1
|
Defoe IN, Treffers S, Stams GJ. Research Review: Siblings matter. A multi-level meta-analysis on the association between cannabis use among adolescent siblings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1532-1544. [PMID: 37402604 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents' and peers' cannabis use are well-documented predictors of youth cannabis use, however, relatively little is known about the influence of siblings' cannabis use. Hence, this meta-analysis investigated the association between sibling-youth cannabis use (disorder) and explored moderation by sibling type (monozygotic- vs. dizygotic- vs. non-twins), age, age spacing, birth order, gender, and gender constellations (same- vs. mix- gender pairs). When comparison data of parents' and peers' cannabis use (disorder) were also available in the included studies, separate meta-analyses on associations between parent-youth and peer-youth cannabis use (disorder) were additionally conducted. METHODS Studies were selected if they included 11- to 24-year-old participants, and investigated associations between cannabis use (disorder) among those youth and their siblings. These studies were retrieved via a search in seven databases (e.g., PsychINFO). A multi-level meta-analysis using a random effects model was performed on the studies, and heterogeneity analyses and moderator analyses were also conducted. PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS We retrieved 20 studies (most of which originated from Western cultures) with 127 effect sizes for the main sibling-youth meta-analysis and found a large overall effect-size (r = .423), implying that youth had higher cannabis use rates when their sibling used cannabis, and this association was stronger for monozygotic twins and for same-gender sibling pairs. Finally, a medium effect size existed for the associations between parent-youth cannabis use (r = .300) and a large effect size for peer-youth cannabis use (r = .451). CONCLUSIONS Youth are more likely to use cannabis when their siblings use cannabis. This sibling-youth cannabis use association existed for all sibling constellations, was larger than the association between parent-youth cannabis use, and was similar in magnitude compared to the association between peer-youth cannabis use-suggesting both genetic and environmental influences (e.g., social-learning) between siblings. Hence, it is important not to neglect sibling influences when treating youth cannabis use (disorder).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy N Defoe
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fataar F, Driezen P, Owusu-Bempah A, Hammond D. Patterns of problematic cannabis use in Canada pre- and post-legalisation: Differences by neighbourhood deprivation, individual socioeconomic factors and race/ethnicity. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:1534-1546. [PMID: 37137866 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The legalisation of cannabis in Canada in 2018, and subsequent increase in prevalence of use, has generated interest in understanding potential changes in problematic patterns of use, including by socio-demographic factors such as race/ethnicity and neighbourhood deprivation level. METHODS This study used repeat cross-sectional data from three waves of the International Cannabis Policy Study web-based survey. Data were collected from respondents aged 16-65 prior to cannabis legalisation in 2018 (n = 8704), and post-legalisation in 2019 (n = 12,236) and 2020 (n = 12,815). Respondents' postal codes were linked to the INSPQ neighbourhood deprivation index. Multinomial regression models examined differences in problematic use by socio-demographic and socio-economic factors and over time. RESULTS No evidence of a change in the proportion of those aged 16-65 in Canada whose cannabis use would be classified as 'high risk' was noted from before cannabis legalisation (2018 = 1.5%) to 12 or 24 months after legalisation (2019 = 1.5%, 2020 = 1.6%; F = 0.17, p = 0.96). Problematic use differed by socio-demographic factors. For example, consumers from the most materially deprived neighbourhoods were more likely to experience 'moderate' vs 'low risk' compared to those living outside deprived neighbourhoods (p < 0.01 for all). Results were mixed for race/ethnicity and comparisons for high risk were limited by small sample sizes for some groups. Differences across subgroups were consistent from 2018 to 2020. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The risk of problematic cannabis use does not appear to have increased in the 2 years following cannabis legalisation in Canada. Disparities in problematic use persisted, with some racial minority and marginalised groups experiencing higher risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fathima Fataar
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Pete Driezen
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | | | - David Hammond
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Archie S, Palaniyappan L, Olagunju AT, Johnson N, Kozloff N, Sadeh E, Bardell A, Baines A, Anderson KK, Ayonrinde O, Ferrari M. Insights about Cannabis and Psychosis Using Video Games for Young People with a First Episode of Psychosis, particularly those from Black Racialized Backgrounds: Study Design. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e36758. [PMID: 35389874 PMCID: PMC9166641 DOI: 10.2196/36758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis use disorder among young people with a first episode of psychosis contributes to relapse, hospitalization, and impaired functioning. However, few studies have examined what young people with early phase psychosis, particularly those from Black racialized communities, understand or appreciate about this relationship, even though they may be at risk. There are no formally tested knowledge translation strategies that disseminate these research findings for young people with emerging psychosis from Black racialized communities. Objective This study aims to conceptualize what young people with early phase psychosis/cannabis use disorder understand about the relationship between cannabis and psychosis, focusing on people from racialized backgrounds. This study also aims to assess whether the knowledge translation product, the “Back to Reality Series,” increases awareness of the impact of cannabis use on psychosis from the perspectives of young people with emerging psychosis and cannabis use disorder from Black African and Caribbean communities. Methods Qualitative analysis will reveal themes from qualitative interviews about cannabis and psychosis from the perspectives of young people with emerging psychosis and cannabis use disorder from Black African and Caribbean communities. Perceptions before and after exposure to the Back to Reality Series will be qualitatively analyzed. A control game will be used for comparison, and scores on a quiz after playing the Back to Reality Series will be quantitatively analyzed to establish whether the Back to Reality Series raises awareness of the effects of cannabis on psychosis. An advisory council involving young people from Black communities, family members, and clinicians will bring community perspectives to this research. Results We began recruiting participants for this study in September 2021. We will complete data collection on demographic and clinical factors, qualitative interviews, and quantitative assessments of the Back to Reality Series. Conclusions The voices of young people from racialized backgrounds will generate preliminary data to inform early psychosis programs, addressing cannabis use in this population. The findings may advance the use of a new knowledge translation product that deals with gaps in knowledge about cannabis use for people experiencing early phase psychosis, particularly those from racialized communities. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/36758
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, CA.,Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, CA.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, CA
| | - Andrew T Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, CA.,Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, AU
| | | | - Nicole Kozloff
- Slaight Family Centre for Youth in Transition, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
| | - Elham Sadeh
- On Track, Champlain District Regional First Episode Psychosis Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, CA
| | - Andrea Bardell
- On Track, Champlain District Regional First Episode Psychosis Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, CA.,Canadian Consortium for Early Psychosis Intervention, Ottawa, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, CA.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CA
| | - Alexandra Baines
- On Track, Champlain District Regional First Episode Psychosis Program, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, CA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, CA.,Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, CA.,Integrated Schizophrenia and Recovery Program, The Royal Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, CA
| | - Kelly K Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, CA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kortas GT, Abrahão ABB, Malbergier A, Fidalgo TM, Moura H, de Andrade AG, Neto FL, Torales J, Ventriglio A, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Immigrants, refugees and cannabis use. Int Rev Psychiatry 2022; 34:59-77. [PMID: 35584015 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2022.2039595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Immigration typically occurs from low- to high-income countries and regions. Unfortunately, these wealthier areas also have higher rates of cannabis use (e.g. European Union and the US). This systematic review aimed to summarize available studies on cannabis use among immigrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. In addition, evidence on the association between immigration and cannabis use was reviewed. The rates of cannabis use were lower among immigrants than natives. The risk and protective factors to cannabis use were quite similar to those of the native populations. The population at greatest risk for cannabis use were refugees, males, singles, non-religious, those with lower educational level, living in urban areas, with friends that use cannabis and/or other drugs. Cannabis use tend to increase over generations, and acculturation seems to play a pivotal role. First generation migrants report equal or lower consumption of cannabis when compared with the majority population with a subsequent increase in following generations, with a clear association with acculturation factors. A higher cannabis use was found among migrants with lower cultural congruity as well as a higher level of culture assimilation. This use seems to be unrelated to alcohol or illicit drugs consumption, but possibly associated with tobacco smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - André Malbergier
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Marques Fidalgo
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Young Leaders Program from the National Academy of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Helena Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Arthur Guerra de Andrade
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Julio Torales
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, National University of Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, Santo André, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jani P, Song N, Artna E, Lyeo J, Assam A, Maelzer F, Murphy A, Grant A, Archie S. Online Knowledge Translation Program involving Video Games and University Student-Led Tutorials about Cannabis and Psychosis for Black Youth: Mixed Method Feasibility Study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e33693. [PMID: 35315782 PMCID: PMC9253977 DOI: 10.2196/33693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Objective Methods Results Conclusions
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Jani
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nuri Song
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Erin Artna
- Department of Psychology, Neurosciences and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Joonsoo Lyeo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley Assam
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Faith Maelzer
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andriene Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Neurosciences and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Angelo Grant
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Archie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nguemo Djiometio JB, Buzuayew A, Nelson LE, Maina G, Njoroge I, Kahan M, Wong J. A scoping review of the prevalence of use of substance among African, Caribbean, and Black (ACB) people in Canada. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1760378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asfaw Buzuayew
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - LaRon E Nelson
- Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Irene Njoroge
- Substance Use Service/META:PHI, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meldon Kahan
- Substance Use Service/META:PHI, Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josephine Wong
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguemo JD, Iroanyah N, Husbands W, Nelson LE, Maina G, Njoroge I, Owino M, Kahan M, Miller D, Wong J. Substance use disorders among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people in Canada: a scoping review protocol. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028985. [PMID: 31296511 PMCID: PMC6624103 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-028985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research demonstrated that substance use continues to be one of the most complex and prevalent problems among African, Caribbean and Black (ACB) people. A number of studies were conducted to characterise substance use patterns in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first known review in Canada characterising substance use disorders on ACB people.This scoping review seeks to answer the following research questions: What characterises substance use disorders among ACB people in Canada? What are the different types and prevalence of substance use among ACB people in Canada? Do ACB people in Canada use more than one substance? What factors are associated with substance use among ACB people in Canada? What are the health and social impacts of substance use in ACB people in Canada? METHODS AND ANALYSES This study will use the methodological framework for scoping reviews developed by Arksey and O'Malley. We will search electronic bibliographic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will limit our search to English articles published between 2000and2019. In addition, we will conduct a grey literature search. Two investigators will independently screen citations and full-text articles. Our findings will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for scoping reviews guidelines. We will provide a descriptive summary of the studies and summarise the findings with respect to the outcomes and report any gaps that might require further investigation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Our proposed study does not involve human participants; therefore, research ethics approval is not required. This study will provide evidence that will inform the development of strategies for appropriate interventions, as well as policy and further research. The results will be disseminated through publications in open access peer-reviewed journals, presentations at scientific meetings and to the lay public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Nguemo
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ngozi Iroanyah
- School of health policy and management, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - LaRon E Nelson
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Maina
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Irene Njoroge
- Rapid Access Addiction Medicine Clinic, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Owino
- Committee for Accessible AIDS Treatment, Regent Park Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meldon Kahan
- Rapid Access Addiction Medicine Clinic, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Desmond Miller
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Josephine Wong
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|