminished the generation of NO and PGE2 by down-regulating iNOS and COX2 expression, and decreased the mRNA expression and release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-exposed RAW264.7 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory effect of ATB was further demonstrated in LPS-treated BMDMs and TNF-α-activated RAW264.7 cells. We further found that ATB obviously inhibited NF-κB activation induced by LPS or TNF-α in vitro. Moreover, compared with ATB, dihydroarteannuin B (DATB) which lost the unsaturated double bond, completely failed to repress LPS-induced NO release and NF-κB activation in vitro. Furthermore, UBE2D3, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, was identified as the functional target of ATB, but not DATB. UBE2D3 knockdown significantly abolished ATB-mediated inhibition on LPS-induced NO production. Mechanistically, ATB could covalently bind to the catalytic cysteine 85 of UBE2D3, thereby inhibiting the function of UBE2D3 and preventing ubiquitination of RIP1 and NEMO. In vivo, ATB treatment exhibited robust protective effects against DSS-induced UC and LPS-induced ALI. CONCLUSION Our findings first demonstrated that ATB exerted anti-inflammatory functions by repression of NF-κB pathway via covalently binding to UBE2D3, and raised the possibility that ATB could be effective in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and other diseases associated with abnormal NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Chen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Wen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuling Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lun Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Miyamoto K, Tadokoro T, Matsumoto A. Unique E2-binding specificity of artificial RING fingers in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2545. [PMID: 38291082 PMCID: PMC10828389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are involved in various pathways for Ub transfer and deubiquitinating activities. These enzymes are associated with cancers such as breast cancer which is the second deadliest type of malignancy among women. Here, we revealed the unique E2-binding property and the auto-ubiquitination of artificial RING fingers (ARFs). Circular dichroism spectra showed the characteristic structures of ARFs. The proline, lysine, leucine, threonine and cysteine (PKLTC) sequence of ARF was important for E2-recognition and its mutations induced obvious changes in the E2-binding specificity and the auto-ubiquitination activity of ARF. The ARF mutants were applicable to detection of most of E2 activities. Furthermore, adding the ARF mutant C35A to cancer cells promoted its auto-ubiquitination, leading to the preferential detection of E2 UbcH5b activity. The present work opens up a new avenue for investigating intracellular E2 activities for the fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan.
| | - Takashi Tadokoro
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, 1-1-1 Daigaku-dori, Sanyo-Onoda, Yamaguchi, 756-0884, Japan
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Miyamoto K, Matsumoto A. Artificial RING finger reveals unique auto-ubiquitination with E2 specificity. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4766. [PMID: 37622280 PMCID: PMC10510468 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzymes (E2s) transfer activated Ub from Ub-activating enzymes (E1s) to substrates and are associated with various cancers and neurological disorders. In this study, the unique properties of E2-binding and auto-ubiquitination of artificial RING fingers (ARFs) were demonstrated in ubiquitination assays. Circular dichroism spectra indicated the characteristic structures of ARFs. Point mutations of 31 PKLTC35 in ARF by tryptophan (Trp) resulted in dramatic changes in E2 specificity and the type of Ub chain elongation of mono- and polyubiquitination. The Trp residue was a cue that changed the ubiquitination activity of ARF via E2-binding. Furthermore, the ARF mutants interacted with all 11 E2s and then promoted auto-ubiquitination. Thus, the use of the ARF mutants allowed specific detection of E2 activities during ubiquitination. The present study opens up a new avenue for researching E2 activities related to the fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide Miyamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Qi S, Guan X, Zhang J, Yu D, Yu X, Li Q, Yin W, Cheng XD, Zhang W, Qin JJ. Targeting E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH5c by small molecule inhibitor suppresses pancreatic cancer growth and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:70. [PMID: 35272681 PMCID: PMC8908661 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. The IAPs function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and contribute to pancreatic cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Although IAP-targeted therapies have been developed and shown anticancer efficacy in preclinical settings, none of them has been approved yet. METHODS Transcriptome data from public datasets were used to analyze the correlation of IAPs and E2s, and the biological function of E2 UbcH5c in pancreatic cancer. A structure-based virtual screen was used to identify UbcH5c inhibitor, and surface plasmon resonance analysis and cellular thermal shift assays were employed to evaluate the binding affinity. The anticancer activities were demonstrated through in vitro and in vivo assays, while the related mechanisms were explored through transcriptomic and proteomic analyses and confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS UbcH5c is positively correlated with the expression of IAPs in pancreatic cancer. We further found that UbcH5c is overexpressed and associated with a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. We identified a small-molecule UbcH5c inhibitor, termed DHPO, which directly bound to UbcH5c protein. DHPO inhibited cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. The compound inhibited UbcH5c-mediated IκBα degradation and NF-κB activation, which is critical for its anticancer activity. Furthermore, DHPO suppressed the tumor growth and metastasis in two orthotopic pancreatic tumor mouse models. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that inhibiting UbcH5c is a novel and effective strategy for treating pancreatic cancer and DHPO represents a new class of UbcH5c inhibitor and may be further developed as an anti-pancreatic cancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Qi
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Guan
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Dehua Yu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Xuefei Yu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenjuan Yin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Roman-Trufero M, Dillon N. The UBE2D ubiquitin conjugating enzymes: Potential regulatory hubs in development, disease and evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1058751. [PMID: 36578786 PMCID: PMC9790923 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1058751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination of cellular proteins plays critical roles in key signalling pathways and in the regulation of protein turnover in eukaryotic cells. E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzymes function as essential intermediates in ubiquitination reactions by acting as ubiquitin donors for the E3 ubiquitin ligase enzymes that confer substrate specificity. The members of the UBE2D family of E2 enzymes are involved in regulating signalling cascades through ubiquitination of target proteins that include receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and components of the Hedgehog, TGFβ and NFκB pathways. UBE2D enzymes also function in transcriptional control by acting as donors for ubiquitination of histone tails by the Polycomb protein Ring1B and the DNA methylation regulator UHRF1 as well as having roles in DNA repair and regulation of the level of the tumour suppressor p53. Here we review the functional roles and mechanisms of regulation of the UBE2D proteins including recent evidence that regulation of the level of UBE2D3 is critical for controlling ubiquitination of specific targets during development. Cellular levels of UBE2D3 have been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation, which affects folding of the protein, reducing its stability. Specific variations in the otherwise highly conserved UBE2D3 protein sequence in amniotes and in a subgroup of teleost fishes, the Acanthomorpha, suggest that the enzyme has had important roles during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Roman-Trufero
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Dillon
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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Chen P, He Z, Wang J, Xu J, Jiang X, Chen Y, Liu X, Jiang J. Hypoxia-Induced ZWINT Mediates Pancreatic Cancer Proliferation by Interacting With p53/p21. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682131. [PMID: 34900978 PMCID: PMC8652205 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p53/p21 signaling plays a vital role in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. ZWINT was shown to function as an oncoprotein in the progression of multiple cancers. However, the involvement of ZWINT and p53 activation in the progression of PC remains poorly understood. Bioinformatics and tissue array chip analyses were performed to evaluate ZWINT expression in pancreatic cancer. ZWINT mRNA and protein expression were evaluated in normoxia and hypoxia. CHIP was used to evaluate HIF1α interaction with the ZWINT promoter. CCK8, colony formation, EDU, and cell cycle analysis were used to examine PC cell proliferation. Immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence were used to examine the interaction of ZWINT, MDM2, and p53. p53 activity was evaluated by q-PCR and luciferase assay. Protein degradation and ubiquitination assays were used to analyze the role of ZWINT in p53 ubiquitination. ZWINT was overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and induced in hypoxia. ZWINT promoted pancreatic cancer growth and cell cycle progression. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that ZWINT may regulate the p53 signal pathway. ZWINT interacts with p53 and promotes its ubiquitination and degradation. ZWINT promoted proliferation via p53/p21. Immunohistochemistry of clinical specimens revealed that that ZWINT expression was significantly negatively correlated with p53/p21. Our data showed that hypoxia regulates the expression of ZWINT, which activated p53/p21 signaling pathway to promote PC growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyi Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yankun Chen
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Association of miR-499 Polymorphism and Its Regulatory Networks with Hashimoto Thyroiditis Susceptibility: A Population-Based Case-Control Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810094. [PMID: 34576267 PMCID: PMC8470033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) is a common autoimmune disorder with a strong genetic background. Several genetic factors have been suggested, yet numerous genetic contributors remain to be fully understood in HT pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are gene expression regulators critically involved in biological processes, of which polymorphisms can alter their function, leading to pathologic conditions, including autoimmune diseases. We examined whether miR-499 rs3746444 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to HT in an Iranian subpopulation. Furthermore, we investigated the potential interacting regulatory network of the miR-499. This case-control study included 150 HT patients and 152 healthy subjects. Genotyping of rs3746444 was performed by the PCR-RFLP method. Also, target genomic sites of the polymorphism were predicted using bioinformatics. Our results showed that miR-499 rs3746444 was positively associated with HT risk in heterozygous (OR = 3.32, 95%CI = 2.00–5.53, p < 0.001, CT vs. TT), homozygous (OR = 2.81, 95%CI = 1.30–6.10, p = 0.014, CC vs. TT), dominant (OR = 3.22, 95%CI = 1.97–5.25, p < 0.001, CT + CC vs. TT), overdominant (OR = 2.57, 95%CI = 1.62–4.09, p < 0.001, CC + TT vs. CT), and allelic (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.37–2.69, p < 0.001, C vs. T) models. Mapping predicted target genes of miR-499 on tissue-specific-, co-expression-, and miR-TF networks indicated that main hub-driver nodes are implicated in regulating immune system functions, including immunorecognition and complement activity. We demonstrated that miR-499 rs3746444 is linked to HT susceptibility in our population. However, predicted regulatory networks revealed that this polymorphism is contributing to the regulation of immune system pathways.
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Qi SM, Dong J, Xu ZY, Cheng XD, Zhang WD, Qin JJ. PROTAC: An Effective Targeted Protein Degradation Strategy for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:692574. [PMID: 34025443 PMCID: PMC8138175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC) technology is an effective endogenous protein degradation tool developed in recent years that can ubiquitinate the target proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to achieve an effect on tumor growth. A number of literature studies on PROTAC technology have proved an insight into the feasibility of PROTAC technology to degrade target proteins. Additionally, the first oral PROTACs (ARV-110 and ARV-471) have shown encouraging results in clinical trials for prostate and breast cancer treatment, which inspires a greater enthusiasm for PROTAC research. Here we focus on the structures and mechanisms of PROTACs and describe several classes of effective PROTAC degraders based on E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xu
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Cheng
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang-Jiang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Yuan Y, Xiao WW, Xie WH, Li RZ, Gao YH. Prognostic value of ubiquitin E2 UBE2W and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:479. [PMID: 33931024 PMCID: PMC8086329 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08234-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2W (UBE2W) is a protein-coding gene that has an important role in ubiquitination and may be vital in the repair of DNA damage. However, studies on the prognostic value of UBE2W and its correlation with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in multiple cancers have not been addressed. Methods We investigated UBE2W expression in the Oncomine database, the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER), TNMplot database. Then, the clinical prognostic value of UBE2W was analyzed via online public databases. Meanwhile, we explored the correlation between UBE2W and DNA repair associate genes expression and DNA methyltransferase expression by TIMER and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). By using the same method, the correlation between UBE2W and tumor-infiltrating immune cells was explored. Genomic Profiles of UBE2W in breast cancer (BRCA) were accessed in cBioPortal (v3.5.0). Functional proteins associated network was analyzed by STRING database (v11.0). Results UBE2W was abnormally expressed and significantly correlated with mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutation levels, DNA methyltransferase, and BRCA1/2 expression in breast cancer. High expression of UBE2W may promote the tumor immunosuppression and metastasis, induce endocrine therapy resistance and deteriorate outcomes of patients with breast cancer. These findings suggest that UBE2W could be a potential biomarker of prognosis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Besides, RBX1 may be a new E3 that was regulated by UBE2W. Conclusions Ubiquitin E2 UBE2W is a potential prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltration in BRCA. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08234-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yuan
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative innovation Center for cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Wei Xiao
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative innovation Center for cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hao Xie
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative innovation Center for cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Li
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative innovation Center for cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Hong Gao
- State Key laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative innovation Center for cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, P. R. China. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
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10
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Du X, Song H, Shen N, Hua R, Yang G. The Molecular Basis of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes (E2s) as a Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073440. [PMID: 33810518 PMCID: PMC8037234 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are one of the three enzymes required by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway to connect activated ubiquitin to target proteins via ubiquitin ligases. E2s determine the connection type of the ubiquitin chains, and different types of ubiquitin chains regulate the stability and activity of substrate proteins. Thus, E2s participate in the regulation of a variety of biological processes. In recent years, the importance of E2s in human health and diseases has been particularly emphasized. Studies have shown that E2s are dysregulated in variety of cancers, thus it might be a potential therapeutic target. However, the molecular basis of E2s as a therapeutic target has not been described systematically. We reviewed this issue from the perspective of the special position and role of E2s in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, the structure of E2s and biological processes they are involved in. In addition, the inhibitors and microRNAs targeting E2s are also summarized. This article not only provides a direction for the development of effective drugs but also lays a foundation for further study on this enzyme in the future.
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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 era: a mini review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2973-2978. [PMID: 33620659 PMCID: PMC7901162 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is until today a global health emergency. In an immense effort, effective drugs against COVID-19 are searched and intensive researches on possible repurposing of antiviral agents are performed. Since chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have shown in vitro anti- COVID-19 activities, the potential effect of CQ/HCQ to treat and/or prevent COVID-19 infection has caused global attention. However, concern regarding possible hemolysis in G6PD-deficient COVID-19 patients exists and for this reason, the association between HCQ and G6PD deficiency (G6PDD) is back in the limelight. This study aims to answer the question raised by Mastroianni et al. "Hydroxychloroquine: Culprit or Innocent Bystander in G6PD-Deficient Patients with COVID-19?", reporting all cases of HCQ in G6PD deficient COVID-19 patients published on PubMed (pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov), in addition to the Mastroianni's patient. In our opinion, after an accurate revision of these cases and responding the question raised by Mastroianni et al., we believe that it is difficult to reach a final verdict about the definitive role of HCQ in these patients. The COVID-19 pandemic has reopened attention on HCQ use and G6PDD. G6PD status is extremely important in modulating the level of reactive oxygen species and many cellular immune responses such as enhanced production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine and inflammasome activation. Since these processes are involved in COVID-19 infection, acute hemolytic anemia, a severe complication of the G6PDD, can occur in these patients. In this context, the role of HCQ, usually effective, safe, and well tolerated in G6PD deficient patients, must be redefined in these patients with COVID-19.As consequence, answering the question: "Hydroxychloroquine: Culprit or Innocent Bystander in G6PD-Deficient Patients with COVID-19?", we state that it is risky to believe that HCQ may be an "innocent bystander" in G6PD-deficient COVID-19 patients.
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