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El-Gendy AO, Ezzat S, Samad FA, Dabbous OA, Dahm J, Hamblin MR, Mohamed T. Studying the viability and growth kinetics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 following femtosecond laser irradiation (420-465 nm). Lasers Med Sci 2024; 39:144. [PMID: 38809462 PMCID: PMC11136855 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-024-04080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is among the most resistant bacteria found in infected root canals. The demand for cutting-edge disinfection methods has rekindled research on photoinactivation with visible light. This study investigated the bactericidal activity of femtosecond laser irradiation against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583 (VRE). The effect of parameters such as wavelength and energy density on the viability and growth kinetics of VRE was studied to design an optimized laser-based antimicrobial photoinactivation approach without any prior addition of exogenous photosensitizers. The most effective wavelengths were 430 nm and 435 nm at a fluence of 1000 J/cm2, causing a nearly 2-log reduction (98.6% and 98.3% inhibition, respectively) in viable bacterial counts. The colony-forming units and growth rate of the laser-treated cultures were progressively decreased as energy density or light dose increased at 445 nm but reached a limit at 1250 J/cm2. At a higher fluence of 2000 J/cm2, the efficacy was reduced due to a photobleaching phenomenon. Our results highlight the importance of optimizing laser exposure parameters, such as wavelength and fluence, in bacterial photoinactivation experiments. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report an optimized wavelength for the inactivation of VRE using visible femtosecond laser light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O El-Gendy
- Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Sarah Ezzat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Fatma Abdel Samad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ola Ali Dabbous
- Department of Medical Applications of Lasers, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science (NILES), Cairo University, Giza, 12611, Egypt
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Tarek Mohamed
- Laser Institute for Research and Applications LIRA, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
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Hernández-Bule ML, Naharro-Rodríguez J, Bacci S, Fernández-Guarino M. Unlocking the Power of Light on the Skin: A Comprehensive Review on Photobiomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4483. [PMID: 38674067 PMCID: PMC11049838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a procedure that uses light to modulate cellular functions and biological processes. Over the past decades, PBM has gained considerable attention for its potential in various medical applications due to its non-invasive nature and minimal side effects. We conducted a narrative review including articles about photobiomodulation, LED light therapy or low-level laser therapy and their applications on dermatology published over the last 6 years, encompassing research studies, clinical trials, and technological developments. This review highlights the mechanisms of action underlying PBM, including the interaction with cellular chromophores and the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. The evidence from clinical trials and experimental studies to evaluate the efficacy of PBM in clinical practice is summarized with a special emphasis on dermatology. Furthermore, advancements in PBM technology, such as novel light sources and treatment protocols, are discussed in the context of optimizing therapeutic outcomes and improving patient care. This narrative review underscores the promising role of PBM as a non-invasive therapeutic approach with broad clinical applicability. Despite the need for further research to develop standard protocols, PBM holds great potential for addressing a wide range of medical conditions and enhancing patient outcomes in modern healthcare practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Bacci
- Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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Cotter EJ, Cotter LM, Riley CN, Dixon J, VanDerwerker N, Ufot AI, Godfrey J, Gold D, Hetzel SJ, Safdar N, Grogan BF. Antimicrobial effects of blue light therapy against cutibacterium acnes: optimal dosing and impact of serial treatments. JSES Int 2024; 8:328-334. [PMID: 38464448 PMCID: PMC10920142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Blue light therapy (BLT) is a Food and Drug Administration cleared modality used in dermatology as an effective treatment of acne. The primary purpose of this study is to determine if there are dose-dependent antimicrobial effects of BLT against Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes). Methods A known strain of C. acnes was grown on chocolate agar in a controlled laboratory environment under anaerobic conditions for 1 week. After 1 week, 2-3 colonies of C. acnes were isolated and transferred to broth medium to incubate for 2 or 7 days. Broth vials (treatment arm) then underwent 1 of 6 different blue light dosing treatment regimens and a duplicate broth vial served as a control left open to the same environment. The BLT regimens were a single treatment of 25 J/cm2, 50 J/cm2, 75 J/cm2, 100 J/cm2, 2 serial treatments of 50 J/cm2 separated by 24 hours, or 2 serial treatments of 75 J/cm2 separated by 24 hours. The Omnilux Blue device (415 nm wavelength) was used for all BLT treatments and delivered, on average, 1.68 ± 0.004 J/min. Following treatment, the control and treatment broth samples were plated on chocolate agar and allowed to grow for 7 days. After 7 days, plates were counted and colony forming units (CFUs) were calculated. Six trials were completed for each BLT dosing regimen based on an a priori power analysis of 6 individual 2-sided t-tests. Comparisons in the primary outcome were made via mixed-effects analysis of variance with replicate as a random effect. Results All BLT treatment regimens resulted in significantly fewer CFUs than their aggregate control plate CFUs (P < .05 for all). Furthermore, in 2-way comparison of CFUs between BLT treatment groups, a single treatment of 75 J/cm2 did lead to significantly less growth than 25 J/cm2 (P = .017) and 50 J/cm2 (P = .017). There were no improved antimicrobial effects with serial treatments when comparing 2 doses of 50 J/cm2 with a single dose of 100J/cm2, nor were 2 doses of 75 J/cm2 more efficacious than 100 J/cm2. Using the Omnilux Blue device, it took 44.8 minutes to deliver a 75 J/cm2 dose. Conclusion BLT is an effective antimicrobial agent against this single virulent strain of C. acnes. Treatment dosing of 75 J/cm2 was identified to be the most effective dose per unit time. Serial treatments did not lead to superior antimicrobial effects over a single, high-dose treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Cotter
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa M. Cotter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colleen N. Riley
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jonah Dixon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nicholas VanDerwerker
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aniekanabasi Ime Ufot
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jared Godfrey
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David Gold
- Department of Physics and Optics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott J. Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian F. Grogan
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Rodrigues VS, Trevisan LAC, Cintra BS, Pires RH, Ribeiro AB, Tavares DC, Oberhaus E, Ferreira JC. Effectiveness of photo-ozone therapy against equine Pythium insidiosum. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105030. [PMID: 38342358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Cutaneous pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ozone (O3) have been used individually in the treatment of infected wounds. The goals of the study were a) to characterize the antimicrobial action of the photo-ozone therapy (LLLT-O3) against equine Pythium insidiosum, and b) to assess the cytotoxic potential of the LLLT-O3 in keratinocytes. Specimens of pathogen were isolated from 10 horses. After culturing, 120 hyphae plugs were distributed among four groups (n=30 hyphae plugs/group): LLLT (laser irradiation for 160 sec;), O3 (exposition to O3 for 15 min;), LLLT-O3 (LLLT and O3 treatments in sequence) and control (untreated plugs). The hyphae growth was measured during the first 14 days post-treatment. Where there was an absence of hyphae growth, the plug was recultured for an additional 7 days. The cytotoxic potential of the treatments against HaCaT keratinocytes was assessed by colorimetric assays. The LLLT-O3 and O3 treatments inactivated, respectively, 92.3% (28/30) and 30% (9/30) of the samples. No growth was detected after 7 days reculture of inactivated hyphae plugs on new media. Hyphae growth was visualized in 100% of the control and LLLT hyphae plugs. The viability of HaCaT cells was not affected by the isolated treatments (LLLT and O3), while the LLLT-O3 showed slight cytotoxic effect (20%) when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Photo-ozone therapy inactivated equine P. insidiosum hyphae with minimal cytotoxicity in skin cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Rodrigues
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - L A C Trevisan
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - B S Cintra
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - R H Pires
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - A B Ribeiro
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - D C Tavares
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600
| | - E Oberhaus
- School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana State University, 201D Animal & Food Sciences Lab Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 70803
| | - J C Ferreira
- Post-graduation Program in Animal Sciences, University of Franca, 201 Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira, Franca, SP, Brazil, 14404-600.
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Zhang W, Dong J. Suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal-transition blue light therapy for reducing macrophage-mediated cancerous pulmonary fibrosis: An in-vitro study. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202300253. [PMID: 37589213 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading killer among all types of cancer globally. As a key factor, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a crucial role in pathological fibrosis and lung cancer metastasis. This study endeavors to investigate the effect of blue light at specific wavelengths of 405 nm and 415 nm (54 J/cm2 ) on EMT induced by TGF-β1 in A549 cells. The results revealed that the blue light irradiation reduced the morphological characteristics of EMT in the A549 cells, and cell-to-cell connections were weakened significantly. Molecular analysis showed upregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and downregulation of EMT marker vimentin. Additionally, exposure to blue light irradiation at 405 nm and 415 nm significantly decelerated the ability of invasion and migration. Moreover, cell viability was also investigated. Based on these findings, blue light can serve as a useful therapeutic option for inhibiting EMT in cases of lung cancer and fibrotic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering (Suzhou), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Dong
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
- School of Future Science and Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Olszewska MA, Dev Kumar G, Hur M, Diez-Gonzalez F. Inactivation of dried cells and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes by exposure to blue light at different wavelengths and the influence of surface materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0114723. [PMID: 37846990 PMCID: PMC10617584 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01147-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) in the 400-470 nm wavelength range has been reported to kill multiple bacteria. This study assessed its potential for mitigating an important foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), focusing on surface decontamination. Three wavelengths were tested, with gallic acid as a photosensitizing agent (Ps), against dried cells obtained from bacterial suspensions, and biofilms on stainless-steel (SS) coupons. Following aBL exposure, standard microbiological analysis of inoculated coupons was conducted to measure viability. Statistical analysis of variance was performed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to observe the biofilm structures. Within 16 h of exposure at 405 nm, viable Lm dried cells and biofilms were reduced by approx. 3 log CFU/cm2 with doses of 2,672 J/cm2. Application of Ps resulted in an additional 1 log CFU/cm2 at 668 J/cm2, but its effect was not consistent. The highest dose (960 J/cm2) at 420 nm reduced viable counts on the biofilms by 1.9 log CFU/cm2. At 460 nm, after 800 J/cm2, biofilm counts were reduced by 1.6 log CFU/cm2. The effect of material composition on Lm viability was also investigated. Irradiation at 405 nm (668 J/cm2) of cells dried on polystyrene resulted in one of the largest viability reductions (4.0 log CFU/cm2), followed by high-density polyethylene (3.5 log CFU/cm2). Increasing the dose to 4,008 J/cm2 from 405 nm (24 h), improved its efficacy only on SS and polyvinyl chloride. Biofilm micrographs displayed a decrease in biofilm biomass due to the removal of biofilm portions from the surface and a shift from live to dead cells suggesting damage to biofilm cell membranes. These results suggest that aBL is a potential intervention to treat Lm contamination on typical material surfaces used in food production.IMPORTANCECurrent cleaning and sanitation programs are often not capable of controlling pathogen biofilms on equipment surfaces, which transmit the bacteria to ready-to-eat foods. The presence of native plant microbiota and organic matter can protect pathogenic bacteria by reducing the efficacy of sanitizers as well as promoting biofilm formation. Post-operation washing and sanitizing of produce contact surfaces might not be adequate in eliminating the presence of pathogens and commensal bacteria. The use of a dynamic and harmless light technology during downtime and close of operation could serve as a useful tool in preventing biofilm formation and persistence. Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) technology has been explored for hospital disinfection with very promising results, but its application to control foodborne pathogens remains relatively limited. The use of aBL could be a complementary strategy to inactivate surfaces in restaurant or supermarket deli settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A. Olszewska
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, The Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Minji Hur
- Center for Food Safety, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia, USA
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Szymczak K, Szewczyk G, Rychłowski M, Sarna T, Zhang L, Grinholc M, Nakonieczna J. Photoactivated Gallium Porphyrin Reduces Staphylococcus aureus Colonization on the Skin and Suppresses Its Ability to Produce Enterotoxin C and TSST-1. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5108-5124. [PMID: 37653709 PMCID: PMC10553792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a key pathogen in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenicity. Over half of AD patients are carriers of S. aureus. Clinical isolates derived from AD patients produce various staphylococcal enterotoxins, such as staphylococcal enterotoxin C or toxic shock syndrome toxin. The production of these virulence factors is correlated with more severe AD. In this study, we propose cationic heme-mimetic gallium porphyrin (Ga3+CHP), a novel gallium metalloporphyrin, as an anti-staphylococcal agent that functions through dual mechanisms: a light-dependent mechanism (antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation, aPDI) and a light-independent mechanism (suppressing iron metabolism). Ga3+CHP has two additive quaternary ammonium groups that increase its water solubility. Furthermore, Ga3+CHP is an efficient generator of singlet oxygen and can be recognized by heme-target systems such as Isd, which improves the intracellular accumulation of this compound. Ga3+CHP activated with green light effectively reduced the survival of clinical S. aureus isolates derived from AD patients (>5 log10 CFU/mL) and affected their enterotoxin gene expression. Additionally, there was a decrease in the biological functionality of studied toxins regarding their superantigenicity. In aPDI conditions, there was no pronounced toxicity in HaCaT keratinocytes with both normal and suppressed filaggrin gene expression, which occurs in ∼50% of AD patients. Additionally, no mutagenic activity was observed. Green light-activated gallium metalloporphyrins may be a promising chemotherapeutic to reduce S. aureus colonization on the skin of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Szymczak
- Laboratory
of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty
of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and
Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department
of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory
of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department
of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department
of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,
Frontier Science Center for Synthetic Biology and Key Laboratory of
Systems Bioengineering (MOE), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory
of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty
of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and
Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory
of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty
of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and
Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
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Insińska-Rak M, Sikorski M, Wolnicka-Glubisz A. Riboflavin and Its Derivates as Potential Photosensitizers in the Photodynamic Treatment of Skin Cancers. Cells 2023; 12:2304. [PMID: 37759526 PMCID: PMC10528563 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Riboflavin, a water-soluble vitamin B2, possesses unique biological and physicochemical properties. Its photosensitizing properties make it suitable for various biological applications, such as pathogen inactivation and photodynamic therapy. However, the effectiveness of riboflavin as a photosensitizer is hindered by its degradation upon exposure to light. The review aims to highlight the significance of riboflavin and its derivatives as potential photosensitizers for use in photodynamic therapy. Additionally, a concise overview of photodynamic therapy and utilization of blue light in dermatology is provided, as well as the photochemistry and photobiophysics of riboflavin and its derivatives. Particular emphasis is given to the latest findings on the use of acetylated 3-methyltetraacetyl-riboflavin derivative (3MeTARF) in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Insińska-Rak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.I.-R.); (M.S.)
| | - Marek Sikorski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (M.I.-R.); (M.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Wolnicka-Glubisz
- Department of Biophysics and Cancer Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Wang Y, Du J, Zhang D, Jin C, Chen J, Wang Z, Mei T, Fu K, Qian Q, Pang T. Primary antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:30-38. [PMID: 37315738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The incidence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) is 25-50% in developed countries and 80% in developing countries, including 56.2% in China. However, antibiotic resistance of HP is a threat to HP control. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate primary drug resistance of HP in China. METHODS The full text of reports of the primary antibiotic resistance prevalence of HP was obtained from multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Evimed, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Internet). Review Manager 5.2 was adopted for meta-analysis, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the article quality. RESULTS In total, 38804 HP samples from 22 trials were extracted. The results suggested that the overall prevalence of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin resistance among HP in adults was as follows: mean difference (MD) = 1.35%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.03%, 1.68%]; MD = 23.76%, 95% CI [20.23%, 27.3%]; MD = 69.32%, 95% CI [64.85%, 73.8%]; and MD = 29.45%, 95% CI [4.90, 176.96], respectively. From the results of sensitivity and publication bias, we find that these results are robust and had little publication bias. CONCLUSION Our research showed that in China, the prevalence of HP resistance to primary antibiotics warrants attention, especially with regard to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jinran Du
- Biotecnovo (Langfang) Medical Lab Co. Ltd., Langfang, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- Wanquan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, China
| | - Cong Jin
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiangpo Chen
- Biotecnovo (Langfang) Medical Lab Co. Ltd., Langfang, China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- Beijing Sentum Health Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tonglin Mei
- Beijing Sentum Health Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kaili Fu
- Beijing Sentum Health Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Qingzeng Qian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Tieliang Pang
- Biotecnovo (Langfang) Medical Lab Co. Ltd., Langfang, China.
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10
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Das A, Sil A, Kumar P, Khan I. Blue light and skin: what is the intriguing link? Clin Exp Dermatol 2023; 48:968-977. [PMID: 37097168 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Blue light has garnered attention because of its ability to penetrate more deeply into the skin layers, and induce cellular dysfunction and DNA damage. Photoageing, hyperpigmentation and melasma are some of the cutaneous changes that develop on exposure to blue light. To date, the therapeutic roles of blue light have been evaluated in dermatological conditions like psoriasis, eczema, acne vulgaris, actinic keratosis and cutaneous malignancies, among others. In this review, we have attempted to present an evidence-based compilation of the effects of blue light on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Das
- Department of Dermatology, KPC Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Abheek Sil
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Piyush Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Madhubani Medical College & Hospital, Madhubani, Bihar, India
| | - Ismat Khan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College and Hospital Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Huang S, Lin S, Qin H, Jiang H, Liu M. The Parameters Affecting Antimicrobial Efficiency of Antimicrobial Blue Light Therapy: A Review and Prospect. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041197. [PMID: 37189815 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) therapy is a novel non-antibiotic antimicrobial approach which works by generating reactive oxygen species. It has shown excellent antimicrobial ability to various microbial pathogens in many studies. However, due to the variability of aBL parameters (e.g., wavelength, dose), there are differences in the antimicrobial effect across different studies, which makes it difficult to form treatment plans for clinical and industrial application. In this review, we summarize research on aBL from the last six years to provide suggestions for clinical and industrial settings. Furthermore, we discuss the damage mechanism and protection mechanism of aBL therapy, and provide a prospect about valuable research fields related to aBL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Huang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shangfei Lin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, 6th Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
| | - Haokuan Qin
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Muqing Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 2005th Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
- Zhongshan Fudan Joint Innovation Center, 6th Xiangxing Road, Zhongshan 528403, China
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12
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Liao Y, Bian J, Miao S, Xu S, Li R, Liu R, Liu H, Qu J. Regulation of denitrification performance and microbial topology by lights: Insight into wavelength effects towards microbiota. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 232:119434. [PMID: 36746030 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The low efficiency of conventional complete denitrification, as well as the unstable nitrite supply for partial-denitrification coupled anammox (PD/A) restrict the efficient removal of nitrogen from industrial wastewaters. Herein, we proposed an optical strategy to bidirectionally regulate denitrification by introducing lights at different wavelengths, and the underlying mechanisms were elucidated accordingly. It turned out that yellow light at wavelength of 590 nm accelerated denitrification by 35.4%, while blue light delayed denitrification with stable nitrite accumulation above 86.9% and high nitrate removal (99.8%). Microbial physiology and viability further supported the positive effects of yellow light on microbial activity. Additionally, despite the sluggish denitrification aroused by blue light, negligible cellular damage was observed. Antioxidant capability divergence, microbial community shifting and metabolic flux redirection contributed to the wavelength-dependent effects. Halomonas and Pseudomonas were identified as high-credit taxonomic biomarkers of yellow and blue light. As revealed by metabolomics, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, glutamate metabolism and alkaloid biosynthesis presented high impact values. Co-analysis of metabolomics and metagenomics based on microbial topology further distinguished pivotal metabolic pathways and genes. Oxidative phosphorylation contributed to the divergent denitrification performance through electron transfer chains, whereas glutamate and glutathione metabolism contributed to oxidative stress alleviation and mediated the metabolic flux between peroxisome and nitrogen metabolism. This study shed a light on the application of optical strategy to regulate denitrification performance and achieve either complete denitrification or PD/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiyong Bian
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shiyu Miao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruiping Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Special Issue: “Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa”. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030744. [PMID: 36985317 PMCID: PMC10056382 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most prevalent pathogens causing nosocomial infections, mainly in patients presenting with basal pathologies or those who are immunocompromised [...]
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14
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Inhibitory effect of 405 nm laser light on bacterial biofilm in urethral stent. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3908. [PMID: 36890147 PMCID: PMC9995349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of urethral stents is usually complicated by various adverse effects, including dysuria, fever, and urinary tract infection (UTI). Biofilms (formed by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus) adhering to the stent cause UTIs in stented patients (approximately 11%). The undesirable consequences of antibiotics use include bacterial resistance, weight gain, and type 1 diabetes, which occur when antibiotics are used for a long time. We aimed to assess the efficacy of a new optical treatment with a 405 nm laser to inhibit bacterial growth in a urethral stent in vitro. The urethral stent was grown in S. aureus broth media for three days to induce biofilm formation under dynamic conditions. Various irradiation times with the 405 nm laser light were tested (5, 10, and 15 min). The efficacy of the optical treatment on biofilms was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The production of reactive oxygen species helped eliminate the biofilm over the urethral stent after 405 nm irradiation. The inhibition rate corresponded to a 2.2 log reduction of colony-forming units/mL of bacteria after 0.3 W/cm2 of irradiation for 10 min. The treated stent showed a significant reduction in biofilm formation compared with the untreated stent, as demonstrated by SYTO 9 and propidium iodide staining. MTT assays using the CCD-986sk cell line revealed no toxicity after 10 min of irradiation. We conclude that optical treatment with 405 nm laser light inhibits bacterial growth in urethral stents with no or minimal toxicity.
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15
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Kim HJ, Sritandi W, Xiong Z, Ho JS. Bioelectronic devices for light-based diagnostics and therapies. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:011304. [PMID: 38505817 PMCID: PMC10903427 DOI: 10.1063/5.0102811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Light has broad applications in medicine as a tool for diagnosis and therapy. Recent advances in optical technology and bioelectronics have opened opportunities for wearable, ingestible, and implantable devices that use light to continuously monitor health and precisely treat diseases. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the development and application of light-based bioelectronic devices. We summarize the key features of the technologies underlying these devices, including light sources, light detectors, energy storage and harvesting, and wireless power and communications. We investigate the current state of bioelectronic devices for the continuous measurement of health and on-demand delivery of therapy. Finally, we highlight major challenges and opportunities associated with light-based bioelectronic devices and discuss their promise for enabling digital forms of health care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weni Sritandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John S. Ho
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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16
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Tang D, Liu C, Chen X, Lv X, Yuan L, Xue D, Song H. The associations between diode laser (810 nm) therapy and chronic wound healing and pain relief: Light into the chronic wound patient's life. Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:227-232. [PMID: 36541709 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds have become one of the major issues in medicine today, the treatments for which include dressing changes, negative pressure wound therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, light irradiation, surgery and so forth. Nevertheless, the application of diode lasers in chronic wounds has rarely been reported. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of diode laser (810 nm) irradiation on chronic wounds. Eighty-nine patients were enrolled in the study. The control group (41 patients) received traditional dressing change therapy, while the diode laser treatment group (48 patients) were patients received additional treatment with diode laser (810 nm) irradiation for 10 min at each dressing change. Wound healing time was compared between two groups, while the pain relief index was creatively introduced to evaluate the effect of relieving wound pain, which was calculated by the difference in pain scores between the first and last dressing changes divided by the number of treatment days. The wound healing time of the diode laser treatment group was 22.71 ± 8.99 days, which was significantly shorter than that of the control group (37.44 ± 23.42 days). The pain relief index of the diode laser treatment group was 0.081 ± 0.055, which was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (0.057 ± 0.033). Our findings suggest that diode laser irradiation has the potential to promote healing in chronic wounds and relieve wound pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Burn and Plastic Surgery Department, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Lv
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Xue
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huapei Song
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Prado TP, Zanchetta FC, Barbieri B, Aparecido C, Melo Lima MH, Araujo EP. Photobiomodulation with Blue Light on Wound Healing: A Scoping Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020575. [PMID: 36836932 PMCID: PMC9959862 DOI: 10.3390/life13020575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation consists of inducing healing by irradiating light. This scoping review investigates the effect of blue light on the healing process. METHODS The MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched. Two reviewers independently examined the search results and extracted data from the included studies. A descriptive analysis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-two articles were included. Studies were categorized as in vitro/mixed, preclinical, and clinical. The power density used was 10-680 mW/cm2 in most of the in vitro/preclinical studies, the irradiation time ranged from 5 s to 10 min, and different wavelengths and energy densities were used. In clinical studies, the wavelength ranged from 405 to 470 nm, and the energy density varied from 1.5 to 30 J/cm2. CONCLUSIONS A low energy density (<20 J/cm2) was able to stimulate the different cell types and proteins involved in healing, while a high energy density, 20.6-50 J/cm2, significantly reduced cell proliferation, migration, and metabolism. There is a great variety of device parameters among studies, and this makes it difficult to conclude what the best technical specifications are. Thus, further studies should be performed in order to define the appropriate parameters of light to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais P. Prado
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Flávia Cristina Zanchetta
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Barbieri
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Caroline Aparecido
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Melo Lima
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Eliana P. Araujo
- School of Nursing, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas 13083-887, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-864, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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18
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Luchian I, Budală DG, Baciu ER, Ursu RG, Diaconu-Popa D, Butnaru O, Tatarciuc M. The Involvement of Photobiology in Contemporary Dentistry-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043985. [PMID: 36835395 PMCID: PMC9961259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is an emerging treatment approach that is being used to treat many diseases and conditions such as pain, inflammation, and wound healing. The light used in dental therapy generally lies in visible and invisible spectral regions. Despite many positive results in the treatment of different conditions, this therapy still faces some skepticism, which has prevented its widespread adoption in clinics. The main reason for this skepticism is the lack of comprehensive information about the molecular, cellular, and tissular mechanisms of action, which underpin the positive effects of phototherapy. However, there is currently promising evidence in support of the use of light therapy across a spectrum of oral hard and soft tissues, as well as in a variety of important dental subspecialties, such as endodontics, periodontics, orthodontics, and maxillofacial surgery. The merging of diagnostic and therapeutic light procedures is also seen as a promising area for future expansion. In the next decade, several light technologies are foreseen as becoming integral parts of modern dentistry practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionut Luchian
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Dana Gabriela Budală
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (E.-R.B.)
| | - Elena-Raluca Baciu
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.G.B.); (E.-R.B.)
| | - Ramona Gabriela Ursu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity (IX)—Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Diana Diaconu-Popa
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Oana Butnaru
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
| | - Monica Tatarciuc
- Department of Dental Technology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iași, Romania
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19
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Yi L, Gao L, Lv L, Zhang B, Chen F, Yang F, Yan W, Jiang L, Li N, Lao Y, Lu J, Huang X. Therapeutic efficacy of metronidazole by needle-free jet injection combined with blue light therapy in Moderate-to-Severe facial acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:569-576. [PMID: 36208057 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatological diseases. Some topical treatments for acne used in combination, such as blue light and topical antibiotics (such as metronidazole) by needle-free jet injection (NFJI), are becoming prevalent in clinical practice, but the efficacy remains uncertain. METHODS In order to investigate the effect of blue light combined with metronidazole by NFJI in the treatment of acne, the 251 enrolled patients were randomly assigned into the blue light group, metronidazole (MNZ) group, and MNZ + blue light group, and then received 6-weeks' treatment. A variety of objective and subjective methods such as clinical pictures, skin barrier physiological parameters (including trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration, facail surface sebum, erythema and pigmentation), the Investigator Global Assessment score, acne lesion count assessment, Patients' Self-Assessment, and VAS score were used to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the treatments. RESULTS Compared to the baseline, the MNZ + blue light group showed significant improvement in acne lesion count reduction, TEWL, straum corneum hydration, facial surface sebum and erythema (p < 0.05). The MNZ + blue light group showed significant differences compared with the MNZ group and blue light group in terms of acne lesion count reduction and erythema (p < 0.05) Compared to the MNZ group, the MNZ + blue light group demonstrated significant improvement in TEWL and sebum (p < 0.05). While compared to the blue light group, the MNZ + blue light group showed significant improvement in hydration (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference among the three groups in pigmentation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The combination of MNZ by NFJI and blue light has a synergistic effect and can relieve acne skin lesion within 6 weeks in the treatment of moderate and moderate-to-severe facial acne vulgaris, meanwhile, this method has a good safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology/Cosmetic Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lihua Gao
- Departments of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv Lv
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Departments of Stomatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangru Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology/Cosmetic Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Wenjie Yan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology/Cosmetic Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Nianzhen Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Yuanqing Lao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology/Cosmetic Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Departments of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology/Cosmetic Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
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20
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Kennedy R. Phototherapy as a Treatment for Dermatological Diseases, Cancer, Aesthetic Dermatologic Conditions and Allergenic Rhinitis in Adult and Paediatric Medicine. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010196. [PMID: 36676145 PMCID: PMC9864074 DOI: 10.3390/life13010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has led to an increase in the use of lighting regimes within medicine particularly as a treatment for dermatological conditions. New devices have demonstrated significant results for the treatment of medical conditions, including mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris, wound healing, psoriasis, squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease), basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis, and cosmetic applications. The three wavelengths of light that have demonstrated several therapeutic applications are blue (415 nm), red (633 nm), and near-infrared (830 nm). This review shows their potential for treating dermatological conditions. Phototherapy has also been shown to be an effective treatment for allergenic rhinitis in children and adults. In a double-anonymized randomized study it was found that there was 70% improvement of clinical symptoms of allergic rhinitis after intranasal illumination by low-energy narrow-band phototherapy at a wavelength of 660 nm three times a day for 14 consecutive days. Improvement of oedema in many patients with an age range of 7-17 were also observed. These light treatments can now be self-administered by sufferers using devices such as the Allergy Reliever phototherapy device. The device emits visible light (mUV/VIS) and infra-red light (660 nm and 940 nm) wavelengths directly on to the skin in the nasal cavity for a 3 min period. Several phototherapy devices emitting a range of wavelengths have recently become available for use and which give good outcomes for some dermatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Kennedy
- Warwickshire College University Centre, Warwick New Road, Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire CV32 5JE, UK
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21
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Lapuhs P, Heinrich E, Garcia R, Goes A, Frank N, Bollenbach L, Stibane V, Kuhn T, Koch M, Kiemer AK, Müller R, Fuhrmann K, Fuhrmann G. The inherent antibiotic activity of myxobacteria-derived autofluorescent outer membrane vesicles is switched on and off by light stimulation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17534-17542. [PMID: 36416362 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles are small, lipid-based vesicles shed from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. They are becoming increasingly recognised as important factors for resistance gene transfer, bacterial virulence factors and host cell modulation. The presence of pathogenic factors and antimicrobial compounds in bacterial vesicles has been proven in recent years, but it remains unclear, if and how environmental factors, such as light specifically regulate the vesicle composition. We report the first example of autofluorescent vesicles derived from non-pathogenic soil-living myxobacteria. These vesicles additionally showed inherent antibiotic activity, a property that is specifically regulated by light stimulation of the producing bacteria. Our data provide a central basis for better understanding the environmental impact on bacteria-derived vesicles, and design of future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Lapuhs
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Eilien Heinrich
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ronald Garcia
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Adriely Goes
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nicolas Frank
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Lukas Bollenbach
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Veronika Stibane
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Thomas Kuhn
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Alexandra K Kiemer
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Gregor Fuhrmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Campus E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department Biology, Pharmaceutical Biology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Leder MCD, Bagheri M, Plattfaut I, Fuchs PC, Brüning AKE, Schiefer JL, Opländer C. Phototherapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Infected Wounds: Preclinical Evaluation of Antimicrobial Blue Light (450-460 nm) Using In Vitro Assays and a Human Wound Skin Model. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:800-809. [PMID: 36306523 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine effective treatment strategies against bacterial infections of burn wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we tested different treatment regimens with antibacterial blue light (BL). Background: Infections of burn wounds are serious complications and require effective and pathogen-specific therapy. Hereby, infections caused by P. aeruginosa pose a particular challenge in clinical practice due to its resistance to many antibiotics and topical antiseptics. Methods: LED-based light sources (450-460 nm) with different intensities and treatment times were used. Antibacterial effects against P. aeruginosa were determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, human skin wound models, and fluorescence imaging. Results: In suspension assays, BL (2 h, 40 mW/cm2, 288 J/cm2) reduced bacterial number (>5 log10 CFU/mL). Applying 144 J/cm2, using 40 mW/cm2 for 1 h was more effective (>4 log10 CFU) than using 20 mW/cm2 for 2 h (>1.5 log10 CFU). BL with low irradiance (24 h, 3.5 mW/cm2, 300 J/cm2) only revealed bacterial reduction in thin bacteria-containing medium layers. In infected in vitro skin wounds only BL irradiation (2 h, 40 mW/cm2, 288 J/cm2) exerted a significant antimicrobial efficacy (2.94 log10 CFU/mL). Conclusions: BL treatment may be an effective therapy for P. aeruginosa-infected wounds to avoid radical surgical debridement. However, a significant antibacterial efficacy can only be achieved with higher irradiances and longer treatment times (min. 40 mW/cm2; >1 h), which cannot be easily integrated into regular clinical treatment protocols, for example, during a dressing change. Further studies are necessary to establish BL therapy for infected burns among tissue compatibility and interactions with previous therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte D Leder
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Mahsa Bagheri
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Isabell Plattfaut
- Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Paul C Fuchs
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K E Brüning
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center North Rhine Westphalia, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Schiefer
- Plastic Surgery, Hand Surgery, Burn Center, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Opländer
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine (IFOM), Cologne-Merheim Medical Center, Witten/Herdecke University, Cologne, Germany
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Blue-LED-Light Photobiomodulation of Inflammatory Responses and New Tissue Formation in Mouse-Skin Wounds. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101564. [PMID: 36295000 PMCID: PMC9604901 DOI: 10.3390/life12101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent studies evidence that blue-LED-light irradiation can modulate cell responses in the wound healing process within 24 h from treatment. This study aims to investigate blue-light (410-430 nm) photobiomodulation used in a murine wound model within six days post-treatment. Methods: A superficial wound was made in 30 CD1 male mice. The injuries were treated with a blue LED light (20.6 J/cm2), and biopsies were collected at 24, 72, and 144 h. Histology, fluorescence analysis, and advanced microscopy techniques were used. Results: We can observe an increase in the cellular infiltrate response, and in mast-cell density and their degranulation index correlated to the expression of the major histocompatibility complex after 24 h. Furthermore, after six days, the vessel density increases with the expression of the platelet-derived growth factor in the mast cells. Finally, collagen deposition and morphology in the treated wounds appear more similar to unwounded skin. Conclusions: Blue-light photobiomodulation stimulates several cellular processes that are finely coordinated by mast cells, leading to more rapid wound healing and a better-recovered skin morphology.
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Gricajeva A, Buchovec I, Kalėdienė L, Badokas K, Vitta P. Riboflavin- and chlorophyllin-based antimicrobial photoinactivation of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1006723. [PMID: 36262183 PMCID: PMC9575555 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1006723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some Brevundimonas spp. are globally emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be dangerous to individuals with underlying medical conditions and for those who are immunocompromised. Gram-negative Brevundimonas spp. can form resilient sessile biofilms and are found not only in different confined terrestrial settings (e.g., hospitals) but are also frequently detected in spacecraft which is inhabited by astronauts that can have altered immunity. Therefore, Brevundimonas spp. pose a serious health hazard in different environments, especially in its biofilm form. Conventional antimicrobials applied to disrupt, inactivate, or prevent biofilm formation have limited efficiency and applicability in different closed-loop systems. Therefore, new, effective, and safe biofilm control technologies are in high demand. The present work aimed to investigate antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 monocultural biofilms mediated by non-toxic, natural photosensitizers such as riboflavin (RF) and chlorophyllin (Chl) with an emphasis of this technology as an example to be safely used in closed-loop systems such as spacecraft. The present study showed that Chl-based API had a bactericidal effect on Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms at twice the lower irradiation doses than was needed when applying RF-based API. Long-term API based on RF and Chl using 450 nm low irradiance plate has also been studied in this work as a more practically applicable API method. The ability of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms to reduce alamarBlue™ and regrowth analysis have revealed that after the applied photoinactivation, bacteria can enter a viable but non-culturable state with no ability to resuscitate in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Gricajeva
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- *Correspondence: Alisa Gricajeva,
| | - Irina Buchovec
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Life Sciences Center, Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kazimieras Badokas
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Pranciškus Vitta
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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25
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Purbhoo-Makan M, Houreld NN, Enwemeka CS. The Effects of Blue Light on Human Fibroblasts and Diabetic Wound Healing. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091431. [PMID: 36143466 PMCID: PMC9505688 DOI: 10.3390/life12091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a serious threat to global health and is among the top 10 causes of death. The Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is among the most common and severe complications of the disease. Bacterial infections are common; therefore, timely aggressive management, using multidisciplinary management approaches is needed to prevent complications, morbidity, and mortality, particularly in view of the growing cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves the application of low-level light at specific wavelengths to induce cellular photochemical and photophysical responses. Red and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths have been shown to be beneficial, and recent studies indicate that other wavelengths within the visible spectrum could be helpful as well, including blue light (400–500 nm). Reports of the antimicrobial activity and susceptibility of blue light on several strains of the same bacterium show that many bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to blue light treatment, meaning it is a viable alternative to antibiotic therapy. However, not all studies have shown positive results for wound healing and fibroblast proliferation. This paper presents a critical review of the literature concerning the use of PBM, with a focus on blue light, for tissue healing and diabetic ulcer care, identifies the pros and cons of PBM intervention, and recommends the potential role of PBM for diabetic ulcer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meesha Purbhoo-Makan
- Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Nicolette Nadene Houreld
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Chukuka S. Enwemeka
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
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26
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Engelhart-Straub S, Cavelius P, Hölzl F, Haack M, Awad D, Brueck T, Mehlmer N. Effects of Light on Growth and Metabolism of Rhodococcus erythropolis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081680. [PMID: 36014097 PMCID: PMC9416670 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus erythropolis is resilient to various stressors. However, the response of R. erythropolis towards light has not been evaluated. In this study, R. erythropolis was exposed to different wavelengths of light. Compared to non-illuminated controls, carotenoid levels were significantly increased in white (standard warm white), green (510 nm) and blue light (470 nm) illuminated cultures. Notably, blue light (455, 425 nm) exhibited anti-microbial effects. Interestingly, cellular lipid composition shifted under light stress, increasing odd chain fatty acids (C15:0, C17:1) cultured under white (standard warm white) and green (510 nm) light. When exposed to blue light (470, 455, 425 nm), fatty acid profiles shifted to more saturated fatty acids (C16:1 to C16:0). Time-resolved proteomics analysis revealed several oxidative stress-related proteins to be upregulated under light illumination.
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27
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Servito M, Fernández AL, Culhane S, Amador-Godoy Y, El-Diasty M. Occult prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium acnes: a case report. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:e216-e218. [PMID: 35446155 PMCID: PMC9246548 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an unusual case of occult mechanical aortic valve endocarditis caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), which occurred five years after the initial cardiac surgical procedure. The only potential source of this infection from the patient's past medical history was a gastric band removal followed by a gastric bypass surgery, which was performed two years prior to her redo cardiac procedure. The patient's main presenting symptom was progressive dyspnoea with worsening of gradients across the mechanical aortic valve. Of note, she had no cardinal symptoms of infection. The patient underwent redo bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement with aortic root replacement. Prosthetic valve cultures grew P. acnes, while blood cultures remained negative. She was started on intravenous antibiotics for six weeks and her postoperative course was uneventful. She remained symptom-free six months postoperatively. This case opens the discussion for the importance of administering antibiotics prophylaxis for endocarditis in patients with prosthetic heart valves undergoing gastric procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Servito
- Kingston Health Science Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - AL Fernández
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - S Culhane
- Kingston Health Science Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Amador-Godoy
- Kingston Health Science Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - M El-Diasty
- Kingston Health Science Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Luo S, Yang X, Wu S, Li Y, Wu J, Liu M, Liu Z, Yu K, Wang X, Dai T, Huang X, Hu X. Understanding a defensive response of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) after exposure to multiple cycles of sub-lethal blue Light. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6604381. [PMID: 35675215 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light (BL) has showed bactericidal effectiveness against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the major clinical pathogens with antibiotic resistance. Bacteria likely respond to the oxidative stress induced by BL, however, the defensive response is still unclear. This study was to reveal the phenotypic change of MRSA after exposed to 15 cycles of sub-lethal blue light illumination. The comparative transcriptomic results showed that the expression of peptidoglycan (PG) synthesis gene glmS was significantly up-regulated in the cells after the multiple cycle light treatment, and the biochemical analysis determined that the content of PG synthesized was increased by 25.86% when compared to that in control cells. Furthermore, significant thickening of the cell wall was observed under transmission electron microscope (P < 0.05). The light sensitivity of the tested MRSA strain was reduced after the multiple cycles light treatment, indicating the possibility of MRSA being more adaptive to the BL stress. The present study suggested that the multiple cycles of sub-lethal BL could change the light susceptibility of MRSA through thickening cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University Ave and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Yuanbu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Keyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xiaodong Huang
- Guangzhou YueHui Cosmetics Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 514410, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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29
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Santos AL, Liu D, Reed AK, Wyderka AM, van Venrooy A, Li JT, Li VD, Misiura M, Samoylova O, Beckham JL, Ayala-Orozco C, Kolomeisky AB, Alemany LB, Oliver A, Tegos GP, Tour JM. Light-activated molecular machines are fast-acting broad-spectrum antibacterials that target the membrane. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm2055. [PMID: 35648847 PMCID: PMC9159576 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the dwindling antibiotic research and development pipeline have created a pressing global health crisis. Here, we report the discovery of a distinctive antibacterial therapy that uses visible (405 nanometers) light-activated synthetic molecular machines (MMs) to kill Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, in minutes, vastly outpacing conventional antibiotics. MMs also rapidly eliminate persister cells and established bacterial biofilms. The antibacterial mode of action of MMs involves physical disruption of the membrane. In addition, by permeabilizing the membrane, MMs at sublethal doses potentiate the action of conventional antibiotics. Repeated exposure to antibacterial MMs is not accompanied by resistance development. Finally, therapeutic doses of MMs mitigate mortality associated with bacterial infection in an in vivo model of burn wound infection. Visible light-activated MMs represent an unconventional antibacterial mode of action by mechanical disruption at the molecular scale, not existent in nature and to which resistance development is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- IdISBA–Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Anna K. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Aaron M. Wyderka
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | - John T. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Victor D. Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Mikita Misiura
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Olga Samoylova
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Jacob L. Beckham
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence B. Alemany
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Shared Equipment Authority, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Antonio Oliver
- IdISBA–Fundación de Investigación Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares, Palma, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - George P. Tegos
- Office of Research, Reading Hospital, Tower Health, 420 S. Fifth Avenue, West Reading, PA 19611, USA
| | - James M. Tour
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- NanoCarbon Center and the Welch Institute for Advanced Materials, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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30
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Zhang D, Prigiobbe V. Measuring and modeling the influence of salinity change on the transport behaviour of Escherichia coli through quartz sand. JOURNAL OF CONTAMINANT HYDROLOGY 2022; 248:104016. [PMID: 35512510 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can be discharged in the environment through natural as well as anthropogenic activities. Once in the environment, they may contaminate soil and sediments and migrate towards water bodies. Transient chemical conditions may occur in soil/sediments and favor mobilization of bacteria, e.g., upon the reduction of salinity (or ionic strength). However, the magnitude of this phenomenon and its relationship with particle size is not well understood, yet. In this work, we investigated the transport of Escherichia coli under variable salinity conditions (between 1 and 20 part per thousand, ppt) and for different soil grain sizes (between 150 and 710 μm). A model developed in our group was applied in this work. It couples bacteria and salinity transport equations in order to account for transient water composition in the description of bacteria migration. The model was calibrated and validated with laboratory experiments. The tests were monitored continuously with UV-Vis spectroscopy, which allowed to record highly resolved concentration fronts. The results show that salinity increases the retardation of the bacteria. Upon salinity drop, a release of bacteria occurs forming a peak whose magnitude increases with salinity change. This effect becomes more important as the grain size decreases. Simulations suggest that the dominant retention mechanism is attachment for coarse sand and straining for fine sand. The retention can be reversed as the salinity is reduced causing a sudden bacteria mobilization. Such a behaviour may have important implications on microbial contamination of water bodies when soil/sediments undergo transient chemical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, United States
| | - Valentina Prigiobbe
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States.
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Akasov R, Khaydukov EV, Yamada M, Zvyagin AV, Leelahavanichkul A, Leanse LG, Dai T, Prow T. Nanoparticle enhanced blue light therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114198. [PMID: 35301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Luo S, Yang XI, Wu S, Liu M, Zhang X, Sun X, Li Y, Wang X, Wang X, Hu X. Blue Light for Inactivation of Meatborne Pathogens and Maintaining the Freshness of Beef. J Food Prot 2022; 85:553-562. [PMID: 34882203 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Beef is rich in various nutrients but easily spoils due to bacterial contamination; thus, a bactericidal method is needed to inactivate meatborne pathogens while maintaining the freshness of beef. The present study was conducted to investigate for the first time the bactericidal effect of blue light (BL) at 415 nm against four meatborne pathogens (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes) both in vitro and inoculated onto the surface of fresh beef. The populations of the four pathogens on the nonirradiated control beef did not change significantly (P > 0.05), whereas a dose-dependent inactivation effect was found for BL-treated beef both in vitro and in vivo. On the beef cuts, BL at 109.44 J/cm2 inactivated 90% of inoculated cells of the tested strains (P < 0.05), and this inactivation effect was sustained during 7 days of cold storage. Insignificant changes in lipid oxidation rate, water holding capacity, and cooking loss were found during storage between the control beef and the beef irradiated at 109.44 J/cm2 at the same time. BL had a minor and nonsignificant effect on surface color and free amino acid concentrations. The pH of the treated beef increased more slowly (P < 0.05) than did that of untreated beef. These results suggest that BL could be a novel bactericide and could help maintain the freshness of beef. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - X I Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, University Avenue and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand and
| | - Minmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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Lu M, Wong KI, Li X, Wang F, Wei L, Wang S, Wu MX. Oregano Oil and Harmless Blue Light to Synergistically Inactivate Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:810746. [PMID: 35359746 PMCID: PMC8961286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.810746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light (BL) at 405 nm and oregano essential oil (OEO) have shown bactericidal activity by its own. Here, we demonstrated that the two synergistically killed multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Pa ATCC19660 and HS0065 planktonic cells and mature biofilms were reduced by more than 7 log10 after treatment by BL combined with OEO, in sharp contrast to no significant bacterial reduction with the monotreatment. The duo also sufficiently eliminated acute or biofilm-associated infection of open burn wounds in murine without incurring any harmful events in the skin. The synergic bactericide was attributed mainly to the ability of OEO to magnify cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production initiated by BL that excited endogenous tetrapyrrole macrocycles in bacteria while completely sparing the surrounding tissues from the phototoxic action. OEO ingredient analysis in combination with microbial assays identified carvacrol and its isomer thymol to be the major phytochemicals that cooperated with BL executing synergic killing. The finding argues persuasively for valuable references of carvacrol and thymol in assessing and standardizing the bactericidal potential of various OEO products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ka Ioi Wong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Department of Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei X. Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Mei X. Wu,
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Polce EM, Cotter EJ, Polania-Gonzalez E, Grogan BF. Patient Compliance and Satisfaction with Topical Benzoyl Peroxide Gel Prior to Shoulder Surgery. JSES Int 2022; 6:686-689. [PMID: 35813137 PMCID: PMC9263990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jseint.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Exposure to b-LED Light While Exerting Antimicrobial Activity on Gram-Negative and -Positive Bacteria Promotes Transient EMT-like Changes and Growth Arrest in Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031896. [PMID: 35163819 PMCID: PMC8837184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While blue LED (b-LED) light is increasingly being studied for its cytotoxic activity towards bacteria in therapy of skin-related infections, its effects on eukaryotic cells plasticity are less well characterized. Moreover, since different protocols are often used, comparing the effect of b-LED towards both microorganisms and epithelial surfaces may be difficult. The aim of this study was to analyze, in the same experimental setting, both the bactericidal activity and the effects on human keratinocytes. Exposure to b-LED induced an intense cytocidal activity against Gram-positive (i.e, Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria associated with catheter-related infections. Treatment with b-LED of a human keratinocyte cell line induced a transient cell cycle arrest. At the molecular level, exposure to b-LED induced a transient downregulation of Cyclin D1 and an upregulation of p21, but not signs of apoptosis. Interestingly, a transient induction of phosphor-histone γ-H2Ax, which is associated with genotoxic damages, was observed. At the same time, keratinocytes underwent a transient epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like phenotype, characterized by E-cadherin downregulation and SNAIL/SLUG induction. As a functional readout of EMT induction, a scratch assay was performed. Surprisingly, b-LED treatment provoked a delay in the scratch closure. In conclusion, we demonstrated that b-LED microbicidal activity is associated with complex responses in keratinocytes that certainly deserve further analysis.
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Hough Transform Sensitivity Factor Calculation Model Applied to the Analysis of Acne Vulgaris Skin Lesions. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The number of infectious spots or pathological structures recorded on dermatological images is a tool to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Dermatological images for the detection and monitoring of the evolution of acne infections are evaluated globally, comparing whether the increase or decrease in infectious lesions appearing on an image is significant. This evaluation method is only indicative since its accuracy is low. The accuracy problem could be improved by an exact count of the number of structures and spots appearing on the image. The mathematical function circular Hough transform (CHT) function implemented in MATLAB is here applied to develop a procedure for counting these structures. CHT has been used in the recognition of benign and distorted red blood cells, in the detection of pellet sizes in industrial processes and in the automated detection and morphological characterization of breast tumor masses from infrared images, as well as for the detection of brain aneurysms and use in magnetic resonance imaging. The sensitivity factor is one of the many parameters required to feed the CHT algorithm. Its choice is unclear as there is no proper methodology to select an optimum value suitable for each image. In this work, a procedure for determining the optimal value of the sensitivity factor is proposed The approach is validated by comparison with the results of the manual counting of the points (ground truth).
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Preliminary Studies of Antimicrobial Activity of New Synthesized Hybrids of 2-Thiohydantoin and 2-Quinolone Derivatives Activated with Blue Light. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27031069. [PMID: 35164334 PMCID: PMC8839260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27031069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiohydantoin and quinolone derivatives have attracted researchers’ attention because of a broad spectrum of their medical applications. The aim of our research was to synthesize and analyze the antimicrobial properties of novel 2-thiohydantoin and 2-quinolone derivatives. For this purpose, two series of hybrid compounds were synthesized. Both series consisted of 2-thiohydantoin core and 2-quinolone derivative ring, however one of them was enriched with an acetic acid group at N3 atom in 2-thiohydantoin core. Antibacterial properties of these compounds were examined against bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antimicrobial assay was carried out using a serial dilution method to obtain the MIC. The influence of blue light irradiation on the tested compounds was investigated. The relative yield of singlet oxygen (1O2*, 1Δg) generation upon excitation with 420 nm was determined by a comparative method, employing perinaphthenone (PN) as a standard. Antimicrobial properties were also investigated after blue light irradiation of the suspensions of the hybrids and bacteria placed in microtitrate plates. Preliminary results confirmed that some of the hybrid compounds showed bacteriostatic activity to the reference Gram-positive bacterial strains and a few of them were bacteriostatic towards Gram-negative bacteria, as well. Blue light activation enhanced bacteriostatic effect of the tested compounds.
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de Oliveira Assunção FF, Nascimento É, Chaves L, da Silva AMH, Martinez R, de Jesus Guirro RR. Inhibition of bacterial growth through LED (light-emitting diode) 465 and 630 nm: in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:2439-2447. [PMID: 35075597 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03505-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation has been used to inactivate bacterial growth, in different laser or LED protocols. Thus, the aim of this study was to verify the inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, in ATCC strains and bacteria collected from patients with skin burns, after irradiation with LED; 300 μl of saline solution with bacterial suspension was irradiated at a concentration of 0.5-0.63, by the McFarland scale, after five serial dilutions, with evaluation of pre- and post-irradiation pH and temperature control. The cultures were placed in a bacteriological incubator at 37 °C for 24 h for later counting of colony-forming units (CFU). Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk tests and single-factor ANOVA, with Tukey post hoc (p < 0.05). Both wavelengths and energy densities tested showed inhibition of bacterial growth. The comparison of the irradiated groups (ATCC) with the control group showed the following: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa 465 nm (40 J/cm2) and 630 nm (50 J/cm2) and E. coli 465 nm (40 J/cm2) and 630 nm (30 J/cm2). Among the ATCC S. aureus groups, there was a difference for 630 nm (30 J/cm2) and 465 nm (30, 40, 50 J/cm2). The bacteria from the burned patients were S. aureus (30 and 50 J/cm2) and P. aeruginosa (50 J/cm2). We conclude that different bacterial strains were reduced into colony-forming units after LED irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Fernanda de Oliveira Assunção
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 - Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Érika Nascimento
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Chaves
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Márcio Hakme da Silva
- Center for Engineering Applied To Heath School of Engineering of São Carlos, Postdoctoral Researcher, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Roberto de Jesus Guirro
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 - Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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Li J, Li J, Zhang L, Liu X, Cao Y, Wang P, Wang X. Comparison of red light and blue light therapies for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris: A randomized controlled clinical study. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2022; 38:459-464. [PMID: 34981580 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red and blue light therapies are safe and effective treatments for mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris. However, very few previous studies have directly compared the characteristics of these two methods. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and side effects of red light (RL) and blue light (BL) for acne vulgaris and to assess these two therapies in different types of lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 28 subjects with mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris were randomized into the RL group or the BL group. Subjects in each group received different light treatments, and they were followed up regularly until 2 weeks after the last treatment. The improvement rates of different types of acne lesions were compared between the 2 groups, as well as the incidence of adverse reactions. RESULTS At the 2-week follow-up, the average improvement rate of total acne lesions was 36.2% in the RL group and 30.7% in the BL group (p > .05). The average improvement rate of inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions was 51.5% and 17.3% in the RL group, compared with 26.4% and 10.0% in the BL group (all p > .05). Treatment-related adverse reactions were observed distinctly in the BL group. CONCLUSIONS Red light and BL therapies have similar efficacy in mild-to-moderate acne vulgaris, especially for inflammatory lesions. RL had advantages with fewer adverse reactions compared with BL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiandan Li
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajing Cao
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiru Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Gibson S, Saunders R, Stasko N, Bickerstaff CB, Oakley J, Osterman M, Torres RT, Kish JK, Feinberg BA, Emerson D. Economic and clinical impact of a novel, light-based, at-home antiviral treatment on mild-to-moderate COVID-19. J Med Econ 2022; 25:503-514. [PMID: 35387539 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2022.2055370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antiviral treatments for early intervention in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 are needed as a complement to vaccination. We sought to estimate the impact on COVID-19 cases, deaths, and direct healthcare costs over 12 months following introduction of a novel, antiviral treatment, RD-X19, a light-based, at-home intervention designed for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. METHODS A time-dependent, state transition (semi-Markov) cohort model was developed to simulate infection progression in individuals with COVID-19 in 3 US states with varying levels of vaccine uptake (Alabama, North Carolina, and Massachusetts) and at the national level between 1 June 2020 and 31 May 2021. The hypothetical cohort of patients entering the model progressed through subsequent health states after infection. Costs were assigned to each health state. Number of infections/vaccinations per day were incorporated into the model. Simulations were run to estimate outcomes (cases by severity, deaths, and direct healthcare costs) at various levels of adoption of RD-X19 (5%, 10%, 25%) in eligible infected individuals at the state and national levels and across three levels of clinical benefit based on the results from an early feasibility study of RD-X19. The clinical benefit reflects a decline in the duration of symptomatic disease by 1.2, 2.4 (base case), and 3.6 days. RESULTS In the base case analysis with 10% adoption, simulated infections/deaths/direct healthcare costs were reduced by 10,059/275/$69 million in Alabama, 21,092/545/$135 million in North Carolina, and 16,670/415/$102 million in Massachusetts over 12 months. At the national level, 10% adoption reduced total infections/deaths/direct healthcare costs by 686,722/17,748/$4.41 billion. CONCLUSION At-home, antiviral treatment with RD-X19 or other interventions with similar efficacy that decrease both symptomatic days and transmission probabilities can be used in concert with vaccines to reduce COVID-19 cases, deaths, and direct healthcare costs.
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Terrosi C, Anichini G, Docquier JD, Gori Savellini G, Gandolfo C, Pavone FS, Cusi MG. Efficient Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and Other RNA or DNA Viruses with Blue LED Light. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121590. [PMID: 34959545 PMCID: PMC8708627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue LED light has proven to have a powerful bacteria-killing ability; however, little is known about its mechanism of virucidal activity. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of blue light on different respiratory viruses, such as adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2. The exposure of samples to a blue LED light with a wavelength of 420 nm (i.e., in the visible range) at 20 mW/cm2 of irradiance for 15 min appeared optimal and resulted in the complete inactivation of the viral load. These results were similar for all the three viruses, demonstrating that both enveloped and naked viruses could be efficiently inactivated with blue LED light, regardless of the presence of envelope and of the viral genome nature (DNA or RNA). Moreover, we provided some explanations to the mechanisms by which the blue LED light could exert its antiviral activity. The development of such safe and low-cost light-based devices appears to be of fundamental utility for limiting viral spread and for sanitizing small environments, objects and surfaces, especially in the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Terrosi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Gabriele Anichini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Jean Denis Docquier
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Gianni Gori Savellini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Claudia Gandolfo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Francesco Saverio Pavone
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, European Laboratory for Non Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Cusi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (C.T.); (G.A.); (J.D.D.); (G.G.S.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-233871; Fax: +39-0577-233870
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The effect of a geometric-shaped tool with blue led light on the activation of human dermal fibroblasts and cancer cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Cotter EJ, Cotter LM, Franczek EB, Godfrey JJ, Hetzel SJ, Safdar N, Dai T, Arkin L, Grogan BF. Efficacy of combinational therapy using blue light and benzoyl peroxide in reducing Cutibacterium acnes bioburden at the deltopectoral interval: a randomized controlled trial. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2021; 30:2671-2681. [PMID: 34478863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of blue light therapy (BLT) and 5% topical benzoyl peroxide (BPO) gel in combination with standard chlorhexidine (CHX) preparation in eradicating Cutibacterium acnes at the deltopectoral interval measured by positive, quantitative culture findings. METHODS Adult male volunteers were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: BPO, BLT, and BPO followed by BLT. Contralateral shoulders served as matched controls. Volunteers randomized to BPO applied the gel for a total of 5 treatments. In the BLT group, a single 23-minute treatment was administered at an estimated irradiance of 40 mW/cm2 (radiant exposure, 55.2 J/cm2). In the BPO-BLT group, volunteers received both treatments as described earlier. After treatment with either BPO, BLT, or both, a single swab culture was taken from the treatment shoulder. Next, control and treatment shoulders were prepared with CHX, and cultures were taken from each shoulder. Cultures were sent for anaerobic quantitative growth analysis with both polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing confirmation of presumptive C acnes colonies. RESULTS This study enrolled 60 male volunteers, 20 per group, with no loss to follow-up. After treatment but prior to CHX administration, all culture samples in the BPO group and BLT group grew C acnes. Prior to CHX, 16 samples (80%) in the BPO-BLT group grew C acnes. On quantitative analysis, the BPO group and BPO-BLT group had significantly less growth of C acnes compared with the BLT group after treatment but prior to CHX (P < .05 for each). Following CHX administration, the BPO and BPO-BLT groups had significantly fewer positive culture findings (odds ratios of 0.03 and 0.29, respectively) and less quantity of growth compared with their control arms (P < .05). This was not seen in the BLT group. For quantitative between-group analysis, no significant synergistic effects were seen with BPO-BLT compared with BPO alone (P = .688). There was no difference in side effects between groups. CONCLUSION The combination of topical BPO and CHX was effective at eliminating C acnes in most cases. BLT alone did not demonstrate effective antimicrobial properties against C acnes at the radiant exposure administered in this study. Combining BPO and BLT did not lead to significant synergistic antimicrobial effects. Both BPO and BLT are safe with few, transient side effects reported. More work is needed to determine whether BLT at higher radiant exposures or serial treatment results in bactericidal effects against C acnes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Cotter
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Lisa M Cotter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elliot B Franczek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jared J Godfrey
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Scott J Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasia Safdar
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medicine School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa Arkin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Grogan
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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Wang D, Kuzma ML, Tan X, He TC, Dong C, Liu Z, Yang J. Phototherapy and optical waveguides for the treatment of infection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 179:114036. [PMID: 34740763 PMCID: PMC8665112 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant microbes, it is imperative to seek alternative means for infection control. Optical waveguides are an auspicious delivery method for precise administration of phototherapy. Studies have shown that phototherapy is promising in fighting against a myriad of infectious pathogens (i.e. viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) including biofilm-forming species and drug-resistant strains while evading treatment resistance. When administered via optical waveguides, phototherapy can treat both superficial and deep-tissue infections while minimizing off-site effects that afflict conventional phototherapy and pharmacotherapy. Despite great therapeutic potential, exact mechanisms, materials, and fabrication designs to optimize this promising treatment option are underexplored. This review outlines principles and applications of phototherapy and optical waveguides for infection control. Research advances, challenges, and outlook regarding this delivery system are rigorously discussed in a hope to inspire future developments of optical waveguide-mediated phototherapy for the management of infection and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingbowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michelle Laurel Kuzma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Academy of Orthopedics, Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510280, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Zhiwen Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Alsanius BW, Vaas L, Gharaie S, Karlsson ME, Rosberg AK, Wohanka W, Khalil S, Windstam S. Dining in Blue Light Impairs the Appetite of Some Leaf Epiphytes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:725021. [PMID: 34733247 PMCID: PMC8558677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.725021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The phyllosphere is subjected to fluctuating abiotic conditions. This study examined the phenotypic plasticity (PP) of four selected non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria [control strain: Pseudomonas sp. DR 5-09; Pseudomonas agarici, Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israeliensis (Bti), and Streptomyces griseoviridis (SG)] regarding their respiration patterns and surfactant activity as affected by light spectrum and nutrient supply. Methods: The PP of the strains was examined under four light regimes [darkness (control); monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LED) at 460 nm (blue) and 660 nm (red); continuously polychromatic white LEDs], in the presence of 379 substrates and conditions. Results: Light treatment affected the studied bacterial strains regarding substrate utilization (Pseudomonas strains > SG > Bti). Blue LEDs provoked the most pronounced impact on the phenotypic reaction norms of the Pseudomonas strains and Bti. The two Gram-positive strains Bti and SG, respectively, revealed inconsistent biosurfactant formation in all cases. Biosurfactant formation by both Pseudomonas strains was supported by most substrates incubated in darkness, and blue LED exposure altered the surface activity profoundly. Blue and white LEDs enhanced biofilm formation in PA in highly utilized C-sources. Putative blue light receptor proteins were found in both Pseudomonas strains, showing 91% similarity with the sequence from NCBI accession number WP_064119393. Conclusion: Light quality–nutrient interactions affect biosurfactant activity and biofilm formation of some non-phototrophic phyllosphere bacteria and are, thus, crucial for dynamics of the phyllosphere microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix W Alsanius
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Lea Vaas
- Fraunhofer IME, Computational Biology, Screening Port, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samareh Gharaie
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Maria E Karlsson
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Anna Karin Rosberg
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Walter Wohanka
- Department of Phytomedicine, Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Sammar Khalil
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Sofia Windstam
- Microbial Horticulture Unit, Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Bioluminescence and Photoreception in Unicellular Organisms: Light-Signalling in a Bio-Communication Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111311. [PMID: 34768741 PMCID: PMC8582858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the emission of light catalysed by luciferases, has evolved in many taxa from bacteria to vertebrates and is predominant in the marine environment. It is now well established that in animals possessing a nervous system capable of integrating light stimuli, bioluminescence triggers various behavioural responses and plays a role in intra- or interspecific visual communication. The function of light emission in unicellular organisms is less clear and it is currently thought that it has evolved in an ecological framework, to be perceived by visual animals. For example, while it is thought that bioluminescence allows bacteria to be ingested by zooplankton or fish, providing them with favourable conditions for growth and dispersal, the luminous flashes emitted by dinoflagellates may have evolved as an anti-predation system against copepods. In this short review, we re-examine this paradigm in light of recent findings in microorganism photoreception, signal integration and complex behaviours. Numerous studies show that on the one hand, bacteria and protists, whether autotrophs or heterotrophs, possess a variety of photoreceptors capable of perceiving and integrating light stimuli of different wavelengths. Single-cell light-perception produces responses ranging from phototaxis to more complex behaviours. On the other hand, there is growing evidence that unicellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes can perform complex tasks ranging from habituation and decision-making to associative learning, despite lacking a nervous system. Here, we focus our analysis on two taxa, bacteria and dinoflagellates, whose bioluminescence is well studied. We propose the hypothesis that similar to visual animals, the interplay between light-emission and reception could play multiple roles in intra- and interspecific communication and participate in complex behaviour in the unicellular world.
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Rathnasinghe R, Jangra S, Miorin L, Schotsaert M, Yahnke C, Garcίa-Sastre A. The virucidal effects of 405 nm visible light on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19470. [PMID: 34593848 PMCID: PMC8484654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The germicidal potential of specific wavelengths within the electromagnetic spectrum is an area of growing interest. While ultra-violet (UV) based technologies have shown satisfactory virucidal potential, the photo-toxicity in humans coupled with UV associated polymer degradation limit their use in occupied spaces. Alternatively, longer wavelengths with less irradiation energy such as visible light (405 nm) have largely been explored in the context of bactericidal and fungicidal applications. Such studies indicated that 405 nm mediated inactivation is caused by the absorbance of porphyrins within the organism creating reactive oxygen species which result in free radical damage to its DNA and disruption of cellular functions. The virucidal potential of visible-light based technologies has been largely unexplored and speculated to be ineffective given the lack of porphyrins in viruses. The current study demonstrated increased susceptibility of lipid-enveloped respiratory pathogens of importance such as SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of COVID-19) and influenza A virus to 405 nm, visible light in the absence of exogenous photosensitizers thereby indicating a potential alternative porphyrin-independent mechanism of visible light mediated viral inactivation. These results were obtained using less than expected irradiance levels which are considered safe for humans and commercially achievable. Our results support further exploration of the use of visible light technology for the application of continuous decontamination in occupied areas within hospitals and/or infectious disease laboratories, specifically for the inactivation of respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveen Rathnasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Adolfo Garcίa-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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48
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Van Genechten W, Van Dijck P, Demuyser L. Fluorescent toys 'n' tools lighting the way in fungal research. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:fuab013. [PMID: 33595628 PMCID: PMC8498796 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although largely overlooked compared to bacterial infections, fungal infections pose a significant threat to the health of humans and other organisms. Many pathogenic fungi, especially Candida species, are extremely versatile and flexible in adapting to various host niches and stressful situations. This leads to high pathogenicity and increasing resistance to existing drugs. Due to the high level of conservation between fungi and mammalian cells, it is hard to find fungus-specific drug targets for novel therapy development. In this respect, it is vital to understand how these fungi function on a molecular, cellular as well as organismal level. Fluorescence imaging allows for detailed analysis of molecular mechanisms, cellular structures and interactions on different levels. In this manuscript, we provide researchers with an elaborate and contemporary overview of fluorescence techniques that can be used to study fungal pathogens. We focus on the available fluorescent labelling techniques and guide our readers through the different relevant applications of fluorescent imaging, from subcellular events to multispecies interactions and diagnostics. As well as cautioning researchers for potential challenges and obstacles, we offer hands-on tips and tricks for efficient experimentation and share our expert-view on future developments and possible improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Van Genechten
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200g, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-heverlee, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium
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49
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Soni A, Samuelsson LM, Loveday SM, Gupta TB. Applications of novel processing technologies to enhance the safety and bioactivity of milk. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4652-4677. [PMID: 34427048 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in food can have high impacts on human health, such as antioxidant, antithrombotic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, many of them are sensitive to thermal treatments incurred during processing, which can reduce their availability and activity. Milk, including ovine, caprine, bovine, and human is a rich source of bioactive compounds, including immunoglobulins, vitamins, and amino acids. However, processing by various novel thermal and non-thermal technologies has different levels of impacts on these compounds, according to the studies reported in the literature, predominantly in the last 10 years. The reported effect of these technologies either covers microbial inactivation or the bioactive composition; however, there is a lack of comprehensive compilation of studies that compare the effect of these technologies on bioactive compounds in milk (especially, caprine and ovine) to microbial inactivation at similar settings. This research gap makes it challenging to conclude on the specific processing parameters that could be optimized to achieve targets of microbial safety and nutritional quality at the same time. This review covers the effect of a wide range of thermal and non-thermal processing technologies including high-pressure processing, pressure-assisted thermal sterilization, pulsed-electric field treatment, cold plasma, microwave-assisted thermal sterilization, ultra-high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, irradiation on the bioactive compounds as well as on microbial inactivation in milk. Although a combination of more than one technology could improve the reduction of bacterial contaminants to meet the required food safety standards and retain bioactive compounds, there is still scope for research on these hurdle approaches to simultaneously achieve food safety and bioactivity targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Food System Integrity, Consumer Food Interface, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Linda M Samuelsson
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Simon M Loveday
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Tanushree B Gupta
- Food System Integrity, Consumer Food Interface, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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50
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Hu X, Zhang X, Luo S, Wu J, Sun X, Liu M, Wang X, Wang X. Enhanced Sensitivity of Salmonella to Antimicrobial Blue Light Caused by Inactivating rfaC Gene Involved in Lipopolysaccharide Biosynthesis. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:599-606. [PMID: 34403268 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a global foodborne pathogen that causes human diseases ranging from mild gastroenteritis to severe systemic infections. Recently, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) showed effective bactericidal activity against a variety of bacteria (e.g., Salmonella) with varying efficiency. However, the antimicrobial mechanism of aBL has not been fully elucidated. Our previous report showed that the outer membrane (OM) is a key target of aBL. The major component of the OM, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), may play a role in aBL bactericidal effect. Therefore, the influence of LPS truncation on the sensitivity of Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344 to aBL was investigated for the first time. First, the rfaC gene in the SL1344 strain likely involved in linking lipid A to the core region of LPS was inactivated and the influence on LPS structure was verified in the mutant strain SL1344ΔrfaC. SL1344ΔrfaC showed a significant increase in sensitivity to aBL, and the bactericidal efficiency exceeded 8 log CFU at an aBL dose of 383 J/cm2, while that of its parental SL1344 strain approached 4 log CFU. To discover the possible mechanism of higher sensitivity, the permeability of OM was determined. Compared to SL1344, SL1344ΔrfaC showed 2.7-fold higher permeability of the OM at 20 J/cm2, this may explain the higher vulnerability of the OM to aBL. Furthermore, the fatty acid profile was analyzed to reveal the detailed changes in the OM and inner membrane of the mutant. Results showed that the membrane lipids of SL1344ΔrfaC were markedly different to SL1344, indicating that change in fatty acid profile might mediate the enhancement of OM permeability and the increased sensitivity to aBL in SL1344ΔrfaC. Hence, we concluded that disruption of rfaC in Salmonella Typhimurium led to the formation of truncated LPS and thus enhanced the permeability of the OM, which contributed to the increased sensitivity to aBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuanghua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Minmin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, China
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