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Orhan E, Velazquez C, Tabet I, Fenou L, Rodier G, Orsetti B, Jacot W, Sardet C, Theillet C. CDK inhibition results in pharmacologic BRCAness increasing sensitivity to olaparib in BRCA1-WT and olaparib resistant in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 589:216820. [PMID: 38574883 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
One in three Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is Homologous Recombination Deficient (HRD) and susceptible to respond to PARP inhibitor (PARPi), however, resistance resulting from functional HR restoration is frequent. Thus, pharmacologic approaches that induce HRD are of interest. We investigated the effectiveness of CDK-inhibition to induce HRD and increase PARPi sensitivity of TNBC cell lines and PDX models. Two CDK-inhibitors (CDKi), the broad range dinaciclib and the CDK12-specific SR-4835, strongly reduced the expression of key HR genes and impaired HR functionality, as illustrated by BRCA1 and RAD51 nuclear foci obliteration. Consequently, both CDKis showed synergism with olaparib, as well as with cisplatin and gemcitabine, in a range of TNBC cell lines and particularly in olaparib-resistant models. In vivo assays on PDX validated the efficacy of dinaciclib which increased the sensitivity to olaparib of 5/6 models, including two olaparib-resistant and one BRCA1-WT model. However, no olaparib response improvement was observed in vivo with SR-4835. These data support that the implementation of CDK-inhibitors could be effective to sensitize TNBC to olaparib as well as possibly to cisplatin or gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Orhan
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Carolina Velazquez
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Imene Tabet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Lise Fenou
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Rodier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Béatrice Orsetti
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - William Jacot
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France; Oncologie Clinique, Institut Du Cancer de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claude Sardet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Charles Theillet
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, IRCM, U1194, Montpellier University, INSERM, ICM, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Wei J, Ji K, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Ji X, Zhou K, Yang X, Lu H, Wang A, Bu Z. Exploration of molecular markers related to chemotherapy efficacy of hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:677-693. [PMID: 37943484 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy may not improve the prognosis of patients with hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS), a rare pathological type of gastric cancer. Thus, the study aimed at the genomic and transcriptomic impacts of preoperative chemotherapy on HAS. METHODS Patients with HAS who underwent surgical resection at Peking University Cancer Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. Whole exome sequencing and transcriptome sequencing were performed on pre-chemotherapy, non-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy samples. We then compared the alterations in molecular markers between the post-chemotherapy and non-chemotherapy groups, and between the chemotherapy-effective and chemotherapy-ineffective groups, respectively. RESULTS A total of 79 tumor samples from 72 patients were collected. Compared to the non-chemotherapy group, the mutation frequencies of several genes were changed after chemotherapy, including TP53. In addition, there was a significant increase in the frequency of frameshift mutations and cytosine transversion to adenine (C > A), appearance of COSMIC signature 6 and 14, and a reduced gene copy number amplification. Interestingly, the same phenomenon was observed in chemotherapy-ineffective patients. In addition, many HAS patients had ERBB2, FGFR2, MET and HGF gene amplification. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes, especially those related to lymphocyte activation, was down-regulated after chemotherapy. CONCLUSION Chemotherapy is closely associated with changes in the molecular characteristics of HAS. After chemotherapy, at genomic and transcriptome level, many features were altered. These changes may be molecular markers of poor chemotherapeutic efficacy and play an important role in chemoresistance in HAS. In addition, ERBB2, FGFR2, MET and HGF gene amplification may be potential therapeutic targets for HAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- The Cardiomyopathy Research Group at Fuwai Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaojiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hongfeng Lu
- Berry Genomics Corporation, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Anqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Zhaode Bu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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3
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Maity S, Mukherjee R, Banerjee S. Recent Advances and Therapeutic Strategies Using CRISPR Genome Editing Technique for the Treatment of Cancer. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:206-226. [PMID: 35999480 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR genome editing technique has the potential to target cancer cells in a precise manner. The latest advancements have helped to address one of the prominent concerns about this strategy which is the off-target integrations observed with dsDNA and have resulted in more studies being carried out for potentially safer and more targeted gene therapy, so as to make it available for the clinical trials in order to effectively treat cancer. CRISPR screens offer great potential for the high throughput investigation of the gene functionality in various tumors. It extends its capability to identify the tumor growth essential genes, therapeutic resistant genes, and immunotherapeutic responses. CRISPR screens are mostly performed in in vitro models, but latest advancements focus on developing in vivo models to view cancer progression in animal models. It also allows the detection of factors responsible for tumorigenesis. In CRISPR screens key parameters are optimized in order to meet proficient gene targeting efficiencies. It also detects various molecular effectors required for gene regulation in different cancers, essential pathways which modulate cytotoxicity to immunotherapy in cancer cells, important genes which contribute to cancer cell survival in hypoxic states and modulate cancer long non-coding RNAs. The current review focuses on the recent developments in the therapeutic application of CRISPR technology for cancer therapy. Furthermore, the associated challenges and safety concerns along with the various strategies that can be implemented to overcome these drawbacks has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyasi Maity
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rishyani Mukherjee
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Satarupa Banerjee
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wu W, Yu S, Yu X. Transcription-associated cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) as a potential target for cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188842. [PMID: 36460141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12), a transcription-related cyclin dependent kinase (CDK), plays a momentous part in multitudinous biological functions, such as replication, transcription initiation to elongation and termination, precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) splicing, intron polyadenylation (IPA), and translation. CDK12 can act as a tumour suppressor or oncogene in disparate cellular environments, and its dysregulation likely provokes tumorigenesis. A comprehensive understanding of CDK12 will tremendously facilitate the exploitation of novel tactics for the treatment and precaution of cancer. Currently, CDK12 inhibitors are nonspecific and nonselective, which profoundly hinders the pharmacological target validation and drug exploitation process. Herein, we summarize the newly comprehension of the biological functions of CDK12 with a focus on recently emerged advancements of CDK12-associated therapeutic approaches in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wence Wu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shengji Yu
- Departments of Orthopedics, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiying Yu
- Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Tang R, Liu J, Li S, Zhang J, Yu C, Liu H, Chen F, Lv L, Zhang Q, Yuan K, Shao H. A patent and literature review of CDK12 inhibitors. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1055-1065. [PMID: 36120913 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2126765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) belongs to the CDK family of serine/threonine protein kinases and associates with cyclin K to exert its biological functions, including regulating gene transcription, mRNA processing and translation. Increasing evidences demonstrate the importance of CDK12 in various human cancers, illustrating its potential as both biomarker and therapeutic target. In addition, CDK12 is also a promising target for the treatment of myotonic dystrophy type 1. Efforts have been taken to discover small molecule inhibitors to validate this important therapeutic target. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patented CDK12 inhibitors from 2016 to present, as well as these from peer-reviewed literature. It provides the reader an update of the discovery strategies, chemical structures and molecular profiling of all available CDK12 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION CDK12 inhibitors with various mechanism of actions have been discovered and it is a great set of tools to evaluate the therapeutic potential of CDK12 in different disease models. CDK12 inhibitors have shown promising results in myotonic dystrophy type 1 mouse model and several preclinical cancer models either as single agent or combination with other anti-cancer agents. Its therapeutic value awaits more rigorous preclinical testing and further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Center for Clinical Biorepositories and Biospecimen & Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Shuyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chunhong Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Honglu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Hao Shao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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6
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Magnuson B, Bedi K, Narayanan IV, Bartkowiak B, Blinkiewicz H, Paulsen MT, Greenleaf A, Ljungman M. CDK12 regulates co-transcriptional splicing and RNA turnover in human cells. iScience 2022; 25:105030. [PMID: 36111258 PMCID: PMC9468413 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK12 has garnered interest as a cancer therapeutic target as DNA damage response genes are particularly suppressed by loss of CDK12 activity. In this study, we assessed the acute effects of CDK12 inhibition on transcription and RNA processing using nascent RNA Bru-seq and BruChase-seq. Acute transcriptional changes were overall small after CDK12 inhibition but over 600 genes showed intragenic premature termination, including DNA repair and cell cycle genes. Furthermore, many genes showed reduced transcriptional readthrough past the end of genes in the absence of CDK12 activity. RNA turnover was dramatically affected by CDK12 inhibition and importantly, caused increased degradation of many transcripts from DNA damage response genes. We also show that co-transcriptional splicing was suppressed by CDK12 inhibition. Taken together, these studies reveal the roles of CDK12 in regulating transcription elongation, transcription termination, co-transcriptional splicing, and RNA turnover. Over 600 genes showed prematurely terminated transcription when CDK12 was inhibited CDK12 promotes transcriptional readthrough past transcription end sites (TESs) CDK12 promotes splicing and affects transcript stability
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Magnuson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Karan Bedi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Bartlomiej Bartkowiak
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Hailey Blinkiewicz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michelle T. Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Arno Greenleaf
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Rogel Cancer Center and Center for RNA Biomedicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Corresponding author
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7
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Mannarino L, Mirimao F, Panini N, Paracchini L, Marchini S, Beltrame L, Amodeo R, Grosso F, Libener R, De Simone I, Ceresoli GL, Zucali PA, Lupi M, D’Incalci M. Tumor treating fields affect mesothelioma cell proliferation by exerting histotype-dependent cell cycle checkpoint activations and transcriptional modulations. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:612. [PMID: 35840560 PMCID: PMC9287343 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although clinical antitumor activity of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) has been reported in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients, the mechanisms behind the different selectivity displayed by the various MPM histotypes to this physical therapy has not been elucidated yet. Taking advantage of the development of well characterized human MPM cell lines derived from pleural effusion and/or lavages of patients' thoracic cavity, we investigated the biological effects of TTFields against these cells, representative of epithelioid, biphasic, and sarcomatoid histotypes. Growth inhibition and cell cycle perturbations caused by TTFields were investigated side by side with RNA-Seq analyses at different exposure times to identify pathways involved in cell response to treatment. We observed significant differences of response to TTFields among the cell lines. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the most sensitive cells (epithelioid CD473) were blocked in G2M phase followed by formation of polyploid cells. The least sensitive cells (sarcomatoid CD60) were only slightly affected by TTFields with a general delay in all cell cycle phases. Apoptosis was present in all samples, but while epithelioid cell death was already observed during the first 24 h of treatment, sarcomatoid cells needed longer times before they engaged apoptotic pathways. RNA-Seq experiments demonstrated that TTFields induced a transcriptional response already detectable at early time points (8 h). The number of differentially expressed genes was higher in CD473 than in CD60 cells, involving several pathways, such as those pertinent to cell cycle checkpoints, DNA repair, and histone modifications. Our data provide further support to the notion that the antitumor effects of TTFields are not simply related to a non-specific reaction to a physical stimulus, but are dependent on the biological background of the cells and the particular sensitivity to TTFields observed in epithelioid MPM cells is associated with a higher transcriptional activity than that observed in sarcomatoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mannarino
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Mirimao
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Lara Paracchini
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Marchini
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Beltrame
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Rosy Amodeo
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Grosso
- Oncology Division, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Department of Integrated Activities Research and Innovation, Azienda Ospedaliera SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Irene De Simone
- grid.4527.40000000106678902Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni L. Ceresoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Saronno Hospital, ASST Valle Olona, Saronno, Varese, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Zucali
- grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy ,grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Department of Oncology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Lupi
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio D’Incalci
- grid.417728.f0000 0004 1756 8807Laboratory of Cancer Pharmacology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milano, Italy ,grid.452490.eDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milano, Italy
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Lei P, Zhang J, Liao P, Ren C, Wang J, Wang Y. Current progress and novel strategies that target CDK12 for drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 240:114603. [PMID: 35868123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CDK12 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that plays critical roles in DNA replication, transcription, mRNA splicing, and DNA damage repair. CDK12 genomic changes, including mutation, amplification, deletion, and fusion, lead to various cancers, such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian cancer. An increasing number of CDK12 inhibitors have been reported since CDK12 was identified as a biomarker and cancer therapeutic target. A major challenge lies in that CDK12 and CDK13 share highly similar sequences, which leads to great difficulties in the development of highly selective CDK12 inhibitors. In recent years, great efforts were made in developing selective CDK12 blockers. Techniques including PROTAC and molecular glue degraders were also applied to facilitate their development. Also, the drug combination strategy of CDK12 small molecule inhibitors were studied. This review discusses the latest studies on CDK12 inhibitors and analyzes their structure-activity relationships, shedding light on their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lei
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyu Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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9
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Guan L, Tang Y, Li G, Qin Z, Li S. Comprehensive Analysis of Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases Family Members in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:921710. [PMID: 35814446 PMCID: PMC9258493 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.921710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are cell cycle regulators, and abnormal activation can accelerate tumor cell proliferation. However, The relation between CDKs dysregulation to colorectal cancer incidence and progression have not been examined in detail. Methods:Differences in CDKs expression between colorectal cancer and normal tissues, associations between expression and clinical prognosis, incidence and frequencies of CDKs gene mutations, and the influences of CDKs on tumor infiltration by immune cells were examined by analyses of Oncomine, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, and TIMER databases. Results Colorectal cancer tissues showed enhanced expression levels of CDKs 1/2/4/5/6/8/12/13/19 but reduced CDK3 expression. CDK7 was highly expressed in some colorectal cancer tissues but downregulated in others. Expression levels of CDK1/3/4/7/8/10/11b/13/18/19/20 were correlated with clinical stage, and CDK 5/10/12/16 expression levels predicted prognosis and survival. Differential CDKs expression correlated with cell cycle progression, amino acid polypeptide modifications, and activation of other protein kinases. Expression levels of all CDKs except CDK16 were correlated with infiltration of CD4+T, CD8+T, B and Tregs cells. Conclusions CDK 1 and 4 could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. CDK 5/10/12/16 can be utilized as prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Immunity and Targeted Therapy for Liver-Intestinal Tumors, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guanghua Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhao Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Shaoshan Li
- Department of General Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Shaoshan Li,
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An Orally Bioavailable and Highly Efficacious Inhibitor of CDK9/FLT3 for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051113. [PMID: 35267421 PMCID: PMC8909834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) occur in approximately one-third of AML patients and are associated with a particularly poor prognosis. The most common mutation, FLT3-ITD, is a self-activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the FLT3 juxtamembrane domain. Many FLT3 inhibitors have shown encouraging results in clinical trials, but the rapid emergence of resistance has severely limited sustainable efficacy. Co-targeting of CDK9 and FLT3 is a promising two-pronged strategy to overcome resistance as the former plays a role in the transcription of cancer cell-survival genes. Most prominently, MCL-1 is known to be associated with AML tumorigenesis and drug resistance and can be down-regulated by CDK9 inhibition. We have developed CDDD11-8 as a potent CDK9 inhibitor co-targeting FLT3-ITD with Ki values of 8 and 13 nM, respectively. The kinome selectivity has been confirmed when the compound was tested in a panel of 369 human kinases. CDDD11-8 displayed antiproliferative activity against leukemia cell lines, and particularly potent effects were observed against MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells, which are known to harbor the FLT3-ITD mutation and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion proteins. The mode of action was consistent with inhibition of CDK9 and FLT3-ITD. Most importantly, CDDD11-8 caused a robust tumor growth inhibition by oral administration in animal xenografts. At 125 mg/kg, CDDD11-8 induced tumor regression, and this was translated to an improved survival of animals. The study demonstrates the potential of CDDD11-8 towards the future development of a novel AML treatment.
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Noncovalent CDK12/13 dual inhibitors-based PROTACs degrade CDK12-Cyclin K complex and induce synthetic lethality with PARP inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114012. [PMID: 34864331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) plays a crucial role in DNA-damage response gene transcription and has recently been validated as a promising target in cancer therapy. However, existing CDK12 inhibitors potently inhibit its closest isoform CDK13, which could cause potential toxicity. Therefore, the development of CDK12 inhibitors with isoform-selectivity against CDK13 continues to be a challenge. By taking advantage of the emerging PROteolysis-TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) approach, we have synthesized a potent PROTAC degrader PP-C8 based on the noncovalent dual inhibitors of CDK12/13 and demonstrated its specificity for CDK12 over CDK13. Notably, PP-C8 induces profound degradation of cyclin K simultaneously and downregulates the mRNA level of DNA-damage response genes. Global proteomics profiling revealed PP-C8 is highly selective toward CDK12-cyclin K complex. Importantly, PP-C8 demonstrates profound synergistic antiproliferative effects with PARP inhibitor in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The potent and selective CDK12 PROTAC degrader developed in this study could potentially be used to treat CDK12-dependent cancers as combination therapy.
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Filho EV, Pinheiro EM, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Aminopyrimidines: Recent synthetic procedures and anticancer activities. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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