1
|
Wiencek JR, Gehrie EA, Keiser AM, Szklarski PC, Johnson-Davis KL, Booth GS. Detection of Nicotine and Nicotine Metabolites in Units of Banked Blood. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 151:516-521. [PMID: 30715103 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqy176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the concentrations of nicotine and nicotine metabolites in RBC units as a means to estimate the point prevalence of exposure within the healthy donor pool. METHODS Segments from 105 RBC units were tested for the presence of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3'-hydroxycotinine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Of the 20 (19%) units that contained detectable concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, 19 (18.1%) contained concentrations consistent with the use of a nicotine-containing product within 48 hours of specimen collection. One RBC unit contained nicotine concentrations consistent with passive exposure. CONCLUSIONS Chemicals from nicotine-containing products are detectable within the US RBC supply. Further investigation is needed to determine the risks of transfusion-associated exposure to nicotine and other tobacco-associated chemicals among vulnerable patient populations such as neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joesph R Wiencek
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Eric A Gehrie
- Department of Pathology, Division of Transfusion Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amaris M Keiser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Penny C Szklarski
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kamisha L Johnson-Davis
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Palmer GM, Anderson BJ, Linscott DK, Paech MJ, Allegaert K. Tramadol, breast feeding and safety in the newborn. Arch Dis Child 2018; 103:1110-1113. [PMID: 29599166 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2017-313786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Greta M Palmer
- Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Royal Children's Hospital; University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian J Anderson
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David K Linscott
- Department of Anaesthesia, Christchurch Hospital; University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Michael J Paech
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery and Neonatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Hara K. Pharmacokinetic changes with growth and development between birth and adulthood. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jppr.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate O'Hara
- Pharmacy Department; Canberra Hospital and Health Service; Canberra Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
O'Hara K, Wright IMR, Schneider JJ, Jones AL, Martin JH. Pharmacokinetics in neonatal prescribing: evidence base, paradigms and the future. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:1281-8. [PMID: 26256466 PMCID: PMC4693494 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paediatric patients, particularly preterm neonates, present many pharmacological challenges. Due to the difficulty in conducting clinical trials in these populations dosing information is often extrapolated from adult populations. As the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs change throughout growth and development extrapolation presents risk of over or underestimating the doses required. Information about the development these processes, particularly drug metabolism pathways, is still limited with weight based dose adjustment presenting the best method of estimating pharmacokinetic changes due to growth and development. New innovations in pharmacokinetic research, such as population pharmacokinetic modelling, present unique opportunities to conduct clinical trials in these populations improving the safety and effectiveness of the drugs used. More research is required into this area to ensure the best outcomes for our most vulnerable patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate O'Hara
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle
| | - Ian M. R. Wright
- University of Wollongong and Illawarra Health & Medical Research InstituteWollongong
- University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research InstituteNewcastle
- Clinical Lead, Newborn Services, Division of PaediatricsIllawarra Shoalhaven Local Health DistrictNSW
| | | | - Alison L. Jones
- School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NewcastleNewcastle
- Executive Dean Faculty Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Wollongong, Wollongong
- Deputy DirectorIllawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongAustralia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Scientific Opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in foodstuffs. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.3978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
6
|
Olischar M, Palmer GM, Orsini F, Davidson AJ, Perkins EJ, Lee KJ, Everest NJ, Cranswick NE, Hunt RW. The addition of tramadol to the standard of i.v. acetaminophen and morphine infusion for postoperative analgesia in neonates offers no clinical benefit: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth 2014; 24:1149-57. [PMID: 25040756 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tramadol is used following neonatal cardiac and general surgery. However, its ability to opioid-spare or facilitate earlier extubation in postoperative neonates is unquantified. OBJECTIVE This randomized placebo-controlled trial aimed to assess whether tramadol's addition to standard analgesia resulted in earlier extubation or reduced analgesic/sedative requirements in postsurgical neonates. METHODS Neonates born ≥32 weeks postmenstrual age received either tramadol [T] 2 mg·kg(-1) or placebo [P] 6-hourly for up to 5 days postthoracoabdominal surgery in addition to morphine (commenced at 20 mcg·kg(-1) ·h(-1)) and 6-hourly i.v. acetaminophen. Time to extubation, morphine and midazolam amounts, hourly pain scores, and seizure activity were compared using an intention-to-treat and per-protocol analysis. RESULTS Seventy-one neonates participated. Median survival time to extubation was similar between the groups (T 67 h [95% CI 51, 84] vs P 52 h [95%CI 43, 65]; P = 0.4), and similar numbers were extubated by 96 h (T 69% vs P 77%; difference -8%, 95%CI -28, 13%). Morphine and midazolam exposure was similar, with low pain scores in both groups (mean percentage of time with a pain score >5/20 during the 5 days: T 13% vs P 11%, difference in means 2.8 [95% CI -1.8, 7.6], P = 0.20). Most participants had normal cranial ultrasounds (T 86% vs P 86%); no seizures occurred clinically or electroencephalographically. CONCLUSION Tramadol's addition to standard analgesia in this small group of postsurgical neonates did not appear to have any positive effect on time to extubation, morphine or midazolam exposure, or pain scores. This questions the benefit of tramadol for postsurgical neonates. Importantly, no seizures occurred in these ill neonates who may potentially be at greater risk of tramadol toxicity compared with adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Olischar
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC., Australia; Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salem F, Johnson TN, Barter ZE, Leeder JS, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Age Related Changes in Fractional Elimination Pathways for Drugs: Assessing the Impact of Variable Ontogeny on Metabolic Drug-Drug Interactions. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:857-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Salem
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bloor M, Paech MJ, Kaye R. Tramadol in pregnancy and lactation. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012; 21:163-7. [PMID: 22317891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tramadol produces analgesic effects through both non-opioid and weak opioid activity and is commonly used to treat mild to moderate pain. It has been in use for over 30 years and has a well-established safety profile in the general population. Since tramadol is not licensed for use in pregnancy and lactation, there is limited clinical research on its use in this patient population. A systematic review was undertaken of articles published in English before June 2011, searching Pubmed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane databases using the terms 'tramadol and pregnancy', 'tramadol and breastfeeding', 'tramadol and lactation', and 'tramadol and neonate'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bloor
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hengstler JG, Foth H, Gebel T, Kramer PJ, Lilienblum W, Schweinfurth H, Völkel W, Wollin KM, Gundert-Remy U. Critical evaluation of key evidence on the human health hazards of exposure to bisphenol A. Crit Rev Toxicol 2011; 41:263-91. [PMID: 21438738 PMCID: PMC3135059 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2011.558487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that more than 5000 safety-related studies have been published on bisphenol A (BPA), there seems to be no resolution of the apparently deadlocked controversy as to whether exposure of the general population to BPA causes adverse effects due to its estrogenicity. Therefore, the Advisory Committee of the German Society of Toxicology reviewed the background and cutting-edge topics of this BPA controversy. The current tolerable daily intake value (TDI) of 0.05 mg/kg body weight [bw]/day, derived by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), is mainly based on body weight changes in two- and three-generation studies in mice and rats. Recently, these studies and the derivation of the TDI have been criticized. After having carefully considered all arguments, the Committee had to conclude that the criticism was scientifically not justified; moreover, recently published additional data further support the reliability of the two- and three-generation studies demonstrating a lack of estrogen-dependent effects at and below doses on which the current TDI is based. A frequently discussed topic is whether doses below 5 mg/kg bw/day may cause adverse health effects in laboratory animals. Meanwhile, it has become clear that positive results from some explorative studies have not been confirmed in subsequent studies with higher numbers of animals or a priori defined hypotheses. Particularly relevant are some recent studies with negative outcomes that addressed effects of BPA on the brain, behavior, and the prostate in rodents for extrapolation to the human situation. The Committee came to the conclusion that rodent data can well be used as a basis for human risk evaluation. Currently published conjectures that rats are insensitive to estrogens compared to humans can be refuted. Data from toxicokinetics studies show that the half-life of BPA in adult human subjects is less than 2 hours and BPA is completely recovered in urine as BPA-conjugates. Tissue deconjugation of BPA-glucuronide and -sulfate may occur. Because of the extremely low quantities, it is only of minor relevance for BPA toxicity. Biomonitoring studies have been used to estimate human BPA exposure and show that the daily intake of BPA is far below the TDI for the general population. Further topics addressed in this article include reasons why some studies on BPA are not reproducible; the relevance of oral versus non-oral exposure routes; the degree to which newborns are at higher systemic BPA exposure; increased BPA exposure by infusions in intensive care units; mechanisms of action other than estrogen receptor activation; and the current regulatory status in Europe, as well as in the USA, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and Australia. Overall, the Committee concluded that the current TDI for BPA is adequately justified and that the available evidence indicates that BPA exposure represents no noteworthy risk to the health of the human population, including newborns and babies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors (IfADo), University of Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Saccomanni G, Del Carlo S, Giorgi M, Manera C, Saba A, Macchia M. Determination of tramadol and metabolites by HPLC-FL and HPLC–MS/MS in urine of dogs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
11
|
Mielke H, Gundert-Remy U. Bisphenol A levels in blood depend on age and exposure. Toxicol Lett 2009; 190:32-40. [PMID: 19560527 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We present two approaches to estimate blood concentrations of Bisphenol A (BPA). Simple kinetic principles were applied to calculate steady state plasma concentrations. A physiologically based model was used to simulate the blood concentration time profile in several age groups exploring the influence of not yet fully developed metabolic capacity on the blood concentrations in the newborn. Both approaches gave concordant results and are in excellent agreement with experimental results [Völkel, W., Colnot, T., Csanady, G.A., Filser, J.G., Dekant, W., 2002. Metabolism and kinetics of bisphenol A in humans at low doses following oral administration. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 15, 1281-1287]. The predictions also agree with published results obtained with a different physiologically based model. According to model simulations, BPA is present in the blood of the normal population at concentrations several orders of magnitude lower than most measurements reported in the literature. At the same external exposure level, the newborn is predicted to have 3 times greater blood concentration than the adult. This is due to the not yet fully developed glucuronidation activity in the newborn, not fully compensated by the unimpaired sulfation pathway. For the highest measured external BPA exposure, the predicted blood concentrations of 2.6 pg/ml (steady state concentration) and 8.2 pg/ml (peak concentration) in the adult are lower than the in vitro concentrations at which inhibiting adiponectin release from human adipocytes and stimulation of beta-cell production and secretion were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Mielke
- Federal Institute for Risk Assessment/Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR), Thielallee 88-92, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Allegaert K, Vancraeynest J, Rayyan M, de Hoon J, Cossey V, Naulaers G, Verbesselt R. Urinary propofol metabolites in early life after single intravenous bolus. Br J Anaesth 2008; 101:827-831. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aen276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
|