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Kosendiak AA, Adamczak BB, Kuźnik Z, Makles S. Impact of Medical School on the Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Sleep Quality-A Longitudinal Study of Students at Wroclaw Medical University in Poland. Nutrients 2024; 16:278. [PMID: 38257170 PMCID: PMC10819250 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the first year of medical school on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and sleep. To achieve this, first-year medical students at Wroclaw Medical University were invited to participate in the study during both the initial and final months of their first academic year. The study included 570 students in the initial period and 705 in the latter. The research questionnaire comprised the KomPAN, assessing nutritional knowledge, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), evaluating sleep quality. The majority of students demonstrated at least sufficient nutritional knowledge, while approximately two-thirds of students experienced poor sleep in both periods. Notably, sleep quality further deteriorated in the second period (PSQI total score: 6.86 vs. 7.38, p = 0.0157). This change was influenced mainly by a decrease in sleep duration and an increase in the use of sleep medications (both p < 0.0001). The significant difference in overall sleep quality between different nutritional knowledge levels emerged only in the second semester, where students with the highest nutritional knowledge slept the best, while those with the lowest slept the worst (p = 0.0001). Crucially, in both periods, the use of sleep medications was highest among individuals with insufficient nutritional knowledge. Throughout the academic year, the usage increased for all except those with the highest nutritional knowledge, who exhibited the best sleep (p < 0.0001). The escalating use of sleep medications among medical students warrants greater attention, and leveraging the relationship between nutritional knowledge and sleep could prove beneficial, as positive habits in one domain may positively influence the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartosz Bogusz Adamczak
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Kuźnik
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Makles
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Wroclaw Medical University, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abid MT, Banna MHA, Akter S, Brazendale K, Spence C, Begum MUH, Rashid R, Bari FS, Rifat MA, Sultana MS, Khaleduzzaman M, Debnath SC, Mahjabin N, Khan MSI, Hassan MN. Prevalence and predictors of binge eating disorder symptoms among a sample of university students in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional survey. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1668. [PMID: 37920659 PMCID: PMC10618435 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims There is a dearth of information about binge eating disorder (BED) among Bangladeshi university students, who may be more susceptible to BED due to the rise in unhealthy lifestyles and food habits. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of BED symptoms among Bangladeshi university students. Methods Students (N = 525) from three public universities in Bangladesh participated in this cross-sectional study between November 2022 and March 2023. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured paper-based questionnaire that included two validated survey tools; the binge eating disorder screener and the patient health questionnaire-9. To identify the factors associated with BED symptoms, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted, with sociodemographic and behavioral information (e.g., age, sex, smoking status, etc.) considered as covariates. Results The prevalence of BED symptoms among participants (mean age 21.28 years, 50.3% male and 49.7% female) was 20.6%. Male students had a 2.28 times higher likelihood of having BED symptoms compared to female counterparts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.28; 95% CI: 1.33-3.89). Older students (AOR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.80-7.05), students who were overweight or obese (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.87-5.89), and students reporting higher depressive symptoms (AOR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.66-4.35) were at greater risk for developing BED compared to their respective counterparts. Conclusions This study provides new insights into the prevalence of BED symptoms and its contributing factors among Bangladeshi students. Approximately 1-in-5 university students reported having BED symptoms. University students who are older, overweight, or obese, and who report depressive symptoms may be at greatest risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to determine the causal factors underlying BED. Findings from this study can assist policymakers and public health professionals in developing effective and targeted strategies to mitigate the risks associated with BED among Bangladeshi university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tazrian Abid
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Hasan Al Banna
- Department of Food MicrobiologyFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
- Nutrition InitiativeKushtiaBangladesh
| | - Shammy Akter
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food TechnologyFaculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic UniversityKushtiaBangladesh
| | - Keith Brazendale
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Central FloridaOrlandoFloridaUSA
| | - Charles Spence
- Department of Experimental PsychologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Rumana Rashid
- Department of Public Health NutritionPrimeasia UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | | | - M. A. Rifat
- Department of Global Public HealthKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Mst. Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and InformaticsJahangirnagar UniversityDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Khaleduzzaman
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Sourav Chandra Debnath
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Nushrat Mahjabin
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food SciencePatuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Shafiqul Islam Khan
- Department of Food MicrobiologyFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hassan
- Department of Environmental SanitationFaculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityPatuakhaliBangladesh
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder, and is associated with significant comorbidity, with university students being particularly vulnerable. We aimed to assess associations of BED with a wide range of comorbidities and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity in university students, to gain better understanding of its prevalence, correlates and pathophysiology. METHODS We carried out an internet-based survey, assessing presence of BED using a validated structured self-report diagnostic tool, demographics, substance use, impulsive behaviors, psychiatric history, and measures of impulsivity and compulsivity. Approximately 10 000 students were invited to take part. Group differences between students with current BED and students without BED were investigated. RESULTS A total of 3415 students completed the survey, with 83 (2.4%) screening positive for BED. BED was associated with female gender, hazardous/harmful alcohol use, depression and anxiety symptoms, low self-esteem, post-traumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, treatment for psychological/emotional problems (including prescribed medication) and trait impulsivity and compulsivity. However, the largest effect sizes were evident for associations with trait impulsivity and compulsivity. CONCLUSIONS The associations of BED with trait impulsivity and compulsivity implicate these latent phenotypes in its pathophysiology. The identified links between BED and a wide range of mental disorders highlight the need to screen for disordered eating in student populations, including when students present with other mental health conditions.
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Turnbull G, Lego S, Kennedy BL, Alexi J, Li YR, Engel MM, Mann G, Bayliss DM, Farrell S, Bell J. Sizing up the crowd: Assessing spatial integration difficulties in body size judgements across eating disorder symptomatology. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1003250. [PMID: 36687820 PMCID: PMC9853910 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Body size judgements are frequently biased, or inaccurate, and these errors are further exaggerated for individuals with eating disorders. Within the eating disorder literature, it has been suggested that exaggerated errors in body size judgements are due to difficulties with integration. Across two experiments, we developed a novel integration task, named the Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in Virtual Reality (VR), to assess whether nearby bodies influence the perceived size of a single body. VR was used to simulate the appearance of a small crowd around a central target body. Method and Results In Experiment 1 (N = 412), participants were required to judge the size of a central female target within a crowd. Experiment 1 revealed an Ebbinghaus Illusion, in which a central female appeared larger when surrounded by small distractors, but comparatively smaller when surrounded by large distractors. In other words, the findings of Experiment 1 demonstrate that surrounding crowd information is integrated when judging an individual's body size; a novel measure of spatial integration (i.e., an Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in VR). In Experiment 2 (N = 96), female participants were selected based on high (n = 43) and low (n = 53) eating disorder symptomatology. We examined whether the magnitude of this illusion would differ amongst those with elevated versus low eating disorder symptomatology, in accordance with weak central coherence theory, with the high symptomatology group displaying less spatial integration relative to the low group. The results of Experiment 2 similarly found an Ebbinghaus Illusion for Bodies in VR. However, illusion magnitude did not vary across high and low symptomatology groups. Discussion Overall, these findings demonstrate that surrounding crowd information is integrated when judging individual body size; however, those with elevated eating disorder symptomatology did not show any integration deficit on this broader measure of spatial integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Turnbull
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Georgia Turnbull,
| | - Sophia Lego
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Briana L. Kennedy
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joanna Alexi
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Yanqi R. Li
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Manja M. Engel
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Georgina Mann
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Donna M. Bayliss
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Simon Farrell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Bell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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A predictor of emotional eating in adolescents: Social anxiety. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2023; 43:71-75. [PMID: 37032018 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the effect of social anxiety on emotional eating in adolescents. The sample consisted of 1027 adolescents between aged 14-18 studying in the 9-12th grades of the high schools in the Central Anatolia Region in the 2018-2019 academic year. Ethics Committee and institutional permission was obtained in this study, data were collected by a questionnaire, the Social Anxiety Scale for Children-Revised (SASC-R), and The Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Use in Children and Adolescents (EES-C). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test and simple linear regression analysis. Adolescents had a mean SASC-R and EES-C score of 43.49 ± 16.56 and 61.93 ± 18.68, respectively. It was found that there was a relationship between EES-C mean scores and SASC-R mean scores, and they explained 35.0 % of the scores they got from the EES-C scale (p < 0.05). In conclusion, adolescents had moderate emotional eating and social anxiety. The higher the social anxiety, the higher the emotional eating. School personnel, parents and healthcare professionals need education about social anxiety and eating disorders in adolescents in order to detect symptoms early and intervene to better support adolescents struggling with social anxiety.
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Sultana MS, Islam MS, Sayeed A, Koly KN, Baker K, Hossain R, Ahmed S, Ferdous MZ, Mubarak M, Potenza MN, Sikder MT. Food addiction, orthorexia nervosa and dietary diversity among Bangladeshi university students: a large online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:163. [PMID: 36376901 PMCID: PMC9662779 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Maladaptive eating behaviors like food addiction (FA) are common among students, and orthorexia nervosa (ON) is being evaluated as a new condition among eating disorders (EDs). Moreover, dietary diversity (DD) is recognized as an important component of a healthy diet. Thus, the current study sought to examine the prevalence of ON and FA as well as the factors associated with ON, FA, and DD among university students in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Four-thousand-and-seventy-six students were recruited and completed an online survey consisting of the Bratman Orthorexia test, the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale, and a questionnaire based on the Food and Agriculture Organizations' guidelines. Inferential statistics, bivariate and multivariable linear regression were used for analyzing data. RESULTS ON and FA were observed in 1.7% and 7.5% of participants, respectively, with 43.8% exhibiting Health Fanatic eating attitude. The mean DD score was 5.96 (SD = 1.56). Students with ON consumed more legumes, nuts, seeds, and vegetables including dark green leafy vegetables whereas students with FA consumed more organ meats and eggs. Students who were older-aged, married, formerly smoked, had fitness goals, and had guilty feelings about violating food rules were more likely to have ON, whereas those who were female, were married, actively smoked, and were overweight and obese were more likely to have FA. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that students from Bangladesh are at risk of FA, and less so for ON. These entities and low DD deserve more research attention in Bangladesh to increase awareness and ensure appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst. Sadia Sultana
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
- Center for Advanced Research Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Abu Sayeed
- grid.443081.a0000 0004 0489 3643Department of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602 Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar Koly
- grid.414142.60000 0004 0600 7174Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212 Bangladesh
| | - Katya Baker
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rakib Hossain
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Ahmed
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Most. Zannatul Ferdous
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuza Mubarak
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
- grid.414671.10000 0000 8938 4936Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT USA
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neuroscience and Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342 Bangladesh
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The Relationship between Bodyweight Status and Weight Perception Explains Differences in Calories Ordered in a Food Choice Exercise. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061794. [PMID: 34070408 PMCID: PMC8228608 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding food choice is critical to be able to address the rise in obesity rates around the globe. In this paper, we examine the relationship between measured (BMI, using self-reported height and weight) and perceived weight status with the number of calories ordered in a controlled online food choice exercise. A total of 1044 participants completed an online food choice exercise in which they selected ingredients for a sandwich from five categories: meat/protein, cheese, spread/dressing, bread, and vegetables. We examine the number of calories ordered by participants and use linear regression to study the relationship of BMI category relative to self-reported perceived weight status with calories ordered. As a comparison to previous literature, we also examine the relationship between relative weight status and self-reported dieting behavior using logistic regression. We find that participants perceiving themselves to have a higher BMI than their BMI calculated using height and weight ordered significantly fewer calories and were more likely to report dieting than participants who perceived themselves to have a lower BMI than their calculated BMI. The relationship between perceived weight status and measured weight status explains behavior in a food choice task. Understanding how people perceive their weight may help design effective health messages.
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Tiraboschi GA, Superbia-Guimarães L, Piran M, Bruneli GG, Fukusima SS, de Moraes Jr. R. The sex of body images modulates size estimations and lateralized responses in body perception. Laterality 2020; 25:699-721. [DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2020.1840576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Piran
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio S. Fukusima
- Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rui de Moraes Jr.
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Laker V, Waller G. The development of a body comparison measure: the CoSS. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:879-888. [PMID: 31077018 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study reports on the development and validation of a brief and widely applicable measure of body comparison (the Comparison of Self-Scale-CoSS), which is a maintaining feature of eating disorders. METHODS A sample of 412 adults completed the CoSS, an existing measure of aspects of body comparison, and eating pathology and associated states. Test-retest reliability was examined over 2 weeks. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis showed that 22 CoSS items loaded onto two factors, resulting in two scales-Appearance Comparison and Social Comparison-with strong internal consistency and test-retest reliability. CONCLUSIONS In clinical terms, the CoSS was superior to the existing measure of body comparison in accounting for depression and anxiety. Given that it is a relatively brief measure, the CoSS could be useful in the routine assessment of body comparison, and in formulating and treating individuals with body image concerns. However, the measure awaits full clinical validation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Laker
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Glenn Waller
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Oliveira JD, Figueredo L, Cordás TA. Prevalência de comportamentos de risco para transtornos alimentares e uso de dieta “low-carb” em estudantes universitários. JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE PSIQUIATRIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0047-2085000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RESUMO Objetivos Identificar a presença de compulsão alimentar associada ou não a práticas compensatórias em praticantes de dieta low-carb. Métodos Foram utilizadas a Escala de Compulsão Alimentar Periódica (ECAP) e o Questionário de Hay para avaliar a frequência de compulsão alimentar e práticas compensatórias, além de um questionário de frequência do consumo de chocolate, pão e arroz. A intensidade de restrição de carboidratos foi avaliada com escala de 1 a 8 pontos. Os participantes foram divididos nos grupos (i) dieta low-carb e (ii) controle. Foram realizadas comparações entre grupos, além de correlações entre variáveis de interesse no grupo dieta (p < 0,05). Resultados Participaram 853 universitários, sendo 75,97% mulheres com média de 22,04 anos (DP = 3,33) e índice de massa corporal (IMC) com média de 23,56 kg/m2 (DP = 4,38). Do total, 214 fizeram dieta low-carb e 639 não. A prevalência de um alto escore sugestivo de compulsão alimentar sem práticas compensatórias foi de 17,94% (n = 153) e a presença de compulsão alimentar associada com compensação foi de 2,23% (n = 19). No grupo dieta, 35,05% (n = 75) também realizaram jejum intermitente. O grupo dieta atingiu maiores valores para ECAP e IMC e menores para frequência de consumo de arroz e pão francês. Ainda, os escores da ECAP se correlacionaram positivamente com o consumo de chocolate (r = + 0,14 ; p = 0,0377) e valores de IMC (r = + 0,19; p = 0,0042), enquanto a restrição de carboidratos apresentou correlação negativa com o consumo de chocolate (r = - 0,13; p = 0,041), pão francês (r = - 0,20; p = 0,0024) e arroz (r = - 0,36; p = <0,0001). Conclusões Destacam-se a alta prevalência da prática de dieta (25,09%) e os maiores níveis de compulsão alimentar neste grupo, além de menor consumo de arroz e pão francês em relação aos que não fizeram dieta.
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Borderline personality disorder and its association with bipolar spectrum and binge eating disorder in college students from South India. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 44:20-24. [PMID: 31302438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Borderline personality disorder (BPD) usually emerges during adolescence and is associated with severe morbidity. Individuals with BPD are also vulnerable to develop eating disorders as well as mood disorders. OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of borderline personality and its association with binge-eating and bipolar spectrum disorder in college students. METHODS A questionnaire based survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 500 college students (>18 years of age) in medical and engineering campus. Participants were screened on self-report measures including McLean Screening Instrument for BPD (MSI-BPD), Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and Binge-Eating Disorder Screener (BEDS-7) for BPD, bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) and binge-eating disorder (BED), respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of BPD was 76 (15.2%, 95% CI 12.3-18.6), BSD was 43 (8.6%, 95% CI 6.4-11.5) and BED was 48 (9.6%, 95% CI 7.2-12.6). There was a significantly higher proportion of BSD (OR 23.6, 95% CI 11.3-49.3) and BED (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.5) among those with BPD than those without. CONCLUSIONS BPD was found in 15% of adolescents and they have higher proportion of BED and BSD. Early identification may help in planning early intervention strategies to reduce associated morbidity.
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Trindade AP, Appolinario JC, Mattos P, Treasure J, Nazar BP. Eating disorder symptoms in Brazilian university students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:179-187. [PMID: 30328965 PMCID: PMC6781688 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To synthesize the risk of eating disorder (ED) symptoms in Brazilian university students through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Secondary goals were to analyze whether any specific majors were related to higher ED risk and whether any regions of Brazil had higher proportions of college students at risk of ED. Methods: The procedures followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and a search was conducted in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, LILACS, and SciELO). Results: Thirty-three studies were included in the analysis, of which 14 were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies used self-report questionnaires, the most frequent of which was the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). None of the studies used a structured interview to diagnose ED. A meta-analysis of studies with a cutoff ≥ 20 for the EAT-26 (n=5) found 14.9% (95%CI 12.8-17.2%) positive screenings, while those with a cutoff of t ≥ 21 (n=9) found 13.3% (95%CI 11.3-15.6%) positive screenings. There was a significantly higher proportion of positive screenings among nutrition majors than all other majors combined (26.5 and 20.5%, respectively). Conclusion: Nutrition students seem to be at higher risk of ED. Further research should investigate whether positive screenings translate to actual ED diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Trindade
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jose C Appolinario
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janet Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bruno P Nazar
- Grupo de Obesidade e Transtornos Alimentares, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Lewer M, Bauer A, Hartmann AS, Vocks S. Different Facets of Body Image Disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121294. [PMID: 29182531 PMCID: PMC5748745 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of the present review is to give an overview of the current findings on various facets of body image disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder such as body dissatisfaction, overconcern with weight and shape, body-related checking and avoidance behavior, misperception of body size, and body-related cognitive bias. In addition, treatments for a disturbed body image in BED and evidence of body image disturbance in youth with binge eating are reviewed. The results show that a disturbed body image in BED is present in the form of overconcern with weight and shape. Furthermore, there are hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as body-related checking and avoidance behavior, are also impaired. Research concerning misperception of body size in BED has been neglected so far, but first findings show that individuals with BED rate their own body shape rather accurately. Furthermore, there are first hints that body-related cognitive biases are present in individuals with BED. Moreover, in children and adolescents, there are first hints that body dissatisfaction, as well as shape and weight concerns, seem to be associated with loss of control and binge eating. Treatments aimed directly at the convertibility of a disturbed body image in BED have revealed encouraging outcomes. In conclusion, body image disturbance seems to occur in BED, and first studies show that it can be treated effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Lewer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Mental Health Research and Treatment Center, Massenbergstr, 9-13, D-44787 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Anika Bauer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstr. 52, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Andrea S Hartmann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstr. 52, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Silja Vocks
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Universität Osnabrück, Knollstr. 52, D-49069 Osnabrück, Germany.
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Pacheco JP, Giacomin HT, Tam WW, Ribeiro TB, Arab C, Bezerra IM, Pinasco GC. Mental health problems among medical students in Brazil: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:369-378. [PMID: 28876408 PMCID: PMC7111407 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To provide a comprehensive picture of mental health problems (MHPs) in Brazilian medical students by documenting their prevalence and association with co-factors. Methods: We systematically searched the MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, and PsycINFO databases for cross-sectional studies on the prevalence of MHPs among medical students in Brazil published before September 29, 2016. We pooled prevalences using a random-effects meta-analysis, and summarized factors associated with MHP. Results: We included 59 studies in the analysis. For meta-analyses, we identified the summary prevalence of different MHPs, including depression (25 studies, prevalence 30.6%), common mental disorders (13 studies, prevalence 31.5%), burnout (three studies, prevalence 13.1%), problematic alcohol use (three studies, prevalence 32.9%), stress (six studies, prevalence 49.9%), low sleep quality (four studies, prevalence 51.5%), excessive daytime sleepiness (four studies, prevalence 46.1%), and anxiety (six studies, prevalence 32.9%). Signs of lack of motivation, emotional support, and academic overload correlated with MHPs. Conclusion: Several MHPs are highly prevalent among future physicians in Brazil. Evidence-based interventions and psychosocial support are needed to promote mental health among Brazilian medical students.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P Pacheco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Henrique T Giacomin
- Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Wilson W Tam
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tássia B Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Claudia Arab
- Departamento de Cardiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Italla M Bezerra
- Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Gustavo C Pinasco
- Faculdade de Medicina, Escola Superior de Ciências da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Vitória (EMESCAM), Vitória, ES, Brazil
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Laus MF, Kakeshita IS, Costa TMB, Ferreira MEC, Fortes LDS, Almeida SS. Body image in Brazil: recent advances in the state of knowledge and methodological issues. Rev Saude Publica 2015; 48:331-46. [PMID: 24897056 PMCID: PMC4206138 DOI: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze Brazilian literature on body image and the theoretical and
methodological advances that have been made. METHODS A detailed review was undertaken of the Brazilian literature on body image,
selecting published articles, dissertations and theses from the SciELO,
SCOPUS, LILACS and PubMed databases and the CAPES thesis database. Google
Scholar was also used. There was no start date for the search, which used
the following search terms: “body image” AND “Brazil” AND “scale(s)”; “body
image” AND “Brazil” AND “questionnaire(s)”; “body image” AND “Brazil” AND
“instrument(s)”; “body image” limited to Brazil and “body image”. RESULTS The majority of measures available were intended to be used in college
students, with half of them evaluating satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the
body. Females and adolescents of both sexes were the most studied
population. There has been a significant increase in the number of available
instruments. Nevertheless, numerous published studies have used
non-validated instruments, with much confusion in the use of the appropriate
terms (e.g., perception, dissatisfaction, distortion). CONCLUSIONS Much more is needed to understand body image within the Brazilian population,
especially in terms of evaluating different age groups and diversifying the
components/dimensions assessed. However, interest in this theme is
increasing, and important steps have been taken in a short space of
time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Elisa Caputo Ferreira
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Leonardo de Sousa Fortes
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brasil
| | - Sebastião Sousa Almeida
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Scarpina F, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E. Tactile mental body parts representation in obesity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 220:960-9. [PMID: 25312390 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obese people׳s distortions in visually-based mental body-parts representations have been reported in previous studies, but other sensory modalities have largely been neglected. In the present study, we investigated possible differences in tactilely-based body-parts representation between an obese and a healthy-weight group; additionally we explore the possible relationship between the tactile- and the visually-based body representation. Participants were asked to estimate the distance between two tactile stimuli that were simultaneously administered on the arm or on the abdomen, in the absence of visual input. The visually-based body-parts representation was investigated by a visual imagery method in which subjects were instructed to compare the horizontal extension of body part pairs. According to the results, the obese participants overestimated the size of the tactilely-perceived distances more than the healthy-weight group when the arm, and not the abdomen, was stimulated. Moreover, they reported a lower level of accuracy than did the healthy-weight group when estimating horizontal distances relative to their bodies, confirming an inappropriate visually-based mental body representation. Our results imply that body representation disturbance in obese people is not limited to the visual mental domain, but it spreads to the tactilely perceived distances. The inaccuracy was not a generalized tendency but was body-part related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scarpina
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy.
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Psychology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo (VCO), Italy; Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy
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Chang EC, Kahle ER, Yu EA, Hirsch JK. Behavioral Inhibition System and Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) Motives and Loneliness as Predictors of Eating Disturbances in Female College Students: Interpersonal Context Matters. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2014.33.3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Lo Coco G, Salerno L, Bruno V, Caltabiano ML, Ricciardelli LA. Binge eating partially mediates the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and psychological distress in obese treatment seeking individuals. Eat Behav 2014; 15:45-8. [PMID: 24411749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We compared the binge eating pathway linking body image dissatisfaction (BID) and psychological distress of obese adults entering and not entering psychological treatment for their weight problems. METHOD 90 obese participants seeking an integrated treatment (OB-IT) and 87 obese participants seeking only medical treatment (OB-MT) for their weight problems completed questionnaires on BID, binge eating and psychological well-being. RESULTS Only in the OB-IT group, binge eating behaviors mediated the relationship between BID and psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Both BID and binge eating behaviors need to be addressed in the psychological and medical treatment for obesity to enhance psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lo Coco
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Laura Salerno
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 15, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bruno
- Center of Eating Disorders Ce.Di.Al., ASP Palermo, Via Papa Sergio I, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marie Louise Caltabiano
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Lina A Ricciardelli
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
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Wiedemann AA, Saules KK. The relationship between emotional eating and weight problem perception is not a function of body mass index or depression. Eat Behav 2013; 14:525-8. [PMID: 24183150 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Weight problem perception (WPP) refers to the belief that one is overweight. Previous research suggests that WPP, even in the absence of actual overweight status, is associated with disordered eating, binge eating, and body image dissatisfaction. However, the relationship between emotional eating, BMI, and WPP has not yet been explored. This investigation recruited a total of 409 college students who completed a web-based survey. An additional 76 participants were recruited to complete an identical survey with the addition of a depression measure to evaluate the contribution of this potentially important covariate. As hypothesized, WPP was associated with emotional eating, while actual BMI was not. In the second sample, WPP remained significantly associated with emotional eating, even after depression was included as a covariate. Results suggest that non-overweight young adults who express the belief that they are overweight may be at risk for emotional eating, which, over the long term, could indeed adversely impact BMI. Cognitive approaches to address disordered eating may benefit from addressing WPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Wiedemann
- Eastern Michigan University, Psychology Department, Ypsilanti, MI, United States.
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Verstuyf J, Vansteenkiste M, Soenens B, Boone L, Mouratidis A. Daily Ups and Downs in Women's Binge Eating Symptoms: The Role of Basic Psychological Needs, General Self-Control, and Emotional Eating. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2013.32.3.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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