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Clinical implications of germline variations for treatment outcome and drug resistance for small molecule kinase inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 62:100832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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2
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Izutsu M, Domoto T, Kamoshida S, Ohsaki H, Matsuoka H, Umeki Y, Shiogama K, Hirayama M, Suda K, Uyama I. Expression status of p53 and organic cation transporter 1 is correlated with poor response to preoperative chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:105. [PMID: 35365176 PMCID: PMC8976339 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a highly malignant neoplasm. DNA-damaging drugs, such as cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), are most frequently used in preoperative chemotherapy for ESCC. However, the response to preoperative chemotherapy varies among patients. p53, encoded by TP53, participates in apoptotic pathways following chemotherapy with DNA-damaging drugs, and mutation of TP53 contributes to chemoresistance. Organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) participates in the uptake of CDDP, and its reduced expression is associated with CDDP resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive impact of the expression status of p53 and OCT1 in response to preoperative chemotherapy in ESCC. Methods We retrospectively assessed 66 ESCC patients who received preoperative chemotherapy with CDDP/5-FU (CF) or docetaxel/CDDP/5-FU (DCF). p53 and OCT1 expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens was immunohistochemically determined and correlated with histological response to preoperative chemotherapy. Results p53 with wild-type (p53WT-ex) and mutant-type (p53MT-ex) expression patterns was identified in 40.9% and 59.1% of patients, respectively. High expression of OCT1 (OCT1High) was detected in 45.5%, and the remaining 54.5% showed low expression (OCT1Low). In a univariate analysis of the entire cohort, p53MT-ex was significantly correlated with poor response (P = 0.026), whereas OCT1Low showed marginal significance (P = 0.091). In a combined analysis, tumors with either p53MT-ex or OCT1Low showed a significant correlation with poor response compared with tumors with both p53WT-ex and OCT1High (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of combined p53/OCT1 were 93.9%, 47.1%, and 81.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified p53 (P = 0.017), OCT1 (P = 0.032), and combined p53/OCT1 (P < 0.001) as independent predictors of histological response. When samples were stratified according to chemotherapy regimen in the univariate analysis, combined p53/OCT1 was the only significant factor for poor response in the CF (P = 0.011) and DCF (P = 0.021) groups, whereas p53 showed no statistical significance. Conclusions Our results suggest that either p53MT-ex or OCT1Low expression in pretreatment biopsy specimens may be a potential predictor of poor response to preoperative chemotherapy with the CF-based regimens in ESCC, although the specificity needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Izutsu
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Takanori Domoto
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ohsaki
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuoka
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Umeki
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Department of Morphology and Cell Function, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masaya Hirayama
- Department of Morphology and Cell Function, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Koichi Suda
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Uyama
- Department of Surgery, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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Zhang Q, Liu Y, Chen P, Shi X, Liu Y, Shi L, Cong P, Mao S, Tong C, Du C, Hou M. Solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) is a potential biomarker and related to tumor immune cell infiltration in bladder cancer. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4946-4961. [PMID: 34365894 PMCID: PMC8806707 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1962485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The solute carrier family has been reported to play critical roles in the progression of several cancers; however, the relationship between solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8) and bladder cancer (BC) has not been clearly confirmed. This study explores the prognostic value of SLC12A8 for BC and its correlation with immune cell infiltration. We found that the expression of SLC12A8 mRNA was significantly overexpressed in BC tissues compared with noncancerous tissues in multiple public databases, and the result was validated using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the prognostic value of SLC12A8 for BC. The high expression of SLC12A8 led to a shorter overall survival time and was an unfavorable prognostic biomarker for BC. The mechanisms of SLC12A8 promoting tumorigenesis were investigated by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Moreover, the correlations of SLC12A8 expression with the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) in BC were explored using TIMER 2.0 and CIBERSORT. SLC12A8 was associated with CD4+ T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages infiltration. The expression of SLC12A8 was positively correlated with crucial immune checkpoint molecules. In conclusion, SLC12A8 might be an unfavorable prognostic biomarker in BC related to tumor immune cell infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Yunen Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shi
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Peifang Cong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shun Mao
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cangci Tong
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Du
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
- Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China
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SLC46A1 Haplotype with Predicted Functional Impact has Prognostic Value in Breast Carcinoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:99-110. [PMID: 33387348 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00506-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Membrane solute carrier transporters play an important role in the transport of a wide spectrum of substrates including anticancer drugs and cancer-related physiological substrates. This study aimed to assess the prognostic relevance of gene expression and genetic variability of selected solute carrier transporters in breast cancer. METHODS Gene expression was determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All SLC46A1 and SLCO1A2 exons and surrounding non-coding sequences in DNA extracted from the blood of patients with breast cancer (exploratory phase) were analyzed by next-generation sequencing technology. Common variants (minor allele frequency ≥ 5%) with in silico-predicted functional relevance were further analyzed in a large cohort of patients with breast cancer (n = 815) and their prognostic and predictive potential was estimated (validation phase). RESULTS A gene expression and bioinformatics analysis suggested SLC46A1 and SLCO1A2 to play a putative role in the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. In total, 135 genetic variants (20 novel) were identified in both genes in the exploratory phase. Of these variants, 130 were non-coding, three missense, and two synonymous. One common variant in SLCO1A2 and four variants in SLC46A1 were predicted to be pathogenic by in silico programs and subsequently validated. A SLC46A1 haplotype block composed of rs2239911-rs2239910-rs8079943 was significantly associated with ERBB2/HER2 status and disease-free survival of hormonally treated patients. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the prognostic value of a SLC46A1 haplotype block for breast cancer that should be further studied.
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The Expression Profiles of ADME Genes in Human Cancers and Their Associations with Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113369. [PMID: 33202946 PMCID: PMC7697355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ADME genes are a group of genes that are involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). The expression profiles of ADME genes within tumours is proposed to impact on cancer patient survival; however, this has not been systematically examined. In this study, our comprehensive analyses of pan-cancer datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed differential intratumoral expression profiles for ADME genes in 21 different cancer types. Most genes also showed high interindividual variability within cancer-specific patient cohorts. Using Kaplan-Meier plots and logrank tests, we showed that intratumoral expression levels of twenty of the thirty-two core ADME genes were associated with overall survival (OS) in these cancers. Of these genes, five showed significant association with unfavourable OS in three cancers, including SKCM (ABCC2, GSTP1), KIRC (CYP2D6, CYP2E1), PAAD (UGT2B7); sixteen showed significant associations with favourable OS in twelve cancers, including BLCA (UGT2B15), BRCA (CYP2D6), COAD (NAT1), HNSC (ABCB1), KIRC (ABCG2, CYP3A4, SLC22A2, SLC22A6), KIRP (SLC22A2), LIHC (CYP2C19, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A5, SLC22A1), LUAD (SLC15A2), LUSC (UGT1A1), PAAD (ABCB1), SARC (ABCB1), and SKCM (ABCB1, DYPD). Overall, these data provide compelling evidence supporting ADME genes as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. We propose that intratumoral expression of ADME genes may impact cancer patient survival by multiple mechanisms that can include metabolizing/transporting anticancer drugs, activating anticancer drugs, and metabolizing/transporting a variety of endogenous molecules involved in metabolically fuelling cancer cells and/or controlling pro-growth signalling pathways.
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Blaauboer A, Booy S, van Koetsveld PM, Karels B, Dogan F, van Zwienen S, van Eijck CHJ, Hofland LJ. Interferon-beta enhances sensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:913. [PMID: 32967656 PMCID: PMC7513525 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adjuvant gemcitabine for pancreatic cancer has limited efficacy in the clinical setting. Impaired drug metabolism is associated with treatment resistance. We aimed to evaluate the chemosensitising effect of interferon-beta (IFN-β). Methods BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, and Panc-1 cells were pre-treated with IFN-β followed by gemcitabine monotherapy. The effect on cell growth, colony formation, and cell cycle was determined. RT-qPCR was used to measure gene expression. BxPC-3 cells were used in a heterotopic subcutaneous mouse model. Results IFN-β increased sensitivity to gemcitabine (4-, 7.7-, and 1.7-fold EC50 decrease in BxPC-3, CFPAC-1, and Panc-1, respectively; all P < 0.001). Findings were confirmed when assessing colony formation. The percentage of cells in the S-phase was significantly increased after IFN-β treatment only in BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1 by 12 and 7%, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Thereby, IFN-β upregulated expression of the drug transporters SLC28A1 in BxPC-3 (252%) and SLC28A3 in BxPC-3 (127%) and CFPAC-1 (223%) (all p < 0.001). In vivo, combination therapy reduced tumor volume with 45% (P = 0.01). Both ex vivo and in vivo data demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of proliferating cells, whereas apoptosis was increased. Conclusions For the first time, we validated the chemosensitising effects of IFN-β when combined with gemcitabine in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. This was driven by cell cycle modulation and associated with an upregulation of genes involving intracellular uptake of gemcitabine. The use of IFN-β in combination with gemcitabine seems promising in patients with pancreatic cancer and needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Blaauboer
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Room Ee-514, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephanie Booy
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Room Ee-514, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Karels
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fadime Dogan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Zwienen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper H J van Eijck
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Room Ee-514, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015, GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J Hofland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Xi H, Nie X, Zhang P, Lan N, Lu Y, Liu J, Yuan W. Assessment of miR-212 and Other Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of HBV-infection-related Liver Diseases. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:785-798. [PMID: 31608838 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191011120434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our study aims to detect the sensitivity of the new biomarker miR-212 existing in serum exosomes along with other hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers such as AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CA125 (carbohydrate antigen-ca125), and Hbx protein in the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases. We also aim to study the roles of these biomarkers in the progression of chronic hepatitis B and provide scientific data to show the clinical value of these biomarkers. METHODS We selected 200 patients with HBV-infection (58 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 47 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 cases of compensatory phase cirrhosis, and 65 cases of decompensatory phase cirrhosis), 31 patients with primary liver cancer without HBV infection, and 70 healthy individuals as the control group. The expression level of serum AFP and CA125 was detected with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression level of the Hbx protein was detected with ELISA. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-212 in serum was analyzed with RT-qPCR. We collected patients' clinical information following the Child-Pugh classification and MELD score criterion, and statistical analysis was made between the expression level of miR-212 and the collected clinical indexes. Lastly, we predicted the target genes of the miR-212 and its functions using bioinformatics methods such as cluster analysis and survival prediction. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the expression level of miR-212 in HBV infected patients was remarkably increased (P<0.05), especially between the HBV-infection Hepatocellular carcinoma group and the non-HBVinfection liver cancer group (P<0.05). The expression of miR-212 was increased in patients' Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, and TNM staging. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-212 were superior to AFP, CA125, and HBx protein. CONCLUSION There is a linear relationship between disease progression and expression level of miR-212 in the serum of HBV infected patients. This demonstrates that miR-212 plays a significant role in liver diseases. miR-212 is expected to be a new biomarker used for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with HBV-infection-related liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huaze Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Nie
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Lan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenzhen Yuan
- The Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, China
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Parca L, Pepe G, Pietrosanto M, Galvan G, Galli L, Palmeri A, Sciandrone M, Ferrè F, Ausiello G, Helmer-Citterich M. Modeling cancer drug response through drug-specific informative genes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15222. [PMID: 31645597 PMCID: PMC6811538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in pharmacogenomics have generated a wealth of data of different types whose analysis have helped in the identification of signatures of different cellular sensitivity/resistance responses to hundreds of chemical compounds. Among the different data types, gene expression has proven to be the more successful for the inference of drug response in cancer cell lines. Although effective, the whole transcriptome can introduce noise in the predictive models, since specific mechanisms are required for different drugs and these realistically involve only part of the proteins encoded in the genome. We analyzed the pharmacogenomics data of 961 cell lines tested with 265 anti-cancer drugs and developed different machine learning approaches for dissecting the genome systematically and predict drug responses using both drug-unspecific and drug-specific genes. These methodologies reach better response predictions for the vast majority of the screened drugs using tens to few hundreds genes specific to each drug instead of the whole genome, thus allowing a better understanding and interpretation of drug-specific response mechanisms which are not necessarily restricted to the drug known targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Parca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Pepe
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pietrosanto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Galvan
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Leonardo Galli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Palmeri
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
- Celgene Institute for Translational Research Europe, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marco Sciandrone
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ferrè
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna Alma Mater, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ausiello
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Nyquist MD, Prasad B, Mostaghel EA. Harnessing Solute Carrier Transporters for Precision Oncology. Molecules 2017; 22:E539. [PMID: 28350329 PMCID: PMC5570559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters are a large superfamily of transmembrane carriers involved in the regulated transport of metabolites, nutrients, ions and drugs across cellular membranes. A subset of these solute carriers play a significant role in the cellular uptake of many cancer therapeutics, ranging from chemotherapeutics such as antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, platinum-based drugs and taxanes to targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. SLC transporters are co-expressed in groups and patterns across normal tissues, suggesting they may comprise a coordinated regulatory circuit serving to mediate normal tissue functions. In cancer however, there are dramatic changes in expression patterns of SLC transporters. This frequently serves to feed the increased metabolic demands of the tumor cell for amino acids, nucleotides and other metabolites, but also presents a therapeutic opportunity, as increased transporter expression may serve to increase intracellular concentrations of substrate drugs. In this review, we examine the regulation of drug transporters in cancer and how this impacts therapy response, and discuss novel approaches to targeting therapies to specific cancers via tumor-specific aberrations in transporter expression. We propose that among the oncogenic changes in SLC transporter expression there exist emergent vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically, extending the application of precision medicine from tumor-specific drug targets to tumor-specific determinants of drug uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nyquist
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Toh MF, Suh W, Wang H, Zhou P, Hu L, You G. Inhibitory effects of chemotherapeutics on human organic anion transporter hOAT4. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 7:11-18. [PMID: 27335682 PMCID: PMC4913227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Human organic anion transporter 4 (hOAT4) belongs to a family of organic anion transporters which play critical roles in the body disposition of clinically important drugs. hOAT4 is expressed in the kidney and placenta. In the current study, we examined the inhibitory effects of 101 anticancer drugs from a clinical drug library on hOAT4 transport activity. The studies were carried out in hOAT4-expressing human kidney HEK-293 cells and human placenta BeWo cells. Among these drugs, only chlorambucil and cabazitaxel demonstrated more than 50% cis-inhibitory effect on hOAT4-mediated uptake of (3)H-labeled estrone sulfate, a prototypical substrate for the transporter. The IC50 values for chlorambucil and cabazitaxel were 44.28 and 3.5 µM respectively. Dixon plot analysis revealed that inhibition by chlorambucil was competitive with a Ki = 55.73 µM whereas inhibition by cabazitaxel was non-competitive with a Ki = 1.78 µM. Our results demonstrated that chlorambucil and cabazitaxel were inhibitors of hOAT4. Furthermore, by comparing our data with clinically relevant exposures of these drugs, we conclude that the propensity for chlorambucil and cabazitaxel to cause drug-drug interaction through inhibition of hOAT4 is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Fern Toh
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
| | - Wonmo Suh
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
| | - Haoxun Wang
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
| | - Peter Zhou
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
| | - Longqin Hu
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
| | - Guofeng You
- Departments of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University NJ, USA
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11
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Chen XX, Xie FF, Zhu XJ, Lin F, Pan SS, Gong LH, Qiu JG, Zhang WJ, Jiang QW, Mei XL, Xue YQ, Qin WM, Shi Z, Yan XJ. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor dinaciclib potently synergizes with cisplatin in preclinical models of ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:14926-39. [PMID: 25962959 PMCID: PMC4558126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal of woman cancers, and its clinical therapeutic outcome currently is unsatisfied. Dinaciclib, a novel small molecule inhibitor of CDK1, CDK2, CDK5 and CDK9, is assessed in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effects and mechanisms of dinaciclib alone or combined with cisplatin in ovarian cancer. Dinaciclib alone actively induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with the increased intracellular ROS levels, which were accompanied by obvious alterations of related proteins such as CDKs, Cyclins, Mcl-1, XIAP and survivin. Pretreatment with N-acety-L-cysteine significantly blocked ROS generation but only partially rescued apoptosis triggered by dinaciclib. Moreover, the combination of dinaciclib with cisplatin synergistically promoted cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited the subcutaneous xenograft growth of ovarian cancer in nude mice. Altogether, dinaciclib potently synergizes with cisplatin in preclinical models of ovarian cancer, indicating this beneficial combinational therapy may be a promising strategy for treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Feng Xie
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiu-Jie Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Shi Pan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li-Hua Gong
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Ge Qiu
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Ji Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi-Wei Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Long Mei
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - You-Qiu Xue
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wu-Ming Qin
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Yan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Chen X, Gong L, Ou R, Zheng Z, Chen J, Xie F, Huang X, Qiu J, Zhang W, Jiang Q, Yang Y, Zhu H, Shi Z, Yan X. Sequential combination therapy of ovarian cancer with cisplatin and γ-secretase inhibitor MK-0752. Gynecol Oncol 2016; 140:537-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Takeda R, Naka A, Ogane N, Kameda Y, Kawachi K, Shimizu S, Kamoshida S. Impact of Expression Levels of Platinum-uptake Transporters Copper Transporter 1 and Organic Cation Transporter 2 on Resistance to Anthracycline/Taxane-based Chemotherapy in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER-BASIC AND CLINICAL RESEARCH 2015; 9:49-57. [PMID: 26309405 PMCID: PMC4527352 DOI: 10.4137/bcbcr.s27534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adding platinum drugs to anthracycline/taxane (ANC-Tax)-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) improves pathological complete response (pCR) rates in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) critically affect the uptake and cytotoxicity of platinum drugs. We immunohistochemically determined CTR1 and OCT2 levels in pre-chemotherapy biopsies from 105 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer treated with ANC-Tax-based NAC. In the TNBC group, Ki-67(high) [pathological good response (pGR), P = 0.04] was associated with response, whereas CTR1(high) (non-pGR, P = 0.03), OCT2(high) (non-pGR, P = 0.01; non-pCR, P = 0.03), and combined CTR1(high) and/or OCT2(high) (non-pGR, P = 0.005; non-pCR, P = 0.003) were associated with non-response. In multivariate analysis, Ki-67(high) was an independent factor for pGR and CTR1 for non-pGR. Combined CTR1/OCT2 was a strong independent factor for non-pGR. However, no variables were associated with response in luminal BC. These results indicate that platinum uptake transporters are predominantly expressed in ANC-Tax-resistant TNBCs, which implies that advantage associated with adding platinum drugs may depend on high drug uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Takeda
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ayano Naka
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogane
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kameda
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, Japan. ; Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kae Kawachi
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoru Shimizu
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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14
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Naka A, Takeda R, Shintani M, Ogane N, Kameda Y, Aoyama T, Yoshikawa T, Kamoshida S. Organic cation transporter 2 for predicting cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2015; 5:2285-2293. [PMID: 26328259 PMCID: PMC4548340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Some studies have shown the usability of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in gastric cancer (GC). Nevertheless there are a few predictive markers of the effectiveness of NAC in GC. The aim of this study is to assess the predictive impact of organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) expression on response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in gastric cancer. We retrospectively assessed 66 patients with advanced gastric cancer received NAC with S-1/cisplatin or paclitaxel/cisplatin. Expression levels of OCT2 were assessed by immunohistochemistry in pre-chemotherapy biopsies and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters including pathologic response. High expression level of OCT2 (OCT2(high)) was significantly associated with intestinal type according to Laurén classification (P = 0.03) and low histologic grade (P = 0.03). In univariate analysis of the entire cohort, no variables showed any significant association with a response, although intestinal type (P = 0.09), low histologic grade (P = 0.09), and OCT2(high) (P = 0.07) tended to be more frequent in responders compared with non-responders. When the two treatment groups were separately assessed in the univariate analysis, a significantly higher rate of OCT2(high) was observed in responders compared with non-responders in the S-1/cisplatin group (P = 0.001). In addition, multivariate analysis identified OCT2(high) as the sole independent predictor of response (P = 0.04). However, in the paclitaxel/cisplatin group, no variables were associated with response. Taken together, our results suggest that OCT2(high) may represent a potential predictor of response to NAC with S-1/cisplatin in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Naka
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Laboratory of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Risa Takeda
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Laboratory of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Michiko Shintani
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Laboratory of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
| | - Naoki Ogane
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital866-1 Matsudasoryo, Matsuda-cho, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-0003, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kameda
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Prefectural Ashigarakami Hospital866-1 Matsudasoryo, Matsuda-cho, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa 258-0003, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku 241-0815, Japan
| | - Toru Aoyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan
| | - Takaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center Hospital1-1-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-0815, Japan
| | - Shingo Kamoshida
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Laboratory of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma, Kobe, Hyogo 654-0142, Japan
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15
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Wakasa K, Kawabata R, Nakao S, Hattori H, Taguchi K, Uchida J, Yamanaka T, Maehara Y, Fukushima M, Oda S. Dynamic modulation of thymidylate synthase gene expression and fluorouracil sensitivity in human colorectal cancer cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123076. [PMID: 25881233 PMCID: PMC4400010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers have revolutionized cancer chemotherapy. However, many biomarker candidates are still in debate. In addition to clinical studies, a priori experimental approaches are needed. Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression is a long-standing candidate as a biomarker for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment of cancer patients. Using the Tet-OFF system and a human colorectal cancer cell line, DLD-1, we first constructed an in vitro system in which TS expression is dynamically controllable. Quantitative assays have elucidated that TS expression in the transformant was widely modulated, and that the dynamic range covered 15-fold of the basal level. 5-FU sensitivity of the transformant cells significantly increased in response to downregulated TS expression, although being not examined in the full dynamic range because of the doxycycline toxicity. Intriguingly, our in vitro data suggest that there is a linear relationship between TS expression and the 5-FU sensitivity in cells. Data obtained in a mouse model using transformant xenografts were highly parallel to those obtained in vitro. Thus, our in vitro and in vivo observations suggest that TS expression is a determinant of 5-FU sensitivity in cells, at least in this specific genetic background, and, therefore, support the possibility of TS expression as a biomarker for 5-FU-based cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Wakasa
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Rumi Kawabata
- Tokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiki Nakao
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Kenichi Taguchi
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchida
- Tokushima Research Center, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukushima
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinya Oda
- Clinical Research Institute, National Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Joyce H, McCann A, Clynes M, Larkin A. Influence of multidrug resistance and drug transport proteins on chemotherapy drug metabolism. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:795-809. [PMID: 25836015 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1028356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy involving the use of anticancer drugs remains an important strategy in the overall management of patients with metastatic cancer. Acquisition of multidrug resistance remains a major impediment to successful chemotherapy. Drug transporters in cell membranes and intracellular drug metabolizing enzymes contribute to the resistance phenotype and determine the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs in the body. AREAS COVERED ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate the transport of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics including cytotoxic drugs out of cells. Solute carrier (SLC) transporters mediate the influx of cytotoxic drugs into cells. This review focuses on the substrate interaction of these transporters, on their biology and what role they play together with drug metabolizing enzymes in eliminating therapeutic drugs from cells. EXPERT OPINION The majority of anticancer drugs are substrates for the ABC transporter and SLC transporter families. Together, these proteins have the ability to control the influx and the efflux of structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic drugs, thereby modulating the intracellular drug concentration. These interactions have important clinical implications for chemotherapy because ultimately they determine therapeutic efficacy, disease progression/relapse and the success or failure of patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Joyce
- Dublin City University, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB) , Glasnevin, Dublin 9 , Ireland +353 1 7005700 ; +353 1 7005484 ;
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17
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Kell DB, Oliver SG. How drugs get into cells: tested and testable predictions to help discriminate between transporter-mediated uptake and lipoidal bilayer diffusion. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:231. [PMID: 25400580 PMCID: PMC4215795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One approach to experimental science involves creating hypotheses, then testing them by varying one or more independent variables, and assessing the effects of this variation on the processes of interest. We use this strategy to compare the intellectual status and available evidence for two models or views of mechanisms of transmembrane drug transport into intact biological cells. One (BDII) asserts that lipoidal phospholipid Bilayer Diffusion Is Important, while a second (PBIN) proposes that in normal intact cells Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (i.e., may be neglected quantitatively), because evolution selected against it, and with transmembrane drug transport being effected by genetically encoded proteinaceous carriers or pores, whose “natural” biological roles, and substrates are based in intermediary metabolism. Despite a recent review elsewhere, we can find no evidence able to support BDII as we can find no experiments in intact cells in which phospholipid bilayer diffusion was either varied independently or measured directly (although there are many papers where it was inferred by seeing a covariation of other dependent variables). By contrast, we find an abundance of evidence showing cases in which changes in the activities of named and genetically identified transporters led to measurable changes in the rate or extent of drug uptake. PBIN also has considerable predictive power, and accounts readily for the large differences in drug uptake between tissues, cells and species, in accounting for the metabolite-likeness of marketed drugs, in pharmacogenomics, and in providing a straightforward explanation for the late-stage appearance of toxicity and of lack of efficacy during drug discovery programmes despite macroscopically adequate pharmacokinetics. Consequently, the view that Phospholipid Bilayer diffusion Is Negligible (PBIN) provides a starting hypothesis for assessing cellular drug uptake that is much better supported by the available evidence, and is both more productive and more predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK ; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen G Oliver
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK ; Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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18
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Hashimoto Y, Tatsumi S, Takeda R, Naka A, Ogane N, Kameda Y, Kawachi K, Shimizu S, Sakai M, Kamoshida S. Expression of organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 and organic cation transporter 6 as a predictor of pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 145:101-11. [PMID: 24671357 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) and organic cation transporter 6 (OCT6) are involved in the uptake of taxanes and anthracyclines, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate expression levels of OATP1A2 and OCT6 as a predictor of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. A total of 124 patients who received anthracycline/taxane-based NAC were included. Expression levels of OATP1A2 and OCT6 were immunohistochemically assessed in core needle biopsies obtained prior to NAC. A pathologic good response (pGR) and a pathologic complete response (pCR) were achieved in 24 and 10 % of patients, respectively. In univariate analysis of the entire cohort, negative hormone receptor (HR) status (pGR and pCR, P < 0.001), high Ki-67 level (pGR, P = 0.03; pCR, P = 0.02), triple negative (TN) subtype (pGR, P = 0.001; pCR, P < 0.001), and high OCT6 (pGR, P = 0.003) were associated with the response. In combined analysis, high OATP1A2/high OCT6 level was also a significant factor for pGR (P = 0.001) and pCR (P = 0.001). Two separate multivariate analyses showed that HR status, TN subtype and combined high OATP1A2/high OCT6 level were significant independent predictors. When TN and non-TN tumors were assessed separately in univariate analysis, high Ki-67 level (P = 0.04) were associated with pGR and combined high OATP1A2/high OCT6 level was associated with both pGR (P = 0.005) and pCR (P = 0.03) in the TN group. Multivariate analysis identified the combined high OATP1A2/high OCT6 level as the sole independent predictor of pGR. In the non-TN group, negative HR status (P = 0.03) and positive HER2 status (P = 0.005) were associated with pGR, but HER2 status was the sole independent predictor of pGR. These results suggest that response-associated predictors may differ between the TN and non-TN tumors. Combined high OATP1A2/high OCT6 may be a potential predictor of response to anthracycline/taxane-based chemotherapy in breast cancer, especially in TN tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Medical Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 7-10-2 Tomogaoka, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan
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19
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Lancaster CS, Sprowl JA, Walker AL, Hu S, Gibson AA, Sparreboom A. Modulation of OATP1B-type transporter function alters cellular uptake and disposition of platinum chemotherapeutics. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:1537-44. [PMID: 23757163 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the human organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 has been previously believed to be restricted to hepatocytes. Here we show that the gene encoding OATP1B3, but not OATP1B1, is abundantly expressed in multiple human solid tumors that include hepatocellular, lung, and ovarian carcinomas. Surprisingly, OATP1B3 gene expression in a panel of 60 human tumor cell lines was linked with sensitivity to multiple cytotoxic agents, including the platinum anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. In addition, overexpression of OATP1B3 in mammalian cells increased cellular accumulation of platinum agents and decreased cell survival. In mice with a targeted disruption of the ortholog transporter Oatp1b2, the liver-to-plasma ratio of cisplatin was significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice, without concurrent changes in expression profiles of other transporter genes. Our findings indicate an unexpected role for tumoral and host OATP1B-type carriers in the toxicity and disposition of platinum anticancer drugs, and may provide a foundation for understanding the extensive interindividual pharmacodynamic variability seen with these drugs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia S Lancaster
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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20
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Kell DB. Finding novel pharmaceuticals in the systems biology era using multiple effective drug targets, phenotypic screening and knowledge of transporters: where drug discovery went wrong and how to fix it. FEBS J 2013; 280:5957-80. [PMID: 23552054 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the sequencing of the human genome, the rate of innovative and successful drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry has continued to decrease. Leaving aside regulatory matters, the fundamental and interlinked intellectual issues proposed to be largely responsible for this are: (a) the move from 'function-first' to 'target-first' methods of screening and drug discovery; (b) the belief that successful drugs should and do interact solely with single, individual targets, despite natural evolution's selection for biochemical networks that are robust to individual parameter changes; (c) an over-reliance on the rule-of-5 to constrain biophysical and chemical properties of drug libraries; (d) the general abandoning of natural products that do not obey the rule-of-5; (e) an incorrect belief that drugs diffuse passively into (and presumably out of) cells across the bilayers portions of membranes, according to their lipophilicity; (f) a widespread failure to recognize the overwhelmingly important role of proteinaceous transporters, as well as their expression profiles, in determining drug distribution in and between different tissues and individual patients; and (g) the general failure to use engineering principles to model biology in parallel with performing 'wet' experiments, such that 'what if?' experiments can be performed in silico to assess the likely success of any strategy. These facts/ideas are illustrated with a reasonably extensive literature review. Success in turning round drug discovery consequently requires: (a) decent systems biology models of human biochemical networks; (b) the use of these (iteratively with experiments) to model how drugs need to interact with multiple targets to have substantive effects on the phenotype; (c) the adoption of polypharmacology and/or cocktails of drugs as a desirable goal in itself; (d) the incorporation of drug transporters into systems biology models, en route to full and multiscale systems biology models that incorporate drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion; (e) a return to 'function-first' or phenotypic screening; and (f) novel methods for inferring modes of action by measuring the properties on system variables at all levels of the 'omes. Such a strategy offers the opportunity of achieving a state where we can hope to predict biological processes and the effect of pharmaceutical agents upon them. Consequently, this should both lower attrition rates and raise the rates of discovery of effective drugs substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, UK; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, UK
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21
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Ozhan G, Kara M, Sari FM, Yanar HT, Alpertunga B. Influence of the functional polymorphisms in the organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 in the susceptibility to colorectal cancer. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2012; 17:214-8. [PMID: 23216274 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2012.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is an important cause of death throughout the world, and its etiology involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Transporter proteins are important in protecting organs from xenobiotics or toxins. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) plays role in hepatic uptake and clearance of albumin-bound amphipathic organic compounds, including endogen substances, drugs, or xenobiotics. The SLCO1B1 gene expressing OATP1B1 is highly polymorphic. Up to now, SLCO1BI variants were the focus of several investigations on drug pharmacokinetics and cancer susceptibility. However, no information has been available on association between SLCO1B1 and colorectal cancer risk. Therefore, the study aims to investigate the relationship between colorectal cancer and the functional common variants of SLCO1B1 (388 A>G, -11187 G>A, 521 T>C) and to estimate the prevalence of these variants in the Turkish population. To that end, the distributions of the variants were determined in 100 patients with colorectal cancer and 150 healthy volunteers. SLCO1B1 521 T>C was statistically significantly associated with colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio [OR]=2.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.31-5.41; p=0.0057). In haplotype-based analysis, SLCO1B1 haplotype G(388)-T(11187)-T(521) might be associated with the development of colorectal cancer (OR=4.26; 95% CI=1.62-11.16; p=0.002). We believe that the findings may be beneficial to the development of efficacious preventive strategies and therapies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gül Ozhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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The promiscuous binding of pharmaceutical drugs and their transporter-mediated uptake into cells: what we (need to) know and how we can do so. Drug Discov Today 2012. [PMID: 23207804 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A recent paper in this journal sought to counter evidence for the role of transport proteins in effecting drug uptake into cells, and questions that transporters can recognize drug molecules in addition to their endogenous substrates. However, there is abundant evidence that both drugs and proteins are highly promiscuous. Most proteins bind to many drugs and most drugs bind to multiple proteins (on average more than six), including transporters (mutations in these can determine resistance); most drugs are known to recognise at least one transporter. In this response, we alert readers to the relevant evidence that exists or is required. This needs to be acquired in cells that contain the relevant proteins, and we highlight an experimental system for simultaneous genome-wide assessment of carrier-mediated uptake in a eukaryotic cell (yeast).
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23
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Ciarimboli G. Membrane transporters as mediators of Cisplatin effects and side effects. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:473829. [PMID: 24278698 PMCID: PMC3820462 DOI: 10.6064/2012/473829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Transporters are important mediators of specific cellular uptake and thus, not only for effects, but also for side effects, metabolism, and excretion of many drugs such as cisplatin. Cisplatin is a potent cytostatic drug, whose use is limited by its severe acute and chronic nephro-, oto-, and peripheral neurotoxicity. For this reason, other platinum derivatives, such as carboplatin and oxaliplatin, with less toxicity but still with antitumoral action have been developed. Several transporters, which are expressed on the cell membranes, have been associated with cisplatin transport across the plasma membrane and across the cell: the copper transporter 1 (Ctr1), the copper transporter 2 (Ctr2), the P-type copper-transporting ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B, the organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), and the multidrug extrusion transporter 1 (MATE1). Some of these transporters are also able to accept other platinum derivatives as substrate. Since membrane transporters display a specific tissue distribution, they can be important molecules that mediate the entry of platinum derivatives in target and also nontarget cells possibly mediating specific effects and side effects of the chemotherapeutic drug. This paper summarizes the literature on toxicities of cisplatin compared to that of carboplatin and oxaliplatin and the interaction of these platinum derivatives with membrane transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Ciarimboli
- Experimentelle Nephrologie, Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A14, 48149 Münster, Germany
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