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Nishida K, Tamura A, Kang TW, Masuda H, Yui N. An antibody-supermolecule conjugate for tumor-specific targeting of tumoricidal methylated β-cyclodextrin-threaded polyrotaxanes. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6975-6987. [PMID: 32573639 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that acid-labile polyrotaxane containing methylated β-cyclodextrin (Me-PRX) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related autophagy and autophagic cell death. Me-PRX-induced autophagic cell death occurs even in apoptosis-resistant cells; tumor-targeted Me-PRX delivery could thus be an effective cancer treatment approach. In this study, antibody-supermolecule conjugates, consisting of a tumor-specific antibody and Me-PRX, were designed to achieve a tumor-specific delivery of Me-PRX. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2 expressed in various malignant tumors, was selected as a tumor-targeting antibody, and phenyl maleimide group-modified Me-PRX (Mal-Me-PRX) was conjugated to the cysteine residue of the reduced Trastuzumab to obtain a Trastuzumab-Me-PRX conjugate (Tras-Me-PRX). The cellular association of Tras-Me-PRX to HER2-expressing tumor cells was remarkably greater than that of unmodified Me-PRX. Moreover, Tras-Me-PRX effectively reduced the viability of HER2-expressing tumor cells at a lower concentration compared to the unmodified Me-PRX. In conclusion, antibody-Me-PRX conjugates are regarded as a new class of antibody-drug conjugates that would contribute to the chemotherapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nishida
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Liu H, Shi F, Tang X, Zheng S, Kolb J, Yao C. Application of bioimpedance spectroscopy to characterize chemoresistant tumor cell selectivity of nanosecond pulse stimulation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 135:107570. [PMID: 32526679 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The discriminating effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) between chemoresistant tumor cells (CRTCs) and their respective homologous chemosensitive tumor cells (CSTCs) were investigated based on bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS). The electrical properties of individual untreated cells were determined by fitting the impedance spectra to an equivalent circuit model and then using aided simulations to calculate the nuclear envelope transmembrane potential (nTMP) and electroporation area on the nuclear envelope. Additionally, fluorescence staining assays of cell monolayers after nanopulse stimulation (80 pulses, 200 ns, 3 kV) were conducted to validate the simulation results. The staining results indicated that CRTCs showed a larger ablation area and lower lethal threshold compared to CSTCs after exposure to the same nsPEF energy, which was in accordance with the higher nTMP and larger electroporation area calculated for CRTCs. The increase in the lethal effects of nsPEFs on CRTCs compared to CSTCs mainly resulted from the superposition of the changes in the electrical properties and nuclear size. The work shows that BIS can distinguish CRTCs and CSTCs and the corresponding nsPEF effects, suggesting potential applications for the optimization of novel anti-chemoresistance methods, including nsPEF-treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Fukun Shi
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215163 Suzhou, China; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald 17489, Germany; Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400033, China
| | - Juergen Kolb
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald 17489, Germany; Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Rostock 18059, Germany
| | - Chenguo Yao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400033, China; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing 400033, China.
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Yang LT, Ma F, Zeng HT, Zhao M, Zeng XH, Liu ZQ, Yang PC. Restoration of Mal overcomes the defects of apoptosis in lung cancer cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227634. [PMID: 31978067 PMCID: PMC6980397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cancer is one of the life-threatening diseases of human beings; the pathogenesis of cancer remains to be further investigated. Toll like receptor (TLR) activities are involved in the apoptosis regulation. This study aims to elucidate the role of Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) molecule in the apoptosis regulation of lung cancer (LC) cells. METHODS The LC tissues were collected from LC patients. LC cells and normal control (NC) cells were isolated from the tissues and analyzed by pertinent biochemical and immunological approaches. RESULTS We found that fewer apoptotic LC cells were induced by cisplatin in the culture as compared to NC cells. The expression of Fas ligand (FasL) was lower in LC cells than that in NC cells. FasL mRNA levels declined spontaneously in LC cells. A complex of FasL/TDP-43 was detected in LC cells. LC cells expressed less Mal than NC cells. Activation of Mal by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased TDP-43 expression in LC cells. TDP-43 formed a complex with FasL mRNA to prevent FasL mRNA from decay. Reconstitution of Mal or TDP-43 restored the sensitiveness of LC cells to apoptotic inducers. CONCLUSIONS LC cells express low Mal levels that contributes to FasL mRNA decay through impairing TDP-43 expression. Reconstitution of Mal restores sensitiveness of LC cells to apoptosis inducers that may be a novel therapeutic approach for LC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Tao Yang
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Ma
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao-Tao Zeng
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xian-Hai Zeng
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- ENT Institute, Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Park DW, Ham YM, Lee YG, So R, Seo YJ, Kang SC. Multioside, an active ingredient from adonis amurensis, displays anti-cancer activity through autophagosome formation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 65:153114. [PMID: 31683248 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adonis amurensis Regel & Radde, commonly found in East Asia, has been traditionally used to treat cardiac insufficiency and edema. Although this plant extract has been shown to regulate cell growth and neovascularization, the anti-cancer mechanism of A. amurensis has not been fully investigated. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to examine the anti-cancer activity of A. amurensis and identify its underlying mechanism. METHODS The growth of cancer cells was evaluated by MTT and hollow fiber assays. A cancer xenograft nude mouse model was used to assess the anti-cancer activities in vivo. Autophagic activity was measured by the detection of autophagosome formation and by performing a monodansylcadaverine (MDC) assay. RESULT A. amurensis extract showed potent anti-cancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the treatment of cancer cells with A. amurensis extract dramatically increased the formation of autophagosomes and was involved in the activation of multiple signaling components including AKT, ERK, and MAPK. Furthermore, we isolated an active ingredient, Multioside, which exhibited strong anti-cancer activity through autophagy. CONCLUSION A. amurensis displays anti-cancer activity that is mediated by the activation of autophagy, suggesting that A. amurensis could be a useful therapeutic anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee Universtity, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Ham
- JeJu Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Namwon, Jeju, 63608, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Geun Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee Universtity, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Rina So
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee Universtity, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Seo
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee Universtity, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Liu JJ, Ho JY, Lee HW, Baik MW, Kim O, Choi YJ, Hur SY. Inhibition of Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) Signaling Synergistically Potentiates Antitumor Efficacy of Paclitaxel and Overcomes Paclitaxel-Mediated Resistance in Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3383. [PMID: 31295843 PMCID: PMC6679163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired paclitaxel (PTX) resistance limits its effectiveness and results in advanced cancer progression. This review investigated whether the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling overcomes paclitaxel resistance in cervical cancer. It was established paclitaxel-resistant cell lines (PTX-R ME180/PTX-R HeLa) and determined the combination index for paclitaxel and PI3K inhibitors (BYL-719/ LY294002) by tetrazolium dye assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. Migration and invasion were explored by wound healing and transwell assays. Genes related to multiple pathways were assessed by a western blot. It was found that the PI3K pathway was significantly activated in paclitaxel-resistant HeLa and ME180 cells compared to parental cells. PTX + PI3K inhibitor combined therapy showed a synergistic effect by strengthening paclitaxel-induced S and G2M arrest in PTX-R cell sublines by the inactivation of cyclin A1, cyclin B1, cyclin E, and Cdc2 expression. Moreover, combination therapy significantly enhanced drug sensitivity and apoptosis through the activation of Bax, and cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase compared with paclitaxel alone. In addition, PI3K inhibition also suppressed tumor migration and invasion by targeting β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-2/9. The authors suggest that the combination of a PI3K inhibitor with paclitaxel may enhance antitumor activity through a cascade of PI3K signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Jung Yoon Ho
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Min Wha Baik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Oyoung Kim
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Youn Jin Choi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Soo Young Hur
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Medical Life Science, and Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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7
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Wang H, Deng Z, Chen X, Cai J, Ma T, Zhong Q, Li R, Li L, Li T. Downregulation of miR-222-3p Reverses Doxorubicin-Resistance in LoVo Cells Through Upregulating Forkhead Box Protein P2 (FOXP2) Protein. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2169-2178. [PMID: 30904920 PMCID: PMC6442496 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used to treat colon cancer. Despite impressive initial clinical responses, drug resistance has dramatically compromised the effectiveness of DOX. However, the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapeutic resistance in colon cancer remain poorly understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study, we compared the expression of miR-222-3p in DOX-resistant colon cancer cells (LoVo/ADR) with the corresponding DOX-sensitive parental cells (LoVo/S) using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, miR-222-3p inhibitors were infected into LoVo/ADR cell lines and the effects of this treatment were assessed. The Cell Counting Kit 8 assay was employed to verify the sensitivity of colon cancer cell lines to DOX. EdU (5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine) assay, flow cytometry, and in vivo subcutaneous tumorigenesis were used to assess cell proliferation and apoptosis. Transwell and wound healing assays were used to investigate cell migration after adding DOX. Additionally, the expression of forkhead box protein P2 (FOXP2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and caspase pathway-associated markers was assessed by western blotting. RESULTS Our results showed that miR-222-3p was upregulated in LoVo/ADR compared with the expression in LoVo/S cells. Additionally, downregulation of miR-222-3p in LoVo/ADR cells increased their sensitivity to DOX, reduced P-gp expression, and activated the caspase pathway. However, the downregulation of FOXP2 could efficiently reverse the effect of miR-222-3p inhibitors on LoVo/ADR cells. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results showed that miR-222-3p induced DOX resistance via suppressing FOXP2, upregulating P-gp, and inhibiting the caspase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenwei Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Qinghua Zhong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affilliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Ruiping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Libo Li
- Department of General Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Tian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Monaco ME. Fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer subtypes. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29487-29500. [PMID: 28412757 PMCID: PMC5438746 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is recognized as a component of malignant transformation in many different cancers, including breast; yet the potential for targeting this pathway for prevention and/or treatment of cancer remains unrealized. Evidence indicates that proteins involved in both synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids play a pivotal role in the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. The following essay summarizes data implicating specific fatty acid metabolic enzymes in the genesis and progression of breast cancer, and further categorizes the relevance of specific metabolic pathways to individual intrinsic molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Based on mRNA expression data, the less aggressive luminal subtypes appear to rely on a balance between de novo fatty acid synthesis and oxidation as sources for both biomass and energy requirements, while basal-like, receptor negative subtypes overexpress genes involved in the utilization of exogenous fatty acids. With these differences in mind, treatments may need to be tailored to individual subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Monaco
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA
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Kim SG, Yooun JH, Kim DE, Lee E, Kwon TK, Kim S, Park JW. A novel anti‐cancer agent, FPDHP, induces anoikis in various human cancer cells through activation of calpain, and downregulation of anoikis‐related molecules. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5620-5631. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon Goo Kim
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Hea Yooun
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Eun Kim
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Eung‐Seok Lee
- College of PharmacyYeungnam UniversityKyongsanRepublic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical ScienceKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical ScienceKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Park
- Department of ImmunologySchool of MedicineKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical ScienceKeimyung UniversityDalseo‐guDaeguRepublic of Korea
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10
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Li L, You LS, Mao LP, Jin SH, Chen XH, Qian WB. Combing oncolytic adenovirus expressing Beclin-1 with chemotherapy agent doxorubicin synergistically enhances cytotoxicity in human CML cells in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:251-260. [PMID: 28905936 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer virotherapy provides a new strategy to treat cancer that can directly kill cancer cells by oncolysis. Insertion of therapeutic genes into the genome of a modified adenovirus, thereby creating a so-called gene-virotherapy that shares the advantages of gene therapy and virotherapy. In this study we investigated whether a strategy that combines the oncolytic effects of an adenoviral vector with the simultaneous expression of the autophagy gene Beclin-1 offered a therapeutic advantage for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells with resistance to chemotherapy and evaluated the synergistic effects of SG511-BECN and doxorubicin (Dox) in human CML cells in vitro. Oncolytic virus SG511-BECN was constructed through introducing the Beclin-1 gene into the oncolytic adenoviral backbone. SG511-BECN displayed significantly improved antileukemia activity on multidrug-resistant CML cell line K562/A02, which was mediated via induction of autophagic cell death. Furthermore, Dox could synergize with SG511-BECN to kill the CML cells by improving the infectious efficiency of the oncolytic adenovirus without causing significant damage to normal human mononuclear cells. The results demonstrate that targeting the autophagic cell death pathway and combination of a chemotherapy agent with oncolytic adenovirus may be a novel strategy for the treatment of leukemia with chemotherapy resistance.
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Wu CH, Huang CC, Hung CH, Yao FY, Wang CJ, Chang YC. Delphinidin-rich extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. trigger mitochondria-derived autophagy and necrosis through reactive oxygen species in human breast cancer cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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12
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Sobot D, Mura S, Couvreur P. How can nanomedicines overcome cellular-based anticancer drug resistance? J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5078-5100. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00900j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance according to its cellular level of action and outlines the nanomedicine-based strategies adopted to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Sobot
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
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13
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Paszel-Jaworska A, Rubiś B, Bednarczyk-Cwynar B, Zaprutko L, Rybczyńska M. Proapoptotic activity and ABCC1-related multidrug resistance reduction ability of semisynthetic oleanolic acid derivatives DIOXOL and HIMOXOL in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Adams C, Cazzanelli G, Rasul S, Hitchinson B, Hu Y, Coombes RC, Raguz S, Yagüe E. Apoptosis inhibitor TRIAP1 is a novel effector of drug resistance. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:415-22. [PMID: 25998939 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) is a novel apoptosis inhibitor that binds HSP70 in the cytoplasm and blocks the formation of the apoptosome and caspase-9 activation. TRIAP1 has been shown to be upregulated in many types of cancers; however, its role remains elusive. We determined the TRIAP1 mRNA levels in a panel of human tissues and found its expression to be ubiquitous. Normal breast, as well as non-tumorigenic breast cells, exhibited lower TRIAP1 mRNA levels than breast cancer cells or their drug-resistant derivatives. TRIAP1 is a small, evolutionarily conserved protein that is 76 amino acids long. We found that yeast cells, in which the TRIAP1 homologue was knocked out, had increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. Equally, RNA interference in breast cancer drug-resistant cells demonstrated that downregulation of TRIAP1 impaired cell growth in the presence of doxorubicin. As expected, caspase-9 activation was diminished after overexpression of TRIAP1 in drug-resistant cells. Importantly, stable transfections of a TRIAP1 expression plasmid in CAL51 cells led to a marked increase in the number of doxorubicin-resistant clones, that was abolished when cells expressed hairpins targeting TRIAP1. In addition, we showed that TRIAP1 expression was also triggered by estrogen deprivation in MCF-7 cells. Although both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies generated for the present study failed to robustly detect TRIAP1, we demonstrated that TRIAP1 represents a novel marker for drug resistance in breast cancer cells and it may be used in the stratification of breast cancer patients once a suitable antibody has been developed. Equally, these studies open potential drug development strategies for blocking TRIAP1 activity and avoiding drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Adams
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Giulia Cazzanelli
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Sabeena Rasul
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ben Hitchinson
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yunhui Hu
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - R Charles Coombes
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Selina Raguz
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ernesto Yagüe
- Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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15
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Kennedy RK, Naik PR, Veena V, Lakshmi B, Lakshmi P, Krishna R, Sakthivel N. 5-Methyl phenazine-1-carboxylic acid: A novel bioactive metabolite by a rhizosphere soil bacterium that exhibits potent antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 231:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Zhang R, Yao W, Qian P, Li Y, Jiang C, Ao Z, Qian G, Wang C, Wu G, Li J, Ji F, Xu J. Increased sensitivity of human lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin associated with downregulated contactin-1. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 71:172-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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17
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Bhat TA, Kumar S, Chaudhary AK, Yadav N, Chandra D. Restoration of mitochondria function as a target for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:635-43. [PMID: 25766095 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defective oxidative phosphorylation has a crucial role in the attenuation of mitochondrial function, which confers therapy resistance in cancer. Various factors, including endogenous heat shock proteins (HSPs) and exogenous agents such as dichloroacetate, restore respiratory and other physiological functions of mitochondria in cancer cells. Functional mitochondria might ultimately lead to the restoration of apoptosis in cancer cells that are refractory to current anticancer agents. Here, we summarize the key reasons contributing to mitochondria dysfunction in cancer cells and how restoration of mitochondrial function could be exploited for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Bhat
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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18
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Deoxyelephantopin impairs growth of cervical carcinoma SiHa cells and induces apoptosis by targeting multiple molecular signaling pathways. Cell Biol Toxicol 2014; 30:331-43. [PMID: 25260383 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-014-9288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyelephantopin, a sesquiterpene lactone extracted and purified from Elephantopus scaber, has been shown to exhibit antitumor and hepatoprotective activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties of deoxyelephantopin in SiHa cells and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Deoxyelephantopin inhibited growth of SiHa cells and triggered apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by sequential activation of caspases (8, 9, 3, and 7) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl2 and Bcl-xL) and upregulation of apoptotic protein (bax) were also detected. Our results demonstrated that deoxyelephantopin-induced G2/M phase arrest was associated with a marked increase in the levels of p53 and p21 and a decrease in phospho-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3-Tyr705), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdc2), and cyclin B1. The expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR was downregulated. p-ERK was inhibited while p-JNK and p-p38 was activated on deoxyelephantopin treatment. Our findings provided the first evidence that STAT3/p53/p21 signaling, MAPK pathway, PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway, caspase cascades, and ROS play critical roles in deoxyelephantopin-induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of SiHa cells.
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19
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PARK JUNSOO, KIM WANTAE, KIM SHIN, KWON TAEGKYU, JANG BYEONGCHURL, LEE EUNGSEOK, PARK JONGWOOK. FPDHP, a novel anticancer agent, induces cell detachment and caspase-dependent apoptosis in Caki cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:1051-6. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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20
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Tong Y, You L, Liu H, Li L, Meng H, Qian Q, Qian W. Potent antitumor activity of oncolytic adenovirus expressing Beclin-1 via induction of autophagic cell death in leukemia. Oncotarget 2014; 4:860-74. [PMID: 23765161 PMCID: PMC3757243 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An attractive strategy among adenovirus-based oncolytic systems is to design adenoviral vectors to express pro-apoptotic genes, in which this gene-virotherapy approach significantly enhances tumor cell death by activating apoptotic pathways. However, the existence of cancer cells with apoptotic defects is one of the major obstacles in gene-virotherapy. Here, we investigated whether a strategy that combines the oncolytic effects of an adenoviral vector with simultaneous expression of Beclin-1, an autophagy gene, offers a therapeutic advantage for leukemia. A Beclin-1 cDNA was cloned in an oncolytic adenovirus with chimeric Ad5/11 fiber (SG511-BECN). SG511-BECN treatment induced significant autophagic cell death, and resulted in enhanced cell killing in a variety of leukemic cell lines and primary leukemic blasts. SG511-BECN effects were seen in chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia with resistance to imatinib or chemotherapy, but exhibited much less cytotoxicity on normal cells. The SG511-BECN-induced autophagic cell death could be partially reversed by RNA interference knockdown of UVRAG, ATG5, and ATG7. We also showed that SG511-BECN strongly inhibited the growth of leukemic progenitors in vitro. In murine leukemia models, SG511-BECN prolonged the survival and decreased the xenograft tumor size by inducing autophagic cell death. Our results suggest that infection of leukemia cells with an oncolytic adenovirus overexpressing Beclin-1 can induce significant autophagic cell death and provide a new strategy for the elimination of leukemic cells via a unique mechanism of action distinct from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Tong
- Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, P.R. China
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21
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Abstract
Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1beta-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) is a major resistance factor and critical anti-apoptotic regulator that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis as well as chemotherapy-triggered apoptosis in malignant cells. c-FLIP is expressed as long (c-FLIP(L)), short (c-FLIP(S)), and c-FLIP(R) splice variants in human cells. c-FLIP binds to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent and-independent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. Moreover, c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) are known to have multifunctional roles in various signaling pathways, as well as activating and/or upregulating several cytoprotective signaling molecules. Upregulation of c-FLIP has been found in various tumor types, and its downregulation has been shown to restore apoptosis triggered by cytokines and various chemotherapeutic agents. Hence, c-FLIP is an important target for cancer therapy. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knockdown the expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment and increased the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents, thereby enhancing effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Moreover, small molecules causing degradation of c-FLIP as well as decreasing mRNA and protein levels of c-FLIP(L) and c-FLIP(S) splice variants have been found, and efforts are underway to develop other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. This review focuses on (1) the functional role of c-FLIP splice variants in preventing apoptosis and inducing cytokine and drug resistance; (2) the molecular mechanisms that regulate c-FLIP expression; and (3) strategies to inhibit c-FLIP expression and function.
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22
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Patel NR, Pattni BS, Abouzeid AH, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1748-62. [PMID: 23973912 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance is the most widely exploited phenomenon by which cancer eludes chemotherapy. Broad variety of factors, ranging from the cellular ones, such as over-expression of efflux transporters, defective apoptotic machineries, and altered molecular targets, to the physiological factors such as higher interstitial fluid pressure, low extracellular pH, and formation of irregular tumor vasculature are responsible for multidrug resistance. A combination of various undesirable factors associated with biological surroundings together with poor solubility and instability of many potential therapeutic small & large molecules within the biological systems and systemic toxicity of chemotherapeutic agents has necessitated the need for nano-preparations to optimize drug delivery. The physiology of solid tumors presents numerous challenges for successful therapy. However, it also offers unique opportunities for the use of nanotechnology. Nanoparticles, up to 400 nm in size, have shown great promise for carrying, protecting and delivering potential therapeutic molecules with diverse physiological properties. In this review, various factors responsible for the MDR and the use of nanotechnology to overcome the MDR, the use of spheroid culture as well as the current technique of producing microtumor tissues in vitro are discussed in detail.
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23
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Zhu R, Wu X, Xiao Y, Gao B, Xie Q, Liu H, Wang S. Synergetic effect of SLN-curcumin and LDH-5-Fu on SMMC-7721 liver cancer cell line. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:579-87. [PMID: 23808828 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin and 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) have been reported to have anticancer potentials and show certain synergetic effect on some cancer cell lines. However, the poor bioavailability and rapid metabolism limited their medical application. In this study, we encapsulated curcumin with solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), 5-Fu with Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) separately and tested its properties and anticancer potentials. SLN-curcumin and LDH-5-Fu were determined to be 100 and 60 nm by Transmission Electron Microscopy detection, and the loading efficiency were 28%±2.5% and 16.7%±1.8%, individually. Furthermore, SLN-curcumin and LDH-5-Fu showed a significantly synergetic effect on SMMC-7721 cell stronger than plain drugs together, of which the Idrug loaded nano-carriers was only 0.315. FACS analysis revealed that the combination of SLN-curcumin and LDH-5-Fu induced 80.1% apoptosis in SMMC-7721 cells, which were 1.7-folds of the sum of the two plain drug loaded carriers. The results demonstrated the significant synergetic anticancer potentials of nano-encapsulated curcumin and 5-Fu, which could be further explored for the treatment of other carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhu
- 1 Tenth People's Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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24
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Rasul A, Bao R, Malhi M, Zhao B, Tsuji I, Li J, Li X. Induction of apoptosis by costunolide in bladder cancer cells is mediated through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Molecules 2013; 18:1418-33. [PMID: 23348995 PMCID: PMC6269911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18021418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several therapeutic options, a safer and more effective modality is urgently needed for treatment of bladder cancer. Costunolide, a member of sesquiterpene lactone family, possesses potent anticancer properties. In this study, for the first time we investigated the effects of costunolide on the cell viability and apoptosis in human bladder cancer T24 cells. Treatment of T24 cells with costunolide resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability and induction of apoptosis which was associated with the generation of ROS and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm). These effects were significantly blocked when the cells were pretreated with N-acetyl- cysteine (NAC), a specific ROS inhibitor. Exposure of T24 cells to costunolide was also associated with increased expression of Bax, down-regulation of Bcl-2, survivin and significant activation of caspase-3, and its downstream target PARP. These findings provide the rationale for further in vivo and clinical investigation of costunolide against human bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Rasul
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Rui Bao
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Mahadev Malhi
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Department of Public Health, Tohoku University, Sendai 9808576, Japan
| | - Jiang Li
- Dental Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of MOE, Institute of Genetics and Cytology, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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25
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Wedelolactone, a medicinal plant-derived coumestan, induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of PKCε without inhibiting Akt. Int J Oncol 2012; 41:2191-9. [PMID: 23076676 PMCID: PMC3541032 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies indicate that metabolism of arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathway plays a critical role in the survival of prostate cancer cells raising the possibility that 5-Lox can be targeted for an effective therapy of prostate cancer. Wedelolactone (WDL), a medicinal plant-derived natural compound, is known to inhibit 5-Lox activity in neutrophils. However, its effect on apoptosis in prostate cancer cells has not been addressed. Thus, we tested the effects of WDL on human prostate cancer cells in vitro. We observed that WDL kills both androgen-sensitive as well as androgen-independent prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner by dramatically inducing apoptosis. We also found that WDL-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is dependent on c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (c-JNK) and caspase-3. Interestingly, WDL triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via downregulation of protein kinase Cε (PKCε), but without inhibition of Akt. WDL does not affect the viability of normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) at doses that kill prostate cancer cells, and WDL-induced apoptosis is effectively prevented by 5-oxoETE, a metabolite of 5-Lox (but not by 15-oxoETE, a metabolite of 15-Lox), suggesting that the apoptosis-inducing effect of WDL in prostate cancer cells is mediated via inhibition of 5-Lox activity. These findings indicate that WDL selectivity induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of PKCε without affecting Akt and suggest that WDL may emerge as a novel therapeutic agent against clinical prostate cancer in human.
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26
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Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated as important mediators of cancer cell homeostasis, and accumulating data suggest compelling roles for them in the apoptosis pathway. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a potent caspase inhibitor and an important barrier to apoptotic cell death, but the mechanisms which determine the diverse range of XIAP expression seen in cancer remains unclear. In this study, we present evidence that miR-24 directly targets the 3′UTR of the XIAP mRNA to exert translational repression. Using a heuristic algorithm of bioinformatics analysis and in vitro screening, we identified miR-24 as a candidate regulator of XIAP expression. Array CGH and SKY analysis reveal that genomic copy number loss at the miR-24 locus is concordant with loss of endogenous miR-24 in cancer cells. Using a luciferase construct of the XIAP 3′UTR, we showed that miR-24 specifically coordinates to the XIAP mRNA. And interference with miR-24’s binding of the critical seed region, resulting from site-directed mutagenesis of the 3′UTR, significantly abrogated miR-24’s effects on XIAP expression. Moreover, miR-24 over-expression can overcome apoptosis-resistance in cancer cells via down-regulation of XIAP expression, and the resulting cancer cell death induced by TRAIL is executed by the canonical caspase-mediated apoptosis pathway. In summary, our data suggest a novel mechanism by which miR-24 directly modulates XIAP expression level and consequently the apoptosis threshold in cancer cells.
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27
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Cleavage mechanism and anti-tumor activity of 3,6-epidioxy-1,10-bisaboladiene isolated from edible wild plants. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:3887-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Eloy L, Jarrousse AS, Teyssot ML, Gautier A, Morel L, Jolivalt C, Cresteil T, Roland S. Anticancer Activity of Silver-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Caspase-Independent Induction of Apoptosis via Mitochondrial Apoptosis-Inducing Factor (AIF). ChemMedChem 2012; 7:805-14. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Ajabnoor GMA, Crook T, Coley HM. Paclitaxel resistance is associated with switch from apoptotic to autophagic cell death in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e260. [PMID: 22278287 PMCID: PMC3270273 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Taxanes remain first line chemotherapy in management of metastatic breast cancer and have a key role in epithelial ovarian cancer, with increasingly common use of weekly paclitaxel dosing regimens. However, their clinical utility is limited by the development of chemoresistance. To address this, we modelled in vitro paclitaxel resistance in MCF-7 cells. We show that at clinically relevant drug doses, emerging paclitaxel resistance is associated with profound changes in cell death responses and a switch from apoptosis to autophagy as the principal mechanism of drug-induced cytotoxicity. This was characterised by a complete absence of caspase-mediated apoptotic cell death (using the pan-caspase-inhibitor Z-VAD) in paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7TaxR cells, compared with parent MCF-7 or MDA-MB-231 cell lines on paclitaxel challenge, downregulation of caspase-7, caspase-9 and BCl2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM) expression. Silencing with small interfering RNA to BIM in MCF-7 parental cells was sufficient to confer paclitaxel resistance, inferring the significance in downregulation of this protein in contributing to the resistant phenotype of the MCF-7TaxR cell line. Conversely, there was an increased autophagic response in the MCF-7TaxR cell line with reduced phospho-mTOR and relative resistance to the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin and RAD001. In conclusion, we show for the first time that paclitaxel resistance is associated with profound changes in cell death response with deletion of multiple apoptotic factors balanced by upregulation of the autophagic pathway and collateral sensitivity to platinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M A Ajabnoor
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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30
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Hussain A, Brahmbhatt K, Priyani A, Ahmed M, Rizvi TA, Sharma C. Eugenol Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Gemcitabine and Induces Anticarcinogenic and Anti-inflammatory Activity in Human Cervical Cancer Cells. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2011; 26:519-27. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2010.0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kruti Brahmbhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anita Priyani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Musthaq Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tahir A. Rizvi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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31
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Bakema JE, Ganzevles SH, Fluitsma DM, Schilham MW, Beelen RHJ, Valerius T, Lohse S, Glennie MJ, Medema JP, van Egmond M. Targeting FcαRI on Polymorphonuclear Cells Induces Tumor Cell Killing through Autophagy. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:726-32. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Eum KH, Lee M. Targeting the autophagy pathway using ectopic expression of Beclin 1 in combination with rapamycin in drug-resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Mol Cells 2011; 31:231-8. [PMID: 21350938 PMCID: PMC3932692 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of an apoptosis-targeting therapy may be limited in tumor cells with defects in apoptosis. Recently, considerable attention in the field of cancer therapy has been focused on the mammalian rapamycin target (mTOR), inhibition of which results in autophagic cell death. In our study using multidrug-resistant v-Ha-ras-transformed NIH3T3 (Ras-NIH 3T3/Mdr) cells, we demonstrated that rapamycin-induced cell death may result from 2 different mechanisms. At high rapamycin concentrations (≥ 100 nM), cell death may occur via an autophagy-dependent pathway, whereas at lower concentrations (≤ 10 nM), cell death may occur after G1-phase cell cycle arrest. This effect was accompanied by upregulation of p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1) expression via an autophagy-independent pathway. We also tested whether inhibition of mTOR with low concentrations of rapamycin and ectopic Beclin-1 expression would further sensitize multidrug resistance (MDR)-positive cancer cells by upregulating autophagy. Rapamycin at low concentrations might be insufficient to initiate autophagosome formation in autophagy but Beclin-1 overexpression triggered additional processes downstream of mTOR during G(1) cell cycle arrest by rapamycin. Our findings suggest that these combination strategies targeting autophagic cell death may yield significant benefits for cancer patients, because lowering rapamycin concentration for cancer treatment minimizes its side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Incheon, Incheon 406-772, Korea
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33
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Kobayashi T, Shimura T, Yajima T, Kubo N, Araki K, Wada W, Tsutsumi S, Suzuki H, Kuwano H, Raz A. Transient silencing of galectin-3 expression promotes both in vitro and in vivo drug-induced apoptosis of human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011; 28:367-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s10585-011-9376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Tiwari P, Kumar A, Balakrishnan S, Kushwaha HS, Mishra KP. Silibinin-induced apoptosis in MCF7 and T47D human breast carcinoma cells involves caspase-8 activation and mitochondrial pathway. Cancer Invest 2011; 29:12-20. [PMID: 21166494 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2010.535053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Silibinin, a natural flavonoid, under phase I/II clinical trial in prostate cancer patients was aimed to evaluate its chemotherapeutic potential in human breast cancer cell MCF7 and T47D. Results showed that T47D cells were found to be more sensitive to silibinin than MCF7 as observed by proliferation, clonogenic, and apoptotic assays, which was abrogated by pan-caspase inhibitor but remained unaffected by p53 inhibitor. Apoptotic events in both cell types differ temporally and also by magnitude that involved mitochondrial and caspase-8 activation pathway. These results have relevance in understanding silibinin treatment to breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Tiwari
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
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35
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Abstract
p53 is a key modulator of cellular stress responses. It is activated in the ischemic areas of brain, and contributes to neuronal apoptosis. In various stroke models, p53 deficiency or applications of p53 inhibitors can significantly attenuate brain damage. p53-mediated neuronal apoptosis occurs through various molecular mechanisms. The transcriptional pathway is an important mechanism through which p53 induces neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of its target gene p21(WAF), Peg3/Pw1 or p53-up-regulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA). In addition, p53 disrupts NF-kappaB binding to p300 and blocks NF-kappaB-mediated survival signaling. On the other hand, the transcription-independent pathway mechanism is also of great importance. In this pathway, p53 is translocated to mitochondrial and mediates the release of cytochrome c. In both pathways, p53 seems to play a key role in post-ischemic brain damage and has become a therapeutic target against stroke pathology.
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36
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Sun Y, Liu JH, Jin L, Lin SM, Yang Y, Sui YX, Shi H. Over-expression of the Beclin1 gene upregulates chemosensitivity to anti-cancer drugs by enhancing therapy-induced apoptosis in cervix squamous carcinoma CaSki cells. Cancer Lett 2010; 294:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schleicher SM, Moretti L, Varki V, Lu B. Progress in the unraveling of the endoplasmic reticulum stress/autophagy pathway and cancer: Implications for future therapeutic approaches. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cordo-Russo RI, Alaniz LD, Saccodossi N, Lompardía S, Blanco G, Alvarez E, García MG, Hajos SE. Hyaluronan induces migration of multidrug-resistant lymphoma cell lines in vitro through Tiam1 activation by a PI3K-dependent mechanism. Leuk Res 2010; 34:1525-32. [PMID: 20299090 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) modulates multidrug resistance (MDR) as well as cell migration. Tiam1 is involved in cytoskeleton reorganization during tumor invasion. In this report we show the relationship among HA, Tiam1, migration and MDR in murine lymphoma cell lines. We observed that MDR cells presented higher migratory capacity towards HA in vitro as well as higher constitutive active Tiam1 expression than the sensitive cell line. Besides, HA treatment induced migration towards HA of MDR cell lines through Tiam1 activation by a PI3K-dependent mechanism, showing that disruption of HA signaling would be useful in treatment of MDR hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía I Cordo-Russo
- Department of Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IDEHU-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Statin-triggered cell death in primary human lung mesenchymal cells involves p53-PUMA and release of Smac and Omi but not cytochrome c. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1803:452-67. [PMID: 20045437 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutarylcoenzyme CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase, the proximal enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis. They exhibit pleiotropic effects and are linked to health benefits for diseases including cancer and lung disease. Understanding their mechanism of action could point to new therapies, thus we investigated the response of primary cultured human airway mesenchymal cells, which play an effector role in asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), to simvastatin exposure. Simvastatin induced apoptosis involving caspase-9, -3 and -7, but not caspase-8 in airway smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. HMG-CoA inhibition did not alter cellular cholesterol content but did abrogate de novo cholesterol synthesis. Pro-apoptotic effects were prevented by exogenous mevalonate, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and farnesyl pyrophosphate, downstream products of HMG-CoA. Simvastatin increased expression of Bax, oligomerization of Bax and Bak, and expression of BH3-only p53-dependent genes, PUMA and NOXA. Inhibition of p53 and silencing of p53 unregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression partly counteracted simvastatin-induced cell death, suggesting a role for p53-independent mechanisms. Simvastatin did not induce mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, but did promote release of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, Smac and Omi. Simvastatin also inhibited mitochondrial fission with the loss of mitochondrial Drp1, an essential component of mitochondrial fission machinery. Thus, simvastatin activates novel apoptosis pathways in lung mesenchymal cells involving p53, IAP inhibitor release, and disruption of mitochondrial fission.
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Schneiders UM, Schyschka L, Rudy A, Vollmar AM. BH3-only proteins Mcl-1 and Bim as well as endonuclease G are targeted in spongistatin 1-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2009; 8:2914-25. [PMID: 19808980 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spongistatin 1, a marine experimental substance with chemotherapeutic potential, induces apoptosis and inhibits clonogenic survival of MCF-7 cells. Regarding the apoptotic signaling pathways of spongistatin 1, we present two major facts. Firstly, spongistatin 1-induced cell death, mainly caspase-independent, involves the proapoptotic proteins apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G. Both proteins translocate from mitochondria to the nucleus and contribute to spongistatin 1-mediated apoptosis as shown via gene silencing. Secondly, spongistatin 1 acts as a tubulin depolymerizing agent and is able to free the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim from its sequestration both by the microtubular complex and by the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. Silencing of Bim by small interfering RNA leads to a diminished translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and endonuclease G to the nucleus and subsequently reduces apoptosis rate. Thus, we identified Bim as an important factor upstream of mitochondria executing a central role in the caspase-independent apoptotic signaling pathway induced by spongistatin 1. Taken together, spongistatin 1 is both a valuable tool for the characterization of apoptotic pathways and a promising experimental anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta M Schneiders
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Mashima T, Sato S, Okabe S, Miyata S, Matsuura M, Sugimoto Y, Tsuruo T, Seimiya H. Acyl-CoA synthetase as a cancer survival factor: its inhibition enhances the efficacy of etoposide. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1556-62. [PMID: 19459852 PMCID: PMC11158289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01203.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is often elevated in cancer cells and plays an important role in their growth and malignancy. Acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS), which converts long-chain fatty acids to acyl-CoA, is overexpressed in various types of cancer. However, the role of ACS in cancer remains unknown. Here, we found that ACS enzyme activity is required for cancer cell survival. Namely, the ACS inhibitor Triacsin c induced massive apoptosis in glioma cells while this cell death was completely suppressed by overexpression of ACSL5, the Triacsin c-resistant ACS isozyme, but not by overexpression of a catalytically inactive ACSL5 mutant. ACS inhibition by Triacsin c markedly potentiated the Bax-induced intrinsic apoptotic pathway by promoting cytochrome c release and subsequent caspase activation. These effects were abrogated by ACSL5 overexpression. Correspondingly, ACS inhibition synergistically potentiated the glioma cell death induced by etoposide, a well-known activator of apoptosis. Furthermore, in a nude mouse xenograft model, Triacsin c at a non-toxic dose enhanced the antitumor efficacy of a low-dose chemotherapy with etoposide. These results indicate that ACS is an apoptosis suppressor and that ACS inhibition could be a rational strategy to amplify the antitumor effect of etoposide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Mashima
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Cheah YH, Nordin FJ, Sarip R, Tee TT, Azimahtol HLP, Sirat HM, Rashid BAA, Abdullah NR, Ismail Z. Combined xanthorrhizol-curcumin exhibits synergistic growth inhibitory activity via apoptosis induction in human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. Cancer Cell Int 2009; 9:1. [PMID: 19118501 PMCID: PMC2630298 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-9-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 01/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that combined effect of natural products may improve the treatment effectiveness in combating proliferation of cancer cells. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility that the combination of xanthorrhizol and curcumin might show synergistic growth inhibitory effect towards MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via apoptosis induction. The effective dose that produced 50% growth inhibition (GI50) was calculated from the log dose-response curve of fixed-combinations of xanthorrhizol and curcumin generated from the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The experimental GI50 value was used to determine the synergistic activity of the combination treatment by isobolographic analysis and combination-index method. Further investigation of mode of cell death induced by the combination treatment was conducted in the present study. Results Isobole analysis revealed that substances interaction was synergistic when xanthorrhizol and curcumin were added concurrently to the cultures but merely additive when they were added sequentially. The synergistic combination treatment was then applied to the cultures to investigate the mode of cell death induced by the treatment. Immunofluorescence staining using antibody MitoCapture™ revealed the possibility of altered mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is one of the hallmark of apoptosis. Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining assay showed the rate of apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells to increase in response to the treatment. Apoptotic cell death was further confirmed by DNA fragmentation assay, where internucleosomal excision of DNA was induced upon treatment with xanthorrhizol-curcumin. Conclusion This is the first time the combined cytotoxic effect of xanthorrhizol and curcumin on MDA-MB-231 cells has been documented and our findings provide experimental support to the hypothesis that combined xanthorrhizol-curcumin showed synergistic growth inhibitory activity on MDA-MB-231 cells via apoptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Hoong Cheah
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fariza Juliana Nordin
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rozie Sarip
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thiam Tsui Tee
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hawariah Lope Pihie Azimahtol
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University of Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hasnah M Sirat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 80310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Badrul Amini Abd Rashid
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Rain Abdullah
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zakiah Ismail
- Bioassay Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Promotion of glioma cell survival by acyl-CoA synthetase 5 under extracellular acidosis conditions. Oncogene 2008; 28:9-19. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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44
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Safa AR, Day TW, Wu CH. Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (C-FLIP): a novel target for cancer therapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2008; 8:37-46. [PMID: 18288942 DOI: 10.2174/156800908783497087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) has been identified as a protease-dead, procaspase-8-like regulator of death ligand-induced apoptosis, based on observations that c-FLIP impedes tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), Fas-L, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis by binding to FADD and/or caspase-8 or -10 in a ligand-dependent fashion, which in turn prevents death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) formation and subsequent activation of the caspase cascade. c-FLIP is a family of alternatively spliced variants, and primarily exists as long (c-FLIP(L)) and short (c-FLIP(S)) splice variants in human cells. Although c-FLIP has apoptogenic activity in some cell contexts, which is currently attributed to heterodimerization with caspase-8 at the DISC, accumulating evidence indicates an anti-apoptotic role for c-FLIP in various types of human cancers. For example, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that specifically knocked down expression of c-FLIP(L) in diverse human cancer cell lines, e.g., lung and cervical cancer cells, augmented TRAIL-induced DISC recruitment, and thereby enhanced effector caspase stimulation and apoptosis. Therefore, the outlook for the therapeutic index of c-FLIP-targeted drugs appears excellent, not only from the efficacy observed in experimental models of cancer therapy, but also because the current understanding of dual c-FLIP action in normal tissues supports the notion that c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapy will be well tolerated. Interestingly, Taxol, TRAIL, as well as several classes of small molecules induce c-FLIP downregulation in neoplastic cells. Efforts are underway to develop small-molecule drugs that induce c-FLIP downregulation and other c-FLIP-targeted cancer therapies. In this review, we assess the outlook for improving cancer therapy through c-FLIP-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad R Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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HEFFETER P, JUNGWIRTH U, JAKUPEC M, HARTINGER C, GALANSKI M, ELBLING L, MICKSCHE M, KEPPLER B, BERGER W. Resistance against novel anticancer metal compounds: Differences and similarities. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 11:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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46
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Stünkel W, Peh BK, Tan YC, Nayagam VM, Wang X, Salto-Tellez M, Ni B, Entzeroth M, Wood J. Function of the SIRT1 protein deacetylase in cancer. Biotechnol J 2008; 2:1360-8. [PMID: 17806102 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1 is linked to cellular survival pathways by virtue of keeping the tumor suppressor gene p53 and members of the forkhead transcription factor family deacetylated. To validate SIRT1 as a therapeutic anti-cancer target, we performed immunohistochemistry experiments to study the in vivo expression of SIRT1 in cancer specimens. We show that human SIRT1 is highly expressed in cancer cell lines as well as in tissue samples from colon carcinoma patients. Interestingly, there is a strong cytosolic component in the SIRT1 expression pattern. We further characterized SIRT1 in p53-wild-type and -mutant cell lines and show that SIRT1 mRNA-knockdown leads to a p53-independent decrease of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. In addition, SIRT1 expression has been found to be inducible upon DNA damage. A previously discovered small molecule SIRT1 inhibitor with nanomolar in vitro activity has been tested in cancer relevant assays. The SIRT1 inhibitory compound showed no potent anti-proliferative activity despite hitting its molecular target within tumor cells. From these studies we conclude that it may not be sufficient to block the catalytic function of SIRT1, and that its survival effects may be mainly brought about by means other then the deacetylase function. The increased cytosolic expression of SIRT1 in cancer cells could be an indicator of such novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Stünkel
- S*BIO PTE Ltd, 1 Singapore Science Park II, Singapore, Singapore
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47
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Lorenzo HK, Susin SA. Therapeutic potential of AIF-mediated caspase-independent programmed cell death. Drug Resist Updat 2008; 10:235-55. [PMID: 18180198 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2007.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to anticancer drugs is often related to deficient cell death execution pathways in cancer cells. Apoptosis, which denotes a form of cell death executed by caspases, was traditionally considered as the only physiological and programmed form of cell death. However, recent evidence indicates that programmed cell death (PCD) can occur in complete absence of caspase activation. Indeed, a large number of caspase-independent models are now defined and a key protein implicated in this type of PCD, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), has been identified. AIF is a mitochondrial protein with two faces looking in opposite life/death directions. Recently, the identification of five different isoforms allowed a better characterization of AIFs life/mitochondrial versus death/nuclear functions, as well as definition of its pro-apoptotic region and some of its nuclear partners. Importantly, much work on caspase-independent PCD has revealed that AIF participates in more PCD systems than initially thought. A wider molecular knowledge of AIF, and of the caspase-independent PCDs in which it is involved, are key to provide new insights into the role of PCD. There is no doubt that these insights will lead to the development of more selective and efficient drugs against cancer, degenerative diseases, and other pathological disorders implicating AIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans K Lorenzo
- INSERM U542, Institut André Lwoff, Lavoisier Building, 94803 Villejuif, France.
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48
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BH3 mimetics to improve cancer therapy; mechanisms and examples. Drug Resist Updat 2007; 10:207-17. [PMID: 17921043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell survival is highly dependent on the expression of certain pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins. An attractive therapeutic approach is to inhibit these proteins using agents that mimic the Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domains of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, which neutralize these proteins by binding to their surface hydrophobic grooves. A number of BH3 mimetic peptides and small molecules have been described, a few of which have advanced into clinical trials. Recent studies have highlighted ABT-737, a bona fide BH3 mimetic and potent inhibitor of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, as a promising anticancer agent. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of action of BH3 domains and several classes of BH3 mimetics, as well as the prospects of using these agents to improve cancer therapy.
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Bradshaw TD, Stone EL, Trapani V, Leong CO, Matthews CS, te Poele R, Stevens MFG. Mechanisms of acquired resistance to 2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole in breast cancer cell lines. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 110:57-68. [PMID: 17674193 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Compounds within the 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole class represent extremely potent and selective experimental antitumour agents. The lysylamide prodrug of 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole is undergoing phase I clinical evaluation. Extensive studies to elucidate mechanisms underlying the stark selectivity demonstrated potent cytosolic AhR ligand binding and cytochrome P450 1A1-catalysed bioactivation. Two human derived breast cell lines, initially exquisitely sensitive to this class of agent (GI50 < 5 nM) have been derived displaying acquired resistance to 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)benzothiazole (DF 203; GI50 > 50 microM). Cross resistance to 2-(4-amino-3-iodophenyl)benzothiazole and 2-(4-amino-3-cyanophenyl)benzothiazole is observed (GI50 > 30 microM) as is > 100-fold reduced sensitivity of the two variant lines to 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203). In contrast, cell lines possessing acquired resistance to DF 203 (203R) retain sensitivity to benzo[a]pyrene and doxorubicin. Examination of DF 203-treated cells by confocal microscopy and HPLC analyses of nutrient media concur revealing diminished depletion of DF 203 from medium and impaired intracellular DF 203 retention. In contrast to cytosolic arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptors of wild type cells, AhR appears constitutively localised within nuclei of 203R cells; consequently, DF 203 fails to drive transcription of cyp1a1. DF 203- and 5F 203-derived DNA adducts fall significantly in 203R cells. Reduced number and intensity of gamma H2AX foci report protection against DF 203-evoked DNA double strand breaks. In conclusion, aberrant AhR signalling underlies at least in part acquired resistance to DF 203. Intriguingly, comparisons of gene transcription profiles between sensitive and resistant paired lines reveal > 5-fold up-regulation of cyp1b1 expression, a protein implicated in resistance to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey D Bradshaw
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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50
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Moretti L, Yang ES, Kim KW, Lu B. Autophagy signaling in cancer and its potential as novel target to improve anticancer therapy. Drug Resist Updat 2007; 10:135-43. [PMID: 17627865 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Revised: 05/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Non-apoptotic forms of programmed cell death are targets for novel approaches in anticancer therapy. Indeed, cancer cells often present with mutations in the apoptotic machinery that result in resistance to most anticancer therapies and contribute to a relatively low response rate to therapies based on the use of pro-apoptotic strategies. (Macro-)autophagy can be a highly efficient mode of cell death induction by excessive self-digestion as demonstrated by our experiments that studied the effect of radiation to induce autophagy cell death in apoptosis-deficient cells. Despite current controversies on the possible role of autophagy in the process of carcinogenesis and cancer progression by promoting cell survival, autophagy can be seen as a backup cell death mechanism, when other cell death mechanisms fail. This review will focus on the pathways linking autophagy and cancer that are relevant for target identification and on pharmaceuticals that can be utilized to improve cancer therapy by targeting the autophagic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Moretti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1301 22nd Avenue South, B-902 The Vanderbilt Clinic, Nashville, TN 37232-5671, United States
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