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Hosseini SM, Panahi-Azar A, Sheybani-Arani M, Morovatshoar R, Mirzadeh M, Salimi Asl A, Naghdipour Mirsadeghi M, Khajavi-Mayvan F. Vitamins, minerals and their maternal levels' role in brain development: An updated literature-review. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 63:31-45. [PMID: 38907995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
One's neurobehavioural and mental health are built during the exact and complex process of brain development. It is thought that fetal development is where neuropsychiatric disorders first emerged. Behavioural patterns can change as a result of neuropsychiatric illnesses. The incidence is rising quickly; nevertheless, providing exceptional care remains a significant challenge for families and healthcare systems. It has been demonstrated that one of the main factors causing the transmission of these diseases is maternal exposure. Through physiologic pathways, maternal health and intrauterine exposures can affect brain development. Our attention has been focused on epigenetic factors, particularly in the gestational environment, which may be responsible for human neurodegenerative diseases since our main mental development occurs during the nine months of intrauterine life. After thoroughly searching numerous databases, this study examined the effect of fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins, and minerals and their maternal-level effect on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ava Panahi-Azar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | | | - Reza Morovatshoar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Mahdieh Mirzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Ali Salimi Asl
- Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Misa Naghdipour Mirsadeghi
- Department of Gynecology, School of Medicine, Reproductive Health Research Center, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Busquets A, Ferrer-Uris B, Durduran T, Bešlija F, Añón-Hidalgo M, Angulo-Barroso R. Study protocol to examine the effects of acute exercise on motor learning and brain activity in children with developmental coordination disorder (ExLe-Brain-DCD). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302242. [PMID: 38722962 PMCID: PMC11081356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is one of the most prevalent pediatric chronic conditions. Without proper intervention, significant delays in motor skill performance and learning may persist until adulthood. Moderate-to-vigorous physical exercise has been proven to improve motor learning (adaptation and consolidation) in children with or without disorders. However, the effect of a short bout of physical exercise on motor adaptation and consolidation in children with DCD has not been examined. Furthermore, the role of perceptual-motor integration and attention as mediators of learning has not been examined via neuroimaging in this population. OBJECTIVES Therefore, the primary aims of this project will be to compare children with and without DCD to (a) examine the effect of acute exercise on motor learning (adaptation and consolidation) while performing a rotational visuo-motor adaptation task (rVMA), and (b) explore cortical activation in the dorsolateral- and ventrolateral-prefrontal cortex areas while learning the rVMA task under rest or post-exercise conditions. METHODS One hundred twenty children will be recruited (60 DCD, 60 controls) and within-cohort randomly assigned to either exercise (13-minute shuttle run task) or rest prior to performing the rVMA task. Adaptation and consolidation will be evaluated via two error variables and three retention tests (1h, 24h and 7 days post adaptation). Cortical activation will be registered via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during the baseline, adaptation, and consolidation. DISCUSSION We expect to find exercise benefits on motor learning and attention so that children with DCD profiles will be closer to those of children with typical development. The results of this project will provide further evidence to: (a) better characterize children with DCD for the design of educational materials, and (b) establish acute exercise as a potential intervention to improve motor learning and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Busquets
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blai Ferrer-Uris
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Turgut Durduran
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faruk Bešlija
- Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - Manuel Añón-Hidalgo
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Angulo-Barroso
- Institut Nacional d’Educació Física de Catalunya, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Kinesiology, California State University, Northridge, California, United States of America
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DelRosso LM, Mogavero MP, Bruni O, Ferri R. Restless Legs Syndrome and Restless Sleep Disorder in Children. Sleep Med Clin 2023; 18:201-212. [PMID: 37120162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) affects 2% of children presenting with symptoms of insomnia, restless sleep, decreased quality of life, and effects on cognition and behavior. The International RLS Study Group and the American Academy of Sleep Medicine have published guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of RLS in children. Restless sleep disorder has been recently identified in children and presents with frequent movements during sleep and daytime symptoms with polysomnography findings of at least 5 large muscle movements at night. Treatment options for both disorders include iron supplementation, either oral or intravenous with improvement in nighttime and daytime symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M DelRosso
- University of California San Francisco, Fresno, USA; University Sleep and Pulmonary Associates, 6733 North Willow Avenue, Unit 107, Fresno, CA 93710, USA.
| | - Maria Paola Mogavero
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy; Division of Neuroscience, Sleep Disorders Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Centro di Medicina Del Sonno, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Turro, Via Stamira D'Ancona, 20, Milano 20127, Italy
| | - Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Via dei Marsi 78, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Department of Neurology I.C., Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Via C Ruggero 73, Troina 94018, Italy
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Zhang L, Ma S, Dai F, Li Q, Wu L, Yu L, Xie T, Zhu DM, Zhu P. Anemia in pregnancy and sleep of 6-month-old infants: A prospective cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1049219. [PMID: 36969814 PMCID: PMC10036361 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1049219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveAnemia has been reported to adversely influence sleep in infants. However, the association between anemia in pregnancy and infant sleep remains unclear. We aimed to examine the association between maternal anemia in pregnancy and sleep parameters of 6-month-old infants.MethodsWe enrolled 2,410 mother-infant pairs between 2018 and 2021 in Hefei. Data on maternal hemoglobin concentration were collected at 24–28 gestational weeks from the electronic medical records of the hospitals. Nocturnal and daytime sleep duration, number of night awakenings, nocturnal wakefulness, and sleep latency of infants aged 6 months were measured using the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire with five items. A restricted cubic spline model was used to examine the relationship between maternal hemoglobin concentration and infant nocturnal sleep duration after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIn our study, 807 (33.5%) mothers had anemia during pregnancy. Compared to infants born to mothers without anemia, infants born to mothers with anemia in pregnancy had shorter nocturnal sleep duration [mean (SD), 560.29 (79.57) mins vs. 574.27 (75.36) mins] at the age of 6 months. Subgroup analysis showed consistent significant differences in nocturnal sleep duration between infant born to anemic and non-anemic mothers, except in case of stratification by preterm birth [mean difference (mins), 2.03 (95% CI, −20.01, −24.07)] and pre-pregnancy obesity [mean difference (mins), −0.85 (95% CI, −16.86, −15.16)]. A J-shaped nonlinear correlation curve was observed between maternal hemoglobin concentration and infant nocturnal sleep duration. Compared with mothers without daily iron supplementation, mothers who had daily iron supplementation had higher hemoglobin concentrations [mean (SD), 112.39 (11.33) g/L vs. 110.66 (10.65) g/L] at delivery and their infants had longer nocturnal sleep duration [mean (SD), 565.99 (82.46) mins vs. 553.66 (76.03) mins].ConclusionAnemia in pregnancy may have an adverse influence on the sleep of 6-mon-old infants, and the relationship between maternal hemoglobin concentration and nocturnal sleep duration is nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Feicai Dai
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Lijun Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
| | - Tianqin Xie
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Dao-min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
- Dao-min Zhu,
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Hefei, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhu,
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East PL, Doom JR, Blanco E, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Gahagan S. Iron Deficiency in Infancy and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and ADHD Symptoms in Childhood and Adolescence. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2023; 52:259-270. [PMID: 34519599 PMCID: PMC8918441 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1969653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether iron deficiency in infancy is associated with sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) or attention-deficit/hyperactive-impulsive (AD-HI) symptoms in childhood and adolescence, and whether such behaviors contribute concurrently and predictively to lower verbal and mathematical abilities. METHOD Chilean children (N = 959; 50% male, of Spanish or indigenous descent from working-class backgrounds) were rated by mothers for SCT or AD-HI symptoms at ages 5, 10, and 16 years. Children completed standardized tests assessing verbal and mathematical abilities at ages 5, 10, and 16. At ages 12 and 18 months, children were assessed for iron deficiency. RESULTS Adjusting for a comprehensive panel of covariates, greater severity of iron deficiency in infancy was associated with more frequent SCT and AD-HI symptoms at all ages studied. Most effects of iron deficiency on children's verbal and math skills were indirect, mediated through AD-HI behaviors. Children's AD-HI symptoms related to lower verbal and math test scores within age and across age. CONCLUSIONS The long-term associations found between infant iron deficiency and SCT and AD-HI behaviors suggest that the neurodevelopmental alterations that stem from postnatal iron deficiency might play an etiological role in the development of ADHD. Screening for early-life nutritional deficiencies among children with SCT or ADHD symptoms might prove useful, and behavioral screening of children with a history of iron deficiency seems warranted. Interventions that support brain development after early nutritional deprivation also would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia L East
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
| | | | - Estela Blanco
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
- Department of Public Health, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego
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DelRosso LM, Mogavero MP, Ferri R. Restless sleep disorder, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder-Sleep in motion! Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1879-1886. [PMID: 33527761 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMDs) represent an important part of pediatric sleep disorders. The most common complaint in SRMD is restless sleep at night. Restless sleep is reported in up to 80% of children with restless legs syndrome (RLS) and children with periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) disorder (PLMD). However, restless sleep causing daytime behavioral consequences can be seen in children without another apparent condition and has recently been identified as a new independent primary pediatric sleep disorder, called restless sleep disorder (RSD). This study describes these three main SRMDs (RSD, RLS, and PLMD), explains the new consensus criteria for RSD, emphasizes the rapidly evolving areas of research in this field, and proposes recommendations for future research. In particular, the published data constitute convincing evidence that sleep-related movements are disruptors of sleep quality and continuity. However, while important advancements have recently been reported in adults, a detailed analysis of the phenomenology and consequences of sleep-related movements has just started in children. New approaches, standardized diagnostic methods, and specific guidelines are needed in the field of pediatric SRMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria P Mogavero
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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7
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Restless Sleep Disorder (RSD): a New Sleep Disorder in Children. A Rapid Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:395-404. [PMID: 35699902 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-022-01200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is a recently identified pediatric sleep disorder characterized by frequent movements during sleep associated with daytime symptoms. In this review we summarize the expanding evidence of the clinical presentation of RSD, potential pathophysiology, associated comorbidities, and current treatment options that will help the pediatrician identify children with RSD in a timely manner. RECENT FINDINGS RSD is diagnosed in 7.7% of children referred evaluated in a pediatric sleep center. Children with RSD present with frequent nightly movements during sleep for at least 3 months, and have daytime symptoms related to poor sleep quality including excessive sleepiness, hyperactivity, irritability among other symptoms. Current evidence shows an increased sympathetic predominance, increased NREM sleep instability, and iron deficiency, as well as increased prevalence in parasomnias and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Consensus diagnostic criteria were recently published to diagnose RSD and emergent evidence suggests that iron supplementation improves its nighttime and daytime symptoms.
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Cecilia A, Patricio P, Donna C, Rakibul H, Sussanne R, Betsy L, Bharat B. Cognitive control inhibition networks in adulthood are impaired by early iron deficiency in infancy. Neuroimage Clin 2022; 35:103089. [PMID: 35753235 PMCID: PMC9249946 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2022.103089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, a common form of micronutrient deficiency, primarily affects children and women. The principal cause of iron deficiency is undernutrition in low-income countries and malnutrition in middle to upper income regions. Iron is a key element for myelin production, neuronal metabolism, and dopamine functions. Iron deficiency in early life can alter brain development and exert long-lasting effects. Control inhibition is an executive function that involves several brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex and caudate and sub-thalamic nuclei. Dopamine is the prevalent neurotransmitter underlying cognitive inhibition. We followed cohort study participants who had iron deficiency anemia in infancy as well non-anemic controls. At 22 years of age, the participants were subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate the correlation between functional connectivity and performance on an inhibitory cognitive task (Go/No-Go). We hypothesized that former iron deficient anemic (FIDA) participants demonstrate less strength in functional connectivity compared with controls (C). There were not significant group differences in the behavioral results in terms of accuracy and response time. A continuous covariate interaction analysis of functional connectivity and the Go/No-Go scores demonstrated significant differences between the FIDA and C groups. The FIDA participants demonstrated less strength in connectivity in brain regions related to control inhibition, including the medial temporal lobe, impairment in the integration of the default mode network (indicating decreased attention and alertness), and an increase in connectivity in posterior brain areas, all of which suggest slower circuitry maturation. The results support the hypothesis that FIDA young adults show differences in the connectivity of networks related to executive functions. These differences could increase their vulnerability to develop cognitive dysfunctions or mental disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algarín Cecilia
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile,Corresponding author at: El Líbano 5524, Macul 7830490, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Peirano Patricio
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Chen Donna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hafiz Rakibul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Reyes Sussanne
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Chile
| | - Lozoff Betsy
- Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Biswal Bharat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, United States
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Abstract
Restless sleep disorder is (RSD) a condition characterized by frequent large movements during sleep associated with daytime impairment. RSD has been studied in children aged 6 to 18 years. Polysomnography is necessary for the diagnosis of RSD. The current diagnostic criteria include more than 5 large movements per hour of sleep documented by PSG. The pathophysiology is not known yet, but iron deficiency and sleep instability and increased sympathetic activation are suspected to play a role. Iron supplementation is the only treatment option studied so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M DelRosso
- University of Washington, Seattle Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Rosalia Silvestri
- Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of A.O.U.G. Martino - Pad. H, 1o piano, Via Consolare Valeria, 1, 98125 Messina (ME), Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Via C Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Italy
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Leung W, Singh I, McWilliams S, Stockler S, Ipsiroglu OS. Iron deficiency and sleep – A scoping review. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 51:101274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Reyes S, Algarín C, Lozoff B, Peigneux P, Peirano P. Sleep and motor sequence learning consolidation in former iron deficient anemic adolescents. Sleep Med 2019; 64:116-122. [PMID: 31704427 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency worldwide. There is evidence that iron deficiency produces alterations in the developing brain, eventually leading to long-lasting effects on various cognitive functions. METHODS Here, we investigated motor learning and its consolidation after sleep in adolescents who sustained iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infancy, compared to healthy controls, in the context of a long-term follow-up Chilean research project. Fifty-three adolescents who formerly had iron deficiency anemia as infants and 40 control adolescents practiced a sequential motor finger tapping task, before and after a night of sleep. Performance was measured at the end of learning, 30 min later (boost effect), and the next morning. RESULTS Revealed slower learning in subjects with infant iron deficiency anemia than control subjects, followed by a proportionally similar performance boost at 30 min. Performance remained stable overnight in healthy controls but further improved in infant IDA adolescents, suggesting a beneficial effect of post-training sleep on the consolidation of incompletely learned motor skills. In particular, overnight gains in performance were observed in female, but not male infant iron deficiency anemic subjects, suggesting a gender effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate long-lasting motor learning deficits in infant IDA adolescents and provide support to the hypothesis that post-training sleep might, to some extent, compensate for hampered motor learning during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sussanne Reyes
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Algarín
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan, North Ingalls Building, 10th Floor, 300 N. Ingalls Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5406, USA
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF - Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, CRCN - Center for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences, UNI - ULB Neurosciences Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt CP191 B-1050, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patricio Peirano
- Sleep and Functional Neurobiology Laboratory, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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DelRosso LM, Jackson CV, Trotter K, Bruni O, Ferri R. Video-polysomnographic characterization of sleep movements in children with restless sleep disorder. Sleep 2019; 42:5269503. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M DelRosso
- Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Department, Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Kimberly Trotter
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Oliviero Bruni
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Sleep Research Centre, Oasi Research Institute – IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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The Sleep Inbred Panel, a Collection of Inbred Drosophila melanogaster with Extreme Long and Short Sleep Duration. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2018; 8:2865-2873. [PMID: 29991508 PMCID: PMC6118319 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how genomic variation causes differences in observable phenotypes remains a major challenge in biology. It is difficult to trace the sequence of events originating from genomic variants to changes in transcriptional responses or protein modifications. Ideally, one would conduct experiments with individuals that are at either extreme of the trait of interest, but such resources are often not available. Further, advances in genome editing will enable testing of candidate polymorphisms individually and in combination. Here we have created a resource for the study of sleep with 39 inbred lines of Drosophila-the Sleep Inbred Panel (SIP). SIP lines have stable long- and short-sleeping phenotypes developed from naturally occurring polymorphisms. These lines are fully sequenced, enabling more accurate targeting for genome editing and transgenic constructs. This panel facilitates the study of intermediate transcriptional and proteomic correlates of sleep, and supports genome editing studies to verify polymorphisms associated with sleep duration.
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Wu KJ, Kumar S, Serrano Negron YL, Harbison ST. Genotype Influences Day-to-Day Variability in Sleep in Drosophila melanogaster. Sleep 2018; 41:zsx205. [PMID: 29228366 PMCID: PMC6018780 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patterns of sleep often vary among individuals. But sleep and activity may also vary within an individual, fluctuating in pattern across time. One possibility is that these daily fluctuations in sleep are caused by the underlying genotype of the individual. However, differences attributable to genetic causes are difficult to distinguish from environmental factors in outbred populations such as humans. We therefore employed Drosophila as a model of intra-individual variability in sleep using previously collected sleep and activity data from the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel, a collection of wild-derived inbred lines. Individual flies had significant daily fluctuations in their sleep patterns, and these fluctuations were heritable. Using the standard deviation of sleep parameters as a metric, we conducted a genome-wide association study. We found 663 polymorphisms in 104 genes associated with daily fluctuations in sleep. We confirmed the effects of 12 candidate genes on the standard deviation of sleep parameters. Our results suggest that daily fluctuations in sleep patterns are due in part to gene activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Wu
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Shailesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yazmin L Serrano Negron
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Susan T Harbison
- Laboratory of Systems Genetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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15
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Evaluation of Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep and Iron Status in Children With Autism. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 53:343-9. [PMID: 26231264 PMCID: PMC4610130 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent data suggest that both disordered sleep and low serum iron occur more frequently in children with autism compared with children with typical development. Iron deficiency has been linked to specific sleep disorders. The goal of the current study was to evaluate periodic limb movements in sleep and iron status in a group of children with autism compared with typically developing children and children with nonautism developmental delay to determine if iron status correlated with polysomnographic measures of latency and continuity and periodic limb movements in sleep. METHODS A total of 102 children (68 with autism, 18 typically developing, 16 with developmental delay) aged 2 to 7 years underwent a one-night modified polysomnography study and phlebotomy at the National Institutes of Health to measure serum markers of iron status (ferritin, iron, transferrin, percent transferrin saturation). RESULTS No serum iron marker was associated with periodic limb movements of sleep or any other sleep parameter; this did not differ among the diagnostic groups. No significant differences among groups were observed on serum iron markers or most polysomnogram parameters: periodic limb movements in sleep, periodic limb movements index, wake after sleep onset, or sleep efficiency. Children in the autism group had significantly less total sleep time. Serum ferritin was uniformly low across groups. CONCLUSIONS This study found no evidence that serum ferritin is associated with polysomnogram measures of latency or sleep continuity or that young children with autism are at increased risk for higher periodic limb movements index compared with typically developing and developmental delay peers.
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16
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Inhibitory control in otherwise healthy overweight 10-year-old children. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1230-5. [PMID: 25869603 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing obesity is a worldwide public health priority. In vulnerable children living in obesogenic environments, with easy access to high-caloric food, alterations in inhibitory control functions might favor excessive food intake and affect energy regulation. We hypothesized that overweight/obese children would present lower inhibitory control in comparison to normal weight children. METHODS We measured inhibitory control functions in 93 otherwise healthy overweight/obese and 92 normal weight 10-year-old children using the Stroop test and the Go/No-Go task. Event-related potentials were recorded during the Go/No-Go task. RESULTS Overweight/obese children showed slower reaction times (1248.6 ms (95% confidence interval (CI): 1182.9-1314.3) vs 1149.0 ms (95% CI: 1083.0-1215.1)) on the Stroop test, higher reaction time variability (0.25 (95% CI: 0.22-0.27) vs 0.21 (95% CI: 0.19-0.24)) on the Go/No-Go task and decreased P300 amplitude (4.1 μV (95% CI: 3.0-5.2) vs 6.4 μV (95% CI: 5.2-7.6)) on event-related potentials compared with normal weight children. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate altered inhibitory control functions in otherwise healthy overweight/obese children, which might contribute to their excessive food consumption.
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17
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Sleep patterns in male juvenile monkeys are influenced by gestational iron deprivation and monoamine oxidase A genotype. Br J Nutr 2015; 112:1478-83. [PMID: 25351859 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514002451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Individual differences in sleep patterns of children may have developmental origins. In the present study, two factors known to influence behavioural development, monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genotype and prenatal Fe-deficient (ID) diet, were examined for their influences on sleep patterns in juvenile rhesus monkeys. Sleep patterns were assessed based on a threshold for inactivity as recorded by activity monitors. Pregnant monkeys were fed diets containing either 100 parts per million (ppm) Fe (Fe sufficient, IS) or 10 ppm Fe (ID). At 3-4 months of age, male offspring were genotyped for polymorphisms of the MAOA gene that lead to high or low transcription. At 1 and 2 years of age, sleep patterns were assessed. Several parameters of sleep architecture changed with age. At 1 year of age, monkeys with the low-MAOA genotype demonstrated a trend towards more sleep episodes at night compared with those with the high-MAOA genotype. When monkeys reached 2 years of age, prenatal ID reversed this trend; ID in the low-MAOA group resulted in sleep fragmentation, more awakenings at night and more sleep episodes during the day when compared with prenatal IS in this genotype. The ability to consolidate sleep during the dark cycle was disrupted by prenatal ID, specifically in monkeys with the low-MAOA genotype.
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18
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Long-chainn-3 PUFA supplementation decreases physical activity during class time in iron-deficient South African school children. Br J Nutr 2014; 113:212-24. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both Fe deficiency and poorn-3 fatty acid status have been associated with behavioural changes in children. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Fe and DHA+EPA supplementation, alone or in combination, on physical activity during school days and on teacher-rated behaviour in healthy Fe-deficient school children. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, children (n98, 6–11 years) were randomly assigned to receive (1) Fe (50 mg) plus DHA (420 mg)+EPA (80 mg), (2) Fe plus placebo, (3) placebo plus DHA+EPA or (4) placebo plus placebo as oral supplements (4 d/week) for 8·5 months. Physical activity was measured during four school days at baseline and endpoint using accelerometers, and data were stratified into morning class time (08.00–10.29 hours), break time (10.30–11.00 hours) and after-break class time (11.01–12.00 hours) for analysis. Classroom behaviour was assessed at endpoint using Conners’ Teacher Rating Scales. DHA+EPA supplementation decreased physical activity counts during morning class time, increased sedentary physical activity, and decreased light- and moderate-intensity physical activities. Consistently, DHA+EPA supplementation increased sedentary physical activity and decreased light-intensity physical activity during after-break class time. Even though there were no treatment effects found on teacher-rated behaviour, lower physical activity during morning class time was associated with lower levels of teacher-rated hyperactivity and oppositional behaviour at endpoint. Despite a positive association between Fe status and physical activity during break time at baseline, Fe supplementation did not affect physical activity during break time and class time. Our findings suggest that DHA+EPA supplementation may decrease physical activity levels during class time, and further indicate that accelerometry might be a useful tool to assess classroom behaviour in healthy children.
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