1
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Abbas HAS, Nossier ES, El-Manawaty MA, El-Bayaa MN. New sulfonamide-based glycosides incorporated 1,2,3-triazole as cytotoxic agents through VEGFR-2 and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13028. [PMID: 38844493 PMCID: PMC11156913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
New sulfonamide-triazole-glycoside hybrids derivatives were designed, synthesised, and investigated for anticancer efficacy. The target glycosides' cytotoxic activity was studied with a panel of human cancer cell lines. Sulfonamide-based derivatives, 4, 7 and 9 exhibited promising activity against HepG-2 and MCF-7 (IC50 = 8.39-16.90 μM against HepG-2 and 19.57-21.15 μM against MCF-7) comparing with doxorubicin (IC50 = 13.76 ± 0.45, 17.44 ± 0.46 μM against HepG-2 and MCF-7, rescpectively). To detect the probable action mechanism, the inhibitory activity of these targets was studied against VEGFR-2, carbonic anhydrase isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII. Compoumds 7 and 9 gave favorable potency (IC50 = 1.33, 0.38 μM against VEGFR-2, 66, 40 nM against hCA IX and 7.6, 3.2 nM against hCA XII, respectively), comparing with sorafenib and SLC-0111 (IC50 = 0.43 μM, 53 and 4.8 nM, respectively). Moreover, the docking simulation was assessed to supply better rationalization and gain insight into the binding affinity between the promising derivatives and their targeted enzymes that was used for further modification in the anticancer field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebat-Allah S Abbas
- Department of Photochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Eman S Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11754, Egypt
- The National Committee of Drugs, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Cairo, 11516, Egypt
| | - May A El-Manawaty
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed N El-Bayaa
- Department of Photochemistry, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, 51452, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Mohamed AA, El-Hddad SSA, Aljohani AKB, Khedr F, Alatawi OM, Keshek DE, Ahmed S, Alsulaimany M, Almadani SA, El-Adl K, Hanafy NS. Iodoquinazoline-derived VEGFR-2 and EGFR T790M dual inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer evaluations. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107062. [PMID: 38150938 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new fourteen iodoquinazoline derivatives 7a-c to 13a-e and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents via dual targeting of EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. The new derivatives were designed according to the target receptors structural requirements. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cancer cell lines using MTT assay. Compound 13e showed the highest anticancer activities with IC50 = 5.70, 7.15, 5.76 and 6.50 µM against HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549 cell lines correspondingly. Compounds 7c, 9b and 13a-d exhibited very good anticancer effects against the tested cancer cell lines. The highly effective six derivatives 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e were examined against VERO normal cell lines to estimate their cytotoxic capabilities. Our conclusion revealed that compounds 7c, 10, 13b, 13c, 13d and 13e possessed low toxicity against VERO normal cells with IC50 prolonging from 41.66 to 53.99 μM. Also compounds 7a-c to 13a-e were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. Also, their ability to bind with both EGFR and VEGFR-2 receptors was examined by molecular modeling. Compounds 13e, 13d, 7c and 13c excellently inhibited VEGFR-2 activity with IC50 = 0.90, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 µM respectively. Moreover, Compounds 13e, 7c, 10 and 13d excellently inhibited EGFRT790M activity with IC50 = 0.30, 0.35, 0.45 and 0.47 µM respectively. Finally, our derivatives 7b, 13d and 13e showed good in silico calculated ADMET profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt; Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St, Dokki, Giza, A. R., Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed K B Aljohani
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fathalla Khedr
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Omar M Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa E Keshek
- Department of Biology, Jumum College University, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O Box7388, Makkah 21955, Sudia Arabia; Agriculture Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Marwa Alsulaimany
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara A Almadani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Noura S Hanafy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Ghorab MM, Soliman AM, El-Adl K, Hanafy NS. New quinazoline sulfonamide derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Identifying a promising hit with dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 inhibitory and radiosensitizing activity. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106791. [PMID: 37611529 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new quinazoline sulfonamide conjugates 2-16 and their evaluation as potential anticancer agents via dual targeting of EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. The newly synthesized compounds were designed based on the structure requirements of the target receptors and were confirmed using spectral data. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cancer cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7, HCT116 and A549) using MTT assay. The most active compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory activity against EGFRT790M and VEGFR-2. Compound 15 showed the most significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 0.0977 µM against MCF-7 and the most potent inhibitory activity against both EGFR and VEGFR with IC50 = 0.0728 and 0.0523 µM, respectively. Compound 15 was able to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The relative safety profile of 15 was assessed using HEK-293 normal cell line and an ADMET profile was carried out. Radiosensitizing evaluation of 15 proved its significant ability to sensitize the cancer cell to the effect of radiation after being subjected to a single dose of 8 Gy gamma irradiation. Molecular docking studies revealed that 15 could bind to the ATP-binding site of EGF and VEGF receptors, inhibiting their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa M Ghorab
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Aiten M Soliman
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo 11787, Egypt.
| | - Khaled El-Adl
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noura S Hanafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Zhang HB, Hu Y, Deng JL, Fang GY, Zeng Y. Insights into the involvement of long non-coding RNAs in doxorubicin resistance of cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1243934. [PMID: 37781691 PMCID: PMC10540237 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is one of the most classical chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer. However, resistance to the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin in tumor cells remains a major obstacle. Aberrant expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been associated with tumorigenesis and development via regulation of chromatin remodeling, transcription, and post-transcriptional processing. Emerging studies have also revealed that dysregulation of lncRNAs mediates the development of drug resistance through multiple molecules and pathways. In this review, we focus on the role and mechanism of lncRNAs in the progress of doxorubicin resistance in various cancers, which mainly include cellular drug transport, cell cycle disorder, anti-apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells, autophagy, tumor microenvironment, metabolic reprogramming and signaling pathways. This review is aimed to provide potential therapeutic targets for future cancer therapy, especially for the reversal of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease and China State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Li Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Ying Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital (Hangzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Changsha, China
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5
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Fu Y, Jia X, Yuan J, Yang Y, Zhang T, Yu Q, Zhou J, Wang T. Fam72a functions as a cell-cycle-controlled gene during proliferation and antagonizes apoptosis through reprogramming PP2A substrates. Dev Cell 2023; 58:398-415.e7. [PMID: 36868233 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is key to life. After decades of research, it is unclear whether any parts of this process have yet to be identified. Fam72a is a poorly characterized gene and is evolutionarily conserved across multicellular organisms. Here, we have found that Fam72a is a cell-cycle-regulated gene that is transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally regulated by FoxM1 and APC/C, respectively. Functionally, Fam72a directly binds to tubulin and both the Aα and B56 subunits of PP2A-B56 to modulate tubulin and Mcl1 phosphorylation, which in turn affects the progression of the cell cycle and signaling of apoptosis. Moreover, Fam72a is involved in early responses to chemotherapy, and it efficiently antagonizes various anticancer compounds such as CDK and Bcl2 inhibitors. Thus, Fam72a switches the tumor-suppressive PP2A to be oncogenic by reprogramming its substrates. These findings identify a regulatory axis of PP2A and a protein member in the cell cycle and tumorigenesis regulatory network in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xiaofan Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinwei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiujing Yu
- Department of Immunology and Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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6
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Functional stratification of cancer drugs through integrated network similarity. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:11. [PMID: 35440787 PMCID: PMC9018743 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drugs not only perturb their immediate protein targets but also modulate multiple signaling pathways. In this study, we explored networks modulated by several drugs across multiple cancer cell lines by integrating their targets with transcriptomic and phosphoproteomic data. As a result, we obtained 236 reconstructed networks covering five cell lines and 70 drugs. A rigorous topological and pathway analysis showed that chemically and functionally different drugs may modulate overlapping networks. Additionally, we revealed a set of tumor-specific hidden pathways with the help of drug network models that are not detectable from the initial data. The difference in the target selectivity of the drugs leads to disjoint networks despite sharing a similar mechanism of action, e.g., HDAC inhibitors. We also used the reconstructed network models to study potential drug combinations based on the topological separation and found literature evidence for a set of drug pairs. Overall, network-level exploration of drug-modulated pathways and their deep comparison may potentially help optimize treatment strategies and suggest new drug combinations.
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7
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Di Mambro T, Vanzolini T, Bruscolini P, Perez-Gaviro S, Marra E, Roscilli G, Bianchi M, Fraternale A, Schiavano GF, Canonico B, Magnani M. A new humanized antibody is effective against pathogenic fungi in vitro. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19500. [PMID: 34593880 PMCID: PMC8484667 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections mainly affect patients undergoing transplantation, surgery, neoplastic disease, immunocompromised subjects and premature infants, and cause over 1.5 million deaths every year. The most common fungi isolated in invasive diseases are Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Aspergillus spp. and even if four classes of antifungals are available (Azoles, Echinocandins, Polyenes and Pyrimidine analogues), the side effects of drugs and fungal acquired and innate resistance represent the major hurdles to be overcome. Monoclonal antibodies are powerful tools currently used as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in different clinical contexts but not yet developed for the treatment of invasive fungal infections. In this paper we report the development of the first humanized monoclonal antibody specific for β-1,3 glucans, a vital component of several pathogenic fungi. H5K1 has been tested on C. auris, one of the most urgent threats and resulted efficient both alone and in combination with Caspofungin and Amphotericin B showing an enhancement effect. Our results support further preclinical and clinical developments for the use of H5K1 in the treatment of patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Di Mambro
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy ,Diatheva S.R.L, Via Sant’Anna 131/135, 61030 Cartoceto, Italy
| | - Tania Vanzolini
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Bruscolini
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Perez-Gaviro
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.467120.6Centro Universitario de la Defensa, 50090 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emanuele Marra
- Takis S.R.L, Via di Castel Romano 100, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marzia Bianchi
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fraternale
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuditta Fiorella Schiavano
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Humanities, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Mauro Magnani
- grid.12711.340000 0001 2369 7670Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino “Carlo Bo”, 61029 Urbino, Italy ,Diatheva S.R.L, Via Sant’Anna 131/135, 61030 Cartoceto, Italy
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8
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Cava C, Pini S, Taramelli D, Castiglioni I. Perturbations of pathway co-expression network identify a core network in metastatic breast cancer. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 87:107313. [PMID: 32590221 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metastases are the main cause of death in advanced breast cancer (BC) patients. Although chemotherapy and hormone therapy are current treatment strategies, drug resistance is frequent and still not completely understood. In this study, a bioinformatics analysis was performed on BC patients to explore the molecular mechanisms associated with BC metastasis. Microarray gene expression profiles of metastatic and non metastatic BC patients were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset. Raw data were normalized and merged using the Combat tool. Pathways enriched with differently expressed genes were identified and a pathway co-expression network was generated using Pearson's correlation. We identified from this network, which includes 17 pathways and 128 interactions, the pathways that most influence the network efficiency. Moreover, protein interaction network was investigated to identify hub genes of the pathway network. The prognostic role of the network was evaluated with a survival analysis using an independent dataset. In conclusion, the pathway co-expression network could contribute to understanding the mechanism and development of BC metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cava
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Simone Pini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Donatella Taramelli
- Department of Pharmacological & Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), University of Milan, Via Pascal 36, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Via F.Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Milan, Italy
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9
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Menden MP, Wang D, Mason MJ, Szalai B, Bulusu KC, Guan Y, Yu T, Kang J, Jeon M, Wolfinger R, Nguyen T, Zaslavskiy M, Jang IS, Ghazoui Z, Ahsen ME, Vogel R, Neto EC, Norman T, Tang EKY, Garnett MJ, Veroli GYD, Fawell S, Stolovitzky G, Guinney J, Dry JR, Saez-Rodriguez J. Community assessment to advance computational prediction of cancer drug combinations in a pharmacogenomic screen. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2674. [PMID: 31209238 PMCID: PMC6572829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09799-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of most cancer targeted therapies is short-lived. Tumors often develop resistance that might be overcome with drug combinations. However, the number of possible combinations is vast, necessitating data-driven approaches to find optimal patient-specific treatments. Here we report AstraZeneca's large drug combination dataset, consisting of 11,576 experiments from 910 combinations across 85 molecularly characterized cancer cell lines, and results of a DREAM Challenge to evaluate computational strategies for predicting synergistic drug pairs and biomarkers. 160 teams participated to provide a comprehensive methodological development and benchmarking. Winning methods incorporate prior knowledge of drug-target interactions. Synergy is predicted with an accuracy matching biological replicates for >60% of combinations. However, 20% of drug combinations are poorly predicted by all methods. Genomic rationale for synergy predictions are identified, including ADAM17 inhibitor antagonism when combined with PIK3CB/D inhibition contrasting to synergy when combined with other PI3K-pathway inhibitors in PIK3CA mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Menden
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, D-85764, Germany
| | - Dennis Wang
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | | | - Bence Szalai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University (MTA-SE), Budapest, 1085, Hungary
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen, 52062, Germany
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA
| | - Thomas Yu
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, WA, 98121, USA
| | - Jaewoo Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Minji Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | | | - Tin Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, 89557, USA
| | - Mikhail Zaslavskiy
- Independent Consultant in Computational Biology, Owkin, Inc., New York, NY, 10022, USA
| | | | - Zara Ghazoui
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
| | - Mehmet Eren Ahsen
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, USA
| | - Robert Vogel
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, USA
| | | | | | - Eric K Y Tang
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
| | | | - Giovanni Y Di Veroli
- Early Clinical Development, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, SG8 6EH, UK
| | - Stephen Fawell
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
| | - Gustavo Stolovitzky
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, 10598, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Dry
- Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- European Bioinformatics Institute, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK.
- RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, Aachen, 52062, Germany.
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Bioquant, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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10
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Cardama GA, Gonzalez N, Maggio J, Menna PL, Gomez DE. Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1025-1034. [PMID: 28848995 PMCID: PMC5592879 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases are key molecular switches controlling the transduction of external signals to cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors. In the last few years, the development of genetic and pharmacological tools has allowed a more precise definition of the specific roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. The aim of the present review is to describe the cellular functions regulated by these proteins with focus in deregulated signals present in malignant tumors. Finally, we describe the state of the art in search of different experimental therapeutic strategies with Rho GTPases as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Cardama
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Maggio
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Lorenzano Menna
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D E Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Science and Technology, Quilmes National University, Bernal B1876BXD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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Chen D, Zhang H, Lu P, Liu X, Cao H. Synergy evaluation by a pathway-pathway interaction network: a new way to predict drug combination. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:614-23. [PMID: 26687590 DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug combinations have been widely applied to treat complex diseases, like cancer, HIV and cardiovascular diseases. One of the most important characteristics for drug combinations is the synergistic effects among different drugs, that is to say, the combination effects are larger than the sum of individual effects. Although quantitative methods can be utilized to evaluate the synergistic effects based on experimental dose-response data, it is both time and resource consuming to screen all possible combinations by experimental trials. This problem makes it a formidable challenge to recognize synergistic combinations. Various attempts have been made to predict drug synergy by network biology, however, most of them are limited to estimating target associations on the PPI network. Here, we proposed a novel "pathway-pathway interaction" network-based synergy evaluation method to predict the potential synergistic drug combinations. Comparison with previous target-based methods shows that inclusion of systematic pathway-pathway interactions makes this novel method outperform others in predicting drug synergy. Moreover, it can also help to interpret how different drugs in a combination cooperate with each other to implement synergistic therapeutic effects. In general, drugs acting on the same pathway through different targets or drugs regulating a relatively small number of highly-connected pathways are more likely to produce synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Huamin Zhang
- Institute of Information on TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Xianli Liu
- Institute of Basic Theory of TCM, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hongxin Cao
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100027, China.
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12
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Gordon MS, Springett GM, Su YB, Ould-Kaci M, Wind S, Zhao Y, LoRusso PM. A Phase I dose-escalation study of afatinib combined with nintedanib in patients with advanced solid tumors. Future Oncol 2016; 11:1479-91. [PMID: 25963426 DOI: 10.2217/fon.15.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the safety and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of afatinib combined with nintedanib. MATERIALS & METHODS Patients received afatinib 10-20 mg daily plus nintedanib 150-200 mg twice daily (28-day cycle). Dose escalation followed a 3+3 design. RESULTS Patients received afatinib/nintedanib: 10/150 mg (n = 11); 10/200 mg (n = 13; MTD); 20/200 mg (n = 4). Four patients had dose-limiting toxicities (all grade 3): increased alanine aminotransferase (afatinib/nintedanib: 10/150 mg), diarrhea (10/200 mg), dehydration (20/200 mg), diarrhea with elevated liver enzymes (20/200 mg). Frequent treatment-related adverse events were diarrhea, nausea, anorexia, fatigue and vomiting. In total, 14 patients (46.2%) had objective responses at the MTD. CONCLUSION The MTD, afatinib 10 mg daily plus nintedanib 200 mg twice daily, had a manageable safety profile, but was considered subtherapeutic for Phase II evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Gordon
- Pinnacle Oncology Hematology, 9055 E Del Camino, Suite 100, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
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13
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Chen D, Liu X, Yang Y, Yang H, Lu P. Systematic synergy modeling: understanding drug synergy from a systems biology perspective. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2015; 9:56. [PMID: 26377814 PMCID: PMC4574089 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-015-0202-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Owing to drug synergy effects, drug combinations have become a new trend in combating complex diseases like cancer, HIV and cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional synergy quantification methods often depend on experimental dose–response data which are quite resource-demanding. In addition, these methods are unable to interpret the explicit synergy mechanism. In this review, we give representative examples of how systems biology modeling offers strategies toward better understanding of drug synergy, including the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network-based methods, pathway dynamic simulations, synergy network motif recognitions, integrative drug feature calculations, and “omic”-supported analyses. Although partially successful in drug synergy exploration and interpretation, more efforts should be put on a holistic understanding of drug-disease interactions, considering integrative pharmacology and toxicology factors. With a comprehensive and deep insight into the mechanism of drug synergy, systems biology opens a novel avenue for rational design of effective drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yiping Yang
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Peng Lu
- Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China. .,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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14
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Bordonaro M, Drago E, Atamna W, Lazarova DL. Comprehensive suppression of all apoptosis-induced proliferation pathways as a proposed approach to colorectal cancer prevention and therapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115068. [PMID: 25500581 PMCID: PMC4263739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the WNT/beta-catenin pathway are present in the majority of all sporadic colorectal cancers (CRCs), and histone deacetylase inhibitors induce apoptosis in CRC cells with such mutations. This apoptosis is counteracted by (1) the signaling heterogeneity of CRC cell populations, and (2) the survival pathways induced by mitogens secreted from apoptotic cells. The phenomena of signaling heterogeneity and apoptosis-induced survival constitute the immediate mechanisms of resistance to histone deacetylase inhibitors, and probably other chemotherapeutic agents. We explored the strategy of augmenting CRC cell death by inhibiting all survival pathways induced by the pro-apoptotic agent LBH589, a histone deacetylase inhibitor: AKT, JAK/STAT, and ERK signaling. The apoptosis-enhancing ability of a cocktail of synthetic inhibitors of proliferation was compared to the effects of the natural product propolis. We utilized colorectal adenoma, drug-sensitive and drug-resistant colorectal carcinoma cells to evaluate the apoptotic potential of the combination treatments. The results suggest that an effective approach to CRC combination therapy is to combine apoptosis-inducing drugs (e.g., histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as LBH589) with agents that suppress all compensatory survival pathways induced during apoptosis (such as the cocktail of inhibitors of apoptosis-associated proliferation). The same paradigm can be applied to a CRC prevention approach, as the apoptotic effect of butyrate, a diet-derived histone deacetylase inhibitor, is augmented by other dietary agents that modulate survival pathways (e.g., propolis and coffee extract). Thus, dietary supplements composed by fermentable fiber, propolis, and coffee extract may effectively counteract neoplastic growth in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bordonaro
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States of America
| | - Eric Drago
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States of America
| | - Wafa Atamna
- California Northstate University, College of Medicine, 9700 West Taron Drive, Elk Grove, CA 95757, United States of America
| | - Darina L. Lazarova
- Department of Basic Sciences, The Commonwealth Medical College, 525 Pine Street, Scranton, PA 18509, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Yilancioglu K, Weinstein ZB, Meydan C, Akhmetov A, Toprak I, Durmaz A, Iossifov I, Kazan H, Roth FP, Cokol M. Target-independent prediction of drug synergies using only drug lipophilicity. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2286-93. [PMID: 25026390 PMCID: PMC4144720 DOI: 10.1021/ci500276x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Physicochemical
properties of compounds have been instrumental
in selecting lead compounds with increased drug-likeness. However,
the relationship between physicochemical properties of constituent
drugs and the tendency to exhibit drug interaction has not been systematically
studied. We assembled physicochemical descriptors for a set of antifungal
compounds (“drugs”) previously examined for interaction.
Analyzing the relationship between molecular weight, lipophilicity,
H-bond donor, and H-bond acceptor values for drugs and their propensity
to show pairwise antifungal drug synergy, we found that combinations
of two lipophilic drugs had a greater tendency to show drug synergy.
We developed a more refined decision tree model that successfully
predicted drug synergy in stringent cross-validation tests based on
only lipophilicity of drugs. Our predictions achieved a precision
of 63% and allowed successful prediction for 58% of synergistic drug
pairs, suggesting that this phenomenon can extend our understanding
for a substantial fraction of synergistic drug interactions. We also
generated and analyzed a large-scale synergistic human toxicity network,
in which we observed that combinations of lipophilic compounds show
a tendency for increased toxicity. Thus, lipophilicity, a simple and
easily determined molecular descriptor, is a powerful predictor of
drug synergy. It is well established that lipophilic compounds (i)
are promiscuous, having many targets in the cell, and (ii) often penetrate
into the cell via the cellular membrane by passive diffusion. We discuss
the positive relationship between drug lipophilicity and drug synergy
in the context of potential drug synergy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaan Yilancioglu
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, ⊥Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Computer Science and Engineering Program, and ▽Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, Sabanci University , Istanbul 34956, Turkey
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16
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Synergistic action by multi-targeting compounds produces a potent compound combination for human NSCLC both in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1138. [PMID: 24651441 PMCID: PMC3973217 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
By screening a collection of one hundred combinations of thiazolidinone compounds, we identified one combination (M4) that synergistically inhibited the growth of H460 and H460/TaxR cells and tumor growth in H460/TaxR xenograft mice. A whole genome microarray assay showed that genes involved in negative regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization, intracellular protein kinase cascade, positive regulation of histone acetylation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were upregulated. Further analysis proved that the four compounds act as either microtubule polymerization inhibitors or histone deacetylase inhibitors. They act synergistically targeting multiple proteins and leading to the regulation of cell cycle checkpoint proteins, including p53, p21, cdc25C and cdc2, the activation of caspases, JNK, p38 cascades and the inactivation of Akt. These events resulted in the G2/M cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis. These data provide a new strategy for discovering anticancer drugs and drug combinations for drug-resistant cancers.
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17
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Trosset JY, Carbonell P. Synergistic Synthetic Biology: Units in Concert. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2013; 1:11. [PMID: 25022769 PMCID: PMC4090895 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2013.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biology aims at translating the methods and strategies from engineering into biology in order to streamline the design and construction of biological devices through standardized parts. Modular synthetic biology devices are designed by means of an adequate elimination of cross-talk that makes circuits orthogonal and specific. To that end, synthetic constructs need to be adequately optimized through in silico modeling by choosing the right complement of genetic parts and by experimental tuning through directed evolution and craftsmanship. In this review, we consider an additional and complementary tool available to the synthetic biologist for innovative design and successful construction of desired circuit functionalities: biological synergies. Synergy is a prevalent emergent property in biological systems that arises from the concerted action of multiple factors producing an amplification or cancelation effect compared with individual actions alone. Synergies appear in domains as diverse as those involved in chemical and protein activity, polypharmacology, and metabolic pathway complementarity. In conventional synthetic biology designs, synergistic cross-talk between parts and modules is generally attenuated in order to verify their orthogonality. Synergistic interactions, however, can induce emergent behavior that might prove useful for synthetic biology applications, like in functional circuit design, multi-drug treatment, or in sensing and delivery devices. Synergistic design principles are therefore complementary to those coming from orthogonal design and may provide added value to synthetic biology applications. The appropriate modeling, characterization, and design of synergies between biological parts and units will allow the discovery of yet unforeseeable, novel synthetic biology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Carbonell
- BioRetroSynth Laboratory, Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Evry-Val d'Essonne , Evry , France ; BioRetroSynth Laboratory, Institute of Systems and Synthetic Biology, CNRS , Evry , France
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18
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Thiyagarajan M, Anderson H, Gonzales XF. Induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemia cells by remote exposure of resistive barrier cold plasma. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 111:565-74. [PMID: 24022746 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), an ambient temperature ionized gas, is gaining extensive interest as a promising addition to anti-tumor therapy primarily due to the ability to generate and control delivery of electrons, ions, excited molecules, UV photons, and reactive species such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to a specific site. The heterogeneous composition of CAP offers the opportunity to mediate several signaling pathways that regulate tumor cells. Consequently, the array of CAP generated products has limited the identification of the mechanisms of action on tumor cells. The aim of this work is to assess the cell death response of human myeloid leukemia cells by remote exposure to CAP generated RNS by utilizing a novel resistive barrier discharge system that primarily produces RNS. The effect of variable treatments of CAP generated RNS was tested in THP-1 cell (human monocytic leukemia cell line), a model for hematological malignancy. The number of viable cells was evaluated with erythrosine-B staining, while apoptosis and necrosis was assessed by endonuclease cleavage observed by agarose gel electrophoresis and detection of cells with the exclusionary dye propidium iodide and fluorescently labeled annexin-V by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Our observations indicate that treatment dosage levels of 45 s of exposure to CAP emitted RNS-induced apoptotic cell death and for higher dosage conditions of ≥50 s of exposure to CAP induced necrosis. Overall the results suggest that CAP emitted RNS play a significant role in the anti-tumor potential of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magesh Thiyagarajan
- Plasma Engineering Research Lab (PERL), Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, EN 222D Engineering Building, 6300 Ocean Drive, Unit 5797, Corpus Christi, Texas, 78412.
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Abstract
It is now well recognized that in the vast majority of tumor types, for the approach of “kinase inhibition” to exhibit a significant effect, whether the data are from an in vitro assay, an animal model or the clinic, requires that multiple complementary kinases be simultaneously inhibited. This combined inhibition is not only kill the tumor cell but also to suppress and kill tumor cells that seek to avoid the initial induction of death processes via compensatory survival signaling mechanisms.1 Even within the broad brush definition of carcinomas from a particular organ, there are a range of mutations which present that will profoundly or sometimes more subtly change the paradigm for therapeutic intervention using multiple kinase inhibitor combinations. For example, in colorectal cancer the K-RAS oncogene frequently has an activating mutation implying that inhibition of RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling, but not an initiating receptor upstream of K-RAS, could have a therapeutic effect; however, some colon cell lines with the K-RAS mutation are still noted to be sensitive to upstream ERBB1 inhibitors.2,3 Also, compensatory feedback survival signaling loops can cause, after inhibition of a mutant active intracellular oncogenic kinase such as B-RAF V600E, a survival activation of growth factor receptors in a tumor cell.4 The clinical studies in the manuscript by Al-Marrawi et al. describe the rational combination of signaling inhibitors in a colon cancer patient whose tumor cells express a mutant active B-RAF V600E protein that signals into the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway downstream of K-RAS; this is a particularly aggressive form of colon cancer for which few rational therapeutic interventions have been available until recent times.5,6
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Neurosurgery; Massey Cancer Center; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond, VA USA
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20
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Zhang L, Hao C, Shen X, Hong G, Li H, Zhou X, Liu C, Guo Z. Rank-based predictors for response and prognosis of neoadjuvant taxane-anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 139:361-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-013-2566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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21
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Bose P, Brockton NT, Dort JC. Head and neck cancer: from anatomy to biology. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:2013-23. [PMID: 23417723 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The 20th century saw great advances in anatomy-based (surgery and radiotherapy) and chemotherapy approaches for treating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and improving quality of life (QoL). However, despite these advances, the survival rate in HNSCC remains at ∼50%. Front-line treatments often cause severe toxicity and debilitating long-term impacts on QoL. In recent decades, dramatic advances have been made in our knowledge of fundamental tumor biology and signaling pathways that contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. These insights are presenting unprecedented opportunities to develop more effective and less toxic treatments that are specific to particular molecular targets. This review discusses some of the major, potentially targetable, molecular pathways associated with head and neck carcinogenesis. We present the general mechanism underlying the functional components for each signaling pathway, discuss how these components are aberrantly regulated in HNSCC and describe their potential as therapeutic targets. We have restricted our discussion to "drug-able targets" such as oncogenes including those associated with HPV, tumor hypoxia and microRNAs and present these changes in the context of HNSCC patient care. The specific targeting of these pathways to achieve cancer control/remission and reduce toxicity is now challenging conventional treatment paradigms in HNSCC. This new "biologic era" is transforming our ability to target causal pathways and improve survival outcomes in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Bose
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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22
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Zheng X, He K, Zhang L, Yu J. Crizotinib induces PUMA-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:777-86. [PMID: 23427294 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-1146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oncogenic alterations in MET or anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) have been identified in a variety of human cancers. Crizotinib (PF02341066) is a dual MET and ALK inhibitor and approved for the treatment of a subset of non-small cell lung carcinoma and in clinical development for other malignancies. Crizotinib can induce apoptosis in cancer cells, whereas the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we found that crizotinib induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells through the BH3-only protein PUMA. In cells with wild-type p53, crizotinib induces rapid induction of PUMA and Bim accompanied by p53 stabilization and DNA damage response. The induction of PUMA and Bim is mediated largely by p53, and deficiency in PUMA or p53, but not Bim, blocks crizotinib-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, MET knockdown led to selective induction of PUMA, but not Bim or p53. Crizotinib also induced PUMA-dependent apoptosis in p53-deficient colon cancer cells and synergized with gefitinib or sorafenib to induce marked apoptosis via PUMA in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, PUMA deficiency suppressed apoptosis and therapeutic responses to crizotinib in xenograft models. These results establish a critical role of PUMA in mediating apoptotic responses of colon cancer cells to crizotinib and suggest that mechanisms of oncogenic addiction to MET/ALK-mediated survival may be cell type-specific. These findings have important implications for future clinical development of crizotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingnan Zheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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23
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Current second-line treatment options for patients with castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) resistant to docetaxel. Urol Oncol 2012; 30:762-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2010.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2009] [Revised: 01/31/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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CIB1 prevents nuclear GAPDH accumulation and non-apoptotic tumor cell death via AKT and ERK signaling. Oncogene 2012; 32:4017-27. [PMID: 22964641 PMCID: PMC3530648 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CIB1 is a 22-kDa regulatory protein previously implicated in cell survival and proliferation. However, the mechanism by which CIB1 regulates these processes is poorly defined. Here we report that CIB1 depletion in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells promotes non-apoptotic, caspase-independent cell death that is not initiated by increased outer mitochondrial membrane permeability or translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor to the nucleus. Instead, cell death requires nuclear GAPDH accumulation. Furthermore, CIB1 depletion disrupts two commonly dysregulated, oncogenic pathways– PI3K/AKT and Ras/MEK/ERK, resulting in a synergistic mechanism of cell death, which was mimicked by simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of both pathways, but not either pathway alone. In defining each pathway’s contributions, we found that AKT inhibition alone maximally induced GAPDH nuclear accumulation, whereas MEK/ERK inhibition alone had no effect on GAPDH localization. Concurrent GAPDH nuclear accumulation and ERK inhibition were required however, to induce a significant DNA damage response, which was critical to subsequent cell death. Collectively, our results indicate that CIB1 is uniquely positioned to regulate PI3K/AKT and MEK/ERK signaling and that simultaneous disruption of these pathways synergistically induces a nuclear GAPDH-dependent cell death. The mechanistic insights into cell death induced by CIB1 interference suggest novel molecular targets for cancer therapy.
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Halldén G, Portella G. Oncolytic virotherapy with modified adenoviruses and novel therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2012; 16:945-58. [PMID: 22880939 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2012.712962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous oncolytic viral mutants derived from a variety of strains have antitumor efficacy with limited or no toxicity to normal tissue. While all modes of administration were determined to be safe in patients with solid cancers refractory to current standard of care, this therapeutic approach requires further improvements to achieve definite efficacy. AREAS COVERED We review the most promising clinical developments with several oncolytic viruses. The focus is on preclinical and clinical findings with replication-selective adenoviral mutants including ONYX-015, H101 and Ad5ΔCR mutants that, to date, are the most studied oncolytic viruses. Cellular pathways reported to play a role in virus-induced cell killing are reviewed as potential targets for the development of more effective combinatorial therapies. EXPERT OPINION The most promising clinical outcomes for metastatic cancers have been reported for oncolytic vaccinia and herpes virus mutants expressing the cytokine GMCSF. However, highly efficacious and selective adenoviral mutants have been developed that interact synergistically with cytotoxic drugs in model systems. We anticipate that by delineating the cellular targets for synergistic cancer cell killing in response to adenoviral mutants and drugs such as apoptosis and autophagy signaling, greatly improved anticancer therapies will result in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnel Halldén
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts Cancer Institute, Centre for Molecular Oncology, London, UK
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Dent P, Tang Y, Yacoub A, Dai Y, Fisher PB, Grant S. CHK1 inhibitors in combination chemotherapy: thinking beyond the cell cycle. Mol Interv 2011; 11:133-40. [PMID: 21540473 DOI: 10.1124/mi.11.2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular sensing of DNA damage, along with concomitant cell cycle arrest, is mediated by a great many proteins and enzymes. One focus of pharmaceutical development has been the inhibition of DNA damage signaling, and checkpoint kinases (Chks) in particular, as a means to sensitize proliferating tumor cells to chemotherapies that damage DNA. 7-Hydroxystaurosporine, or UCN-01, is a clinically relevant and well-studied kinase activity inhibitor that exerts chemosensitizing effects by inhibition of Chk1, and a multitude of Chk1 inhibitors have entered development. Clinical development of UCN-01 has overcome many initial obstacles, but the drug has nevertheless failed to show a high level of clinical activity when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. One very likely reason for the lack of clinical efficacy of Chk1 inhibitors may be that the inhibition of Chk1 causes the compensatory activation of ATM and ERK1/2 pathways. Indeed, inhibition of many enzyme activities, not necessarily components of cell cycle regulation, may block Chk1 inhibitor-induced ERK1/2 activation and enhance the toxicity of Chk1 inhibitors. This review examines the rationally hypothesized actions of Chk1 inhibitors as cell cycle modulatory drugs as well as the impact of Chk1 inhibition upon other cell survival signaling pathways. An understanding of Chk1 inhibition in multiple signaling contexts will be essential to the therapeutic development of Chk1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dent
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Massey Cancer Center, 401 College Street, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA.
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27
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Bernier AJ, Zhang J, Lillehoj E, Shaw ARE, Gunasekara N, Hugh JC. Non-cysteine linked MUC1 cytoplasmic dimers are required for Src recruitment and ICAM-1 binding induced cell invasion. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:93. [PMID: 21798038 PMCID: PMC3161956 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mucin MUC1, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in breast cancer and has been correlated with increased metastasis. We were the first to report binding between MUC1 and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is expressed on stromal and endothelial cells throughout the migratory tract of a metastasizing breast cancer cell. Subsequently, we found that MUC1/ICAM-1 binding results in pro-migratory calcium oscillations, cytoskeletal reorganization, and simulated transendothelial migration. These events were found to involve Src kinase, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase also implicated in breast cancer initiation and progression. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of MUC1/ICAM-1 signalling, focusing on the role of MUC1 dimerization in Src recruitment and pro-metastatic signalling. Methods To assay MUC1 dimerization, we used a chemical crosslinker which allowed for the detection of dimers on SDS-PAGE. We then generated MUC1 constructs containing an engineered domain which allowed for manipulation of dimerization status through the addition of ligands to the engineered domain. Following manipulation of dimerization, we immunoprecipitated MUC1 to investigate recruitment of Src, or assayed for our previously observed ICAM-1 binding induced events. To investigate the nature of MUC1 dimers, we used both non-reducing SDS-PAGE and generated a mutant construct lacking cysteine residues. Results We first demonstrate that the previously observed MUC1/ICAM-1signalling events are dependent on the activity of Src kinase. We then report that MUC1 forms constitutive cytoplasmic domain dimers which are necessary for Src recruitment, ICAM-1 induced calcium oscillations and simulated transendothelial migration. The dimers are not covalently linked constitutively or following ICAM-1 binding. In contrast to previously published reports, we found that membrane proximal cysteine residues were not involved in dimerization or ICAM-1 induced signalling. Conclusions Our data implicates non-cysteine linked MUC1 dimerization in cell signalling pathways required for cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn J Bernier
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 3-70 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Serkova NJ. Translational imaging endpoints to predict treatment response to novel targeted anticancer agents. Drug Resist Updat 2011; 14:224-35. [PMID: 21640633 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) and World Health Organization (WHO) Criteria have been traditionally used for the evaluation of therapeutic response to chemotherapeutic treatment regimens. They determine anatomic criteria for patients response to anti-cancer therapy based on morphological measurements of each target lesion. While this assessment is justified for cytotoxic (chemotherapeutic) drugs, it is now recognized that morphological imaging protocols are poorly suited to the evaluation of the efficacy of novel signal transduction inhibitors (STIs) which exhibit cytostatic rather than cytotoxic properties. New imaging technologies are now designed to evaluate, in a functional manner, modifications in tumor metabolic activity, cellularity, and vascularization before a reduction in tumor volume can be detected. Introduction of physiological imaging end-points, derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) imaging protocols--including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US)--allow for early assessment of disruption in tumor perfusion and permeability for targeted anti-angiogenic agents. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) provides another physiological imaging end-point since tumor necrosis and cellularity are seen early in response to anti-angiogenic treatment. Changes in glucose and phospholipid turnover, based on metabolic MRI and positron emission tomography (PET), provide reliable markers for therapeutic response to novel receptor-targeting agents. Finally, novel molecular imaging techniques of protein and gene expression have been developed in animal models followed by a successful human application for gene therapy-based protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Gallic acid indanone and mangiferin xanthone are strong determinants of immunosuppressive anti-tumour effects of Mangifera indica L. bark in MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 305:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Jiang D, Sims CE, Allbritton NL. Single-cell analysis of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphatase and tensin homolog activation. Faraday Discuss 2011; 149:187-200; discussion 227-45. [PMID: 21221426 DOI: 10.1039/c005362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A single-cell assay was developed to measure the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) using microanalytical chemical separations and a fluorescently labeled lipid substrate. Phosphatidyl-inositol 4,5 bisphosphate labeled on its acyl chain with Bodipy fluorescein (Bodipy Fl PIP(2)) was utilized as a substrate for both in vitro and cell-based assays. Detection limits for the substrate and product of the PI3K reaction were 10 to 20 zeptomol. In vitro assays with PI3K with and without pharmacologic inhibitors demonstrated that Bodipy Fl PIP(2) was converted to phosphatidyl-inositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (Bodipy Fl PIP(3)). Bodipy Fl PIP(3) could be back converted to Bodipy Fl PIP(2) by the phosphatase PTEN. When Bodipy Fl PIP(2) was added to a cell lysate, 1.4 fmol of the Bodipy Fl PIP(3) were produced per ng of protein in the cytoplasmic extract in 10 min. Addition of Bodipy Fl PIP(3) to a cell lysate yielded 3 fmol of Bodipy Fl PIP(2) per ng of protein in 8 min. Both Bodipy Fl PIP(2) and Bodipy Fl PIP(3) were measureable in single cells and the two species could be inter-converted. Under the appropriate conditions, a fluorescent diacylglycerol was also detected in single cells. When the FcepsilonR 1 receptor on the cells loaded with the fluorescent lipid was cross-linked, the amount of Bodipy Fl PIP(3) generated per cell increased 4-fold over that of unstimulated cells. This production of Bodipy Fl PIP(3) was blocked by wortmannin. Chemical cytometry utilizing the fluorescent lipids will be of value in understanding lipid metabolism at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Garofalo A, Goossens L, Six P, Lemoine A, Ravez S, Farce A, Depreux P. Impact of aryloxy-linked quinazolines: A novel series of selective VEGFR-2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Khanna A, Okkeri J, Bilgen T, Tiirikka T, Vihinen M, Visakorpi T, Westermarck J. ETS1 mediates MEK1/2-dependent overexpression of cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) in human cancer cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17979. [PMID: 21445343 PMCID: PMC3062549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EGFR-MEK-ERK signaling pathway has an established role in promoting malignant growth and disease progression in human cancers. Therefore identification of transcriptional targets mediating the oncogenic effects of the EGFR-MEK-ERK pathway would be highly relevant. Cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) is a recently characterized human oncoprotein. CIP2A promotes malignant cell growth and is over expressed at high frequency (40–80%) in most of the human cancer types. However, the mechanisms inducing its expression in cancer still remain largely unexplored. Here we present systematic analysis of contribution of potential gene regulatory mechanisms for high CIP2A expression in cancer. Our data shows that evolutionary conserved CpG islands at the proximal CIP2A promoter are not methylated both in normal and cancer cells. Furthermore, sequencing of the active CIP2A promoter region from altogether seven normal and malignant cell types did not reveal any sequence alterations that would increase CIP2A expression specifically in cancer cells. However, treatment of cancer cells with various signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that CIP2A mRNA expression was sensitive to inhibition of EGFR activity as well as inhibition or activation of MEK-ERK pathway. Moreover, MEK1/2-specific siRNAs decreased CIP2A protein expression. Series of CIP2A promoter-luciferase constructs were created to identify proximal −27 to −107 promoter region responsible for MEK-dependent stimulation of CIP2A expression. Additional mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed ETS1 as the transcription factor mediating stimulation of CIP2A expression through EGFR-MEK pathway. Thus, ETS1 is probably mediating high CIP2A expression in human cancers with increased EGFR-MEK1/2-ERK pathway activity. These results also suggest that in addition to its established role in invasion and angiogenesis, ETS1 may support malignant cellular growth via regulation of CIP2A expression and protein phosphatase 2A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchit Khanna
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Tampere Graduate Program in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (TGPBB), University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Okkeri
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Turker Bilgen
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Timo Tiirikka
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mauno Vihinen
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tapio Visakorpi
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Institute of Medical Technology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail:
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Garofalo A, Goossens L, Lemoine A, Ravez S, Six P, Howsam M, Farce A, Depreux P. [4-(6,7-Disubstituted quinazolin-4-ylamino)phenyl] carbamic acid esters: a novel series of dual EGFR/VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0md00183j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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A phase I dose-escalation study to evaluate safety and tolerability of sorafenib combined with sirolimus in patients with advanced solid cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:1637-43. [PMID: 21045832 PMCID: PMC2994217 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of sorafenib (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 inhibitor) and sirolimus (mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor) might work synergistically. METHODS A phase I dose-escalation study with sorafenib twice a day (b.i.d.) and sirolimus once daily (q.d.) was performed to determine the recommended dose of the combination in patients with solid tumours. Secondary objectives were to determine the safety profile and maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of the combination. RESULTS Dose-limiting toxicities were transaminitis and cutaneous toxicity. The most frequently reported adverse events were elevated transaminases, hypophosphatemia, fatigue, anorexia, diarrhoea, nausea, rash and palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia. Sirolimus did not change the PK of sorafenib; in contrast, sorafenib reduced the AUC(0-96) and C(max) of sirolimus. No objective responses were observed; eight patients showed stable disease for a median of 16.3 weeks (range 8-24). The MTD of the combination was sorafenib 200 mg b.i.d. with sirolimus 1 mg q.d. CONCLUSION The combination of sorafenib and sirolimus showed enhanced toxicity, which could not be explained by the PK of both drugs. The relative low doses at the MTD, in combination with the PK results, do not warrant further development of this combination.
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McAllister SD, Murase R, Christian RT, Lau D, Zielinski AJ, Allison J, Almanza C, Pakdel A, Lee J, Limbad C, Liu Y, Debs RJ, Moore DH, Desprez PY. Pathways mediating the effects of cannabidiol on the reduction of breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 129:37-47. [PMID: 20859676 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis of aggressive breast cancer cells are the final and fatal steps during cancer progression. Clinically, there are still limited therapeutic interventions for aggressive and metastatic breast cancers available. Therefore, effective, targeted, and non-toxic therapies are urgently required. Id-1, an inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, has recently been shown to be a key regulator of the metastatic potential of breast and additional cancers. We previously reported that cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid with a low toxicity profile, down-regulated Id-1 gene expression in aggressive human breast cancer cells in culture. Using cell proliferation and invasion assays, cell flow cytometry to examine cell cycle and the formation of reactive oxygen species, and Western analysis, we determined pathways leading to the down-regulation of Id-1 expression by CBD and consequently to the inhibition of the proliferative and invasive phenotype of human breast cancer cells. Then, using the mouse 4T1 mammary tumor cell line and the ranksum test, two different syngeneic models of tumor metastasis to the lungs were chosen to determine whether treatment with CBD would reduce metastasis in vivo. We show that CBD inhibits human breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through differential modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways, and that both pathways lead to down-regulation of Id-1 expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that CBD up-regulates the pro-differentiation factor, Id-2. Using immune competent mice, we then show that treatment with CBD significantly reduces primary tumor mass as well as the size and number of lung metastatic foci in two models of metastasis. Our data demonstrate the efficacy of CBD in pre-clinical models of breast cancer. The results have the potential to lead to the development of novel non-toxic compounds for the treatment of breast cancer metastasis, and the information gained from these experiments broaden our knowledge of both Id-1 and cannabinoid biology as it pertains to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D McAllister
- California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA.
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Lai SY, Johnson FM. Defining the role of the JAK-STAT pathway in head and neck and thoracic malignancies: implications for future therapeutic approaches. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:67-78. [PMID: 20471303 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway has been most extensively studied in hematopoietic cells and hematologic malignancies, it is also activated in epithelial tumors, including those originating in the lungs and head and neck. The canonical pathway involves the activation of JAK following ligand binding to cytokine receptors. The activated JAKs then phosphorylate STAT proteins, leading to their dimerization and translocation into the nucleus. In the nucleus, STATs act as transcription factors with pleiotropic downstream effects. STATs can be activated independently of JAKs, most notably by c-Src kinases. In cancer cells, STAT3 and STAT5 activation leads to the increased expression of downstream target genes, leading to increased cell proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and immune system evasion. STAT3 and STAT5 are expressed and activated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) where they contribute to cell survival and proliferation. In HNSCC, STATs can be activated by a number of signal transduction pathways, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), alpha7 nicotinic receptor, interleukin (IL) receptor, and erythropoietin receptor pathways. Activated STATs are also expressed in lung cancer, but the biological effects of JAK/STAT inhibition in this cancer are variable. In lung cancer, STAT3 can be activated by multiple pathways, including EGFR. Several approaches have been used to inhibit STAT3 in the hopes of developing an antitumor agent. Although several STAT3-specific agents are promising, none are in clinical development, mostly because of drug delivery and stability issues. In contrast, several JAK inhibitors are in clinical development. These orally available, ATP-competitive, small-molecule kinase inhibitors are being tested in myeloproliferative disorders. Future studies will determine whether JAK inhibitors are useful in the treatment of HNSCC or lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Y Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Hamed HA, Yacoub A, Park MA, Eulitt PJ, Dash R, Sarkar D, Dmitriev IP, Lesniak MS, Shah K, Grant S, Curiel DT, Fisher PB, Dent P. Inhibition of multiple protective signaling pathways and Ad.5/3 delivery enhances mda-7/IL-24 therapy of malignant glioma. Mol Ther 2010; 18:1130-42. [PMID: 20179672 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2010.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We have explored the mechanism by which inhibition of multiple cytoprotective cell-signaling pathways enhance melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) toxicity toward invasive primary human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, and whether improving adenoviral infectivity/delivery of mda-7/IL-24 enhances therapeutic outcome in animals containing orthotopic xenografted GBM cells. The toxicity of a serotype 5 recombinant adenovirus to express MDA-7/IL-24 (Ad.5-mda-7) was enhanced by combined molecular or small molecule inhibition of mitogen-activated extracellular regulated kinase (MEK)1/2 and phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or AKT; inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MEK1/2; and the HSP90 inhibitor 17AAG. Molecular inhibition of mTOR/PI3K/MEK1 signaling in vivo also enhanced Ad.5-mda-7 toxicity. In GBM cells of diverse genetic backgrounds, inhibition of cytoprotective cell-signaling pathways enhanced MDA-7/IL-24-induced autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and tumor cell death. Due partly to insufficient adenovirus serotype 5 gene delivery this therapeutic approach has shown limited success in GBM. To address this problem, we employed a recombinant adenovirus that comprises the tail and shaft domains of a serotype 5 virus and the knob domain of a serotype 3 virus expressing MDA-7/IL-24, Ad.5/3-mda-7. Ad.5/3-mda-7 more effectively infected and killed GBM cells in vitro and in vivo than Ad.5-mda-7. Future combinations of these approaches hold promise for developing an effective therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein A Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0035, USA
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Verheij M, Vens C, van Triest B. Novel therapeutics in combination with radiotherapy to improve cancer treatment: Rationale, mechanisms of action and clinical perspective. Drug Resist Updat 2010; 13:29-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors: what is their mechanism of action? Angiogenesis 2009; 13:1-14. [PMID: 20012482 PMCID: PMC2845892 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-009-9160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases are important cellular signaling proteins that have a variety of biological activities including cell proliferation and migration. Multiple kinases are involved in angiogenesis, including receptor tyrosine kinases such as the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Inhibition of angiogenic tyrosine kinases has been developed as a systemic treatment strategy for cancer. Three anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sunitinib, sorafenib and pazopanib, with differential binding capacities to angiogenic kinases were recently approved for treatment of patients with advanced cancer (renal cell cancer, gastro-intestinal stromal tumors, and hepatocellular cancer). Many other anti-angiogenic TKIs are being studied in phase I-III clinical trials. In addition to their beneficial anti-tumor activity, clinical resistance and toxicities have also been observed with these agents. In this manuscript, we will give an overview of the design and development of anti-angiogenic TKIs. We describe their molecular structure and classification, their mechanism of action, and their inhibitory activity against specific kinase signaling pathways. In addition, we provide insight into what extent selective targeting of angiogenic kinases by TKIs may contribute to the clinically observed anti-tumor activity, resistance, and toxicity. We feel that it is of crucial importance to increase our understanding of the clinical mechanism of action of anti-angiogenic TKIs in order to further optimize their clinical efficacy.
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Broxterman HJ, Gotink KJ, Verheul HMW. Understanding the causes of multidrug resistance in cancer: a comparison of doxorubicin and sunitinib. Drug Resist Updat 2009; 12:114-26. [PMID: 19648052 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2009.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple molecular, cellular, micro-environmental and systemic causes of anticancer drug resistance have been identified during the last 25 years. At the same time, genome-wide analysis of human tumor tissues has made it possible in principle to assess the expression of critical genes or mutations that determine the response of an individual patient's tumor to drug treatment. Why then do we, with a few exceptions, such as mutation analysis of the EGFR to guide the use of EGFR inhibitors, have no predictive tests to assess a patient's drug sensitivity profile. The problem urges the more with the expanding choice of drugs, which may be beneficial for a fraction of patients only. In this review we discuss recent studies and insights on mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance and try to answer the question: do we understand why a patient responds or fails to respond to therapy? We focus on doxorubicin as example of a classical cytotoxic, DNA damaging agent and on sunitinib, as example of the new generation of (receptor) tyrosine kinase-targeted agents. For both drugs, classical tumor cell autonomous resistance mechanisms, such as drug efflux transporters and mutations in the tumor cell's survival signaling pathways, as well as micro-environment-related resistance mechanisms, such as changes in tumor stromal cell composition, matrix proteins, vascularity, oxygenation and energy metabolism may play a role. Novel agents that target specific mutations in the tumor cell's damage repair (e.g. PARP inhibitors) or that target tumor survival pathways, such as Akt inhibitors, glycolysis inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors, are of high interest. In order to increase the therapeutic index of treatments, fine-tuned synergistic combinations of new and/or classical cytotoxic agents will be designed. More quantitative assessment of potential resistance mechanisms in real tumors and in real time, such as by kinase profiling methodology, will be developed to allow more precise prediction of the optimal drug combination to treat each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk J Broxterman
- Department of Medical Oncology, CCA 1-38, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Martin AP, Park MA, Mitchell C, Walker T, Rahmani M, Thorburn A, Häussinger D, Reinehr R, Grant S, Dent P. BCL-2 family inhibitors enhance histone deacetylase inhibitor and sorafenib lethality via autophagy and overcome blockade of the extrinsic pathway to facilitate killing. Mol Pharmacol 2009; 76:327-41. [PMID: 19483105 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.056309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined whether the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) interact to kill pancreatic carcinoma cells and determined the impact of inhibiting BCL-2 family function on sorafenib and HDACI lethality. The lethality of sorafenib was enhanced in pancreatic tumor cells in a synergistic fashion by pharmacologically achievable concentrations of the HDACIs vorinostat or sodium valproate. Overexpression of cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP-s) or knockdown of CD95 suppressed the lethality of the sorafenib/HDACI combination (sorafenib + HDACI). In immunohistochemical analyses or using expression of fluorescence-tagged proteins, treatment with sorafenib and vorinostat together (sorafenib + vorinostat) promoted colocalization of CD95 with caspase 8 and CD95 association with the endoplasmic reticulum markers calnexin, ATG5, and Grp78/BiP. In cells lacking CD95 expression or in cells expressing c-FLIP-s, the lethality of sorafenib + HDACI exposure was abolished and was restored when cells were coexposed to BCL-2 family inhibitors [ethyl [2-amino-6-bromo-4-(1-cyano-2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)]-4H-chromene-3-carboxylate (HA14-1), obatoclax (GX15-070)]. Knockdown of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 recapitulated the effects of GX15-070 treatment. Knockdown of BAX and BAK modestly reduced sorafenib + HDACI lethality but abolished the effects of GX15-070 treatment. Sorafenib + HDACI exposure generated a CD95- and Beclin1-dependent protective form of autophagy, whereas GX15-070 treatment generated a Beclin1-dependent toxic form of autophagy. The potentiation of sorafenib + HDACI killing by GX15-070 was suppressed by knockdown of Beclin1 or of BAX + BAK. Our data demonstrate that pancreatic tumor cells are susceptible to sorafenib + HDACI lethality and that in tumor cells unable to signal death from CD95, use of a BCL-2 family antagonist facilitates sorafenib + HDACI killing via autophagy and the intrinsic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Pandya Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA
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