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Nojomi M, Rezapour M, Azar NS, Darabi M, Asadi-Aliabadi M. Patterns of Health-related Quality of Life in Men Who Inject Drugs: A Survey in Southeast Iran. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:148-156. [PMID: 38576200 PMCID: PMC10999300 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Understanding patterns of quality of life in people who inject drugs (PWID) can help healthcare providers plan and manage their health problems in a more focused manner. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify patterns of health-related quality of life in PWID in southeast Iran. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in southeast Iran on men who had injected drugs at least once during the last year. We used convenience sampling in 2 drop-in centers and venue-based sampling at 85 venues. Demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, and health-related quality of life were evaluated using the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was used to identify patterns of quality of life. RESULTS This study enrolled 398 PWID, who had a mean age of 34.1±11.4 years. About 47.9% reported a prison history in the last 10 years, 59.2% had injected drugs in the last month, and 31.6% had a history of sharing syringes. About 46.3% reported having 2 or more sexual partners in the last 6 months, and 14.7% had a history of sex with men. Out of the 5 EQ-5D-5L profiles, the fifth profile had the most people (36.6%). Most variations in quality of life were related to pain and discomfort. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the pain and discomfort dimension of EQ-5D-5L had more variation in PWID. This finding will be useful for allocating appropriate interventions and resources to promote health-related quality of life in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Nojomi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maysam Rezapour
- Amol Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimanvandi Azar
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Darabi
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Armoon B, Bayat AH, Bayani A, Mohammadi R, Ahounbar E, Fakhri Y. Quality of life and its associated factors among patients with substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2022.2069612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Armoon
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossien Bayat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Azadeh Bayani
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Ahounbar
- Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Orygen, The National Center of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Center for Youth Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Yadollah Fakhri
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Mulroy E, Baschieri F, Magrinelli F, Latorre A, Cortelli P, Bhatia KP. Movement Disorders and Liver Disease. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2021; 8:828-842. [PMID: 34401403 PMCID: PMC8354085 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of movement disorders with structural or functional hepatic disease occurs in three principal scenarios: (1) combined involvement of both organ systems from a single disease entity, (2) nervous system dysfunction resulting from exposure to toxic compounds in the setting of defective hepatic clearance, or (3) hepatic and/or neurological injury secondary to exposure to exogenous drugs or toxins. An important early step in the workup of any patient with combined movement disorders and liver disease is the exclusion of Wilson's disease. Diagnostic delay remains common for this treatable disorder, and this has major implications for patient outcomes. Thereafter, a structured approach integrating variables such as age of onset, tempo of progression, nature and severity of liver involvement, movement disorder phenomenology, exposure to drugs/toxins and laboratory/neuroimaging findings is key to ensuring timely diagnosis and disease‐specific therapy. Herein, we provide an overview of disorders which may manifest with a combination of movement disorders and liver disease, structured under the three headings as detailed above. In each section, the most common disorders are discussed, along with important clinical pearls, suggested diagnostic workup, differential diagnoses and where appropriate, treatment considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Mulroy
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Baschieri
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Magrinelli
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom.,Department of Neurosciences Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona Verona Italy
| | - Anna Latorre
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
| | - Pietro Cortelli
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna Bologna Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie Università di Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Kailash P Bhatia
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology London United Kingdom
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Rashidi A, Higgs P, Carruthers S. Aboriginal people with chronic HCV: The role of community health nurses for improving health-related quality of life. Collegian 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Concurrent Alcohol and Opioid Use Among Harm Reduction Clients. Addict Behav 2020; 100:106027. [PMID: 31683186 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Harm reduction services infrequently address alcohol use among clients using opioids, despite the evaluated risk of overdose or medical consequences for clients with viral infections. The purpose of this study is to assess concurrent alcohol and opioid use among syringe services and overdose prevention program participants predominately in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using self-report data (n = 1,142) pooled across regional overdose prevention programs and a mobile syringe services program. The outcome variable was concurrent use categorized as no concurrent alcohol, prescription opioid or heroin use; alcohol and heroin or prescription opioid use; and alcohol, prescription opioid and heroin use in the past three months. RESULTS The sample was predominantly white (95%), 56% were male and the mean age was 33 years old. Forty-seven percent of the clients had no concurrent use of alcohol and opioids; 20.1% reported concurrent use of alcohol and either heroin or prescription opioids; and 33.4% reported concurrent use of alcohol, heroin and prescription opioids in the past 3 months. Lifetime suicidal ideation and non-opioid drug use were associated with concurrent alcohol and opioid use in the multivariable model. CONCLUSION Harm reduction clients with concurrent alcohol and opioid use may warrant enhanced overdose prevention services. Syringe services and overdose prevention program participants may benefit from education or a brief intervention on alcohol consumption.
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Pelullo CP, Curcio F, Auriemma F, Cefalo G, Fabozzi A, Rossiello R, Spagnoli L, Attena F. The Discrimination Against, Health Status and Wellness of People Who Use Drugs in Italian Services: A Survey. MEDICINA-LITHUANIA 2019; 55:medicina55100662. [PMID: 31575011 PMCID: PMC6843327 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55100662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aims of this study are to: describe the sociodemographic characteristics and typology of drug addiction among people who use drugs that attend the Servizio per le Dipendenze (SerD), and evaluate the competence and ability of these rehabilitation services to improve their health status and wellness. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to July 2017. Patients attending two selected SerD facilities in the city of Naples, Italy were interviewed with a questionnaire gathering information on sociodemographic data, characteristics of drug addiction, characteristics of enrolment at the SerD, self-reported health status and wellness, and reports of the discrimination suffered. Results: Among the 451 people interviewed, 72.3% had started taking drugs by the age of 20, and half of them have used drugs within the last year. 54.5% of responders attended SerD for more than 10 years, and the two main reasons for attendance were to get help and to get methadone. 79.4% were declared to have a good/very good/excellent health status at the time of interviewing. 53.7% reported suffering from discrimination. Conclusions: Based on our study, discrimination is higher in participants who attended SerD for more than one year, who were formerly in prison, or who were current drug users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Paola Pelullo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Fabio Curcio
- Servizio per le Dipendenze, DS 25, ASLNA1, Uscita sottopasso G.B. Marino, 80125 Naples, Itlay.
| | - Francesco Auriemma
- Servizio per le Dipendenze, DS 25, ASLNA1, Uscita sottopasso G.B. Marino, 80125 Naples, Itlay.
| | - Giuseppe Cefalo
- Servizio per le Dipendenze, DS 29, ASLNA1, via Fontanelle 66, 80136 Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Fabozzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Rossiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Laura Spagnoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Attena
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luciano Armanni 5, 80138 Naples, Italy.
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Irvin R, Chander G, Falade-Nwulia O, Astemborski J, Starbird L, Kirk GD, Sulkowski MS, Thomas DL, Mehta SH. Overlapping epidemics of alcohol and illicit drug use among HCV-infected persons who inject drugs. Addict Behav 2019; 96:56-61. [PMID: 31035079 PMCID: PMC6718047 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in people who inject drugs (PWID) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection accelerates liver disease progression. This paper describes the prevalence and associated correlates of alcohol use among HCV antibody positive PWID. METHODS In a large cohort of HCV antibody positive PWID (N = 1623) followed from 2005 to 2013, we characterized alcohol use using the AUDIT-C. We used multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimated equations to examine socio-demographic, clinical, and substance use correlates of alcohol use. RESULTS At their initial visit, 41% reported no, 21% reported moderate, and 38% reported heavy alcohol use. The odds of moderate and heavy alcohol use increased with greater intensity of substance use represented by a composite summary variable which ranged from 0 to 3 substances (street-acquired prescription drugs, non-injection cocaine/heroin, and injection drugs) used. Compared to those who used no drugs, those who used 3 substances had 3.71 odds (95% CI: 3.07-4.48) of moderate alcohol use and 3.65 odds (95% CI: 3.20-4.16) of heavy alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of moderate/heavy alcohol use is high among HCV antibody positive PWID and occurs frequently in combination with other drug use. This may contribute to progressive liver fibrosis thus limiting the gains achieved from HCV cure. Public health interventions need to address the overlapping epidemics of HCV, alcohol use, and other substance use in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risha Irvin
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Geetanjali Chander
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Falade-Nwulia
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacquie Astemborski
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Laura Starbird
- Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gregory D Kirk
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark S Sulkowski
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David L Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shruti H Mehta
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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The Effect of Matrix Model on Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Methamphetamine Users and Their Caregivers. ADDICTIVE DISORDERS & THEIR TREATMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1097/adt.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Treating Opioid Dependence with Buprenorphine in the Safety Net: Critical Learning from Clinical Data. J Behav Health Serv Res 2018; 44:351-363. [PMID: 28488155 DOI: 10.1007/s11414-017-9553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research has examined the safety, efficacy, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid dependence, but few studies have examined patient and provider experiences, especially in community health centers. Using de-identified electronic health record system (EHRS) data from 70 OCHIN community health centers (n = 1825), this cross-sectional analysis compared the demographics, comorbidities, and service utilization of patients receiving buprenorphine to those not receiving medication-assisted treatment (MAT). Compared to non-MAT patients, buprenorphine patients were younger and less likely to be Hispanic or live in poverty. Buprenorphine patients were less likely to have Medicaid insurance coverage, more likely to self-pay, and have private insurance coverage. Buprenorphine patients were less likely to have problem medical comorbidities or be coprescribed high-risk medications. It is important for providers, clinic administrators, and patients to understand the clinical application of medications for opioid dependence to ensure safe and effective care within safety net clinics.
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Abraham AJ, Andrews CM, Grogan CM, Pollack HA, D'Aunno T, Humphreys K, Friedmann PD. State-Targeted Funding and Technical Assistance to Increase Access to Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder. Psychiatr Serv 2018; 69:448-455. [PMID: 29241428 PMCID: PMC6703818 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201700196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As the United States grapples with an opioid epidemic, expanding access to effective treatment for opioid use disorder is a major public health priority. Identifying effective policy tools that can be used to expand access to care is critically important. This article examines the relationship between state-targeted funding and technical assistance and adoption of three medications for treating opioid use disorder: oral naltrexone, injectable naltrexone, and buprenorphine. METHODS This study draws from the 2013-2014 wave of the National Drug Abuse Treatment System Survey, a nationally representative, longitudinal study of substance use disorder treatment programs. The sample includes data from 695 treatment programs (85.5% response rate) and representatives from single-state agencies in 49 states and Washington, D.C. (98% response rate). Logistic regression was used to examine the relationships of single-state agency targeted funding and technical assistance to availability of opioid use disorder medications among treatment programs. RESULTS State-targeted funding was associated with increased program-level adoption of oral naltrexone (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=3.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.49-6.60, p=.004) and buprenorphine (AOR=2.47, 95% CI=1.31-4.67, p=.006). Buprenorphine adoption was also correlated with state technical assistance to support medication provision (AOR=1.18, 95% CI=1.00-1.39, p=.049). CONCLUSIONS State-targeted funding for medications may be a viable policy lever for increasing access to opioid use disorder medications. Given the historically low rates of opioid use disorder medication adoption in treatment programs, single-state agency targeted funding is a potentially important tool to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with opioid disorders and misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Abraham
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Christina M Andrews
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Colleen M Grogan
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Harold A Pollack
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas D'Aunno
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Keith Humphreys
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
| | - Peter D Friedmann
- Dr. Abraham is with the Department of Public Administration and Policy, University of Georgia, Athens. Dr. Andrews is with the College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia. Dr. Grogan and Dr. Pollack are with the School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago, Chicago. Dr. D'Aunno is with the Wagner Graduate School of Public Service, New York University, New York. Dr. Humphreys is with the School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. Dr. Friedmann is with the Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts-Baystate and Baystate State Health System, Springfield, Massachusetts
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Daigre C, Grau-López L, Rodríguez-Cintas L, Ros-Cucurull E, Sorribes-Puertas M, Esculies O, Bones-Rocha K, Roncero C. The role of dual diagnosis in health-related quality of life among treatment-seeking patients in Spain. Qual Life Res 2017; 26:3201-3209. [PMID: 28786018 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-017-1668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The comorbidity of any substance use disorder and another mental disorder is defined as dual diagnosis. Dual diagnosis is very common and clinical and therapeutic consequences have been described. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) according to clinical characteristics and psychiatric comorbidities in patients with substance dependence. METHODS A total of 1276 substance-dependent patients seeking treatment were recruited. HRQoL was evaluated by the Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The SCID-I, SCID-II and Conners' adult ADHD diagnostic interview were used to evaluate dual diagnosis. A visual analogue scale was used to measure craving. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and correction for multiple tests was conducted. RESULTS Substance-dependent patients had impaired quality of life, especially in the mental component. SF-36 physical and mental component scores were 47.7 ± 10.9 and 36.1 ± 14.1, respectively. Furthermore, 65% of the patients had dual diagnosis, 51% had an Axis I DSM-IV-TR mental disorder and 35% had some personality disorder. Impaired physical quality of life was independently associated with medical condition, age, being female, depressive disorder and anxiety disorder. Depression disorder, any personality disorder, active consumption last month, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorder, suicide attempt were independently associated with worse mental quality of life. CONCLUSION These findings emphasize the significance of dual diagnosis in the impairment of HRQoL in substance-dependent patients, particularly with regard to mental component. In addicted patients with low scores on SF-36, psychiatric comorbidity should be evaluated and treated in an integrated approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Daigre
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lara Grau-López
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Rodríguez-Cintas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Ros-Cucurull
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Sorribes-Puertas
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Katia Bones-Rocha
- Faculty of Psychology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roncero
- Addiction and Dual Diagnosis Unit, Psychiatry Deparment, Vall d' Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Agencia de Salud Pública de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Scott N, Carrotte ER, Higgs P, Stoové MA, Aitken CK, Dietze PM. Longitudinal changes in personal wellbeing in a cohort of people who inject drugs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178474. [PMID: 28562646 PMCID: PMC5451053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To determine whether the self-reported personal wellbeing of a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) changes over time, and to identify longitudinal correlates of change. Methods We used Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) scores reported between April 2008 and February 2015 by 757 PWID (66% male) enrolled in the Melbourne Injecting Drug Use Cohort Study (2,862 interviews; up to seven follow-up waves). A mixed-effects model was used to identify correlations between changes in temporal variables and changes in individual PWI scores while controlling for demographic variables. Results The cohort’s mean PWI score did not significantly differ over time (between 54.4/100 and 56.7/100 across the first four interview waves), and was 25–28% lower than general Australian population scores (76.0/100). However, there were large variations in individuals’ PWI scores between interviews. Increased psychological distress, moving into unstable accommodation, reporting intentional overdose in the past 12 months and being the victim of assault in the past six months were associated with declines in PWI scores. Conclusions Participants experienced substantially lower levels of personal wellbeing than the general Australian population, influenced by experiences of psychological distress, assault, overdose and harms related to low socioeconomic status. The results of this study suggest a need to ensure referral to appropriate housing and health support services for PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Scott
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Peter Higgs
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Mark A. Stoové
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Campbell K. Aitken
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul M. Dietze
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Grazioli VS, Collins SE, Paroz S, Graap C, Daeppen JB. Six-month outcomes among socially marginalized alcohol and drug users attending a drop-in center allowing alcohol consumption. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2017; 41:65-73. [PMID: 28104548 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their experience of substance-related harm, few socially marginalized alcohol and other drug (AOD) users access substance use treatment. Thus, identifying alternative approaches for this population is important. This program evaluation documented substance use and health-related quality of life (QoL) following exposure to such an alternative approach: a harm-reduction drop-in center allowing alcohol consumption onsite. METHODS Participants (N=85) were socially marginalized AOD users (e.g., alcohol, heroin) attending a harm-reduction drop-in center in the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Time and drop-in center attendance were predictors of substance-use outcomes and mental and physical health-related QoL, which were measured at baseline, 1- and 6-month follow-ups. RESULTS Findings indicated that, for each month of the evaluation, participants' alcohol use and related problems decreased by 5% and 7%, respectively. Drop-in center attendance predicted additional decreases in drug-related problem severity and improvements in mental health-related QoL. CONCLUSION Participants' alcohol use and related problems decreased over time. Additionally, participants evinced improved mental health-related QoL and decreased drug-related problem severity with greater drop-in center attendance. Harm-reduction drop-in centers allowing alcohol consumption onsite are promising interventions for socially marginalized AOD users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique S Grazioli
- University of Lausanne, Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland; University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Susan E Collins
- University of Washington-Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sophie Paroz
- University of Lausanne, Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Graap
- University of Lausanne, Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Bernard Daeppen
- University of Lausanne, Alcohol Treatment Centre, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Spence AL, Guerin GF, Goeders NE. The differential effects of alprazolam and oxazepam on methamphetamine self-administration in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; 166:209-17. [PMID: 27485488 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine is the second most commonly used illicit drug in the world, and despite recent attempts by the Drug Enforcement Administration to combat this epidemic, methamphetamine use is still on the rise. As methamphetamine use increases so does polydrug use, particularly that involving methamphetamine and benzodiazepines. The present study was designed to examine the effects of two benzodiazepines on methamphetamine self-administration. METHODS Five doses of methamphetamine (0.0075, 0.015, 0.03, 0.09, and 0.12mg/kg/infusion) were tested, producing an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. Rats were then pretreated with oxazepam, alprazolam, or vehicle prior to methamphetamine self-administration. To determine if the effects of these drugs were due to the GABAA receptor and/or translocator protein (TSPO), we also pretreated rats with an antagonist for the benzodiazepine-binding site on the GABAA receptor (i.e., flumazenil) and a TSPO antagonist (i.e., PK11195) prior to alprazolam or oxazepam administration. RESULTS Oxazepam significantly reduced methamphetamine self-administration as demonstrated by a downward shift of the dose-response curve. In contrast, alprazolam significantly enhanced methamphetamine self-administration as evidenced by a leftward shift of the dose-response curve. Flumazenil completely blocked the effects of alprazolam on methamphetamine self-administration. When administered individually, both flumazenil and PK11195 partially reversed the effects of oxazepam on methamphetamine self-administration. However, when these two antagonists were combined, the effects of oxazepam were completely reversed. CONCLUSIONS The GABAA receptor is responsible for the alprazolam-induced enhancement of methamphetamine self-administration, while the activation of both the GABAA receptor and TSPO are responsible for the oxazepam-induced reduction of methamphetamine self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allyson L Spence
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States.
| | - Glenn F Guerin
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
| | - Nicholas E Goeders
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center - Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
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Health, perceived quality of life and health services use among homeless illicit drug users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 154:139-45. [PMID: 26188997 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug misuse has been identified as a significant problem in homeless populations. This study examines aspects of physical and mental health, perceived quality of life and health service use among homeless illicit drug users and compares these to non-drug users. METHODS Participants were recruited through health clinics across Dublin. A questionnaire assessed participants' drug use, health and well-being, health behaviours and use of health services. Descriptive statistics are presented for the entire cohort and drug users separately. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between drug use and (i) multimorbidity, (ii) anxiety and/or depression, (iii) perceived quality of life and (iv) use of health services. RESULTS Of 105 participants recruited, 35 (33%) were current drug users. Current and previous drug users were significantly more likely to have multimorbidity than those who had never taken drugs (OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.00-23.66). There was no significant difference between drug users and non-drug users in the prevalence of anxiety and/or depression. Drug users were five times more likely than non-drug users to have a low perceived quality of life (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.7-16.0). Health service utilization was high, although some services were used less by drug users (e.g., dentist and psychiatric outpatient services) while others were used more often (e.g., phoneline services and day care centres). CONCLUSION This study highlights the high levels of drug use in this population and the negative impact of drug use on health and perceived quality of life of a homeless population in Dublin.
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16
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Marcon SR, Xavier JS, Barcelon AA, Espinosa MM, Barbosa DA. Correlation between depressive symptoms and quality of life in users of psychoactive substances. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0080-623420140000400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the correlation between the presence of depressive symptoms and quality of life in users of psychoactive substances from Psychosocial Attention Centers in Mato Grosso. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study, conducted in Psychosocial Attention Centers, with 109 users. The instruments used were: Medical Outcomes Study 36, Beck Depression Inventory, socio-demographic variables and the use of psychoactive substances. A Tukey analysis and a Spearman correlation were conducted with a significance level of α<0,05. Results: The most affected domains of quality of life were emotional, social and mental health aspects, besides the strong correlation between depressive symptoms and quality of life. Conclusion: The use of psychoactive substances and the presence of symptoms significantly interfere in the life of users, which can compromise the motivation to the treatment, negatively affecting the quality of life in this population.
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Ciketic S, Hayatbakhsh R, McKetin R, Doran CM, Najman JM. Cost-effectiveness of counselling as a treatment option for methamphetamine dependence. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2014.900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Miller PG, Hyder S, Zinkiewicz L, Droste N, Harris JB. Comparing subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of Australian drug users in treatment in regional and rural Victoria. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:651-7. [PMID: 24602061 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS The aim of this study is to examine the self-reported subjective well-being and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of alcohol and other drug users and to examine whether subjective well-being in this sample would be predicted by either HRQOL and/or severity of dependence. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted of 201 Victorian substance users in individual targeted outpatient treatment for a variety of types of substance use. Participants were administered an interview, including the personal well-being index, the SF-8 health survey and the severity of dependence scale, in order to assess subjective well-being, the mental health component of HRQOL and severity of drug dependence respectively. RESULTS Subjective well-being was predicted by mental health aspects of HRQOL (sr(2) = 0.03) and by employment (sr(2) = 0.05), rather than by severity of dependence [F(5, 146) = 5.60, P < 0.001, R(2) = 0.14]. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The current sample of urban and regional substance users in outpatient treatment shows poorer levels of subjective well-being than do the general population. Subjective well-being was predicted by mental aspects of HRQOL and not by severity of drug dependence or by physical aspects of HRQOL. Treatment which aims to improve substance users' well-being should include mental health interventions and pathways to employment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Miller
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Ghasemi A, Rahimi Foroshani A, Kheibar N, Latifi M, Khanjani N, Eshagh Afkari M, Taghdisi MH, Ghasemi F, Shojaeizadeh D, Dastoorpour M. Effects of family-centered empowerment model based education program on quality of life in methamphetamine users and their families. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2014; 16:e13375. [PMID: 24829765 PMCID: PMC4005427 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays there are more concerns about drug treatment of methamphetamine abusers whereas quality of life (QOL) related supportive psychotherapy is less credited. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the effects of family-centered empowerment model on social support and QOL of methamphetamine users and their families. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a randomized clinical trial; individuals were randomly allocated to three groups: a group for educating methamphetamine users in recovery (95 subjects), a group for educating a family member of methamphetamine users in recovery (95 subjects) and a control group (95 subjects). Data collecting instruments were standard questionnaires of social support and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Data were analyzed using χ2-test, t-test, paired t-test, Pearson's correlation and ANOVA. RESULTS Mean scores of QOL and social support dimensions changed significantly in two intervention groups (P < 0.0001), but didn't change in the control group (P > 0.05). Also, there was a positive significant relation (P < 0.05) between total social support and all dimensions of QOL for all study groups. CONCLUSIONS Family-centered empowerment model, easily adapted to methamphetamine users and their families, leads to improved social supports and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Ghasemi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, IR Iran
| | - Abbass Rahimi Foroshani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Nasrin Kheibar
- Department of Nursing, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Behbahan, IR Iran
| | - Marziye Latifi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
- Department of Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Davoud Shojaeizadeh
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpour
- Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Maryam Dastoorpour, Research Center for Modeling in Health, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel: +98-3413205090, Fax: +98-3413205134, E-mail:
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Fu TST, Tuan YC, Yen MY, Wu WH, Huang CW, Chen WT, Li CSR, Lee TSH. Psychometric properties of the World Health Organization Quality Of Life Assessment-Brief in methadone patients: a validation study in northern Taiwan. Harm Reduct J 2013; 10:37. [PMID: 24325611 PMCID: PMC4029077 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7517-10-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of life (QOL) is an important outcome measure in the treatment of heroin addiction. The Taiwan version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment (WHOQOL-BREF [TW]) has been developed and studied in various groups, but not specifically in a population of injection drug users. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-BREF (TW) in a sample of injection drug users undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. Methods A total of 553 participants were interviewed and completed the instrument. Item-response distributions, internal consistency, corrected item-domain correlation, criterion-related validity, and construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis were evaluated. Results The frequency distribution of the 4 domains of the WHOQOL-BREF (TW) showed no floor or ceiling effects. The instrument demonstrated adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were higher than 0.7 across the 4 domains) and all items had acceptable correlation with the corresponding domain scores (r = 0.32-0.73). Correlations (p < 0.01) of the 4 domains with the 2 benchmark items assessing overall QOL and general health were supportive of criterion-related validity. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded marginal goodness-of-fit between the 4-domain model and the sample data. Conclusions The hypothesized WHOQOL-BREF measurement model was appropriate for the injection drug users after some adjustments. Despite different patterns found in the confirmatory factor analysis, the findings overall suggest that the WHOQOL-BREF (TW) is a reliable and valid measure of QOL among injection drug users and can be utilized in future treatment outcome studies. The factor structure provided by the study also helps to understand the QOL characteristics of the injection drug users in Taiwan. However, more research is needed to examine its test-retest reliability and sensitivity to changes due to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tony Szu-Hsien Lee
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No, 162, He-ping East Road, Section 1, Taipei 10610, Taiwan.
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Ciketic S, McKetin R, Doran CM, Najman JM, Veerman JL, Hayatbakhsh RM. Health-related quality of life (HRQL) among methamphetamine users in treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/17523281.2012.713390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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McDonald SA, Hutchinson SJ, Palmateer NE, Allen E, Cameron SO, Goldberg DJ, Taylor A. Decrease in health-related quality of life associated with awareness of hepatitis C virus infection among people who inject drugs in Scotland. J Hepatol 2013; 58:460-6. [PMID: 23149064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can significantly reduce health-related quality of life (QoL), but it is not clear if reduction is associated with the infection or with being aware of one's infection status. Understanding the impact of a HCV diagnosis on QoL is essential to inform decision-making regarding screening/testing and treatment. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, we assessed QoL in 2898 people who inject drugs (PWID), surveyed in Scotland during 2010 using EQ-5D. Multifactorial regression compared self-reported QoL between PWID who were (i) chronically HCV-infected and aware of their infected status, (ii) chronically HCV-infected but unaware, and (iii) not chronically infected. RESULTS Median time since onset of injecting was 10years; not chronically infected PWID were younger and had shorter injecting careers than chronically infected PWID. Median EQ-5D was highest for the not chronically infected and the chronic/unaware groups (0.73) compared with the chronic/aware group (0.66). After adjustment for demographic and behavioural co-factors, QoL was significantly reduced in chronic/aware compared with chronic/unaware PWID (adjusted B=-0.09, p=0.005); there was no evidence for a difference in QoL between not chronically infected and chronic/unaware PWID (adjusted B=-0.03, p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Awareness of one's chronic HCV status was associated with reduced health-related QoL, but there was no evidence for further reduction attributable to chronic infection itself after adjusting for important covariate differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A McDonald
- Health Protection Scotland, Meridian Court, 5 Cadogan Street, Glasgow G2 6QE, Scotland, UK.
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Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S. Alcohol, HIV/AIDS, and Liver Disease. ALCOHOL, NUTRITION, AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES 2013. [PMCID: PMC7122083 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-047-2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Globally, there are over 33 million persons living with HIV/AIDS resulting in 1.8 million deaths annually. While the rate of HIV transmission is slowing, it is estimated that 2.6 million new infections occur yearly [1]. In the United States, there are approximately 1.2 million living with HIV/AIDS, with 50,000 new HIV infections and 17,000 deaths from the disease annually [2]. For those who can obtain effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV/AIDS has become a chronic disease with life expectancies over 30 years [3]. Research in the last 10 years has revealed the importance of alcohol in the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Alcohol use, in moderate or hazardous amounts, has been associated with increased acquisition of HIV infection, progression of HIV infection, deleterious effects on HIV treatment, and acceleration in the comorbidities of HIV infection [4–9]. Yet alcohol remains the “forgotten drug” of the HIV/AIDS epidemic [10].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ross Watson
- Arizona Health Science Center, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public, University of Arizona, 1501 N. Campbell Ave. ROOM 4335, TUCSON, 85724-5155 Arizona USA
| | - Victor R. Preedy
- Dept. Nutrition & Dietetics, King's College, Stamford St. 150, London, SE1 9NH United Kingdom
| | - Sherma Zibadi
- Division of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel and Enid Zuckerman, University of Arizona, 1295 N. Martin Avenue, Tucson, 85724 Arizona USA
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Colpaert K, De Maeyer J, Broekaert E, Vanderplasschen W. Impact of addiction severity and psychiatric comorbidity on the quality of life of alcohol-, drug- and dual-dependent persons in residential treatment. Eur Addict Res 2013; 19:173-83. [PMID: 23257413 DOI: 10.1159/000343098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance users' quality of life (QoL) is influenced by several variables, including psychiatric comorbidity and addiction severity. Thus far, the impact of the type of dependence (alcohol, drug or dual dependence) remains unclear. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate QoL in a clinical sample of alcohol-, drug- and dual-dependent patients and to assess the independent impact of psychiatric comorbidity, addiction severity and type of dependence on QoL. METHODS Face-to-face interviews with 274 patients admitted to residential substance abuse treatment were conducted using the European Addiction Severity Index (EuropASI), the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Assessment of Personality Disorders self-report questionnaire. RESULTS Multivariate analyses showed that anxiety, mood or personality disorder, employment status and the severity rating on the EuropASI domain alcohol use were associated with overall QoL. Gender, anxiety disorder and the severity ratings on the EuropASI domains alcohol use, drug use, physical health and emotional and psychological health were associated with overall perception of health. CONCLUSION Addiction severity and psychiatric comorbidity explained the greatest amount of QoL variance, whereas the type of dependence did not play a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Colpaert
- Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, BE–9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Abstract
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After participating in this educational activity, the reader should be better able to identify the instruments that are currently being used to measure quality of life (QoL) in alcohol abuse and dependence; determine the impact of alcohol abuse and dependence on QoL; and evaluate the impact of treating alcohol abuse and dependence on QoL. OBJECTIVE Quality of life, which consists of the physical, mental, and social domains, has been shown to be negatively affected by alcohol abuse and dependence. This review aims to examine QoL in alcohol abuse and dependence by reviewing the instruments used to measure it and by analyzing the impact of alcohol abuse and dependence and of treatment on QoL. METHODS Studies were identified using a database search of PubMed and PsycINFO from the past 40 years (1971-2011) using the following keywords: abuse OR dependence, OR use AND alcohol, AND Quality of Life, QoL, Health-related quality of life, HRQOL. Two authors agreed independently on including 50 studies that met specific selection criteria. RESULTS Although several global measures of QoL have established reliability and validity, many alcohol-specific measures of QoL have not yet been validated. Nevertheless, QoL has been shown to be significantly impaired in those with alcohol abuse and dependence, particularly in the domains of mental health and social functioning, the very areas that show the greatest improvement with abstinence and its maintenance. Moreover, the literature demonstrates the utility of using QoL measures throughout assessment and treatment as a motivational tool and as a marker for treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Measuring and monitoring QoL during assessment and treatment can add important value to patient recovery, for QoL improves with treatment and successful abstinence. Therefore, targeted, disease-specific assessments of QoL are warranted to address the impairments in the physical, mental, and social domains in alcohol abuse and dependence, thereby improving long-term outcomes.
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Le Marchand C, Evans J, Page K, Davidson PJ, Hahn JA. Hazardous alcohol consumption among young adult IDU and its association with high risk behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 127:143-9. [PMID: 22819868 PMCID: PMC3762448 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy alcohol consumption has been associated with risk-taking behaviors in intravenous drug users (IDU). However, limited information exists on the relationship between alcohol use and injecting and sexual risk in young adult IDU (<30 years) who are at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infection. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of young adult IDU in San Francisco (2006-2012) who had not previously tested positive for HCV. Participants completed a structured interview and HCV testing. We examined whether hazardous drinking (Alcohol Use Disorders Test-Consumption [AUDIT-C] 3-9 for women and 4-9 for men) and probable dependent drinking (AUDIT-C 10-12) levels were associated with injecting and sexual risk behaviors and HCV status, indicated by adjusted odds ratios (AOR) in separate models controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS Of the 326 participants, 139 (42.6%) were hazardous drinkers and 82 (25.2%) were probable dependent drinkers; thus over two-thirds evidenced problem drinking. Being a hazardous drinker was significantly associated with injecting drug residue from another's drug preparation equipment (AOR 1.93). Probable dependent drinking was significantly associated with sharing non-sterile drug preparation equipment (AOR 2.59), and inversely, with daily/near daily injecting (AOR 0.42). Both heavy drinking levels were associated with having ≥2 sexual partners (AOR 2.43 and 2.14). Drinking category was not associated with HCV test results. CONCLUSION The young adult IDU reported consuming alcohol at very high levels, which was associated with some unsafe sexual and injecting behaviors. Our study demonstrates the urgent need to intervene to reduce alcohol consumption in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Le Marchand
- University of California, San Francisco,Corresponding Author: Chloe Le Marchand, UCSF Medical Student Services, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-245, School of Medicine, , Phone: 808 284 6160
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John-Baptiste A, Yeung MW, Leung V, van der Velde G, Krahn M. Cost effectiveness of hepatitis C-related interventions targeting substance users and other high-risk groups: a systematic review. PHARMACOECONOMICS 2012; 30:1015-1034. [PMID: 23050771 DOI: 10.2165/11597660-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In developed countries, injection drug users have the highest prevalence and incidence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clinicians and policy makers have several options for reducing morbidity and mortality related to HCV infection, including preventing new infections, screening high-risk populations, and optimizing uptake and delivery of antiviral therapy. Cost-effectiveness analyses provide an estimate of the value for money associated with adopting healthcare interventions. Our objective was to determine the cost effectiveness of hepatitis C interventions (prevention, screening, treatment) targeting substance users and other groups with a high proportion of substance users. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, HealthSTAR and EconLit, and the grey literature. Studies were critically appraised using the Drummond and Jefferson, Neumann et al. and Philips et al. checklists. We developed and applied a quality appraisal instrument specific to cost-effectiveness analyses of HCV interventions. In addition, we summarized cost-effectiveness estimates using a single currency and year ($US, year 2009 values). RESULTS Twenty-one economic evaluations were included, which addressed prevention (three), screening (ten) and treatment (eight). The quality of the analyses varied greatly. A significant proportion did not incorporate important aspects of HCV natural history, disease costs and antiviral therapy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) ranged from dominant (less costly and more effective) to $US603,352 per QALY. However, many ICERs were less than $US100,000 per QALY. Screening and treatment interventions involving pegylated interferon and ribavirin were generally cost effective at the $US100,000 per QALY threshold, with the exception of some subgroups, such as immune compromised patients with genotype 1 infections. CONCLUSIONS No clear consensus emerged from the studies demonstrating that prevention, screening or treatment provides better value for money as each approach can be economically attractive in certain subgroups. More high-quality economic evaluations of preventing, identifying and treating HCV infection in substance users are needed.
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Marcon SR, Rubira EA, Espinosa MM, Barbosa DA. Quality of life and depressive symptoms among caregivers and drug dependent people. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2012; 20:167-74. [PMID: 22481735 DOI: 10.1590/s0104-11692012000100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life and the presence of depressive symptoms among the caregivers and drug dependent people of the CAPSad. This is a cross-sectional study, with 109 users of four Psychosocial Care Centers for alcohol and other drugs of Mato Grosso and their caregivers, using the instruments: Medical Outcomes Studies 36 (SF-36), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and a sociodemographic variables questionnaire. The QoL of the caregivers in the domains functional capacity, physical aspect, pain and vitality were more affected when compared to the users. A strong correlation between QoL and depressive symptoms was found in both groups. The comparisons performed demonstrate a compromise in the quality of life of both, with the group of caregivers most affected, confirming the situation of drug dependence as an important factor in the perception of the caregiver regarding their quality of life.
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Abstract
A 6 week labyrinth walking program was pilot tested in a correctional setting and goals were to: 1) determine the feasibility of a labyrinth walking curriculum; 2) pilot test measures of health related quality of life (QOL) (pre and post-surveys) and blood pressure; and 3) examine the influence of relationship-centered teaching on subject satisfaction. Relational communication was used as a framework for this study, emphasizing concepts of trust, competency and similarly in the teacher. A pretest/posttest descriptive design was used. The sample was 14 offenders at a Massachusetts county jail. The intervention included six 90 minute sessions, composed of a lecture, a labyrinth walk, and journal writing. Measures included a demographic survey; pre and post session walk blood pressures; pre and post program QOL measures; and a post program measure of satisfaction. The sample was 57% Caucasian, 36% Hispanic, and 7% African American, with an average age of 34, mostly high school educated and single. Drug of choice was alcohol with age of use at 12 and 1/2 years. Seventy-nine percent were previously incarcerated more than twice. QOL data were not changed pre to post. BP data trended in a healthy direction from weeks 1 to 6. Satisfaction with the teacher and the program was high. The labyrinth walking pilot program was proven feasible, low cost and satisfying for the participants. Recommendations for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Zucker
- School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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KINNER STUARTA, GEORGE JESSICA, JOHNSTON JENNIFER, DUNN MATTHEW, DEGENHARDT LOUISA. Pills and pints: Risky drinking and alcohol-related harms among regular ecstasy users in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2011; 31:273-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1465-3362.2011.00348.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gonzales R, Ang A, Glik DC, Rawson RA, Lee S, Iguchi MY. Quality of life among treatment seeking methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Am J Addict 2011; 20:366-72. [PMID: 21679268 PMCID: PMC4026308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2011.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the number of men and women entering treatment for substance use disorders continues to increase across the country, it becomes vitally important to understand their quality of life (QOL) or perceived health status, in order to inform treatment efforts for improving such outcomes. To date, QOL assessments among methamphetamine (MA) dependent users are limited. This paper examines QOL health status among a sample of 838 treatment seeking MA users at admission. Using regression analysis, predictors of QOL are examined among MA users. Predictors of poor QOL among MA users at treatment admission included being female, white, high school educated or more, married, experiencing psychosocial dysfunction (lifetime trauma, suicide, social conflict), reporting a high frequency of both MA and polydrugs for 15 days or more in the past month, chronicity of MA and polydrug use, injection use, and having co-morbid medical and psychiatric impairment. Employment status was the only factor related to better health status perceptions. This study expands the scope of scholarly examination of MA-dependent users entering treatment, as there has not been a development of coherent profiles of QOL among representative samples of clinical MA-abusing populations to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gonzales
- Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Clinical correlates of health-related quality of life among opioid-dependent patients. Qual Life Res 2011; 20:1205-13. [PMID: 21328090 PMCID: PMC3178032 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-011-9858-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Previous work suggests that opioid users have lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) than patients with more prevalent chronic illnesses such as hypertension or diabetes. Although comparisons with population norms are informative, studies of the correlates of HRQOL for opioid users are needed to plan clinical services. Methods We tested a conceptual model of the pathways between physiologic factors and symptoms in relation to HRQOL among 344 opioid users in a clinical trial. Physical and mental HRQOL were measured by the Short-Form (SF)-36; withdrawal signs, symptoms, and functioning were also measured with validated instruments. Using structural equation modeling, we tested hypotheses that medical history directly predicts withdrawal signs and symptoms, and that medical history, withdrawal signs and symptoms, and functioning predict the physical and mental HRQOL latent variables of the SF-36. Results Most hypothesized relationships were significant, and model fit was good. The model explained 36% of the variance in mental HRQOL and 34% of the variance in physical HRQOL. Conclusions The conceptual framework appears valid for explaining variation in the physical and mental HRQOL of opioid users undergoing medically managed withdrawal. Analysis of longitudinal data would help to evaluate more rigorously the adequacy of the model for explaining HRQOL in opioid withdrawal.
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Abstract
One hundred and seventy million people worldwide live with chronic hepatitis C. Heavy alcohol use plays a key role in progression of the illness and is a contraindication to hepatitis C treatment. Despite the ubiquity of alcohol in Western society as a marker of celebration and sociability, there has been little research addressing the meanings of alcohol use and the dilemmas involved in ceasing or limiting consumption for affected people. This article fills a gap in the literature by addressing the meanings and practices of alcohol use for people with hepatitis C. Data are drawn from a qualitative study exploring the experiences of 40 people living with hepatitis C in New Zealand and Australia. Participants described a number of tensions and dilemmas involved in their relationship with alcohol, illustrating a complex and under-researched interplay of factors that inform drinking practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Harris
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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De Maeyer J, Vanderplasschen W, Lammertyn J, van Nieuwenhuizen C, Sabbe B, Broekaert E. Current quality of life and its determinants among opiate-dependent individuals five years after starting methadone treatment. Qual Life Res 2010; 20:139-50. [PMID: 20740316 PMCID: PMC3023858 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-010-9732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study explores the current QoL of opiate-dependent individuals who started outpatient methadone treatment at least 5 years ago and assesses the influence of demographic, psychosocial, drug and health-related variables on individuals’ QoL. Methods Participants (n = 159) were interviewed about their current QoL, psychological distress and severity of drug-related problems, using the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile, the Brief Symptom Inventory and the Addiction Severity Index. Potential determinants of QoL were assessed in a multiple linear regression analysis. Results Five years after the start of methadone treatment, opiate-dependent individuals report low QoL scores on various domains. No association was found between drug-related variables and QoL, but a significant negative impact of psychological distress was identified. Severity of psychological distress, taking medication for psychological problems and the inability to change one’s living situation were associated with lower QoL. Having at least one good friend and a structured daily activity had a significant, positive impact on QoL. Conclusions Opiate-dependent individuals’ QoL is mainly determined by their psychological well-being and a number of psychosocial variables. These findings highlight the importance of a holistic approach to treatment and support in methadone maintenance treatment, which goes beyond fixing the negative physical consequences of opiate dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica De Maeyer
- Department of Orthopedagogics, Ghent University, H Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Henry BL, Minassian A, Perry W. Effect of methamphetamine dependence on everyday functional ability. Addict Behav 2010; 35:593-8. [PMID: 20167435 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 01/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) is an increasingly popular and highly addictive psychostimulant with a significant impact on public health. Chronic METH exposure has been associated with neurotoxic effects, profound neuropsychological deficits, and impaired quality of life, but few studies have examined the effect of the drug on the ability to carry out everyday activities. We assessed the effect of METH dependence on everyday functioning using the UCSD Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA-2), a performance-based measure designed to evaluate real-life skills. METHOD UPSA-2 performance was quantified in 15 currently abstinent individuals with a history of METH dependence and 15 drug-free comparison subjects. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) were administered to assess psychopathology and executive function. RESULTS METH-dependent participants exhibited significant impairment on the UPSA-2 total score and several UPSA-2 subscales, including comprehension, finance, transportation, communication, and medication management compared to drug-free comparison subjects. Lower UPSA-2 scores were associated with impaired performance on the WCST, higher PANSS scores, and drug use at an earlier age. CONCLUSION METH dependence may be associated with decreased everyday functioning ability potentially mediated by frontal cortex dysfunction or the emergence of psychopathology related to chronic drug use.
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Factors influencing quality of life of people living with HIV in Estonia: a cross-sectional survey. J Int AIDS Soc 2009; 12:13. [PMID: 19607721 PMCID: PMC2717916 DOI: 10.1186/1758-2652-12-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of factors that determine quality of life is important in order to better tailor health and social care services, and thereby improve the functioning and well being of people living with HIV. The estimated number of people living with HIV in eastern Europe and central Asia is 1.6 million. Little is known about the quality of life of people living with HIV in this region. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors influencing quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected persons in Estonia. Methods A convenient sample of 451 patients attending three infectious diseases clinics for routine HIV clinical care visits was recruited for a cross-sectional survey. The World Health Organization's Quality of Life HIV instrument was used to measure quality of life of the participants and medical data was abstracted from clinical records. Results Good overall quality of life was reported by 42.6% (95% CI: 38.0–47.2%) of the study participants (53% men, 60% self-identify as injecting drug users, 82% <30 years of age, 30% with CD4+ T cell count <300 cells/mm3, and 22% on antiretroviral treatment). We identified the following variables as independent predictors of good overall quality of life: being currently employed or studying (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.18–4.38); and the absence of HIV-related symptoms (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.24–4.29). Conclusion A comprehensive and competent care system, including health care providers and social workers, is required for an effective response. In addition, social interventions should seek to enhance the economic and employment opportunities for people living with HIV in the region.
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Zule WA, Costenbader EC, Coomes CM, Wechsberg WM. Effects of a hepatitis C virus educational intervention or a motivational intervention on alcohol use, injection drug use, and sexual risk behaviors among injection drug users. Am J Public Health 2009; 99 Suppl 1:S180-6. [PMID: 19218179 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2007.126854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the effects of 2 interventions on alcohol use, use of a new syringe at last injection, and condom use at last sexual encounter in a community sample of injection drug users. METHODS Between 2003 and 2006, 851 out-of-treatment injection drug users were recruited in Raleigh, NC, and Durham, NC, through street outreach and were randomly assigned to either a 6-session educational intervention or a 6-session motivational intervention. Intervention effects were examined at 6 and 12 months after enrollment. RESULTS In multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline alcohol use and HCV status, participants assigned to the motivational intervention were significantly less likely than were participants in the educational intervention to be drinking at the 6-month follow-up (odds ratio = 0.67; 95% confidence interval = 0.46, 0.97). There were no significant between-group differences in use of a new syringe at last injection or condom use at last sexual encounter at either follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Reducing alcohol use among persons with HCV may slow disease progression and provide important health benefits. Additional strategies are needed for slowing HCV disease progression until more effective HCV treatments are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Zule
- Behavioral Health Criminal Justice Research Division, RTI International, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2194, USA.
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Rüütel K, Uusküla A, Minossenko A, Loit HM. Quality of life of people living with HIV and AIDS in Estonia. Cent Eur J Public Health 2009; 16:111-5. [PMID: 18935773 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of quality of life is central to understanding how people's lives are affected by HIV infection. Estonia--the smallest of three Baltic countries--has experienced massive outbreak of HIV infection. Yet, little is known about the quality of life of HIV infected people in Estonia. The purposes of the present study were to adapt the World Health Organization's Quality of life HIV instrument (WHOQoL-HIV) into Estonian setting and to assess the quality of life in a sample of HIV-infected persons in Estonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Rüütel
- Development Center, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Korthuis PT, Zephyrin LC, Fleishman JA, Saha S, Josephs JS, McGrath MM, Hellinger J, Gebo KA. Health-related quality of life in HIV-infected patients: the role of substance use. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2008; 22:859-67. [PMID: 19025480 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2008.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection and substance use disorders are chronic diseases with complex contributions to health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 951 HIV-infected adults receiving care at 14 HIV Research Network sites in 2003 to estimate associations between HRQOL and specific substance use among HIV-infected patients. HRQOL was assessed by multi-item measures of physical and role functioning, general health, pain, energy, positive affect, anxiety, and depression. Mental and physical summary scales were developed by factor analysis. We used linear regression to estimate adjusted associations between HRQOL and current illicit use of marijuana, analgesics, heroin, amphetamines, cocaine, sedatives, inhalants, hazardous/binge alcohol, and drug use severity. Current illicit drug use was reported by 37% of subjects. Mental HRQOL was reduced for current users [adjusted beta coefficient -9.66, 95% confidence interval [(CI]) -13.4, -5.94] but not former users compared with never users. Amphetamines and sedatives were associated with large decreases in mental (amphetamines: beta = -22.8 [95% CI -33.5, -12.0], sedatives: beta = -18.6 [95% CI -26.2, -11.0]), and physical HRQOL (amphetamines: beta = -11.5 [95% CI -22.6, -0.43], sedatives: beta = -13.2 [95% CI -21.0, -5.36]). All illicit drugs were associated with decreased mental HRQOL: marijuana (beta = -7.72 [95% CI -12.0, -3.48]), non-prescription analgesics (beta = -13.4 [95% CI -20.8, -6.07]), cocaine (beta = -10.5 [95% CI -16.4, -4.67]), and inhalants (beta = -14.0 [95% CI -24.1, -3.83]). Facilitating sobriety for patients with attention to specific illicit drugs represents an important avenue for elevating HRQOL in patients living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Todd Korthuis
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Laurie C. Zephyrin
- Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | | | - Somnath Saha
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Section of General Internal Medicine, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Joshua S. Josephs
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Moriah M. McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Kelly A. Gebo
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Kresina TF, Sylvestre D, Seeff L, Litwin AH, Hoffman K, Lubran R, Clark HW. Hepatitis infection in the treatment of opioid dependence and abuse. Subst Abuse 2008; 1:15-61. [PMID: 25977607 PMCID: PMC4395041 DOI: 10.4137/sart.s580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many new and existing cases of viral hepatitis infections are related to injection drug use. Transmission of these infections can result directly from the use of injection equipment that is contaminated with blood containing the hepatitis B or C virus or through sexual contact with an infected individual. In the latter case, drug use can indirectly contribute to hepatitis transmission through the dis-inhibited at-risk behavior, that is, unprotected sex with an infected partner. Individuals who inject drugs are at-risk for infection from different hepatitis viruses, hepatitis A, B, or C. Those with chronic hepatitis B virus infection also face additional risk should they become co-infected with hepatitis D virus. Protection from the transmission of hepatitis viruses A and B is best achieved by vaccination. For those with a history of or who currently inject drugs, the medical management of viral hepatitis infection comprising screening, testing, counseling and providing care and treatment is evolving. Components of the medical management of hepatitis infection, for persons considering, initiating, or receiving pharmacologic therapy for opioid addiction include: testing for hepatitis B and C infections; education and counseling regarding at-risk behavior and hepatitis transmission, acute and chronic hepatitis infection, liver disease and its care and treatment; vaccination against hepatitis A and B infection; and integrative primary care as part of the comprehensive treatment approach for recovery from opioid abuse and dependence. In addition, participation in a peer support group as part of integrated medical care enhances treatment outcomes. Liver disease is highly prevalent in patient populations seeking recovery from opioid addiction or who are currently receiving pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction. Pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction is not a contraindication to evaluation, care, or treatment of liver disease due to hepatitis virus infection. Successful pharmacotherapy for opioid addiction stabilizes patients and improves patient compliance to care and treatment regimens as well as promotes good patient outcomes. Implementation and integration of effective hepatitis prevention programs, care programs, and treatment regimens in concert with the pharmacological therapy of opioid addiction can reduce the public health burdens of hepatitis and injection drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Kresina
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD
| | - Diana Sylvestre
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Organization to Achieve Solutions In Substance Abuse (O.A.S.I.S.) Oakland, CA
| | - Leonard Seeff
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, National Institute on Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alain H Litwin
- Division of Substance Abuse, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY
| | - Kenneth Hoffman
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD
| | - Robert Lubran
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD
| | - H Westley Clark
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockville, MD
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Hubley AM, Palepu A. Injection Drug User Quality of Life Scale (IDUQOL): findings from a content validation study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2007; 5:46. [PMID: 17663783 PMCID: PMC1994946 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-5-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 07/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of life studies among injection drug users have primarily focused on health-related measures. The chaotic life-style of many injection drug users (IDUs), however, extends far beyond their health, and impacts upon social relationships, employment opportunities, housing, and day to day survival. Most current quality of life instruments do not capture the realities of people living with addictions. The Injection Drug Users' Quality of Life Scale (IDUQOL) was developed to reflect the life areas of relevance to IDUs. The present study examined the content validity of the IDUQOL using judgmental methods based on subject matter experts' (SMEs) ratings of various elements of this measure (e.g., appropriateness of life areas or items, names and descriptions of life areas, instructions for administration and scoring). Methods Six SMEs were provided with a copy of the IDUQOL and its administration and scoring manual and a detailed content validation questionnaire. Two commonly used judgmental measures of inter-rater agreement, the Content Validity Index (CVI) and the Average Deviation Mean Index (ADM), were used to evaluate SMEs' agreement on ratings of IDUQOL elements. Results A total of 75 elements of the IDUQOL were examined. The CVI results showed that all elements were endorsed by the required number of SMEs or more. The ADM results showed that acceptable agreement (i.e., practical significance) was obtained for all elements but statistically significant agreement was missed for nine elements. For these elements, SMEs' feedback was examined for ways to improve the elements. Open-ended feedback also provided suggestions for other revisions to the IDUQOL. Conclusion The results of the study provided strong evidence in support of the content validity of the IDUQOL and direction for the revision of some IDUQOL elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita M Hubley
- Measurement, Evaluation, and Research Methodology, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita Palepu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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