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Fofie EA, Ekpor E, Akyirem S. Postpandemic fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and resilient coping among frontline health workers in Ghana: An analytical cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1608. [PMID: 37822843 PMCID: PMC10563171 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the psychological well-being of healthcare workers globally. However, little is known about the mental health state of frontline health workers in the postpandemic era. The purpose of this study was to examine postpandemic COVID-19-related psychological distress and fear among frontline health workers in Ghana. Methods Data were collected from 245 frontline healthcare workers in the Western region of Ghana. COVID-19-related fear, psychological distress, and resilient coping were assessed with the fear of COVID-19 scale, Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between psychological distress and fear of COVID-19 as well as the moderating effects of resilient coping. Results Participants were mostly female (57.1%), aged between 21 and 30 years (50.6%), and not married (58.0%). We found that 52.2% of frontline healthcare workers experienced mild-to-severe fear, while 40% experienced psychological distress. Fear of COVID-19, previous contact with COVID-19 patients, and earning a monthly income between 501 and 1000 Ghanaian cedis were significantly associated with higher psychological distress. The positive association between fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress was stronger among frontline health workers who had higher resilient coping. Conclusion There is the need to provide frontline health workers with mental health support services to promote their psychological well-being and enhance their ability to provide quality care during the postpandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel Ekpor
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
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Factors Associated with COVID-19-Related Stress among Female Primary Caregivers in Vulnerable Families in South Africa. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:377-390. [PMID: 36826212 PMCID: PMC9955265 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inequality in South Africa is deeply rooted, and COVID-19 glaringly brought inequalities between families to the forefront. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with the above average stress levels of female primary caregivers in vulnerable families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was undertaken among vulnerable families from October 2021 to February 2022. Above average scores were reported by approximately half of the respondents regarding stress from children/partners and stress related to financial issues. Fear of COVID-19, feeling depressed, COVID-19's impact on daily life, lower education levels, being in a relationship and living together, and perceiving an increase in domestic violence were statistically significantly associated with above average stress from children/partners. Age, impact of COVID-19 on daily life, being in a relationship and living with a husband/partner, and running out of food during the past 30 days were statistically significantly associated with above average stress concerning finances. These results provide new insights that can assist policy makers and practitioners in supporting low-income families during times of crisis. Support should not just focus on practical aspects, such as the provision of food, but equally importantly, on emotional support and protection for female primary caregivers and their families. Future research should delve more deeply into causes of COVID-19-related stress in vulnerable families.
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Meneguin S, Pollo CF, Melchiades EP, Ramos MSM, de Morais JF, de Oliveira C. Scale of Adherence to Good Hospital Practices for COVID-19: Psychometric Properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912025. [PMID: 36231328 PMCID: PMC9566148 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To avoid hospital transmission, all COVID-19 prevention measures should be followed. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of a novel scale developed to assess adherence to good practices for COVID-19 in the hospital setting. A methodological cross-sectional study was conducted at a public hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with 307 healthcare providers. Data were collected using a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic/occupational data and the Adherence to Standard Precautions for COVID-19 scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients and the intraclass correlation coefficients were used to measure internal consistency and temporal stability (test-retest analysis), respectively. Concurrent validity was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficients between the scores of the overall scale and its domains. Factorial structure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit of the model was tested using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the scale and its domains were higher than 0.7, except the psychosocial domain (0.61). All intraclass correlation coefficients were higher than 0.7. Strong correlations were found between the total score and the personal (0.84) and organizational (0.90) domains of the scale and a good correlation was found with the psychosocial domain (0.66). The fit of the multidimensional model was satisfactory for all parameters and the three-dimensional structure of the scale was confirmed by the fit of the factor loadings. The novel scale is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing adherence to good hospital practices for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silmara Meneguin
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernandes Pollo
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Ediana Preisler Melchiades
- Department of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School, Paulista State University, Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Fausto de Morais
- Faculty of Mathematics, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Malm EK, Oti-Boadi M, Dey NEY, Adade AE, Ocansey G. Social media use, and fear of COVID-19 among Ghanaian university students: the moderating role of gender. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:208. [PMID: 36038940 PMCID: PMC9421622 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 and its associated social restrictive measures and lockdowns exacerbated the use of social media and other technological facilities for communication. This study, therefore, examined Ghanaian students’ social media use and its relationship with fear of COVID-19, paying close attention to the moderating role of gender.
Methods A correlational online survey was used to collect data from a purposive sample of 209 University students in June and July 2020. Participants completed online measures on social media use and fear of COVID-19. Statistical analyses including independent-t test, Pearson correlation test and moderation analysis in PROCESS were conducted using SPSS v.24.
Results Findings revealed that the mean scores of social media use and fear of COVID-19 did not statistically differ by gender. However, social media use had a small and positive association with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.18, p = 0.009). Furthermore, gender was a significant moderator of the relationship between social media use and fear of COVID-19. Specifically, the increased use of social media resulted in greater experiences of fearing COVID-19 for females (B = − 0.24, p = 0.034) compared to males. Conclusion Although social media was useful in connecting with people and accessing pandemic-related information, our findings clearly suggest that overuse or over-engagement with social media was problematic, especially for females. Aside from developing interventions to reduce students’ fears of COVID-19, appropriate usage of social media should be advocated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther K Malm
- Department of Psychology, Murray State University, Murray, KY, USA
| | - Mabel Oti-Boadi
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | | | | | - Godwin Ocansey
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Lathabhavan R. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, well-being and life satisfaction: A comparative study on first and second waves of COVID-19 among college students in India. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-8. [PMID: 35637761 PMCID: PMC9132172 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the relationship of fear of COVID-19 with well-being and life satisfaction through psychological distress among the college students in India. The study was conducted in two waves of the pandemic-during first and second waves of the COVID-19 among college students. A survey was conducted among 768 and 884 students in first and second waves of COVID-19 respectively for this purpose. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. The study found out that the fear of COVID-19 positively related to psychological distress and negatively to well-being and life satisfaction and the effects were stronger in second wave. Also, the psychological distress mediates the relationship between fear of COVID-19 with well-being and life satisfaction, and the relationships were stronger during second wave. Proper coping strategies and mechanisms can be helpful to overcome the difficulties of such situation.
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Lathabhavan R. COVID-19 and Mental Health Concerns Among Business Owners: a Cross-Sectional Study from India. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-11. [PMID: 35465028 PMCID: PMC9017730 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00824-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study examines the relationship between pandemic-induced financial distress and mental health of entrepreneurs in India. A cross-sectional research design was used, and a survey was conducted among 816 small-scale entrepreneurs of diverse business entities. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data. Both economic hardship and financial threat reported significant positive relationships with depression, anxiety, and stress. Financial wellbeing was found to be negatively related with depression, anxiety, and stress. The study stands among pioneers who have investigated the mental health issues among entrepreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study provides holistic implications by recommending a collective mechanism that involves individuals, governments, and institutions, for helping small business entrepreneurs cope with the situation, avoid trauma, and have a positive mental health. Future studies can focus on longitudinal data collection to provide better accuracy and consistency.
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Wang F, Zhang L, Ding L, Wang L, Deng Y. Fear of COVID-19 Among College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Public Health 2022; 10:846894. [PMID: 35299699 PMCID: PMC8921101 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.846894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health issue among college students is routinely a major public health concern, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have exacerbated the students' mental health issues which include psychological distress, panic disorder, insomnia, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. However, few studies reached a consensus on the impact of COVID-19 fear on mental health among college students. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis that quantitatively synthesized the fear among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO electronic databases were systematically searched to identify cross-sectional study reporting the state of COVID-19 fear examined by the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) published up until November 20, 2021. Methodological quality was complied with the evaluation criteria of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The random effects model was employed to estimate the pooled mean of FCV-19S score. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were also conducted. Publication bias was assessed by Begg's test and funnel plot. Results A total of 16 studies with a sample size of 11,872 were included. A pooled mean of FCV-19S score was 17.60 [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.41–18.78]. The mean of COVID-19 fear in women (17.11, 95% CI: 16.59–17.64) was higher than that in men (15.21, 95% CI: 14.33–16.08). The highest and lowest pooled means of FCV-19S score were observed in the studies conducted in multiple countries that include Israel, Russian, and Belarus (21.55, 95% CI: 20.77–22.33) and in Europe (16.52, 95% CI: 15.26–17.77), respectively. No significant publication bias was detected by Begg's test. Conclusions College students experienced a moderate level of fear caused by COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to design and implement prevention programs that target the mental health of college students. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021287017, identifier: CRD42021287017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
| | - Yang Deng
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an, China
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Ito Y, Kako J, Kajiwara K, Kimura Y, Kakeda T, Hamanishi S, Sasaki S, Yamanaka M, Kiyohara H, Wakiguchi Y, Endo Y, Harada K, Koga Y, Ishida M, Nishida Y, Kobayashi M, Tsubaki M. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nursing students in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:40. [PMID: 36244760 PMCID: PMC9640737 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.22-00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of the prolonged coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of nursing students is unclear. This study assesses the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among nursing students in Japan during the pandemic and determines the risk factors associated with such symptoms. METHODS An online survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 16 to October 16, 2021. Participants were first- to fourth-year nursing students enrolled in undergraduate programs at the eight universities in Japan. Anxiety, depression, and insomnia were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Insomnia Severity Index-7, respectively. We calculated descriptive statistics for each measurement item and performed univariate and logistic regression analyses to evaluate the potential risk factors. RESULTS We received responses from 1,222 of 3,056 nursing students (response rate: 40.0%). After 25 participants were excluded due to missing outcome values, 1,197 students (valid response rate: 98.0%) were included in the analysis. The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia was 4.8%, 12.4%, and 18.0%, respectively. The risk of anxiety was lower among participants who did not have any relatives or friends who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 than among those who did (aOR 0.36, 95% CI 0.14-0.94). The risk of depression was higher among participants whose financial status had worsened during the pandemic than among those whose financial status had not changed (aOR 3.44; 95% CI 1.98-5.96). Common factors that increased the risk of anxiety, depression, and insomnia were life satisfaction and fear of COVID-19. CONCLUSION Mental health-related symptoms among nursing students in Japan have not necessarily worsened with the spread of COVID-19 but were exacerbated by the intensity of changes in daily living and fear, which are psychosocial effects associated with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyasu Ito
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 654-0142, Japan
| | - Jun Kako
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Japan
| | - Kohei Kajiwara
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata 811-4157, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kimura
- Department of Nursing, Meio University, Nago 905-8585, Japan
| | | | - Seiji Hamanishi
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai University of Social Welfare, Ako 678-0255, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Sasaki
- Department of Nursing Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja 719-1197, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamanaka
- School of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hana Kiyohara
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Japan
| | - Yuki Wakiguchi
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Akashi 673-8588, Japan
| | - Yoji Endo
- Faculty of Nursing, Kansai University of Social Welfare, Ako 678-0255, Japan
| | - Kimie Harada
- Faculty of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata 811-4157, Japan
| | - Yuji Koga
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701-0193, Japan
| | - Michiko Ishida
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yoko Nishida
- Faculty of Nursing, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701-0193, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Kobayashi
- Graduate of Nursing Science, St. Luke’s International University, Tokyo 104-0044, Japan
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Stankovic M, Papp L, Nyúl B, Ivánkovits L, Pető Z, Töreki A. Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of Hungarian version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261745. [PMID: 34965255 PMCID: PMC8716026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 pandemic has had a global major healthcare, social and economic impact. In present study we aim to adapt the Fear of COVID-19 Scale to Hungarian. Materials and methods Forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the scale to Hungarian. Participants were a convenience sample of 2175 university students and employees. The study was conducted between January 18th and February 12th 2021. The test battery included Hungarian versions of Fear of COVID-19 scale, short Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-H) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Results The scale showed one-factor structure, the loadings on the factor were significant and strong (from .47 to .84). Internal consistency was very good (α = .84). Construct validity for the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was supported by significant and positive correlations with STAI (r = 0.402; p < 0.001) and BDI-H (r = 0.270; p < 0.001). Conclusion The Hungarian version of Fear of COVID-19 Scale is a reliable and valid tool in assessing fear of coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Stankovic
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - László Papp
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Nyúl
- Department of Social Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Ivánkovits
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Pető
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Annamária Töreki
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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Padmanabhanunni A, Pretorius T. "I Teach, Therefore I Am": The Serial Relationship between Perceived Vulnerability to Disease, Fear of COVID-19, Teacher Identification and Teacher Satisfaction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413243. [PMID: 34948850 PMCID: PMC8701926 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In early 2020, school closures were implemented globally to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In South Africa, emergency remote teaching was not sustainable, and conventional teaching resumed in the context of the second and third waves of the pandemic, heightening fear and anxiety about infection among teachers. The pandemic necessitated shifts in the scope of a teacher’s job, potentially impacting their professional identity and job satisfaction. This study investigated the interrelationship between teaching identification, teaching satisfaction, fear of COVID-19 and perceived vulnerability to disease among a sample of South African school teachers (n = 355). A serial mediation analysis supported the hypotheses that teaching identification mediated both the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and teacher satisfaction and the association between perceived vulnerability to disease, fear of COVID-19 and teacher satisfaction. The findings suggest that teacher identification is a potential protective factor, and strengthening professional identification can potentially assist teachers as they negotiate the uncertainty and stress associated with the current pandemic.
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