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Chen Y, Gao R, Fang J, Ding S. A review: Polysaccharides targeting mitochondria to improve obesity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134448. [PMID: 39102922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most important and widely used bioactive components of natural products, which can be used to treat metabolic diseases. Natural polysaccharides (NPs) have been the subject of much study and research in the field of treating obesity in recent years. Studies in the past have demonstrated that mitochondria are important for the initiation, progression, and management of obesity. Additionally, NPs have the ability to improve mitochondrial dysfunction via a variety of mechanisms. This review summarized the relationship between the structure of NPs and their anti-obesity activity, focusing on the anti-obesity effects of these compounds at the mitochondrial level. We discussed the association between the structure and anti-obesity action of NPs, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage, conformation and extraction methods. Furthermore, NPs can demonstrate a range of functions in adipose tissue, including but not limited to improving the mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain, inhibiting oxidative stress, and maintaining mitochondrial mass homeostasis. The purpose of this work is to acquire a thorough understanding of the function that mitochondria play in the anti-obesity effects of NPs and to offer fresh insights for the investigation of how NPs prevent obesity and the creation of natural anti-obesity medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Rong Gao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jun Fang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
| | - Sujuan Ding
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.
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Shen X, Yang H, Yang Y, Zhu X, Sun Q. The cellular and molecular targets of natural products against metabolic disorders: a translational approach to reach the bedside. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e664. [PMID: 39049964 PMCID: PMC11266934 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome, are characterized by insulin resistance, abnormalities in circulating cholesterol and lipid profiles, and hypertension. The most common pathophysiologies of metabolic disorders are glucose/lipid metabolism dysregulation, insulin resistance, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress. Although several agents have been approved for the treatment of metabolic disorders, there is still a strong demand for more efficacious drugs with less side effects. Natural products have been critical sources of drug research and discovery for decades. However, the usefulness of bioactive natural products is often limited by incomplete understanding of their direct cellular targets. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of the established and emerging molecular mechanisms of metabolic disorders. We further summarize the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of natural products on metabolic disorders, with highlights on their direct cellular targets, which are mainly implicated in the regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, metabolic inflammation, and oxidative stress. Finally, this review also covers the clinical studies of natural products in metabolic disorders. These progresses are expected to facilitate the application of these natural products and their derivatives in the development of novel drugs against metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Shen
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceHospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina
| | - Hongling Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Institute of NephrologySichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Centre for Kidney DiseasesChengduChina
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- The Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical GeneticsSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
| | - Qingxiang Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSichuan Provincial People's HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and TechnologyChengduChina
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Charvát V, Strnadová A, Myšková A, Sýkora D, Blechová M, Železná B, Kuneš J, Maletínská L, Pačesová A. Lipidized analogues of the anorexigenic CART (cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript) neuropeptide show anorexigenic and neuroprotective potential in mouse model of monosodium-glutamate induced obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2024:176864. [PMID: 39084452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigates the neuroprotective effects of lipidized analogues of 2-SS-CART(61-102) derived from anorexigenic neuropeptide cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in light of the link between obesity, its comorbidities, and the development of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS We introduce novel lipidized analogues derived from 2-SS-CART(61-102), a specific analogue of natural CART(61-102), with two disulfide bridges. Using hypothermic PC12 cells, we tested the effect of the most potent analogues on Tau phosphorylation. We further described the anorexigenic and neuroprotective potential of subcutaneously (SC) injected lipidized CARTp analogue in a mouse model with prediabetes and obesity induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) administration. RESULTS Compared to the non-lipidized 2-SS-CART(61-102), all lipidized analogues exhibited a potent binding affinity to PC12 cells and enhanced in vitro stability in rat plasma. Two most potent lipidized analogues attenuated hypothermia-induced Tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple epitopes. Subsequently, chronic SC treatment with palm-2-SS-CART(61-102) significantly decreased body weight and food intake, improved metabolic parameters, decreased level of pTau and increased neurogenesis in hippocampi of obese MSG mice CONCLUSION: Our unique CARTp analogue palm-2-SS-CART(61-102) shows promise as a potent anti-obesity and neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilém Charvát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Strnadová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Myšková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Blechová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Železná
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuneš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Maletínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Pačesová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wen X, Song Y, Zhang M, Kang Y, Chen D, Ma H, Nan F, Duan Y, Li J. Polyphenol Compound 18a Modulates UCP1-Dependent Thermogenesis to Counteract Obesity. Biomolecules 2024; 14:618. [PMID: 38927022 PMCID: PMC11201655 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies increasingly suggest that targeting brown/beige adipose tissues to enhance energy expenditure offers a novel therapeutic approach for treating metabolic diseases. Brown/beige adipocytes exhibit elevated expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is a thermogenic protein that efficiently converts energy into heat, particularly in response to cold stimulation. Polyphenols possess potential anti-obesity properties, but their pharmacological effects are limited by their bioavailability and distribution within tissue. This study discovered 18a, a polyphenol compound with a favorable distribution within adipose tissues, which transcriptionally activates UCP1, thereby promoting thermogenesis and enhancing mitochondrial respiration in brown adipocytes. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that 18a prevents high-fat-diet-induced weight gain and improves insulin sensitivity. Our research provides strong mechanistic evidence that UCP1 is a complex mediator of 18a-induced thermogenesis, which is a critical process in obesity mitigation. Brown adipose thermogenesis is triggered by 18a via the AMPK-PGC-1α pathway. As a result, our research highlights a thermogenic controlled polyphenol compound 18a and clarifies its underlying mechanisms, thus offering a potential strategy for the thermogenic targeting of adipose tissue to reduce the incidence of obesity and its related metabolic problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Wen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yufei Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Yiping Kang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Dandan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Hui Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Fajun Nan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Yanan Duan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
| | - Jingya Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 189 Guo Shou Jing Road, Shanghai 201203, China (F.N.)
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pandey V, Adhikrao PA, Motiram GM, Yadav N, Jagtap U, Kumar G, Paul A. Biaryl carboxamide-based peptidomimetics analogs as potential pancreatic lipase inhibitors for treating obesity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300503. [PMID: 38251950 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A series of 1,1'-biphenyl-3-carboxamide and furan-phenyl-carboxamide analogs were synthesized using an optimized scheme and confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. The synthesized peptidomimetics analogs were screened in vitro to understand the inhibitory potential of pancreatic lipase (PL). Analogs were assessed for the PL inhibitory activity based on interactions, geometric complementarity, and docking score. Among the synthesized analogs, 9, 29, and 24 were found to have the most potent PL inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 3.87, 4.95, and 5.34 µM, respectively, compared to that of the standard drug, that is, orlistat, which inhibits PL with an IC50 value of 0.99 µM. The most potent analog, 9, exhibited a competitive-type inhibition with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 2.72 µM. In silico molecular docking of analog 9 with the PL (PDB ID:1LPB) showed a docking score of -11.00 kcal/mol. Analog 9 formed crucial hydrogen bond interaction with Ser152, His263, π-cation interaction with Asp79, Arg256, and π-π stacking with Phe77, Tyr114 at the protein's active site. The molecular dynamic simulation confirmed that analog 9 forms stable interactions with PL at the end of 200 ns with root mean square deviation values of 2.5 and 6 Å. No toxicity was observed for analog 9 (concentration range of 1-20 µM) when tested by MTT assay in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Pandey
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Patil A Adhikrao
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Gudle M Motiram
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (Pilani Campus), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Utkarsh Jagtap
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (Pilani Campus), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Atish Paul
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (Pilani Campus), Pilani, Rajasthan, India
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Nikanorova AA, Barashkov NA, Pshennikova VG, Teryutin FM, Nakhodkin SS, Solovyev AV, Romanov GP, Burtseva TE, Fedorova SA. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) Levels in Humans Depending on Seasonal Air Temperature Changes: Is the Variation in FT3 Levels Related to Nonshivering Thermogenesis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14052. [PMID: 37762355 PMCID: PMC10531421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating normal development, growth, and metabolic function. However, the controversy surrounding seasonal changes in free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels remains unresolved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of variations in FT3 levels in relation to seasonal air temperatures in the context of current knowledge about its role in nonshivering thermogenesis. Ten eligible articles with a total of 336,755 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The studies were categorized into two groups based on the air temperature: "Cold winter", where the winter temperature fell below 0 °C, and "Warm winter", where the winter temperature was above 0 °C. The analysis revealed that in cold regions, FT3 levels decreased in winter compared to summer (I2 = 57%, p < 0.001), whereas in warm regions, FT3 levels increased during winter (I2 = 28%, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that seasonal variations in FT3 levels are likely to be influenced by the winter temperature. Considering the important role of the FT3 in the nonshivering thermogenesis process, we assume that this observed pattern is probably related to the differences in use of thyroid hormones in the brown adipose tissue during adaptive thermogenesis, which may depend on intensity of cold exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A. Nikanorova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Nikolay A. Barashkov
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Vera G. Pshennikova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Fedor M. Teryutin
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Sergey S. Nakhodkin
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Aisen V. Solovyev
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Georgii P. Romanov
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Tatiana E. Burtseva
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
| | - Sardana A. Fedorova
- Yakut Science Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yaroslavskogo 6/3, 677000 Yakutsk, Russia; (A.A.N.); (V.G.P.); (F.M.T.); (T.E.B.); (S.A.F.)
- M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Kulakovskogo 46, 677013 Yakutsk, Russia; (S.S.N.); (A.V.S.); (G.P.R.)
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