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Guan H, Wang Y, Niu P, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Miao R, Fang X, Yin R, Zhao S, Liu J, Tian J. The role of machine learning in advancing diabetic foot: a review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1325434. [PMID: 38742201 PMCID: PMC11089132 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1325434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic foot complications impose a significant strain on healthcare systems worldwide, acting as a principal cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with diabetes mellitus. While traditional methods in diagnosing and treating these conditions have faced limitations, the emergence of Machine Learning (ML) technologies heralds a new era, offering the promise of revolutionizing diabetic foot care through enhanced precision and tailored treatment strategies. Objective This review aims to explore the transformative impact of ML on managing diabetic foot complications, highlighting its potential to advance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic approaches by leveraging developments in medical imaging, biomarker detection, and clinical biomechanics. Methods A meticulous literature search was executed across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to identify pertinent articles published up to March 2024. The search strategy was carefully crafted, employing a combination of keywords such as "Machine Learning," "Diabetic Foot," "Diabetic Foot Ulcers," "Diabetic Foot Care," "Artificial Intelligence," and "Predictive Modeling." This review offers an in-depth analysis of the foundational principles and algorithms that constitute ML, placing a special emphasis on their relevance to the medical sciences, particularly within the specialized domain of diabetic foot pathology. Through the incorporation of illustrative case studies and schematic diagrams, the review endeavors to elucidate the intricate computational methodologies involved. Results ML has proven to be invaluable in deriving critical insights from complex datasets, enhancing both the diagnostic precision and therapeutic planning for diabetic foot management. This review highlights the efficacy of ML in clinical decision-making, underscored by comparative analyses of ML algorithms in prognostic assessments and diagnostic applications within diabetic foot care. Conclusion The review culminates in a prospective assessment of the trajectory of ML applications in the realm of diabetic foot care. We believe that despite challenges such as computational limitations and ethical considerations, ML remains at the forefront of revolutionizing treatment paradigms for the management of diabetic foot complications that are globally applicable and precision-oriented. This technological evolution heralds unprecedented possibilities for treatment and opportunities for enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Guan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ping Niu
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Runyu Miao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Yin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxing Tian
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Untari EK, Andayani TM, Yasin NM, Asdie RH. A Review of Patient's Knowledge and Practice of Diabetic Foot Self-Care. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:33-50. [PMID: 38456109 PMCID: PMC10917598 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are common among diabetes patients, it is essential to increase patients' knowledge and self-care practices to ensure early recognition and management and reduce amputation risk. Therefore, the goal of this review was to identify the range and level of knowledge of people with DFUs and the type of self-care they undertake. A literature review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and Google scholar with 'diabetic foot', 'self-care', 'practice' and 'behaviour' as searching keywords. The identification and selection process were conducted to sort the eligible papers through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The criteria are the original papers describing knowledge and practice in DFU; reporting knowledge and practice in their non-intervention studies; writing in English language; and publishing between years 2016 and 2022. The eligible papers were assessed using the strength of reporting observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) checklist for appraising their quality. Twenty-two papers of 2,073 titles met the inclusion criteria and included in the review. The lowest and the highest quality score of included papers based on STROBE checklist are 11 and 26, respectively. The included papers showed various levels of knowledge from good to poor, which prominent the highest percentage are 88% (good knowledge) and 84.8% (poor knowledge). The majority of the foot-care activities found in the reviewed papers involved the following steps: washing, drying, applying moisturiser and trimming nails routinely. Those activity should be followed by checking the feet with a mirror for ulcers, looking for ingrown nails, choosing appropriate footwear, not walking barefoot and routinely consulting a healthcare provider. The knowledge levels were found variable and acceptable. Daily foot care, choosing the right footwear, foot activity and regular health checks should all be used to manage diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eka Kartika Untari
- Doctoral Graduate Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Pharmacy Department, Medical Faculty of Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia
| | - Tri Murti Andayani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Rizka Humardewayanti Asdie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Laitinen AM, Pasanen M, Wasenius E, Stolt M. Foot self-care competence reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional study. J Foot Ankle Res 2022; 15:93. [PMID: 36527154 PMCID: PMC9758871 DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot self-care is important for preventing foot problems and maintaining one's foot health. Foot self-care requires competence to identify foot problems, knowledge and skills to care for those problems, and a willing attitude to care for one's foot health. However, there is major gap in the research evidence of foot self-care competence among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to analyse self-reported levels of competence in foot self-care among patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS A cross-sectional study design was used. Data were collected using a survey consisting of a self-reported competence in foot self-care competence scale (response options on 5-point Likert scale, higher values indicate higher competence) and background questions. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics and the psychometric properties of the scale using Rasch analysis. RESULTS The participants' (n = 251) self-reported level of competence in foot self-care was moderate (mean 3.50, standard deviation [SD], 0.66). On the sum variable level, the highest mean score was for attitude towards foot self-care (3.98; SD, 0.69), followed by foot self-care knowledge (3.45; SD, 0.67) and experience providing foot self-care (3.38; SD, 0.69). Higher self-reported foot self-care knowledge and female sex were associated with higher self-reported competence in every sum variable. CONCLUSIONS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis evaluated their level of competence in foot self-care as moderate and some deficiencies were identified. These results indicate the importance of educating patients with rheumatoid arthritis about how to advance their foot self-care skills and knowledge. In the future, patients with rheumatoid arthritis could benefit from interventions that increase their knowledge of foot self-care together with practical examples, such as online videos, that demonstrate the practical conduct of foot self-care skills in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Laitinen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, 20014 Finland ,grid.410552.70000 0004 0628 215XTurku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Miko Pasanen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, 20014 Finland
| | - Elina Wasenius
- grid.425628.f0000 0001 1913 4955Podiatry, Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Stolt
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, 20014 Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490Department of Nursing Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Diabetic foot care knowledge and practice in type 2 diabetes and relation to microvascular complications in Alexandria (Egypt). Endocr Regul 2022; 56:95-103. [PMID: 35489046 DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Egypt occupies the 8th rank in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide. The social and financial burden of diabetes and its complications represents a major health problem in Egypt. Diabetic foot and its consequences (ulcers and amputation) are preventable through good education for both physicians and patients. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with type 2 diabetes attending diabetes outpatient clinic in Alexandria main university hospital (AMUH). Patients were subjected to history taking, physical examination, and laboratory investigations. Screening for peripheral neuropathy was done using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI). A pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess the diabetic foot care knowledge and practice in participants. Results. Only 25% and 24% of participants had good diabetic foot care knowledge and practice, respectively. There was a highly significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice in studied group (p<0.001). The presence of microvascular complications leads to a significantly higher knowledge, but not practice. Conclusions. Diabetic foot care knowledge and practice are poor in our community. Foot care knowledge, unlike practice, is increased with the presence of microvascular complications. We should develop effective educational programs for patients and physicians to increase knowledge and practice before the development of complications.
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Abdelbagi OM, Musa IR, Altigani SA, Osman A, Adam I. Prevalence of diabetic foot amongst adults with diabetes mellitus in northern Sudan: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14892. [PMID: 34541736 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors for diabetic foot (DF) amongst patients with diabetes Mellites (DM) in Nahr an Nil State (River Nile State), Sudan. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study between May and August 2018. DM patients were examined for DF, and clinical data were collected through a questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 2048 DM patients were enrolled in the study. Their median (interquartile range) age was 58 (15) years. Over half (54.2%) of the patients were female. The median (interquartile range) of the duration of diabetes was 5 (6) years. In this sample, 70.1% of the patients had type 2 DM and 47.6% had hypertension as well. Of all enrolled patients, 21.2% had normal weight, 1.2% were underweight, 37.2% were overweight and 40.4% were obese. Two hundred and sixty (12.7%) patients had DF. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18-1.24] and duration of DM (AOR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14) were positively associated with DF. Moreover, type 2 DM (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17-2.68), family history of DM (AOR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.07-2.09), hypertension (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI: 2.07-4.16) and obesity (AOR = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.70-4.81) were associated with DF. There was no significant association between DF and gender or overweight status. CONCLUSION This study found a high prevalence of DF. Older age, type 2 DM, duration of DM, family history of DM and hypertension are associated with DF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer M Abdelbagi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad R Musa
- Department of Medicine, Royal Commission Hospital in Al Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim A Altigani
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Barbar, Sudan
| | - Abdelrhaman Osman
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Barbar, Sudan
| | - Ishag Adam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Aalaa M, Amini M, Yarmohammadi H, Aghaei Meybodi HR, Qorbani M, Adibi H, Razi F, Mehrdad N, Sanjari M. Diabetic foot self-care practice in women with diabetes in Iran. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102225. [PMID: 34340049 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The present study was conducted to determine the situation of foot self-care practice among Iranian women with diabetes. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 475 women completed the Diabetic Foot Self-Care Questionnaire (DFSQ) along with other questions. The overall and three components scores including personal care, podiatric care, and foot wearing, were calculated and their relationship with other factors was analyzed. RESULTS The average total DFSQ score was 60.38 ± 9.9, and 16.98 ± 7, 5.95 ± 2.11, and 12.26 ± 3.95 for personal care, podiatric care, and footwear respectively. Education level, self-reported health status, and life satisfaction had a significant relationship with footwear score, and smoking and life satisfaction were related to personal care and podiatric care respectively. In Pearson regression, DM self-care was correlated with all three components and total DFSQ score. Also, depression and SCS (Social Capital Status) correlated with DFSQ scores except with personal self-care and footwear respectively. Body Mass Index (BMI) and Quality of Life (QoL) were significantly correlated with footwear and podiatric care scores. CONCLUSION In this study, the DFSQ result was almost acceptable, however, it highlights the importance of suitable interventions to establish better self-care practice among Iranian diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Aalaa
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Educational Research in Medical Sciences (CERMS), Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Amini
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Yarmohammadi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Medical Students Research Committee, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Reza Aghaei Meybodi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hossien Adibi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faride Razi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Mehrdad
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nursing Care Research Center (NCRC), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Sanjari
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Elkhider ATE, Almobark AO, Badi S, Tahir H, Ramadan A, Khalil AA, Elshaikh E, Ahmed MH. Risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation in Sudanese individuals with diabetes: The need for improvement in primary health care system. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:985-990. [PMID: 34041109 PMCID: PMC8138363 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1881_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lower extremity amputation (LEA) in individuals with diabetes is a serious health issue with a considerable physical and social burden. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors associated with LEA in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional health facility-based study that recruited 315 diabetes individuals with foot ulcers from the diabetes center in Khartoum, Sudan. Direct interviewing of subjects was used to obtain data, using a standardized validated questionnaire. Chi-square and logistic regression analysis were used in data analysis. Results: 69.5% of the diabetic participants were aged 50 years old or more, and 71.1% were males. Most of the subjects (48.2%) were diabetics for a duration of >10 years, while more than one third (37.5%) of them were diabetic for 5–10 years. The majority (89.5%) had type 2 DM, while only 10.5% were type 1 DM. Two hundred forty-five patients had a left lower foot ulcer; 55.1% of the patients' ulcers were present in the toes, while 21.6% were in the foot sole. The overall prevalence of lower limb amputation was 17.1%. Individuals with diabetes patients with LEA had a higher incidence of hypertension (P = 0.000), retinopathy (P = 0.000), nephropathy (P = 0.002), ulcer size >2.5 cm (P = 0.000), and neuropathy (P = 0.000) through Chi-square analysis. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed that amputation was significantly associated with retinopathy (P = 0.000), size of ulcer (P = 0.000), and neuropathy (P = 0.016). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of LEA was 17.1%. The primary risks factors associated with amputation were presence of neuropathy and ulcer size >2.5 cm. Presence of retinopathy predispose diabetic individuals to amputation. Amputation is associated with disability and psychological problems; therefore, there is an urgent need for more improvement in preventative measures and primary health care system in low resource setting country like Sudan in order to decrease diabetes complications, especially patient's education about diabetes management by primary care physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Tag E Elkhider
- Public and Tropical Health Program, Graduate College, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ahmed O Almobark
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, P. O. Box 12810, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Safaa Badi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hanan Tahir
- Public and Tropical Health Program, Graduate College, University of Medical Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Azza Ramadan
- College of Pharmacy, Al-Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abbas A Khalil
- Department of Medicine, Arrowe Park Hospital, Arrowe Park Rd, Upton, Birkenhead, Wirral, UK
| | - Elamin Elshaikh
- Department of General Surgery, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Mohamed H Ahmed
- Department of Medicine and HIV Metabolic Clinic, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Eagelstone, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, UK
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Godman B, Basu D, Pillay Y, Almeida PHRF, Mwita JC, Rwegerera GM, Anand Paramadhas BD, Tiroyakgosi C, Patrick O, Niba LL, Sefah I, Oluka M, Guantai AN, Kibuule D, Kalemeera F, Mubita M, Fadare J, Ogunleye OO, Rampamba EM, Wing J, Mueller D, Alfadl A, Amu AA, Matsebula Z, Kalungia AC, Zaranyika T, Masuka N, Wale J, Hill R, Kurdi A, Timoney A, Campbell S, Meyer JC. Ongoing and planned activities to improve the management of patients with Type 1 diabetes across Africa; implications for the future. Hosp Pract (1995) 2020; 48:51-67. [PMID: 32196395 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1745509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently about 19 million people in Africa are known to be living with diabetes, mainly Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (95%), estimated to grow to 47 million people by 2045. However, there are concerns with early diagnosis of patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) as often patients present late with complications. There are also challenges with access and affordability of insulin, monitoring equipment and test strips with typically high patient co-payments, which can be catastrophic for families. These challenges negatively impact on the quality of care of patients with T1DM increasing morbidity and mortality. There are also issues of patient education and psychosocial support adversely affecting patients' quality of life. These challenges need to be debated and potential future activities discussed to improve the future care of patients with T1DM across Africa. METHODOLOGY Documentation of the current situation across Africa for patients with T1DM including the epidemiology, economics, and available treatments within public healthcare systems as well as ongoing activities to improve their future care. Subsequently, provide guidance to all key stakeholder groups going forward utilizing input from senior-level government, academic and other professionals from across Africa. RESULTS Whilst prevalence rates for T1DM are considerably lower than T2DM, there are concerns with late diagnosis as well as the routine provision of insulin and monitoring equipment across Africa. High patient co-payments exacerbate the situation. However, there are ongoing developments to address the multiple challenges including the instigation of universal health care and partnerships with non-governmental organizations, patient organizations, and pharmaceutical companies. Their impact though remains to be seen. In the meantime, a range of activities has been documented for all key stakeholder groups to improve future care. CONCLUSION There are concerns with the management of patients with T1DM across Africa. A number of activities has been suggested to address this and will be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University , Pretoria, South Africa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge , Stockholm, Sweden
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School , Liverpool, UK
| | - Debashis Basu
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and the University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yogan Pillay
- National Department of Health, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Paulo H R F Almeida
- School of Pharmacy, Postgraduate Program in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Services, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) , Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Gestão e Incorporação de Tecnologias e Inovação em Saúde, Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Insumos Estratégicos em Saúde, Ministry of Health , Brasília, Brazil
| | - Julius C Mwita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana , Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana and Department of Medicine, Princess Marina Hospital , Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bene D Anand Paramadhas
- Department of Pharmacy, Central Medical Stores, Ministry of Health and Wellness , Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Celda Tiroyakgosi
- Botswana Essential Drugs Action Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness , Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Okwen Patrick
- Effective Basic Services (Ebase) Africa , Bamenda, Africa
- Adelaide University , Adelaide, Australia
| | - Loveline Lum Niba
- Effective Basic Services (Ebase) Africa , Bamenda, Africa
- Department of Public Health, University of Bamenda , Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Israel Sefah
- Department of Pharmacy, Keta Municipal Hospital, Ghana Health Service , Keta, Ghana; Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
| | - Margaret Oluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anastasia N Guantai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Nairobi , Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Dan Kibuule
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia , Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Francis Kalemeera
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia , Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mwangana Mubita
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia , Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Joseph Fadare
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ekiti State University , Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital , Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka O Ogunleye
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Lagos State University College of Medicine , Ikeja, Nigeria
- Department of Medicine, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital , Ikeja, Nigeria
| | - Enos M Rampamba
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University , Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Health, Tshilidzini Hospital, Department of Pharmacy , Shayandima, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey Wing
- Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Debjani Mueller
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and the University of Pretoria , Pretoria, South Africa
- Charlotte Maxeke Medical Research Cluster , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Abubakr Alfadl
- National Medicines Board, Federal Ministry of Health , Khartoum, Sudan
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University , Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adefolarin A Amu
- Eswatini Medical Christian University , Swazi Plaza, Kingdom of Eswatini
| | | | | | - Trust Zaranyika
- Department Of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Nyasha Masuka
- Independent Health Systems Consultant , Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Janney Wale
- Independent Consumer Advocate , Brunswick, Australia
| | - Ruaraidh Hill
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group, Whelan Building, University of Liverpool , Liverpool, UK
| | - Amanj Kurdi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University , Erbil, Iraq
| | - Angela Timoney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow, UK
- NHS Lothian Director of Pharmacy, NHS Lothian , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester , Manchester, UK
| | - Johanna C Meyer
- Division of Public Health Pharmacy and Management, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University , Pretoria, South Africa
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Sukartini T, Theresia Dee TM, Probowati R, Arifin H. Behaviour model for diabetic ulcer prevention. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:135-143. [PMID: 32550163 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-019-00484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Diabetic ulcers are one of the complications that often occur in patients with DM. The aim is to develop a behaviour model for diabetic ulcer prevention by integrating Lawrance Green Theory and the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Methods An explanative observational design was used with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of DM patients who had underwent treatment at the internal medicine clinic of Sidoarjo District Hospital. The sample size of 133 respondents was obtained through purposive sampling. The data analysis used Partial Least Square. Results Predisposing factors (knowledge), supporting factors (availability of health facilities and accessibility of health resources) and driving factors (the role of health workers and family support) significantly influence the main factors (attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms and perceptions of self-control) with a statistical T value>1.96. The main factor influences intention (T = 48.650) and intention influences behaviour (T = 4.891). Conclusion Intention is influenced by the attitudes toward behaviour, subjective norms and self-control perceptions. Good intentions can increase the preventive behaviour related to diabetic ulcers. Increasing the diabetic ulcer prevention behaviour can be done by providing regular education to both the patients and their families about diabetic ulcers and their prevention through the appropriate management of DM, lifestyle modification and regular foot care that requires active involvement from the family and health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tintin Sukartini
- Department of Fundamental, Medical-Surgical and Critical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Ririn Probowati
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Pemkab Jombang, Jombang, Indonesia
| | - Hidayat Arifin
- Master's of Nursing Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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