1
|
Tanaka M, Date M, Miura K, Ito M, Mizuno N, Mizuno K. Protein and Immune Component Content of Donor Human Milk in Japan: Variation with Gestational and Postpartum Age. Nutrients 2023; 15:2278. [PMID: 37242161 PMCID: PMC10221383 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor human milk (DHM) is the second-best nutrition for preterm infants when their own mother's milk is unavailable. The nutrient content of human milk is influenced by various factors, including gestational and postpartum age, but there are no data regarding DHM composition in Japan. The aim of this study was to determine the protein and immune component content of DHM in Japan and to elucidate the effects of gestational and postpartum age on nutrient composition. From September 2021 to May 2022, 134 DHM samples were collected from 92 mothers of preterm and term infants. Protein concentrations in preterm DHM (n = 41) and term DHM (n = 93) were analyzed using a Miris Human Milk Analyzer. The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lactoferrin, major immune components, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Preterm DHM exhibited higher protein content than term DHM (1.2 g/dL and 1.0 g/dL, respectively, p < 0.001), whereas sIgA content was higher in term DHM than in preterm DHM (110 μg/mL and 68.4 μg/mL, respectively, p < 0.001). Gestational age was negatively correlated with protein levels and positively correlated with sIgA and lactoferrin levels. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between postpartum week and protein, sIgA, and lactoferrin concentrations. Our data suggest that gestational and postpartum age affects protein, sIgA, and lactoferrin concentrations in DHM. These results indicate the importance of nutritional analysis for the appropriate use of DHM in preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miori Tanaka
- The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, 17-10 Nihonbashi-koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (M.D.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Midori Date
- The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, 17-10 Nihonbashi-koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (M.D.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (K.M.)
| | - Kumiko Miura
- The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, 17-10 Nihonbashi-koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (M.D.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (K.M.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Hasamamachiidaigaoka, Yufu-shi, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ito
- The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, 17-10 Nihonbashi-koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (M.D.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (K.M.)
- School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Noriko Mizuno
- Japan Human Milk Bank Association, 4-4 Nihonbashi-hisamatsucho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8480, Japan;
| | - Katsumi Mizuno
- The Nippon Foundation Human Milk Bank, 17-10 Nihonbashi-koamicho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0016, Japan; (M.D.); (K.M.); (M.I.); (K.M.)
- Japan Human Milk Bank Association, 4-4 Nihonbashi-hisamatsucho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-8480, Japan;
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gustafsson A, Johansson E, Henckel E, Lange S, Bohlin K. Changes in Antisecretory Factor in Human Milk During the Postpartum and Length of Gestation. J Hum Lact 2022; 38:131-140. [PMID: 34074170 PMCID: PMC8814942 DOI: 10.1177/08903344211021306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preterm infants are more susceptible to inflammatory complications than term infants. Human milk contains numerous bioactive components protecting the newborn infant. Antisecretory factor, a protein regulating secretory and inflammatory processes by complex binding with complement factors, is present in human milk. RESEARCH AIMS To describe antisecretory factor (1) in mother's own milk in term and preterm infants; and (2) in donor milk before and after Holder pasteurization. METHODS The study was prospective, longitudinal, explorative, and descriptive. Antisecretory factor-compleasome was determined using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in longitudinal human milk samples over 12 weeks from mothers (N = 87) of term (n = 41) and of preterm (n = 46) infants and 20 anonymized donor human milk samples before and after Holder pasteurization. RESULTS Antisecretory factor-compleasome was overall higher in colostrum versus mature milk (p < .001) and no difference was found in term or preterm colostrum (p = .82). In mature milk, compleasome was higher and more variable in the preterm group (p = .01). After Holder pasteurization, compleasome levels increased (p < .001). CONCLUSION Antisecretory factor followed the pattern of other immunological factors with high levels in colostrum. After preterm birth, levels of antisecretory factor were higher and more variable in mature milk. Holder pasteurization did not degrade antisecretory factor, indicating preserved anti-inflammatory properties in donor human milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gustafsson
- 27106 Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,206106 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Johansson
- 99018 Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ewa Henckel
- 27106 Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,206106 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Lange
- 99018 Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Bohlin
- 27106 Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,206106 Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin Concentrations in Milk of Gestational Diabetic Mothers. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030818. [PMID: 33801292 PMCID: PMC7998843 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk of having a high-care newborn and has an impact on maternal wellbeing. This study aimed to assess the effect of GDM on the lactoferrin (LF), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations in early colostrum, colostrum, and transitional milk samples of hyperglycemic (n = 53) and normoglycemic (n = 49) mothers using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The concentrations of milk lactoferrin and SIgA, but not IgG and IgM, from hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mothers, showed a similar negative correlation with lactation from the first to the fifteenth day. Apart from early colostral IgG, there were no differences in concentrations of LF and immunoglobulins in milk from hyperglycemic and normoglycemic mothers. For hyperglycemia compensated by diet (GDM G1) or insulin treatment (GDM G2), slight differences were seen for LF and IgG, but not for SIgA and IgM, during an early stage of lactation only. Early colostral IgG and colostral LF of insulin-treated mothers were higher (10.01 ± 4.48 mg/L and 11.50 ± 0.58 g/L, respectively) than for diet-control diabetic mothers (7.65 ± 5.67 mg/L and 8.05 ± 1.38 g/L, respectively). GDM of mothers does not have a significant impact on immunological quality of early milk.
Collapse
|
4
|
Czosnykowska-Łukacka M, Lis-Kuberka J, Królak-Olejnik B, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Changes in Human Milk Immunoglobulin Profile During Prolonged Lactation. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:428. [PMID: 32850542 PMCID: PMC7426452 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mother's milk immunoglobulins (Igs) delivered to infants during breastfeeding are crucial in shaping and modulating immature infants' immune system and provide efficient protection against pathogens. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunoglobulin concentrations in milk of 116 lactating mothers over prolonged lactation from the 1st to the 48th month using the ELISA method. The concentration of proteins, SIgA and IgG, but not IgM, showed a positive correlation (r = 0.69, p < 0.005; r = 0.54, p < 0.05; and r = 0.27, p < 0.05, respectively) with lactation from the 1st to the 48th month. The lowest concentrations of SIgA and IgG were observed for the first year (2.12 ± 0.62 g/L and 14.71 ± 6.18 mg/L, respectively) and the highest after the 2nd year of lactation (7.55 ± 7.16 g/L and 18.95 ± 6.76 mg/L, respectively). The IgM concentration remained stable during 2 years (2.81 ± 2.74 mg/L), but after 24 months it was higher (3.82 ± 3.05 mg/L), although not significantly. Moreover, negative correlations of protein (r = -0.24, p < 0.05) and SIgA (r = -0.47, p < 0.05) concentrations with the number of feedings were found. Human milk after the 2nd year of lactation contains significantly higher concentrations of protein, SIgA, and IgG. High concentration of immunoglobulins and protein during prolonged lactation is an additional argument to support breastfeeding even after introducing solid foods and should be one of the overarching goals in the protection of children's health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lectin-Based Method for Deciphering Human Milk IgG Sialylation. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203797. [PMID: 31652515 PMCID: PMC6832633 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In light of the immunoprotective function of human milk and the incontestable impact of IgG glycosylation on its immune functions, characterization of the sialylation profile of human milk IgG is needed. Lectins as a molecular probe were applied in lectin-IgG-ELISA to analyze the sialylation and galactosylation pattern of skim milk IgG of mothers who delivered at term and prematurely. Well-defined biotinylated lectins were used: Maackia amurensis II (MAA II), Sambucus nigra (SNA), Ricinus communis I (RCA I), and Griffonia simplicifolia II (GSL II) specific to α2,3-Neu5Ac, α2,6-Neu5Ac, Gal(β1,4)GlcNAc, and agalactosylated glycans, respectively. The sialylation pattern of milk IgG differs qualitatively and quantitatively from maternal plasma IgG and is related to lactation stage and perinatal risk factors. Expression of MAA-, SNA-, and GSL-reactive glycotopes on term milk IgG showed a positive correlation with milk maturation from days 1 to 55. Preterm birth was associated with an increase of MAA-reactive and a decrease of RCA-reactive IgG glycotopes. Moreover, higher SNA- and GSL-reactive and lower RCA-reactive glycoform levels of milk IgG were associated with infection of lactating mothers. Application of a specific and simple method, lectin-IgG-ELISA, reveals the sialylation pattern of milk IgG over milk maturation. However, further investigations are needed in this area.
Collapse
|
6
|
Czosnykowska-Łukacka M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Broers B, Królak-Olejnik B. Lactoferrin in Human Milk of Prolonged Lactation. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102350. [PMID: 31581741 PMCID: PMC6835443 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the immunologically important bioactive factors present in human milk, lactoferrin (Lf) has emerged as a key player with wide-ranging features that directly and indirectly protect the neonate against infection caused by a variety of pathogens. The concentration of Lf in human milk is lactation-stage related; colostrum contains more than 5 g/L, which then significantly decreases to 2–3 g/L in mature milk. The milk of mothers who are breastfeeding for more than one year is of a standard value, containing macronutrients in a composition similar to that of human milk at later stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate lactoferrin concentration in prolonged lactation from the first to the 48th month postpartum. Lactating women (n = 120) up to 48 months postpartum were recruited to the study. The mean value of lactoferrin concentration was the lowest in the group of 1–12 months of lactation (3.39 ± 1.43 g/L), significantly increasing in the 13–18 months group (5.55 ± 4.00 g/L; p < 0.006), and remaining at a comparable level in the groups of 19–24 month and over 24 months (5.02 ± 2.97 and 4.90 ± 3.18 g/L, respectively). The concentration of lactoferrin in mother’s milk also showed a positive correlation with protein concentration over lactation from the first to the 48th month (r = 0.3374; p = 0.0002). Our results demonstrate the high immunology potential of human milk during prolonged lactation and that Lf concentration is close to the Lf concentration in colostrum. Evidence of stable or rising immunoprotein levels during prolonged lactation provides an argument for foregoing weaning; however, breastfeeding must be combined with solid foods meet the new requirements of a rapidly growing six-month or older baby.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 48/50, 50-369 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Barbara Broers
- Neonatology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Barbara Królak-Olejnik
- Neonatology Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sialylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoconjugates of Human Milk. The Impact on Infant and Newborn Protection, Development and Well-Being. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020306. [PMID: 30717166 PMCID: PMC6413137 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk not only has nutritional value, but also provides a wide range of biologically active molecules, which are adapted to meet the needs of newborns and infants. Mother’s milk is a source of sialylated oligosaccharides and glycans that are attached to proteins and lipids, whose concentrations and composition are unique. Sialylated human milk glycoconjugates and oligosaccharides enrich the newborn immature immune system and are crucial for their proper development and well-being. Some of the milk sialylated oligosaccharide structures can locally exert biologically active effects in the newborn’s and infant’s gut. Sialylated molecules of human milk can be recognized and bound by sialic acid-dependent pathogens and inhibit their adhesion to the epithelial cells of newborns and infants. A small amount of intact sialylated oligosaccharides can be absorbed from the intestine and remain in the newborn’s circulation in concentrations high enough to modulate the immunological system at the cellular level and facilitate proper brain development during infancy. Conclusion: The review summarizes the current state of knowledge on sialylated human milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, discusses the significance of sialylated structures of human milk in newborn protection and development, and presents the advantages of human milk over infant formula.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Z, Jiang R, Chen Q, Wang J, Duan Y, Pang X, Jiang S, Bi Y, Zhang H, Lönnerdal B, Lai J, Yin S. Concentration of Lactoferrin in Human Milk and Its Variation during Lactation in Different Chinese Populations. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091235. [PMID: 30189612 PMCID: PMC6163804 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein and one of the most abundant proteins in human milk. Various factors may affect its concentration in human milk, such as stage of lactation, ethnicity, and diet. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the present study were to examine the dynamic change in milk Lf throughout the course of lactation and explore factors associated with milk Lf concentrations in various Chinese populations. METHODS This investigation was a part of a large cross-sectional study conducted in 11 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Beijing, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Shanghai, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang) across China between 2011 and 2013. Lactating women (n = 6481) within 0⁻330 days postpartum were recruited in the original study. A sub-sample of 824 women was randomly selected, and milk Lf concentrations were determined by UPLC/MS. RESULTS The Lf concentration in milk from women delivering at term was 3.16 g/L, 1.73 g/L and 0.90 g/L for colostrum, transitional milk, and mature milk, respectively. Lf concentrations differed significantly between stages of lactation (colostrum vs. transitional milk, colostrum vs. mature milk, transitional milk vs. mature milk, all p < 0.001). Maternal BMI, age, mode of delivery, parturition, protein intake, and serum albumin concentration were not correlated with milk Lf concentration. However, milk Lf concentrations varied among different geographical regions (Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Heilongjiang (1.44 g/L), p = 0.037; Guangdong (1.91 g/L) vs. Gansu (1.43 g/L), p = 0.041) and ethnicities (Dai (1.80 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.007; Han (1.62 g/L) vs. Tibetan (0.99 g/L), p = 0.002) in China. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of Lf in human milk changes dynamically throughout lactation. Few maternal characteristics affect the milk Lf concentration, but it varies across different geographical regions and ethnicities in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Rulan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Qi Chen
- Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Yifan Duan
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Xuehong Pang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shan Jiang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Ye Bi
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Huanmei Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jianqiang Lai
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Shian Yin
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cakebread J, Hodgkinson A, Wallace O, Callaghan M, Hurford D, Wieliczko R, Harris P, Haigh B. Bovine milk derived skimmed milk powder and whey protein concentrate modulates Citrobacter rodentium shedding in the mouse intestinal tract. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5359. [PMID: 30065896 PMCID: PMC6065463 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Skimmed milk powder (SMP) and whey protein concentrate (WPC) were manufactured from fresh milk collected from cows producing high or low Immunoglobulin (Ig) A levels in their milk. In addition commercial products were purchased for use as diluent or control treatments. A murine enteric disease model (Citrobacter rodentium) was used to assess whether delivery of selected bioactive molecules (IgA, IgG, Lactoferrin (Lf)) or formulation delivery matrix (SMP, WPC) affected faecal shedding of bacteria in C. rodentium infected mice. In trial one, faecal pellets collected from mice fed SMP containing IgA (0.007-0.35 mg/mL), IgG (0.28-0.58 mg/mL) and Lf (0.03-0.1 mg/mL) contained fewer C. rodentium (cfu) compared to control mice fed water (day 8, p < 0.04, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Fisher's unprotected least significant difference (ULSD)). In trial two, WPC containing IgA (0.35-1.66 mg/mL), IgG (0.58-2.36 mg/mL) and Lf (0.02-0.45 mg/mL) did not affect C. rodentium shedding, but SMP again reduced faecal C. rodentium levels (day 12, p < 0.04, ANOVA followed by Fisher's ULSD). No C. rodentium was detected in sham phosphate-buffered saline inoculated mice. Mice fed a commercial WPC shed significantly greater numbers of C. rodentium over 4 consecutive days (Fishers ULSD test), compared to control mice fed water. These data indicate that SMP, but not WPC, modulates faecal shedding in C. rodentium-infected mice and may impact progression of C. rodentium infection independently of selected bioactive concentration. This suggests that food matrix can impact biological effects of foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Cakebread
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Alison Hodgkinson
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Olivia Wallace
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Megan Callaghan
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Daralyn Hurford
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Robert Wieliczko
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Paul Harris
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brendan Haigh
- Dairy Foods Team, Food & Bio-based Products, AgResearch, Hamilton, New Zealand.,Miraka Limited, Taupo, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lis-Kuberka J, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Królak-Olejnik B, Berghausen-Mazur M, Barańska K, Kątnik-Prastowska I. Lectin-based analysis of human milk immunoglobulin G fucosylated variants in relation to milk maturation and perinatal risk factors. J Appl Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
|
11
|
Minić S, Ješić M, Đurović D, Miletić S, Lugonja N, Marinković V, Nikolić-Kokić A, Spasić S, Vrvić MM. Redox properties of transitional milk from mothers of preterm infants. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:160-164. [PMID: 28791778 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is a discrepancy between the amount of transitional milk produced by mothers of preterm infants and the low capacity of premature infants to consume it. This milk can be used in milk banks, but previous studies found that there are large variations in the level of host-defence proteins in individual samples of milk from mothers of premature infants, which implies that large individual variations in antioxidative defence composition are also possible. METHODS Milk samples were collected from 20 healthy mothers of preterm infants. We determined the values for non-enzymatic antioxidative capacity parameters (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), static oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), activities of antioxidant defence enzymes and the amount of vitamin C in whole milk, skim and whey fractions of transitional milk. RESULTS The main low-molecular-weight antioxidant in transitional milk is vitamin C and most of it is contained in whey. ORAC is higher in whole transitional milk than in skim milk and whey, and ORP is lower in whole transitional milk than that in skim milk and whey. Antioxidative enzyme activities are similar in all individual samples of transitional milk from mothers of preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that transitional milk of mothers of preterm infants shows slow individual variations in antioxidative defence composition; therefore, it can be used in human milk banks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simeon Minić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Ješić
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dijana Đurović
- Institute for Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Srdjan Miletić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nikoleta Lugonja
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Spasić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lis-Kuberka J, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Alpha 2,3- and alpha 2,6-sialylation of human skim milk glycoproteins during milk maturation. J Appl Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
|
13
|
Lactoferrin concentration in breast milk of mothers of low-birth-weight newborns. J Perinatol 2017; 37:507-512. [PMID: 28125095 PMCID: PMC5554708 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2016.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lactoferrin (LF) is a breast milk glycoprotein with protective effects against neonatal infections, mainly in premature and low-birth-weight (LBW) neonates. The aims of this study were to determine LF concentration in breast milk of mothers of LBW infants during the first 2 months postpartum, and to identify the factors associated with LF concentration. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study conducted as a part of an ongoing clinical trial in three Neonatal Units in Peru. We included 346 mothers of neonates with a birth weight <2000 g. We measured LF concentration in four stages of lactation using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between maternal and neonatal factors, and LF concentration. RESULTS We collected 695 milk samples. LF mean concentration±standard deviation was 14.92±7.96 mg ml-1 in colostrum (n=277), 10.73±5.67 in transitional milk (n=55), 10.34±6.27 at 1 month (n=259) and 8.52±6.47 at 2 months (n=104). There was a significant difference in LF concentration between different stages of lactation (P<0.001). Mothers with higher LF concentration in colostrum had higher values in the following 2 months. High maternal income and multiple gestation were significantly associated with higher LF levels; in contrast, maternal peripartum infections and male neonatal gender were associated with lower LF levels. CONCLUSIONS LF concentration in breast milk of mothers of LBW infants was high and remained elevated even at 1 and 2 months postpartum. LF concentration in colostrum was higher in mothers with higher income and multiple pregnancies, and lower in mothers with peripartum infections.
Collapse
|
14
|
Cakebread JA, Callaghan M, Broadhurst M, Harris P, Wheeler TT. Free secretory component from bovine milk aggregates enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and inhibits binding to intestinal cells. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
15
|
Lourenço AG, Komesu MC, Duarte G, Del Ciampo LA, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Yamamoto AY. High Levels of Chemokine C-C Motif Ligand 20 in Human Milk and Its Production by Oral Keratinocytes. Breastfeed Med 2017; 12:116-121. [PMID: 27912038 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2016.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemokine C-C motif ligand 20 (CCL20) is implicated in the formation and function of mucosal lymphoid tissues. Although CCL20 is secreted by many normal human tissues, no studies have evaluated the presence of CCL20 in human milk or its production by oral keratinocytes stimulated by human milk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the presence of CCL20 in breast milk and verify CCL20 secretion in vitro by oral keratinocytes stimulated with human and bovine milk, as well as its possible association with breast milk lactoferrin levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of CCL20 and lactoferrin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in human milk at three different stages of maturation from 74 healthy breastfeeding mothers. In vitro, oral keratinocytes were stimulated with human and bovine milk, and CCL20 was measured in their supernatant. RESULTS High concentrations of CCL20 were detected in the human breast milk samples obtained during the first week (1,777.07 pg/mL) and second week postpartum (1,523.44 pg/mL), with a significantly low concentration in samples at 3-6 weeks postpartum (238.42 pg/mL; p < 0.0001). Human breast milk at different weeks postpartum stimulated higher CCL20 secretion by oral keratinocytes compared with bovine milk (p < 0.05). Such stimulation had no association with breast milk lactoferrin concentration. CONCLUSION CCl20 is present at high levels in human milk, predominantly in the first and second week postpartum, but at significantly lower levels at 3-6 weeks postpartum. Human milk is capable of stimulating CCL20 secretion by oral keratinocytes, and this induction had no association with breast milk lactoferrin concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Lourenço
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marilena C Komesu
- 2 Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Duarte
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz A Del Ciampo
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marisa M Mussi-Pinhata
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aparecida Y Yamamoto
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gregory KE, Samuel BS, Houghteling P, Shan G, Ausubel FM, Sadreyev RI, Walker WA. Influence of maternal breast milk ingestion on acquisition of the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants. MICROBIOME 2016; 4:68. [PMID: 28034306 PMCID: PMC5200970 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-016-0214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The initial acquisition and early development of the intestinal microbiome during infancy are important to human health across the lifespan. Mode of birth, antibiotic administration, environment of care, and nutrition have all been shown to play a role in the assembly of the intestinal microbiome during early life. For preterm infants, who are disproportionately at risk of inflammatory intestinal disease (i.e., necrotizing enterocolitis), a unique set of clinical factors influence the establishment of the microbiome. The purpose of this study was to establish the influence of nutritional exposures on the intestinal microbiome in a cohort of preterm infants early in life. RESULTS Principal component analysis of 199 samples from 30 preterm infants (<32 weeks) over the first 60 days following birth showed that the intestinal microbiome was influenced by postnatal time (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.13), birth weight (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.08), and nutrition (p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.21). Infants who were fed breast milk had a greater initial bacterial diversity and a more gradual acquisition of diversity compared to infants who were fed infant formula. The microbiome of infants fed breast milk were more similar regardless of birth weight (p = 0.049), in contrast to the microbiome of infants fed infant formula, which clustered differently based on birth weight (p < 0.001). By adjusting for differences in gut maturity, an ordered succession of microbial phylotypes was observed in breast milk-fed infants, which appeared to be disrupted in those fed infant formula. Supplementation with pasteurized donor human milk was partially successful in promoting a microbiome more similar to breast milk-fed infants and moderating rapid increases in bacterial diversity. CONCLUSIONS The preterm infant intestinal microbiome is influenced by postnatal time, birth weight, gestational age, and nutrition. Feeding with breast milk appears to mask the influence of birth weight, suggesting a protective effect against gut immaturity in the preterm infant. These findings suggest not only a microbial mechanism underpinning the body of evidence showing that breast milk promotes intestinal health in the preterm infant but also a dynamic interplay of host and dietary factors that facilitate the colonization of and enrichment for specific microbes during establishment of the preterm infant microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. Gregory
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Buck S. Samuel
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Pearl Houghteling
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Guru Shan
- Cooper Medical School, Camden, NJ USA
| | - Frederick M. Ausubel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruslan I. Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - W. Allan Walker
- Department of Pediatrics, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hahn WH, Song JH, Song S, Kang NM. Do gender and birth height of infant affect calorie of human milk? An association study between human milk macronutrient and various birth factors. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:1608-1612. [PMID: 27482600 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1219989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to analyze the macronutrient of human milk (HM) and to find out the various maternal-infantile factors that can affect HM composition. METHODS 478 HM samples were collected from healthy and exclusively breast-feeding mothers who delivered healthy term neonates within 3 months. Macronutrient of the samples was analyzed and the birth data were collected. RESULTS In multivariate logistic regression analysis, various maternal-infantile factors were found to be associated with HM composition changes; higher fat: cesarean section (OR = 2.47, p < 0.001) and birth height (OR = 0.84, p = 0.004); higher protein: postpartum age (OR = 0.89, p < 0.001); higher carbohydrate: vaginal delivery (OR = 0.50, p = 0.005) and female infant (OR = 0.56, p = 0.012); higher calorie: postpartum age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.003), female infant (OR = 0.33, p = 0.017), and birth height (OR = 0.74, p < 0.001). Female infant (OR = 0.36, p = 0.029), birth height (OR = 0.73, p = 0.001), and postpartum age (OR = 0.95, p = 0.005) were found as independent risk factors for higher HM calorie. CONCLUSION Various maternal-infantile factors were found to affect HM composition. Interestingly, delivery mode, gender of infant, and birth height were associated with changes in HM macronutrient as well as postpartum age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Ho Hahn
- a Department of Pediatrics , School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Seoul Hospital , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Hwan Song
- b Department of Pediatrics , School of Medicine, Soon Chun Hyang University, Cheonan Hospital , Cheonan , Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Song
- c Faculty of Art and Philosophy and Faculty of Political and Social Sciences , Ghent University , Belgium , and
| | - Nam Mi Kang
- d Department of Nursing, Konkuk University , Chungju , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Temporal Changes of Protein Composition in Breast Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers and Impact of Caesarean Section Delivery. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8080504. [PMID: 27548208 PMCID: PMC4997417 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human breast milk (BM) protein composition may be impacted by lactation stage or factors related to geographical location. The present study aimed at assessing the temporal changes of BM major proteins over lactation stages and the impact of mode of delivery on immune factors, in a large cohort of urban mothers in China. 450 BM samples, collected in three Chinese cities, covering 8 months of lactation were analyzed for α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, serum albumin, total caseins, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM and IgG) and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 and β2 content by microfluidic chip- or ELISA-based quantitative methods. Concentrations and changes over lactation were aligned with previous reports. α-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, IgA, IgM and TGF-β1 contents followed similar variations characterized by highest concentrations in early lactation that rapidly decreased before remaining stable up to end of lactation. TGF-β2 content displayed same early dynamics before increasing again. Total caseins followed a different pattern, showing initial increase before decreasing back to starting values. Serum albumin and IgG levels appeared stable throughout lactation. In conclusion, BM content in major proteins of urban mothers in China was comparable with previous studies carried out in other parts of the world and C-section delivery had only very limited impact on BM immune factors.
Collapse
|
19
|
Villavicencio A, Rueda MS, Turin CG, Ochoa TJ. Factors affecting lactoferrin concentration in human milk: how much do we know? Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 95:12-21. [PMID: 28075610 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a breast milk glycoprotein with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Its beneficial properties in infants, especially in those born preterm, are currently being studied in clinical trials. However, the maternal and nursing infant factors that may affect LF concentration in breast milk are still not clear. We conducted a systematic review to investigate the factors that may affect the concentration of LF in breast milk. We used a 2-step approach to identify the eligible studies according to inclusion/exclusion criteria, and to determine which studies would be considered. We included 70 qualified articles from 29 countries with publication dates ranging from 1976 to 2015. We described the correlation between LF concentration in breast milk and lactation stage; 10 maternal factors, such as race, parity, among others; and 2 infant factors: infections and prematurity. Colostrum has the highest LF levels, but they decrease with days postpartum. No other factor has been consistently associated with LF concentration. A major limitation of the majority of the published studies is the small sample size and the different methods used to measure LF concentration. Therefore, there is a need for large, multicenter studies with standardized study design, sample collection, and LF measurement methods to identify clinically significant factors associated with LF expression in breast milk, which will help promote exclusive breastfeeding in preterm infants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aasith Villavicencio
- a Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Maria S Rueda
- a Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Christie G Turin
- a Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Alexander von Humboldt", Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 31, Peru
| | - Theresa J Ochoa
- b Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,c University of Texas School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Changes in the Immune Components of Preterm Human Milk and Associations With Maternal and Infant Characteristics. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 45:639-48. [PMID: 27477269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe difference in cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors (CCGFs) and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the breast milk of mothers who gave birth preterm and maternal or infant characteristics related to these immune components. DESIGN A prospective, repeated-measures, one-group design. SETTING Data were collected at an 82-bed NICU in West Central Florida. PARTICIPANTS Seventy-six very-low-birth-weight infants weighing less than 1,500 g and their mothers. METHODS Daily aliquots of breast milk from mothers of preterm infants were collected from the daily infants' feedings and pooled at the end of each week, and CCGFs and sIgA were measured weekly with MagPix multiplexing (Luminex, Austin, TX) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The CCGFs showed high individual variability, but the levels of most CCGFs and sIgA fell over time. Immune variables were generally greater in milk from mothers of infants smaller than 1,000 g. The breast milk of mothers of male preterm infants had significantly greater sIgA than the breast milk of mothers of female preterm infants. We found relationships between age, body mass index, parity, sIgA, and some of the CCGFs in the breast milk of women who gave birth preterm. CONCLUSION Immune molecules declined in concentration over time in the breast milk of mothers who give birth preterm during the NICU stay, and maternal and infant factors appeared to play some role in the levels of these immune molecules. Further exploration of this relationship is warranted.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lönnerdal B, Erdmann P, Thakkar SK, Sauser J, Destaillats F. Longitudinal evolution of true protein, amino acids and bioactive proteins in breast milk: a developmental perspective. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 41:1-11. [PMID: 27771491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The protein content of breast milk provides a foundation for estimating protein requirements of infants. Because it serves as a guideline for regulatory agencies issuing regulations for infant formula composition, it is critical that information on the protein content of breast milk is reliable. We have therefore carried out a meta-analysis of the protein and amino acid contents of breast milk and how they evolve during lactation. As several bioactive proteins are not completely digested in the infant and therefore represent "non-utilizable" protein, we evaluated the quantity, mechanism of action and digestive fate of several major breast milk proteins. A better knowledge of the development of the protein contents of breast milk and to what extent protein utilization changes with age of the infant will help improve understanding of protein needs in infancy. It is also essential when designing the composition of infant formulas, particularly when the formula uses a "staging" approach in which the composition of the formula is modified in stages to reflect changes in breast milk and changing requirements as the infant ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA.
| | - Peter Erdmann
- Nestlé Nutrition, Rue Entre-Deux-Villes 10, CH-1814, La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
| | - Sagar K Thakkar
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000, Lausanne, 26, Switzerland
| | - Julien Sauser
- Nestlé Research Center, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, CH-1000, Lausanne, 26, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Destaillats
- Nestlé Nutrition, Rue Entre-Deux-Villes 10, CH-1814, La Tour-de-Peilz, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Levels of innate immune factors in preterm and term mothers' breast milk during the 1st month postpartum. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1178-93. [PMID: 26891901 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the effect of preterm birth on the immunological composition of breast milk throughout the different stages of lactation. We aimed to characterise the effects of preterm birth on the levels of immune factors in milk during the 1st month postpartum, to determine whether preterm milk is deficient in antimicrobial factors. Colostrum (days 2-5 postpartum), transitional milk (days 8-12) and mature milk (days 26-30) were collected from mothers of extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation, n 15), very preterm (28-<32 weeks of gestation, n 15), moderately preterm (32-<37 weeks of gestation, n 15) and term infants (37-41 weeks of gestation, n 15). Total protein, lactoferrin, secretory IgA, soluble CD14 receptor (sCD14), transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), α defensin 5 (HD5), β defensins 1 (HBD1) and 2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon-γ, TNF-α and lysozyme (LZ) were quantified in milk. We examined the effects of lactation stage, gestational age, volume of milk expressed, mode of delivery, parity and maternal infection on milk immune factor concentrations using repeated-measures regression analysis. The concentrations of all factors except LZ and HD5 decreased over the 1st month postpartum. Extremely preterm mothers had significantly higher concentrations of HBD1 and TGF-β2 in colostrum than term mothers did. After controlling for other variables in regression analyses, preterm birth was associated with higher concentrations of HBD1, LZ and sCD14 in milk samples. In conclusion, preterm breast milk contains significantly higher concentrations of some immune proteins than term breast milk.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ke X, Chen Q, Pan X, Zhang J, Mo W, Ren Y. Quantification of lactoferrin in breast milk by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with isotopic dilution. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27243b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a LC-MS/MS method for quantification of human lactoferrin in breast milk based on tryptic peptides and a synthetic isotopic peptide standard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ke
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jingshun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Weimin Mo
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yiping Ren
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boggs I, Hine B, Smolenski G, Hettinga K, Zhang L, Wheeler TT. Changes in the repertoire of bovine milk proteins during mammary involution. EUPA OPEN PROTEOMICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.euprot.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
25
|
Hoyt AEW, Medico T, Commins SP. Breast Milk and Food Allergy: Connections and Current Recommendations. Pediatr Clin North Am 2015; 62:1493-507. [PMID: 26456446 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk, a living source of nutrition for babies, complements a baby's immune system, supplementing undeveloped defenses with immune factors while creating the foundation for the innate and adaptive immune systems. Such immune development includes tolerance of the environment and, in the case of food allergy, a lack of tolerance. Recent research questions the previous opinion that breast milk is protective against food allergy. This article reviews the immature immune system, the immunology and nutrition of breast milk, the literature exploring breast milk and food allergy, and the current recommendations regarding breast milk and the prevention of food allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice E W Hoyt
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801355, 409 Lane Road MR-4 Building, Room 5051, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Tegan Medico
- University of Virginia, PO Box 801355, 409 Lane Road MR-4 Building, Room 5051, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Scott P Commins
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, 3300 Thurston Building, CB 7280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7280, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smolenski GA, Cursons RT, Hine BC, Wheeler TT. Keratin and S100 calcium-binding proteins are major constituents of the bovine teat canal lining. Vet Res 2015; 46:113. [PMID: 26407704 PMCID: PMC4582823 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine teat canal provides the first-line of defence against pathogenic bacteria infecting the mammary gland, yet the protein composition and host-defence functionality of the teat canal lining (TCL) are not well characterised. In this study, TCL collected from six healthy lactating dairy cows was subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. The abundance and location of selected identified proteins were determined by western blotting and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. The variability of abundance among individual cows was also investigated. Two dominant clusters of proteins were detected in the TCL, comprising members of the keratin and S100 families of proteins. The S100 proteins were localised to the teat canal keratinocytes and were particularly predominant in the cornified outermost layer of the teat canal epithelium. Significant between-animal variation in the abundance of the S100 proteins in the TCL was demonstrated. Four of the six identified S100 proteins have been reported to have antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the TCL has additional functionality beyond being a physical barrier to invading microorganisms. These findings provide new insights into understanding host-defence of the teat canal and resistance of cows to mastitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grant A Smolenski
- Dairy Foods, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand. .,University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
| | | | - Brad C Hine
- CSIRO, Agriculture Flagship, Chiswick, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - Thomas T Wheeler
- Dairy Foods, AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lis-Kuberka J, Kątnik-Prastowska I, Berghausen-Mazur M, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M. Lectin-based analysis of fucosylated glycoproteins of human skim milk during 47 days of lactation. Glycoconj J 2015; 32:665-74. [PMID: 26318738 PMCID: PMC4651984 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-015-9615-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glycoproteins of human milk are multifunctional molecules, and their fucosylated variants are potentially active molecules in immunological events ensuring breastfed infants optimal development and protection against infection diseases. The expression of fucosylated glycotopes may correspond to milk maturation stages. The relative amounts of fucosylated glycotopes of human skim milk glycoproteins over the course of lactation from the 2nd day to the 47th day were analyzed in colostrums, transitional and mature milk samples of 43 healthy mothers by lectin-blotting using α1-2-, α1-6-, and α1-3-fucose specific biotinylated Ulex europaeus (UEA), Lens culinaris (LCA), and Lotus tetragonolobus (LTA) lectins, respectively. The reactivities of UEA and LCA with the milk glycoproteins showed the highest expression of α1-2- and α1-6-fucosylated glycotopes on colostrum glycoproteins. The level of UEA-reactive glycoproteins from the beginning of lactation to the 14th day was high and relatively stable in contrast to LCA-reactive glycoproteins, the level of which significantly decreased from 2–3 to 7–8 days then remained almost unchanged until the 12th–14th days. Next, during the progression of lactation the reactivities with both lectins declined significantly. Eighty percent of α1-2- and/or α1-6-fucosylated glycoproteins showed a high negative correlation with milk maturation. In contrast, most of the analyzed milk glycoproteins were not recognized or weakly recognized by LTA and remained at a low unchanged level over lactation. Only a 30-kDa milk glycoprotein was evidently LTA-reactive, showing a negative correlation with milk maturation. The gradual decline of high expression of α1-2- and α1-6-, but not α1-3-, fucoses on human milk glycoproteins of healthy mothers over lactation was associated with milk maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kątnik-Prastowska
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Berghausen-Mazur
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 3, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Department of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Bujwida 44a, 50-345, Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|