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Simbu S, Orchard A, van de Venter M, van Vuuren S. Ibuprofen as an adjuvant to conventional antimicrobials and essential oil compounds against skin pathogens. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae186. [PMID: 39068502 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Antimicrobial resistance continues to be a growing concern, resulting in increased use of drug combinations. Antibiotic adjuvants are an emerging strategy that may potentiate an antibiotics efficacy. Ibuprofen's polypharmacological properties have been investigated for their antimicrobial and host-modulating potential. This study aimed to investigate the potential of a novel multidrug combination involving ibuprofen, essential oil compounds (EOCs), and conventional antimicrobials against skin pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS The minimum inhibitory concentrations of ibuprofen, conventional antimicrobials, and EOCs were determined and then combined and tested against 14 (reference and clinical) skin pathogens. The cytotoxicity was analysed using the MTT assay, whilst the anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using lipopolysaccharide activated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. Four pairwise (Ibuprofen and antibiotic) (ΣFIC 0.33-0.50) and three triple (Ibuprofen and antibiotic with EOC) (ΣFIC 0.44-0.47) synergistic antimicrobial interactions were identified. These combinations demonstrated cell viability of 77.59%-100%. No combination significantly reduced nitric oxide production. CONCLUSION The results from this study provide insight into the potential of a multidrug combination involving ibuprofen with conventional antimicrobials and EOCs against common skin pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivar Simbu
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Ané Orchard
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, 6031, South Africa
| | - Sandy van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
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Coscione F, Zineddu S, Vitali V, Fondi M, Messori L, Perrin E. The Many Lives of Auranofin: How an Old Anti-Rheumatic Agent May Become a Promising Antimicrobial Drug. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:652. [PMID: 39061334 PMCID: PMC11274207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Auranofin (AF) is a gold-based compound with a well-known pharmacological and toxicological profile, currently used in the treatment of some severe forms of rheumatoid arthritis. Over the last twenty years, AF has also been repurposed as antiviral, antitumor, and antibacterial drug. In this review we focused on the antibacterial properties of AF, specifically researching the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of AF in both mono- and diderm bacteria reported so far in literature. AF proves to be highly effective against monoderm bacteria, while diderm are far less susceptible, probably due to the outer membrane barrier. We also reported the current mechanistic hypotheses concerning the antimicrobial properties of AF, although a conclusive description of its antibacterial mode of action is not yet available. Even if its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated yet and further studies are required to optimize its delivery strategy, AF deserves additional investigation because of its unique mode of action and high efficacy against a wide range of pathogens, which could lead to potential applications in fighting antimicrobial resistance and improving therapeutic outcomes in infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Coscione
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Stefano Zineddu
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Valentina Vitali
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (S.Z.); (V.V.)
| | - Elena Perrin
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (F.C.); (M.F.)
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Jaradat N, Hawash M, Qaoud MT, Al-Maharik N, Qadi M, Hussein F, Issa L, Saleh A, Saleh L, Jadallah A. Biological, phytochemical and molecular docking characteristics of Laurus nobilis L. fresh leaves essential oil from Palestine. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:223. [PMID: 38851735 PMCID: PMC11162004 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The historical use of Laurus nobilis L., the plant is native to the Mediterranean region and has been cultivated for its aromatic leaves, which are used as a flavoring agent in cooking and for their potential therapeutic properties. METHODS The purpose of the current investigation was to characterize the essential oil composition of the fresh L. nobilis leaves from Palestine by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), p-nitrophenyl butyrate, and 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) methods were employed to estimate the antioxidant, antiobesity, and antidiabetic effects of the essential oil. While MTS assay were used to evaluate their antiproliferative activities on panels of cell lines. Moreover, the docking studies were aided by the Prime MM GBSA method for estimating binding affinities. RESULTS The GC-MS investigation demonstrated that the fresh L. nobilis leaves essential oil has a variety of chemicals, about 31 different biochemicals were identified, and the major compounds were 1,8-cineole (48.54 ± 0.91%), terpinyl acetate (13.46 ± 0.34%), and α-terpinyl (3.84 ± 0.35%). Furthermore, the investigated oil demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial and candidal strains and significantly inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cancerous cells more than the chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin. Furthermore, it contains robust DPPH free radicals, as well as porcine pancreatic α-amylase and lipase enzymes. Using the 1,8-cineole compound as the predominant biomolecule found in the L. nobilis essential oil, molecular docking studies were performed to confirm these observed fabulous results. The molecular docking simulations proposed that these recorded biological activities almost emanated from its high ability to form strong and effective hydrophobic interactions, this led to the getting of optimal fitting and interaction patterns within the binding sites of the applied crystallographic protein targets. CONCLUSION The results of these experiments showed that the fresh L. nobilis leaves essential oil has outstanding pharmacological capabilities, making this oil a potential source of natural medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal Jaradat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Mohammed Hawash
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine.
| | - Mohammed T Qaoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nawaf Al-Maharik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammad Qadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Fatimah Hussein
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Linda Issa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Laith Saleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Jadallah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Eltabeeb MA, Hamed RR, El-Nabarawi MA, Teaima MH, Hamed MIA, Darwish KM, Hassan M, Abdellatif MM. Nanocomposite alginate hydrogel loaded with propranolol hydrochloride kolliphor ® based cerosomes as a repurposed platform for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus-(MRSA)-induced skin infection; in-vitro, ex-vivo, in-silico, and in-vivo evaluation. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01611-z. [PMID: 38762697 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanocomposite alginate hydrogel containing Propranolol hydrochloride (PNL) cerosomes (CERs) was prepared as a repurposed remedy for topical skin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. CERs were formed via an ethanol injection technique using different ceramides, Kolliphores® as a surfactant, and Didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) as a positive charge inducer. CERs were optimized utilizing 13. 22 mixed-factorial design employing Design-Expert® software, the assessed responses were entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), and zeta potential (ZP). The optimum CER, composed of 5 mg DDAB, ceramide VI, and Kolliphor® RH40 showed tubular vesicles with EE% of 92.91 ± 0.98%, PS of 388.75 ± 18.99 nm, PDI of 0.363 ± 0.01, and ZP of 30.36 ± 0.69 mV. Also, it remained stable for 90 days and manifested great mucoadhesive aspects. The optimum CER was incorporated into calcium alginate to prepare nanocomposite hydrogel. The ex-vivo evaluation illustrated that PNL was permeated in a more prolonged pattern from PNL-loaded CERs nanocomposite related to PNL-composite, optimum CER, and PNL solution. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a perfect accumulation of fluorescein-labeled CERs in the skin. The in-silico investigation illustrated that the PNL was stable when mixed with other ingredients in the CERs and confirmed that PNL is a promising candidate for curing MRSA. Moreover, the PNL-loaded CERs nanocomposite revealed superiority over the PNL solution in inhibiting biofilm formation and eradication. The PNL-loaded CERs nanocomposite showed superiority over the PNL-composite for treating MRSA infection in the in-vivo mice model. Histopathological studies revealed the safety of the tested formulations. In conclusion, PNL-loaded CERs nanocomposite provided a promising, safe cure for MRSA bacterial skin infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moaz A Eltabeeb
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Raghda Rabe Hamed
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud H Teaima
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I A Hamed
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Khaled M Darwish
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, 43511, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Menna M Abdellatif
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Hanscheid T, Del Portal Luyten CR, Hermans SM, Grobusch MP. Repurposing of anti-malarial drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis: realistic strategy or fanciful dead end? Malar J 2024; 23:132. [PMID: 38702649 PMCID: PMC11067164 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug repurposing offers a strategic alternative to the development of novel compounds, leveraging the known safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of medications, such as linezolid and levofloxacin for tuberculosis (TB). Anti-malarial drugs, including quinolones and artemisinins, are already applied to other diseases and infections and could be promising for TB treatment. METHODS This review included studies on the activity of anti-malarial drugs, specifically quinolones and artemisinins, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), summarizing results from in vitro, in vivo (animal models) studies, and clinical trials. Studies on drugs not primarily developed for TB (doxycycline, sulfonamides) and any novel developed compounds were excluded. Analysis focused on in vitro activity (minimal inhibitory concentrations), synergistic effects, pre-clinical activity, and clinical trials. RESULTS Nineteen studies, including one ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial, were analysed: primarily investigating quinolones like mefloquine and chloroquine, and, to a lesser extent, artemisinins. In vitro findings revealed high MIC values for anti-malarials versus standard TB drugs, suggesting a limited activity. Synergistic effects with anti-TB drugs were modest, with some synergy observed in combinations with isoniazid or pyrazinamide. In vivo animal studies showed limited activity of anti-malarials against MTC, except for one study of the combination of chloroquine with isoniazid. CONCLUSIONS The repurposing of anti-malarials for TB treatment is limited by high MIC values, poor synergy, and minimal in vivo effects. Concerns about potential toxicity at effective dosages and the risk of antimicrobial resistance, especially where TB and malaria overlap, further question their repurposing. These findings suggest that focusing on novel compounds might be both more beneficial and rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hanscheid
- Instituto de Microbiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Claire Ruiz Del Portal Luyten
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine M Hermans
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Centre de Recherches Médicales en Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.
- Masanga Medical Research Unit (MMRU), Masanga, Sierra Leone.
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hossain S, Rafi RH, Ripa FA, Khan MRI, Hosen ME, Molla MKI, Faruqe MO, Al-Bari MAA, Das S. Modulating the antibacterial effect of the existing antibiotics along with repurposing drug metformin. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:190. [PMID: 38519821 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Owing to the extensive prevalence of resistant bacteria to numerous antibiotic classes, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a well-known hazard to world health. As an alternate approach in the field of antimicrobial drug discovery, repurposing the available medications which are also called antibiotic resistance breakers has been pursued for the treatment of infections with antimicrobial resistance pathogens. In this study, we used Haloperidol, Metformin and Hydroxychloroquine as repurposing drugs in in vitro (Antibacterial Antibiotic Sensitivity Test and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration-MIC) and in vivo (Shigellosis in Swiss albino mice) tests in combination with traditional antibiotics (Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, and Penicillin) against a group of AMR resistance bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Shigella boydii). After observing the results of the conducted in vitro experiments we studied the effects of the above non antibiotic drugs in combination with the said antibiotics. As an repurposing adjuvant antibiotic drug, Metformin exhibited noteworthy activity in almost all in vitro, in vivo and in silico tests (Zone of inhibition for 30 to 43 mm for E.coli in combination with Doxycycline; MIC value decreased 50 µM to 0.781 µM with Doxycycline on S. boydii).In rodents Doxycycline and Metformin showed prominent against Shigellosis in White blood cell count (6.47 ± 0.152 thousand/mm3) and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (10.5 ± 1.73 mm/hr). Our findings indicated that Metformin and Doxycycline combination has a crucial impact on Shigellosis. The molecular docking study was performed targeting the Acriflavine resistance protein B (AcrB) (PDB ID: 4CDI) and MexA protein (PDB ID: 6IOK) protein with Metformin (met8) drug which showed the highest binding energy with - 6.4 kcal/mol and - 5.5 kcal/mol respectively. Further, molecular dynamics simulation revealed that the docked complexes were relatively stable during the 100 ns simulation period. This study suggest Metformin and other experimented drugs can be used as adjuvants boost up antibiosis but further study is needed to find out the safety and efficacy of this non-antibiotic drug as potent antibiotic adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Somlal Das
- University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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Blanco-Cabra N, Alcàcer-Almansa J, Admella J, Arévalo-Jaimes BV, Torrents E. Nanomedicine against biofilm infections: A roadmap of challenges and limitations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1944. [PMID: 38403876 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are complex three-dimensional structures where sessile microbes are embedded in a polymeric extracellular matrix. Their resistance toward the host immune system as well as to a diverse range of antimicrobial treatments poses a serious health and development threat, being in the top 10 global public health threats declared by the World Health Organization. In an effort to combat biofilm-related microbial infections, several strategies have been developed to independently eliminate biofilms or to complement conventional antibiotic therapies. However, their limitations leave room for other treatment alternatives, where the application of nanotechnology to biofilm eradication has gained significant relevance in recent years. Their small size, penetration efficiency, and the design flexibility that they present makes them a promising alternative for biofilm infection treatment, although they also present set-backs. This review aims to describe the main possibilities and limitations of nanomedicine against biofilms, while covering the main aspects of biofilm formation and study, and the current therapies for biofilm treatment. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Alcàcer-Almansa
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Admella
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Betsy Verónica Arévalo-Jaimes
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy Group (BIAT), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Baindara P, Mandal SM. Gut-Antimicrobial Peptides: Synergistic Co-Evolution with Antibiotics to Combat Multi-Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1732. [PMID: 38136766 PMCID: PMC10740742 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to huge diversity and dynamic competition, the human gut microbiome produces a diverse array of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that play an important role in human health. The gut microbiome has an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis by the AMPs and by interacting with other human organs via established connections such as the gut-lung, and gut-brain axis. Additionally, gut AMPs play a synergistic role with other gut microbiota and antimicrobials to maintain gut homeostasis by fighting against multi-antibiotic resistance (MAR) bacteria. Further, conventional antibiotics intake creates a synergistic evolutionary pressure for gut AMPs, where antibiotics and gut AMPs fight synergistically against MAR. Overall, gut AMPs are evolving under a complex and highly synergistic co-evolutionary pressure created by the various interactions between gut microbiota, gut AMPs, and antibiotics; however, the complete mechanism is not well understood. The current review explores the synergistic action of gut AMPs and antibiotics along with possibilities to fight against MAR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Radiation Oncology, NextGen Precision Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Santi M. Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India;
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Ventero MP, Haro-Moreno JM, Molina-Pardines C, Sánchez-Bautista A, García-Rivera C, Boix V, Merino E, López-Pérez M, Rodríguez JC. Role of Relebactam in the Antibiotic Resistance Acquisition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: In Vitro Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1619. [PMID: 37998821 PMCID: PMC10668777 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows resistance to several antibiotics and often develops such resistance during patient treatment. OBJECTIVE Develop an in vitro model, using clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, to compare the ability of the imipenem and imipenem/relebactam to generate resistant mutants to imipenem and to other antibiotics. Perform a genotypic analysis to detect how the selective pressure changes their genomes. METHODS The antibiotics resistance was studied by microdilution assays and e-test, and the genotypic study was performed by NGS. RESULTS The isolates acquired resistance to imipenem in an average of 6 days, and to imipenem/relebactam in 12 days (p value = 0.004). After 30 days of exposure, 75% of the isolates reached a MIC > 64 mg/L for imipenem and 37.5% for imipenem/relebactam (p value = 0.077). The 37.5% and the 12.5% imipenem/relebactam mutants developed resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam and ceftazidime, respectively, while the 87.5% and 37.5% of the imipenem mutants showed resistance to these drugs (p value = 0.003, p value = 0.015). The main biological processes altered by the SNPs were the glycosylation pathway, transcriptional regulation, histidine kinase response, porins, and efflux pumps. DISCUSSION The addition of relebactam delays the generation of resistance to imipenem and limits the cross-resistance to other beta-lactams. The clinical relevance of this phenomenon, which has the limitation that it has been performed in vitro, should be evaluated by stewardship programs in clinical practice, as it could be useful in controlling multi-drug resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paz Ventero
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (A.S.-B.); (C.G.-R.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Jose M. Haro-Moreno
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Carmen Molina-Pardines
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (A.S.-B.); (C.G.-R.); (J.C.R.)
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonia Sánchez-Bautista
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (A.S.-B.); (C.G.-R.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Celia García-Rivera
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (A.S.-B.); (C.G.-R.); (J.C.R.)
| | - Vicente Boix
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Esperanza Merino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mario López-Pérez
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez
- Microbiology Department, Dr. Balmis University General Hospital, Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain; (M.P.V.); (A.S.-B.); (C.G.-R.); (J.C.R.)
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, División de Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Apartado 18, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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He Z, Yang H, Gu Y, Xie Y, Wu J, Wu C, Song J, Zhao M, Zong D, Du W, Qiao J, Pang Y, Liu Y. Green Synthesis of MOF-Mediated pH-Sensitive Nanomaterial AgNPs@ZIF-8 and Its Application in Improving the Antibacterial Performance of AgNPs. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:4857-4870. [PMID: 37662688 PMCID: PMC10473413 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s418308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Herein, an emerging drug delivery system was constructed based on zeolite imidazole backbone (ZIF-8) to improve antibacterial defects of nanosilver (AgNPs), such as easily precipitated and highly cytotoxic. Methods The homogeneous dispersion of AgNPs on ZIF-8 was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, and SEM. The appropriate AgNPs loading ratio on ZIF-8 was screened through the cell and antibacterial experiments based on biosafety and antibacterial performance. The optimal environment for AgNPs@ZIF-8 to exert antibacterial performance was probed in the context of bacterial communities under different acid-base conditions. The potential mechanism of AgNPs@ZIF-8 to inhibit the common clinical strains was investigated by observing the biofilm metabolic activity and the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in bacteria. Results The successful piggybacking of AgNPs by ZIF-8 was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential analysis, and SEM characterization methods. Based on the bacterial growth curve (0-24 hours), the antibacterial ability of AgNPs@ZIF-8 was found to be superior to AgNPs. When the mass ratio of ZIF-8 and AgNPs was 1:0.25, the selection of AgNPs@ZIF-8 was based on its superior antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced biocompatibility. Notably, under weakly acidic bacterial microenvironments (pH=6.4), AgNPs@ZIF-8 demonstrated a more satisfactory antibacterial effect. In addition, experiments on biofilms showed that concentrations of AgNPs@ZIF-8 exceeding 1×MIC resulted in more than 50% biofilm removal. The nanomedicine was found to increase ROS levels upon detecting the ROS concentration in bacteria. Conclusion Novel nanocomposites consisting of low cytotoxicity drug carrier ZIF-8 loaded with AgNPs exhibited enhanced antimicrobial effects compared to AgNPs alone. The pH-responsive nano drug delivery system, AgNPs@ZIF-8, exhibited superior antimicrobial activity in a mildly acidic environment. Moreover, AgNPs@ZIF-8 effectively eradicated pathogenic bacterial biofilms and elevated the intracellular level of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang He
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufan Gu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianan Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Song
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maofang Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da Zong
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Du
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaju Qiao
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Pang
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221004, People’s Republic of China
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Trifluoromethylcinnamanilide Michael Acceptors for Treatment of Resistant Bacterial Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315090. [PMID: 36499415 PMCID: PMC9737391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thirty-two anilides of 3-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 1) and 4-(trifluoromethyl)cinnamic acid (series 2) was prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis. All the compounds were tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644. (2E)-3-[3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1j), (2E)-N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]prop-2-enamide (1o) and (2E)-N-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]prop-2-enamide (2i), (2E)-N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-prop-2-enamide (2p) showed antistaphylococcal (MICs/MBCs 0.15-5.57 µM) as well as anti-enterococcal (MICs/MBCs 2.34-44.5 µM) activity. The growth of M. marinum was strongly inhibited by compounds 1j and 2p in a MIC range from 0.29 to 2.34 µM, while all the agents of series 1 showed activity against M. smegnatis (MICs ranged from 9.36 to 51.7 µM). The performed docking study demonstrated the ability of the compounds to bind to the active site of the mycobacterial enzyme InhA. The compounds had a significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial respiration, as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The compounds showed not only bacteriostatic activity but also bactericidal activity. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity screening was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 and, except for compound 2p, all effective agents did show insignificant cytotoxic effect. Compound 2p is an interesting anti-invasive agent with dual (cytotoxic and antibacterial) activity, while compounds 1j and 1o are the most interesting purely antibacterial compounds within the prepared molecules.
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Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Properties of New Tetracyclic Quinobenzothiazine Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315078. [PMID: 36499402 PMCID: PMC9736374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for modifying the structure of tetracyclic quinobenzothiazinium derivatives has been developed, allowing introduction of various substituents at different positions of the benzene ring. The method consists of reacting appropriate aniline derivatives with 5,12-(dimethyl)thioquinantrenediinium bis-chloride. A series of new quinobenzothiazine derivatives was obtained with propyl, allyl, propargyl and benzyl substituents in 9, 10 and 11 positions, respectively. The structure of the obtained compounds was analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR (HSQC, HMBC) and X-ray analysis. All the compounds were tested against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and representatives of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). In addition, all the compounds were evaluated in vitro against Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 700084 and M. marinum CAMP 5644. 9-Benzyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino [3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (6j), 9-propoxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (6a) and 9-allyloxy-5-methyl-12H-quino[3,4-b][1,4]benzothiazinium chloride (6d) demonstrated high activity against the entire tested microbial spectrum. The activities of the compounds were comparable with oxacillin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacinagainst staphylococcal strains and with rifampicin against both mycobacterial strains. Compound 6j had a significant effect on the inhibition of bacterial respiration as demonstrated by the MTT assay. The compounds showed not only bacteriostatic activity, but also bactericidal activity. Preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity screening of the compounds performed using normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) proved that the tested compounds showed an insignificant cytotoxic effect on human cells (IC50 > 37 µM), making these compounds interesting for further investigation. Moreover, the intermolecular similarity of novel compounds was analyzed in the multidimensional space (mDS) of the structure/property-related in silico descriptors by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), respectively. The distance-oriented structure/property distribution was related with the experimental lipophilic data.
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Jampilek J, Kralova K. Anticancer Applications of Essential Oils Formulated into Lipid-Based Delivery Nanosystems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122681. [PMID: 36559176 PMCID: PMC9781429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural compounds is becoming increasingly popular among patients, and there is a renewed interest among scientists in nature-based bioactive agents. Traditionally, herbal drugs can be taken directly in the form of teas/decoctions/infusions or as standardized extracts. However, the disadvantages of natural compounds, especially essential oils, are their instability, limited bioavailability, volatility, and often irritant/allergenic potential. However, these active substances can be stabilized by encapsulation and administered in the form of nanoparticles. This brief overview summarizes the latest results of the application of nanoemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers used as drug delivery systems of herbal essential oils or used directly for their individual secondary metabolites applicable in cancer therapy. Although the discussed bioactive agents are not typical compounds used as anticancer agents, after inclusion into the aforesaid formulations improving their stability and bioavailability and/or therapeutic profile, they indicated anti-tumor activity and became interesting agents with cancer treatment potential. In addition, co-encapsulation of essential oils with synthetic anticancer drugs into nanoformulations with the aim to achieve synergistic effect in chemotherapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Katarina Kralova
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Pindjakova D, Pilarova E, Pauk K, Michnova H, Hosek J, Magar P, Cizek A, Imramovsky A, Jampilek J. Study of Biological Activities and ADMET-Related Properties of Salicylanilide-Based Peptidomimetics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911648. [PMID: 36232947 PMCID: PMC9569995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eleven benzylated intermediates and eleven target compounds derived from salicylanilide were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 as reference strains and against three clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and three isolates of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis. In addition, the compounds were evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and M. smegmatis ATCC 700084. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1. The lipophilicity of the prepared compounds was experimentally determined and correlated with biological activity. The benzylated intermediates were found to be completely biologically inactive. Of the final eleven compounds, according to the number of amide groups in the molecule, eight are diamides, and three are triamides that were inactive. 5-Chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)- 4-(methylsulfanyl)-1-oxo-1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino}butan-2-yl]benzamide (3e) and 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S)-(4-methyl-1-oxo-1-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino)pentan-2-yl)benzamide (3f) showed the broadest spectrum of activity against all tested species/isolates comparable to the used standards (ampicillin and isoniazid). Six diamides showed high antistaphylococcal activity with MICs ranging from 0.070 to 8.95 μM. Three diamides showed anti-enterococcal activity with MICs ranging from 4.66 to 35.8 μM, and the activities of 3f and 3e against M. tuberculosis and M. smegmatis were MICs of 18.7 and 35.8 μM, respectively. All the active compounds were microbicidal. It was observed that the connecting linker between the chlorsalicylic and 4-CF3-anilide cores must be substituted with a bulky and/or lipophilic chain such as isopropyl, isobutyl, or thiabutyl chain. Anticancer activity on THP-1 cells IC50 ranged from 1.4 to >10 µM and increased with increasing lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Pindjakova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eliska Pilarova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Pauk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Michnova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hosek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, 621 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pratibha Magar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Imramovsky
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 530 09 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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