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Vanizor Kural B, Azi Mohamed S, Kör S, Arıkan Malkoç M, Yuluğ E, Hajizadeh Tekmeh H, Örem A. Caution may be required in using l-theanine in diabetes mellitus: A study on the rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 666:170-178. [PMID: 37199135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.04.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to identify the effects of l-theanine on kidney and heart tissues in diabetic rats. 24 male rats included in the study were divided into 4 groups (n = 6/group): SHAM, LTEA, DM and DM + LTEA. For 28 days, drinking water was given to SHAM and DM, and LTEA (200 mg/kg/day) to LTEA and DM + LTEA groups, intragastrically. DM was induced by 120 mg/kg nicotinamide (NA) + 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). The levels of cystatin C (CysC) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) were determined by ELISA kits, homocysteine, electrolytes and iron by an autoanalyzer, the ratio of oxidized/total reduced glutathione (GSSG/TGSH) by assay kits. The tissues were histopathologically analyzed. RESULTS LTEA alleviated histopathological degenerations. However, it decreased significantly serum iron and homocysteine levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION LTEA did not exhibit significant protective effects on kidney and heart tissues; it may have affected the homocysteine and iron metabolisms in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgül Vanizor Kural
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye.
| | - Sabrina Azi Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Sevil Kör
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Meltem Arıkan Malkoç
- Vocational School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Esin Yuluğ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Hamed Hajizadeh Tekmeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
| | - Asım Örem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkiye
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Dekamin A, Wahab MIM, Keshavjee K, Guergachi A. High cardiovascular disease risk-associated with the incidence of Type 2 diabetes among prediabetics. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 106:56-62. [PMID: 36156254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We report on the first cohort study of the association between high cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk with the incidence of T2D in prediabetics. First, estimate the direct effect of developing T2D on patients with prediabetes who have high CVDs risk; and 2) assess the potential increased risk of developing T2D mediated by statins. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using a subset of data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) from 2000 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards (PH) regressions were conducted to estimate our primary outcome, which is the time to T2D among patients with prediabetes. RESULTS From the 4995 filtered prediabetic participants identified between 2000 and 2015, 2800 participants were diagnosed with high CVDs risk scores as measured by the Framingham risk score. 2195 participants were non-high CVDs risk controls. The covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-1.31] for T2D by CVDs risk among prediabetics was observed. The total effect of CVDs risk on developing T2D was decomposed to a natural direct effect of high CVDs risk HR= 1.18 [95% CI, 1.01-1.48] and an indirect effect through statin therapy of HR= 1.06 [95% CI, 0.97-1.30]. CONCLUSION Patients with prediabetes and high CVDs risk had a 24% higher chance of developing T2D. The high CVDs risk effect was mediated by statin therapy. Regular monitoring and counselling of prediabetics using statins is likely warranted to prevent the incidence of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Dekamin
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto ON M5B 2K3, Canada.
| | - M I M Wahab
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Karim Keshavjee
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Aziz Guergachi
- Ted Rogers, School of Information Technology Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto ON M5B 2K3, Canada; Ted Rogers, School of Management, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto ON M5B 2K3, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, N520 Ross, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada; Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences, 222 College St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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3
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Liu HH, Cao YX, Jin JL, Guo YL, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Xu RX, Dong Q, Li JJ. Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients with chronic coronary syndrome and normal left ventricular systolic function according to glucose status: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:84. [PMID: 33888145 PMCID: PMC8063320 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with different glucose status has not been established. This study sought to evaluate the significance of NT-proBNP in predicting major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) and normal left-ventricular systolic function (LVSF) according to different glucose status, especially in those with abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods
A total of 8062 patients with CCS and normal LVSF were consecutively enrolled in this prospective study. Baseline plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured. The follow-up data of all patients were collected. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess the risk of MACEs according to NT-proBNP tertiles stratified by glucose status. Results Over an average follow-up of 59.13 ± 18.23 months, 569 patients (7.1 %) suffered from MACEs, including cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high NT-proBNP levels had a significant association with MACEs in subjects with prediabetes mellitus (pre-DM) or DM, but not in patients with normoglycemia. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that NT-proBNP remained an independent predictor of MACEs in patients with pre-DM [hazard ratio (HR): 2.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.34–4.91] or DM (HR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.32–4.16). Moreover, adding NT-proBNP to the original Cox model including traditional risk factors significantly increased the C-statistic by 0.035 in pre-DM and DM, respectively. Conclusions The present study indicated that NT-proBNP could well predict worse outcomes in dysglycemic patients with CCS and normal LVSF, suggesting that NT-proBNP may help with risk stratification in this population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-021-01271-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Xia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 167 BeiLiShi Road, XiCheng District, 100037, Beijing, China.
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Use of a K-nearest neighbors model to predict the development of type 2 diabetes within 2 years in an obese, hypertensive population. Med Biol Eng Comput 2020; 58:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-020-02132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zheng J, Xu J, Zhang Y, Zhou N. Effects of insulin combined with metformin on serum cystatin C, homocysteine and maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:467-472. [PMID: 31853319 PMCID: PMC6909788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of insulin combined with metformin on serum cystatin C (Cys C), homocysteine (Hcy) and maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were investigated. In total, 80 cases of pregnant women diagnosed with GDM in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Liaocheng Third People's Hospital from July 2015 to July 2017 were selected and divided into a study group (42 cases) and a control group (38 cases). The study group was treated with insulin combined with metformin, and the control group was treated with insulin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and postprandial blood glucose after 2 h (2hPG) of the two groups were compared before and after treatment. Levels of serum Cys C, Hcy, urinary protein (UmAlb), postpartum maternal outcomes and adverse reactions during pregnancy were compared in the two groups before and after treatment. After treatment, the level of FBG and 2hPG in the control group was higher than that in the treatment group (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of serum Cys C and Hcy in both groups were lower than that before the treatment, and the level in the study group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total incidence of neonatal adverse outcomes and the number of adverse pregnancies in GDM patients in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in adverse reactions during pregnancy between the two groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, insulin combined with metformin is more effective than insulin alone in reducing serum Cys C and Hcy levels, with significant effect on the improvement of maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizeng Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277500, P.R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng Third People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Health Care, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, P.R. China
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Sahebkar A, Simental-Mendía LE, Pirro M, Montecucco F, Carbone F, Banach M, Barreto GE, Butler AE. Impact of fibrates on circulating cystatin C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Med 2018; 50:485-493. [PMID: 29957074 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1495338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess the effect of fibrates on circulating cystatin C levels. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical studies evaluating the effect of a fibrate on circulating cystatin C levels were searched in PubMed-Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. A random-effect model and generic inverse variance method were used for quantitative data synthesis, sensitivity analysis conducted using the leave-one-out method, and weighted random-effects meta-regression performed to evaluate potential confounders on cystatin C levels. RESULTS This meta-analysis of data from nine published studies (16 treatment arms) involved a total of 2195 subjects. In a single-arm analysis of clinical trials (without control group; eight studies comprising 14 treatment arms), fibrate therapy increased circulating cystatin C concentrations (WMD: 0.07 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.10, p < .001; I2 = 82.66%). When the analysis was restricted to randomized controlled trials (four studies comprising six treatment arms), again elevation of circulating cystatin C levels was observed (WMD: 0.06 mg/L, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.09, p < .001; I2 = 42.98%). Elevated cystatin C levels were only seen with fenofibrate and not with other fibrates. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that fenofibrate treatment adversely affects cystatin C levels and might partially explain the limited efficacy of fenofibrate in reducing cardiovascular events. Key message Fenofibrate treatment adversely affects cystatin C levels and might partially explain the limited efficacy of fenofibrate in reducing cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar
- a Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,b Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center , Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran.,c School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | | | - Matteo Pirro
- e Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine , University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- f First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy.,g Ospedale Policlinico San Martino , Genoa , Italy.,h Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Federico Carbone
- f First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- i Department of Hypertension , WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland.,j Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI) , Lodz , Poland
| | - George E Barreto
- k Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias , Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá D.C. , Colombia.,l Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas , Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- m Anti-Doping Laboratory Qatar , Life Sciences & Research Division , Doha , Qatar
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