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Zhang S, Chen C, Zhou Y, Pan M, Li H, Zhao M, Dong M, Si F, Liu L, Wang Y, Qian Q. The Chinese Version of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS): A Study on Reliability, Validity, and Clinical Utility. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2024; 20:1025-1040. [PMID: 38764747 PMCID: PMC11102070 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s463974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the further development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research, more and more assessment tools related to ADHD have been used. However, there is still no measurement instrument to evaluate the compensatory behavior of ADHD in China. This study aimed to examine the reliability and validity of the Compensatory ADHD Behaviors Scale (CABS) adapted in Chinese and explore ecological characteristics in adults with ADHD using the CABS. Patients and Methods Data were collected from a sample of 306 adults (Mage = 26.43 years, SD = 5.32; 46.08% male). The original version CABS was translated into Chinese using the forward and backward translation procedures. Participants completed the CABS and questionnaires assessing ADHD symptoms and executive function. We utilized content validity, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and criterion validity to test the validity. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were employed to test the reliability. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to compare ADHD subgroups based on gender, ADHD subtype, comorbidities, and medication status, while controlling for demographic variables as covariates. Results CABS exhibited good construct validity (two factors: present-oriented and future-oriented), content validity (content validity index: 0.98), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient: 0.85 to 0.87) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.59 to 0.88). The results of CFA showed acceptable fitness for each subscale. CABS demonstrated significant associations with inattention symptoms and plan/organizational abilities. Medicated ADHD individuals scored higher on future-oriented effectiveness subscale of CABS than non-medicated (F = 6.106, p = 0.014). Conclusion The results indicate that the Chinese CABS exhibited good validity and reliability. It can be considered a valid tool for assessing compensatory behaviors in Chinese adults with ADHD. Further research is needed to explore the connection between medication and compensatory behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caili Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meirong Pan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haimei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Zhao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Dong
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiujin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital/ Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, People’s Republic of China
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Chou T, Dougherty DD, Nierenberg AA, Ghaznavi S. Rumination in bipolar disorder associated with brain network and behavioural measures of inhibitory executive control. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2024; 36:39-43. [PMID: 37622320 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2023.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rumination is a passive form of negative self-focused cognition that predicts depressive episodes for individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Individuals with BD also have impaired inhibitory executive control; rumination in BD may therefore reflect executive dysfunction. We investigated the relationship between a neural measure of executive functioning (functional connectivity between the frontoparietal control network [FPCN] and the default mode network [DMN] during an effortful task), behavioural measures of executive functioning (the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function) and rumination (the Ruminative Responses Scale). METHODS Fifteen individuals with BD and fifteen healthy controls underwent MRI scans during mental distraction. Using CONN toolbox, between-network FPCN-DMN connectivity values were calculated. We conducted Pearson's r bivariate correlations between connectivity values, BRIEF and RRS scores. RESULTS RRS scores were positively correlated with BRIEF Behavioral Regulation Index (BRI) scores. In individuals with BD, there was a positive correlation between FPCN-DMN functional connectivity during distraction and BRIEF BRI scores. FPCN-DMN functional connectivity was also positively correlated with RRS ruminative brooding scores. Healthy controls did not show significant correlations between these behavioural and neural measures of executive functioning and rumination. CONCLUSION For individuals with BD, the greater the tendency to ruminate and the higher the executive dysfunction, the stronger the connectivity between an executive control network and a network involved in rumination during an unrelated cognitive task. This could reflect continual attempts to inhibit ruminative thinking and shift back to the distraction task. Therefore, engagement in rumination may reflect failed inhibitory executive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Darin D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Nierenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sharmin Ghaznavi
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Easson K, Khairy M, Rohlicek CV, Gilbert G, Majnemer A, Nguyen K, Luu TM, Couture É, Nuyt A, Deoni SCL, Descoteaux M, Brossard‐Racine M. White matter microstructure is differently associated with executive functioning in youth born with congenital heart disease and youth born preterm. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3308. [PMID: 37997566 PMCID: PMC10726855 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Executive function deficits and adverse psychological outcomes are common in youth with congenital heart disease (CHD) or born preterm. Association white matter bundles play a critical role in higher order cognitive and emotional functions and alterations to their microstructural organization may result in adverse neuropsychological functioning. This study aimed to examine the relationship of myelination and axon density and orientation alterations within association bundles with executive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and resilience in youth with CHD or born preterm. METHODS Youth aged 16 to 26 years born with complex CHD or preterm at ≤33 weeks of gestational age and healthy controls completed a brain MRI and self-report assessments of executive functioning, psychosocial well-being, and resilience. Multicomponent driven equilibrium single-pulse observation of T1 and T2 and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging were used to calculate average myelin water fraction (MWF), neurite density index (NDI), and orientation dispersion index values for eight bilateral association bundles. The relationships of bundle-average metrics with neuropsychological outcomes were explored with linear regression and mediation analyses. RESULTS In the CHD group, lower MWF in several bundles was associated with poorer working memory and behavioral self-monitoring and mediated self-monitoring deficits relative to controls. In the preterm group, lower NDI in several bundles was associated with poorer emotional control and lower MWF in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus III mediated planning/organizing deficits relative to controls. No significant relationships were observed for psychosocial well-being or resilience. CONCLUSION The findings of this study suggest that microstructural alterations to association bundles, including lower myelination and axon density, have different relationships with executive functioning in youth with CHD and youth born preterm. Future studies should aim to characterize other neurobiological, social, and environmental influences that may interact with white matter microstructure and neuropsychological functioning in these at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Easson
- Advances in Brain & Child Development (ABCD) Research LaboratoryResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - May Khairy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Charles V. Rohlicek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of CardiologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | | | - Annette Majnemer
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeurologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Kim‐Anh Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyJewish General HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Thuy Mai Luu
- Department of PediatricsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte‐JustineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Élise Couture
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anne‐Monique Nuyt
- Department of PediatricsCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte‐JustineMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sean C. L. Deoni
- Advanced Baby Imaging LabBrown UniversityProvidenceRhode IslandUSA
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL)Université de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada
- Imeka Solutions Inc.SherbrookeQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Brossard‐Racine
- Advances in Brain & Child Development (ABCD) Research LaboratoryResearch Institute of the McGill University Health CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of NeonatologyMontreal Children's HospitalMontrealQuebecCanada
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine & Health SciencesMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Albuquerque CP, Moura O, Vilar M, Seabra-Santos MJ, Pereira M, Major S, Moreira A, Lopes AF, Gaudêncio A, Simões MR. BRIEF-A: Factor structure and measurement invariance across self-report and informant forms. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37988689 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2023.2283080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzes the psychometric properties of the two forms (self-report and informant) of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult version (BRIEF-A) in a sample of healthy Portuguese adults. METHOD The participants were 608 adults, 304 of whom answered the self-report form (ages 18-59; 137 male and 167 female) and 304 who answered the informant form (ages 18-70; 110 male and 194 female). RESULTS The internal consistency for the indexes and the Global Executive Composite was very good (≥.90), whereas for the scales they were either acceptable (between .70 and .80) or good (≥.80), except for the Inhibit scale in both forms. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test seven competing factor models for each of the forms. The original two-factor model (Behavioral Regulation and Metacognition Indexes) showed a slightly better model fit than the three-factor model (Behavioral Regulation, Emotional Regulation, and Metacognition Indexes) in both forms. The multiple-group analysis of the two-correlated-factor model across forms was supported (configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the BRIEF-A showed adequate psychometric properties, suggesting that it is a useful instrument to assess everyday executive functioning in healthy Portuguese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina P Albuquerque
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Octávio Moura
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Vilar
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria João Seabra-Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marcelino Pereira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Major
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- University of the Azores, Azores, Portugal
| | - André Moreira
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Lopes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Serviço de Psicologia do Hospital Garcia da Orta, Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança Torrado da Silva, Almada, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Gaudêncio
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mário R Simões
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioural Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Myklebost SB, Nordgreen T, Klakegg OS, Hammar Å. Long-term outcomes of an internet-delivered cognitive enhancement intervention targeting residual cognitive deficits after major depressive disorder: a 2-year follow-up of an open trial. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1194689. [PMID: 37655198 PMCID: PMC10466045 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficits are common and disabling residual symptoms following major depressive disorder (MDD) and are related to increased risk of relapse. Residual cognitive deficits should thus be considered an important target for treatment. However, few have reported long-term outcomes of interventions targeting residual cognitive deficits. Objective This study aimed to (1) investigate change between pre-treatment and 2-year follow-up assessments in cognitive deficits, rumination, and symptoms of MDD after an internet-delivered intervention targeting residual cognitive deficits; (2) to investigate stability in outcomes between 6-month and 2-year follow-up assessments; (3) to report the number of participants' experiencing a new episode of MDD in the follow-up period; and (4) to investigate differences in outcomes between those who experienced a new episode of MDD and those who did not. Methods A total of 43 partly remitted adults were included to test a guided internet-delivered intervention, which consisted of 10 modules involving psychoeducation, cognitive strategies, and attention training. Participants were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, after 6-months, and after 2-years, with measures assessing self-reported residual cognitive deficits, rumination, symptoms of MDD and relapse. Overall, 32 participants completed the 2-year follow-up assessment. Results Between the pre-treatment and 2-year follow-up assessments, there was a reduction in cognitive deficits and rumination, while there was an increase in symptoms of MDD. Cognitive deficits were stable between the 6-month and the 2-year follow-up, while there was an increase in rumination and symptoms of MDD. Thirteen of 32 participants reported a new episode of MDD during the follow-up period. The relapse group reported longer duration of MDD at pre-treatment and showed a difference in all outcomes after 2 years compared to the no-relapse group. The no-relapse group showed improvement in MDD symptoms at post-treatment, while the relapse group did not. Conclusion Delivering cognitive enhancement interventions over the internet is potentially related to stable improvements in residual cognitive deficits. The effects on rumination and symptoms of MDD are less certain. Lack of improvement in MDD symptoms after the intervention period should be investigated as an indicator of relapse. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the lack of control group and sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Brurok Myklebost
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Oda Stakkestad Klakegg
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Office for Psychiatry and Habilitation, Psychiatry Research Skåne, Skåne, Sweden
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Letourneau N, Anis L, Novick J, Pohl C, Ntanda H, Hart M. Impacts of the Attachment and Child Health (ATTACH TM) Parenting Program on Mothers and Their Children at Risk of Maltreatment: Phase 2 Results. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3078. [PMID: 36833770 PMCID: PMC9961631 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early adversity (e.g., family violence, parental depression, low income) places children at risk for maltreatment and negatively impacts developmental outcomes. Optimal parental reflective function (RF), defined as the parent's ability to think about and identify thoughts, feelings, and mental states in themselves and in their children, is linked to secure attachment and may protect against suboptimal outcomes. We present the results of Phase 2 randomized control trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies (QES) of the Attachment and Child Health (ATTACHTM) parental RF intervention for families with children at risk for maltreatment. Phase 2 parents experiencing adversity, along with their children aged 0-5 years (n = 45), received the 10-12-week ATTACHTM intervention. Building on completed Phase 1 pilot data, Phase 2 examined outcomes of long-standing interest, including parental RF and child development, as well as new outcomes, including parental perceived social support and executive function, and children's behavior, sleep, and executive function. RCTs and QES revealed significant improvements in parents' RF, perception of social support, and executive function, children's development (i.e., communication, problem-solving, personal-social, and fine motor skills), and a decrease in children's sleep and behavioral problems (i.e., anxiety/depression, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems), post-intervention. ATTACH™ positively impacts parental RF to prevent negative impacts on children at risk of maltreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Letourneau
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Faculty of Nursing, and Cumming School of Medicine, Departments of Pediatrics, Psychiatry and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lubna Anis
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jason Novick
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Carrie Pohl
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Henry Ntanda
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Martha Hart
- Owerko Centre for Children’s Neurodevelopment and Mental Health, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Autism traits and real-world executive functioning in parents of children with disabilities and undergraduates. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Wang X, Song X, Jin Y, Zhan X, Cao M, Guo X, Liu S, Ou X, Gu T, Jing J, Cai L, Li X. Association between dietary quality and executive functions in school-aged children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940246. [PMID: 35990364 PMCID: PMC9386179 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is well known that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) had executive functions deficit. However, it is still unclear whether the poor dietary quality is related to the impairment of executive functions. The current study aimed to explore the association between dietary quality and executive functions in children with ASD. Methods A total of 106 children with ASD (7.7 ± 1.3 years) and 207 typically developing (TD) children (7.8 ± 1.3 years) were enrolled from Guangzhou, China. The Chinese version of Behavior Rating Scale of Executive function (BRIEF), the working memory subscales of the Chinese version of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), and the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) were used to measure the participant's executive functions. The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect the dietary intake information, and the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI_16) was used to evaluate the dietary quality. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the association between dietary quality and executive functions. Results In children with ASD, Low Bound Score (LBS) was positively correlated with the working memory subscale score of BRIEF (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.02–0.44, P < 0.05), while High Bound Score (HBS) and LBS were positively correlated with the organizable subscale score of BRIEF (β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.11–0.77, P < 0.01; β = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.01–0.37, P < 0.05). Compared to TD children, children with ASD had a higher proportion of moderate and high levels of insufficient dietary intake (moderate level, 37.7% vs. 23.2%, high level, 4.7% vs. 1.4%) and moderate level of unbalanced dietary intake (36.8% vs.21.3%), higher scores on all subscales of BRIEF (P < 0.01), and lower score on the working memory (81.3 ± 32.3 vs. 104.6 ± 12.5, P < 0.01), while there was no difference on the SCWT. Conclusion Poor dietary quality was associated with the impairment of working memory and organizational capacity in children with ASD. This study emphasized the importance of dietary quality in executive functions among children with ASD, and attention should be paid to improving their dietary quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Jin
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muqing Cao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuning Guo
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfeng Gu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mohammadnia S, Bigdeli I, Mashhadi A, Ghanaei Chamanabad A, Roth RM. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function - adult version (BRIEF-A) in Iranian University students: Factor structure and relationship to depressive symptom severity. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. ADULT 2022; 29:786-792. [PMID: 32866045 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1810689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is the most common psychiatric illness in Iran, and depression is common among university students in the country. The presence of depression is frequently associated with problems in executive functioning. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) is a questionnaire measure designed to assess executive functioning in everyday life in clinical and non-clinical populations. Currently, there is limited empirical validation of the measure for use in Iran. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Persian-language BRIEF-A in a sample of Iranian university students (n = 300). The factor structure of the BRIEF-A was examined via a confirmatory factor analysis. We also evaluated whether BRIEF-A scores differed among university students varying in severity of depressive symptoms (Minimal, Mild, Moderate, Severe) as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory - II. Results indicated that a two-factor model structure best fit the data for the BRIEF-A. Acceptable internal consistency was also observed. Furthermore, poorer subjective executive functioning was endorsed by the three depressive subgroups relative to the Minimal symptoms group. Together, these findings support a two-factor model for the Persian translation of the BRIEF-A, and indicate that more severe depressive symptoms in Iranian university students is associated with worse subjective executive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mohammadnia
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Imanollah Bigdeli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Mashhadi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanaei Chamanabad
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education Sciences and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Robert M Roth
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychology Program, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth/DHMC, Lebanon, NH, USA
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Engel-Yeger B, Zilbershlag Y. Fall risk in older adults mediates the association between depression, executive dysfunction and daily life. Br J Occup Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/03080226211072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The present study aimed to identify signs of frequent fall-related body dysfunction (depression/cognition) as exhibited in daily activities among older adults. The role of fall risk in mediating body dysfunction and daily activities was also explored. Method Participants included 123 non-institutionalised older adults. Depression and cognitive status were measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Fall risk was determined by a questionnaire, supported by the Time Up and Go test (TUG). Executive functions (EF) were assessed by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version (BRIEF-A) and the Alternate Executive Function Performance Test medication management performance-based assessment. Daily life measures included the Barthel and Instrumental scale of activities of daily living, and World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire. Results Based on a falls risk score, 39 out of 123 participants (32%) were high-risk fallers. High-risk fallers showed greater body dysfunction, as recognised in daily activities. Structural equation modelling (SEM) revealed that fall risk mediated the associations among depression, executive dysfunction and daily activities. Conclusion Emotional and cognitive dysfunctions that affect people with high fall risk may manifest while older people perform daily activities. Community fall prevention programmes should screen for such fall-related dysfunction and provide strategies to minimise falls and enhance daily function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batya Engel-Yeger
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Social Welfare & Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yael Zilbershlag
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Allied Professions, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
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11
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Mol TI, van Bennekom CAM, Scholten EWM, Post MWM. Measures of self-regulation used in adult rehabilitation populations: A systematic review and content screening. Clin Rehabil 2022; 36:1120-1138. [PMID: 35473388 PMCID: PMC9284405 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221091510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to identify generic measures of self-regulation and to examine the
degree to which these measures fit a recently developed conceptual model of
self-regulation in a rehabilitation context. Data sources Pubmed, Embase, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched. Review methods Articles were included if they were published between January 2015 and August
2020 and reported on empirical studies (trials and observational studies)
using a measure of self-regulation or a related concept, in an adult
rehabilitation population. Main content was analysed by linking all items of
the selected measures to one or more of the six sub-themes of
self-regulation: (1) insight into physical and cognitive impairments, (2)
insight into the consequences of the impairments, (3) insight into
abilities, (4) to be able to communicate limitations, (5) trust in body and
functioning, and (6) make use of abilities. Results Two reviewers independently screened 7808 abstracts, resulting in the
inclusion of 236 articles. In these articles, 80 different measures were
used to assess self-regulation or related concept. Nineteen of these
measures met the inclusion criteria and were included for the content
analyses. Nine of these were self-efficacy measures. No measures covered
four or more of the six sub-themes of self-regulation. The three sub-themes
on gaining insights were covered less compared to the sub-domains ‘trust’
and ‘make use of abilities’. Conclusions Many measures on self-regulation exist None of these measures cover all six
sub-themes of self-regulation considered important to measure
self-regulation as a rehabilitation outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Mol
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, 526115UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,84792Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - C A M van Bennekom
- 100506Heliomare Rehabilitation Center, Research and Development, Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.,522567Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E W M Scholten
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, 526115UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M W M Post
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, 526115UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,84792Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Myklebost SB, Gjestad R, Inal Y, Hammar Å, Nordgreen T. Predictors of Treatment Response to an Internet-Delivered Intervention Targeting Residual Cognitive Symptoms After Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:795698. [PMID: 35418884 PMCID: PMC8995427 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.795698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Residual cognitive symptoms after depression are common and associated with reduced daily life functioning and an increased risk of depression relapse. There is a lack of knowledge on treatments targeting residual cognitive symptoms after major depressive disorder (MDD), including the factors associated with treatment response. The aim of the current study is to explore factors of treatment response to a guided internet-delivered intervention for former depressed adults experiencing residual cognitive symptoms. METHOD Forty-three former depressed adults with residual cognitive symptoms were included. Linear mixed model analyses were used to investigate the impact of pre-treatment demographic-, illness, and symptom variables, and therapy process variables, such as credibility, expectancy, and user behavior, on reduction in residual cognitive symptoms from pre-treatment to 6-month follow-up. RESULTS Having had MDD for a year or less predicted more reductions in residual cognitive symptoms from pre- to 6-month follow-up. Higher levels of perceived treatment credibility and expectancy evaluated in the early course of treatment did also predict a positive treatment response. No demographic-, symptom-variables, previous number of episodes with MDD, and user behavior were associated with change in residual cognitive symptoms. CONCLUSION This study suggests that individuals with shorter duration of previous depressions might have larger reductions in residual cognitive symptoms at 6-month follow-up compared to those with a longer duration of depression. Treatment credibility and expectancy also predicted treatment response and effort should also be made to ensure interventions credibility. Results should be interpreted with caution due to the study having a low sample size. Further investigation of predictors should be conducted in a full scale randomized controlled trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Brurok Myklebost
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Yavuz Inal
- Department of Design, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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13
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Nonmedical Prescription Opioid Use among a Sample of College Students: Prevalence and Predictors. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9020106. [PMID: 34071670 PMCID: PMC8167772 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9020106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmedical use of prescription opioid medication (NMPO) in the United States is a public health crisis, resulting in high rates of emergency room visits, morbidity, and mortality. The purpose of this study was to explore prevalence estimates and correlates of NMPO among a convenience sample of college students in the northeast and southeast regions of the US to help generate directions for future research. Motivations for misuse, age of onset, access, concomitant substance use, and individual factors were investigated among a sample of undergraduate students from two universities. Participants (N = 847) completed a battery of various self-report measures. Findings revealed that 7.7% (Southeastern University) and 12.8% of students (Northeastern University) reported lifetime NMPO, whereas past-month NMPO was reported by 0.8% and 0.9% of participants, respectively. Lifetime history of regularly using alcohol, nonmedical use of benzodiazepine medication, nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and executive functioning (i.e., metacognition and behavioral regulation) were significantly related to lifetime history of NMPO in this college sample. These findings offer several potential subsequent lines of investigation regarding the associations between various demographic and psychological factors and NMPO. Future research is needed to help identify college students who are at risk of NMPO.
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14
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Gisbert Gustemps L, Lugo Marín J, Setien Ramos I, Ibañez Jimenez P, Romero Santo-Tomás O, Jurado Luque MJ, Ballester Navarro P, Esteve Cruella A, Díez Villoria E, Canal Bedia R, Ramos Quiroga JA. Sleep disturbances in autism spectrum disorder without intellectual impairment: relationship with executive function and psychiatric symptoms. Sleep Med 2021; 83:106-114. [PMID: 33991890 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, frequently accompanied by medical and psychiatric pathology. One of the most commonly found problems associated with ASD is sleep disturbances, which are estimated to affect approximately 80% of the people with ASD, not only during childhood but also in the adolescence and adult stages. Nevertheless, the relationship of these sleep difficulties with autism severity, as well as other associated impairments such as executive functioning and psychiatric disorders (eg, depression), has not yet been widely studied. The main objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between sleep disturbances, subjective measures of executive function, and psychiatric pathology in the ASD population. To reach that goal, a group of 89 participants with ASD (44 children/adolescents and 45 adults) was recruited and evaluated with self-reported measures of executive function performance and psychiatric pathology tests. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between sleep disturbances and psychiatric symptoms in both ASD groups, with greater sleep disturbances predicting more severe psychiatric pathology. No significant association was found with executive function in any group. Limitations included a small sample size and lack of objective measures. Sleep problems seem to be associated with the severity of psychiatric pathology throughout the lifespan, increasing the chance of developing psychiatric symptoms when they were present. Improving sleep quality in ASD at all ages may result in preventing and/or decreasing psychiatric pathology in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gisbert Gustemps
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Lugo Marín
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Imanol Setien Ramos
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pol Ibañez Jimenez
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | - Pura Ballester Navarro
- Neuropharmacology on Pain and Functional Diversity (NED) Research Group, Alicante Institute of Sanitary and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Organic Chemistry and Pediatrics, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | | | - Emiliano Díez Villoria
- Centro de Atención Integral al Autismo-InFoAutismo, INICO-Instituto Universitario de Integración en la Comunidad, University of Salamanca. Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Canal Bedia
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Myklebost SB, Nordgreen T, Hammar Å. An open pilot study of an internet-delivered intervention targeting self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms after major depressive disorder. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2021; 29:1595-1604. [PMID: 33813984 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1901706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Residual cognitive symptoms are associated with reduced daily life functioning, quality of life and represent a risk factor for relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD). There are few studies targeting self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms after MDD. The current open pilot study examines clinical outcomes and feasibility of a novel internet-delivered cognitive enhancement treatment for mood disorders specifically tailored to target self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms after MDD. A total of 43 adults with self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms after MDD were included. Participants were assessed pre- and post-treatment and at 6-month follow-up. The intervention consists of 10 modules that includes psychoeducation, cognitive strategies, and attention training, coupled with weekly therapist guidance. Results showed a significant reduction from pre- to post-treatment in self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms (d = 0.98) and rumination (d = 0.63). Results remained significant at the 6-month follow-up (d = 1.06; d = 0.86). Reliable change in self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms were obtained in 60% of the participants from pre- to post-treatment. Completion rates (86%) and treatment satisfaction (97%) were high. This open pilot study supports that targeting self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms after MDD through internet-delivered cognitive enhancement therapy for mood disorders may be feasible and provide stable reductions in self-perceived residual cognitive symptoms and rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tine Nordgreen
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Åsa Hammar
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Brokke SS, Landrø NI, Haaland VØ. Cognitive Control in Suicide Ideators and Suicide Attempters. Front Psychol 2020; 11:595673. [PMID: 33424712 PMCID: PMC7785752 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.595673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to understand more of the risk factors involved in the process from suicide ideation to suicide attempt. Cognitive control processes may be important factors in assessing vulnerability to suicide. A version of the Stroop procedure, Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Color-Word Interference Test (CWIT) and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A) were used in this study to test attention control and cognitive shift, as well as to assess everyday executive function of 98 acute suicidal psychiatric patients. The Columbia Suicide History Form (CSHF) was used to identify a group of suicide ideators and suicide attempters. Results showed that suicide attempters scored lower on attention control than suicide ideators who had no history of attempted suicide. The self-report in the BRIEF-A inventory did not reflect any cognitive differences between suicide ideators and suicide attempters. A logistic regression analysis showed that a poorer attention control score was associated with the suicide attempt group, whereas a poorer cognitive shift score was associated with the suicide ideation group. The results found in this study suggest that suicide attempters may struggle with control of attention or inhibiting competing responses but not with cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Støle Brokke
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Nils Inge Landrø
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vegard Øksendal Haaland
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital HF, Kristiansand, Norway
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17
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Keen L, George L, Williams G, Blanden G, Ramirez M. Assessing the validity of the Self-Report Webexec Questionnaire: Self-report vs performance neurocognitive inferences. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:1030-1038. [PMID: 33949904 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1843041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Webexec is a self-reported neuropsychological measure, which previous research suggests is associated with personality and executive functions. Though the Webexec could be useful for brief neuropsychological assessment, there is limited literature examining its validity. The current study's purpose was to determine Webexec's validity and association with mood symptomatology in two Historically Black College or University (HBCU) undergraduate student samples. Study 1 employed a neurocognitive battery for convergent validity testing, while the second study utilized psychological measures to determine the Webexec's association with mood-based symptomatology. Study 1 included 149 participants, with a mean age of 20.08 (SD = 1.75) years. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Webexec, and a neuropsychological battery. The neuropsychological battery measured verbal fluency, visual scanning, and working memory. The Webexec was positively associated with working memory (r = 0.18, p = 0.03), but no other neuropsychological measures. Study 2 utilized an online survey with 799 HBCU participants. Results suggest Webexec was associated with depressive symptomatology (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), anxiety symptomatology (r = 0.39, p = 0.01), and impulsivity (r = 0.21, p = 0.01). Taken together, results from both studies suggest the Webexec is not consistently associated with performance measures of executive function and maybe more consistent with self-reported psychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry Keen
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Lauren George
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Georgia Williams
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Gwenna Blanden
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
| | - Mara Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA, USA
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18
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Schippers EE, Hoogsteder LM, Stams GJJ. Responsive Aggression Regulation Therapy (Re‐ART) Improves Executive Functioning in Adolescents and Young Adults with Severe Aggression Problems: A Pilot Study. J Forensic Sci 2020; 65:2058-2064. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Geert Jan J.M. Stams
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Forensic Child and Youth Care University of Amsterdam Postbus 15776 Amsterdam Noord‐Holland1001 NGThe Netherlands
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19
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Black CFD, Barker TV, Fisher P. Measurement of parental executive function in early childhood settings: Instrument reliability and validity in community-led research projects. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 48:2277-2289. [PMID: 32667059 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of early childhood (EC) parenting programs target adult executive function (EF) to build responsive parenting behaviors and to promote positive child development. Although measurement of EF is well understood in academic research, little work has examined EF measurement in community settings. The present study examined psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version among 203 parents whose children were enrolled in EC programs serving under-resourced communities. We calculated Cronbach's α and mean-item correlations to test internal consistency reliability. To test factor structure, we conducted exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. Results suggest adequate internal consistency and that factor structures, beyond the original proposed, are appropriate for our community sample. Together, findings indicate that self-report measures of adult EF may perform differently for families experiencing adversity, raising questions about the acceptability of clinical EF tools in in underserved communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyson V Barker
- Center for Translational Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Philip Fisher
- Center for Translational Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
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20
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Vega D, Torrubia R, Marco-Pallarés J, Soto A, Rodriguez-Fornells A. Metacognition of daily self-regulation processes and personality traits in borderline personality disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 267:243-250. [PMID: 32217224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) are characterized by impoverished self-regulatory mechanisms and self-image distortions. An intriguing question is to what extent BPD individuals develop accurate perceptions of their self-regulatory everyday functioning. Here, we tackle this issue evaluating their metacognitive abilities. METHODS One hundred and forty-four participants were enrolled in the study and divided into a BPD group and a healthy Control group, with each consisting of 36 participants paired with their corresponding close relatives. We compared self-report evaluations of the participants' self-regulatory processes in daily-life activities and personality traits with external perceptions by close relatives, as a measure of metacognition. The ratings from participants and their informants were compared using an ANCOVA profile analysis. RESULTS Self-report results showed poor self-regulation ability in the daily environment as well as extreme scores in personality-traits in the BPD group in comparison with healthy participants. Further, in the BPD group we found a clear discrepancy between the information provided by patients and their close relatives regarding the processes involved in self-regulation of daily-life activities (but not for personality traits). This discrepancy was related to their clinical status and was not observed in the healthy control group. LIMITATIONS Analysis was based on self-report data, focusing on the difference with informants reports only. Conclusions about the direction of a possible bias on participants' self-perception are limited. CONCLUSIONS Metacognitive deficits might play a key mediating role between the altered cognitive processes responsible for self-regulation and cognitive control and the daily-life consequences in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vega
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Hospital of Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia) Igualada, Barcelona 08700, Spain; Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal & Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Torrubia
- Unitat de Psicologia Mèdica, Departament de Psiquiatria i Medicina Legal & Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Marco-Pallarés
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08097, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Science, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angel Soto
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Department, Hospital of Igualada (Consorci Sanitari de l'Anoia) Igualada, Barcelona 08700, Spain
| | - Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells
- Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group [Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute- IDIBELL], L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08097, Spain; Department of Cognition, Development and Educational Science, Campus Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08097, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Maternal executive function and the family food environment. Appetite 2019; 137:21-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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22
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Nettersheim J, Gerlach G, Herpertz S, Abed R, Figueredo AJ, Brüne M. Evolutionary Psychology of Eating Disorders: An Explorative Study in Patients With Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2122. [PMID: 30429818 PMCID: PMC6220092 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research on non-clinical samples has lent support to the sexual competition hypothesis for eating disorders (SCH) where the drive for thinness can be seen as an originally adaptive strategy for women to preserve a nubile female shape, which, when driven to an extreme, may cause eating disorders. Restrictive versus impulsive eating behavior may also be relevant for individual differences in allocation of resources to either mating effort or somatic growth, reflected in an evolutionary concept called “Life History Theory” (LHT). In this study, we aimed to test the SCH and predictions from LHT in female patients with clinically manifest eating disorders. Accordingly, 20 women diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), 20 with bulimia nervosa (BN), and 29 age-matched controls completed a package of questionnaires comprising measures for behavioral features and attitudes related to eating behavior, intrasexual competition, life history strategy, executive functioning and mating effort. In line with predictions, we found that relatively faster life history strategies were associated with poorer executive functioning, lower perceived own mate value, greater intrasexual competition for mates but not for status, and, in part, with greater disordered eating behavior. Comparisons between AN and BN revealed that individuals with BN tended to pursue a “fast” life history strategy, whereas people with AN were more similar to controls in pursuing a “slow” life history strategy. Moreover, intrasexual competition for mates was significantly predicted by the severity of disordered eating behavior. Together, our findings lend partial support to the SCH for eating disorders. We discuss the implications and limitations of our study findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Nettersheim
- LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gerlach
- LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Herpertz
- LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Riadh Abed
- Mental Health Tribunals, Ministry of Justice, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Aurelio J Figueredo
- Department of Psychology, School of Mind, Brain, and Behavior, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Martin Brüne
- LWL University Hospital Bochum, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, Division of Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Crandall A, Ghazarian SR, Deater-Deckard K, Bell MA, Riley AW. The Interface of Maternal Cognitions and Executive Function in Parenting and Child Conduct Problems. FAMILY RELATIONS 2018; 67:339-353. [PMID: 30364561 PMCID: PMC6197061 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the direct and indirect associations of maternal emotion control, executive functioning, and social cognitions maternal with harsh verbal parenting and child behavior and to do so guided by social information processing theory. BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated a relationship between maternal harsh parenting and increased child conduct problems. However, less is known about how maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities and social cognitions intersect with harsh parenting and child behavior. METHOD Structural equation modeling was used with a convenience sample of 152 mothers from Appalachia who had a child between 3 and 7 years of age. RESULTS Maternal emotion control and executive functioning were both inversely associated with child conduct problems. That is, stronger maternal emotion control was associated with less harsh verbal parenting and lower hostile attribution bias, and higher maternal executive functioning was related to less controlling parenting attitudes. CONCLUSION The results suggest maternal emotion and cognitive control capacities affect how mothers interact with their children and ultimately child conduct problems. IMPLICATIONS To more effectively reduce harsh verbal parenting and child conduct problems, interventions should help mothers to improve their emotion and cognitive control capacities.
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An ecological approach to the behavioral assessment of executive functions in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:283-288. [PMID: 29091830 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of ecological tests to assess executive functions (EFs) in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) has not examined extensively. The objective of this study was to analyze and compare the performance of patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs) on standard versus ecologically valid tests on EFs. Sixty-two females aged between 16 and 42 who were diagnosed with AN and 70 matched HCs completed 2 neuropsychological test batteries: standard tests (WCST, TMT, Stroop, ToL, fluency test) and the Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome (BADS). On the standard tests, patients with AN produced more perseverative response and were slower than HCs in the TMT; in contrast, they scored as well as HCs on tasks that assessed categorization, interference in color naming, planning and semantic fluency. Conversely, there were differences in the ecological tests with patients with AN systematically slower in the resolution of complex tasks. Results demonstrated the power of ecological tests in capturing selective impairments in multifaceted and unstructured tests. Patients with AN experienced systematic deceleration in the resolution of ecological tasks. Also, the increased time needed to solve the tasks, was not reflected in overall improvement in performance. This evidence is further discussed with respect to central coherence.
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Saffer BY, Klonsky ED. The Relationship of Self-reported Executive Functioning to Suicide Ideation and Attempts: Findings from a Large U.S.-based Online Sample. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:577-594. [PMID: 27440417 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1211042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies demonstrate that individuals with a history of suicidality exhibit impaired executive functioning abilities. The current study examines whether these differences are linked to suicidal thoughts or suicidal acts-a crucial distinction given that most people who think about suicide will not act on their thoughts. A large online sample of U.S. participants with a history of suicide ideation (n = 197), suicide attempts (n = 166), and no suicidality (n = 180) completed self-report measures assessing executive functioning, suicide ideation and attempts; in addition, depression, self-efficacy, and history of drug abuse and brain injury were assessed as potential covariates. Individuals with recent suicide attempts reported significantly worse executive functioning than ideators. This difference was not accounted for by depression, self-efficacy, history of drug abuse or brain injury. Self-reported executive functioning may represent an important short-term risk factor for suicide attempts.
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A Potential Role of the 5-HTTLPR Polymorphism in Self-Reported Executive Functioning. SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 20:E13. [PMID: 28190415 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intense effort is directed toward searching for associations between genes and neuropsychological measures of executive functions. In contrast, the impact of genetic polymorphisms on self-rating of everyday executive functioning has not been investigated so far. This study was designed to test associations of self-reported executive functioning, measured with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-A), with dopaminergic and serotoninergic genes in non-clinical population and to assess impact of neuropsychological and personality characteristics on these associations. One hundred healthy adults completed the BRIEF-A, personality inventories SPQ-74, STAI, MMPI, and neuropsychological tests for executive functions. Polymorphisms in the DRD4, COMT, DRD2, HTR2A, and SLC6A4 genes were genotyped. We revealed a significant main effect of the SLC6A4's 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on BRIEF-A scores (F = 2.21, P = .018, η2 = .24). Among the BRIEF-A measures, the genotype effect was significant for the Plan/Organize (F = 7.34, P = .008, η2 = .07) and Task Monitor scales (F = 4.33, P = .04, η2 = .04), and the Metacognition index (F = 4.21, P = .043, η2 = .04). Carriers of the short allele reported fewer problems than homozygotes for the long allele. Correlations of the BRIEF-A measures with neuropsychological variables were weak, while those with personality characteristics were strong, with trait anxiety being the most powerful predictor of the BRIEF-A scores. However, the relationship between the 5-HTTLPR and BRIEF-A scores remained significant when trait anxiety was controlled for. The results suggest a potential role of the 5-HTTLPR in self-reported everyday task planning and monitoring.
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Rouel M, Raman J, Hay P, Smith E. Validation of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) in the obese with and without binge eating disorder. Eat Behav 2016; 23:58-65. [PMID: 27497274 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and binge eating disorder (BED) are both associated with deficiencies in executive function. The Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) is a self-report measure that assesses executive function. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the BRIEF-A in an obese population, with and without BED, and to explore the differences on the BRIEF-A in the obese, with and without BED, compared to normative sample. 98 obese participants (70 BED) completed the BRIEF-A, DASS-21 and several performance-based measures of executive function. 30 participants completed a repeat assessment two months later. There was evidence of good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, however evidence for construct and convergent validity was mixed. Additionally, it was found that obese individuals report significantly more executive function difficulties on the BRIEF-A than the normative sample. Further, obese with BED report more executive function difficulties than those without. This study shows some evidence of sound psychometric properties of the BRIEF-A in an obese sample, however more research is required to understand the nature of executive function being measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Rouel
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Jayanthi Raman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Centre for Health Research, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
| | - Evelyn Smith
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia; Clinical and Health Psychology Research Initiative (CaHPRI), Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Allied Health Research Unit, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
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Limbers CA, Young D. Executive functions and consumption of fruits/ vegetables and high saturated fat foods in young adults. J Health Psychol 2016; 20:602-11. [PMID: 25903247 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315573470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive functions play a critical role in regulating eating behaviors and have been shown to be associated with overeating which over time can result in overweight and obesity. There has been a paucity of research examining the associations among healthy dietary behaviors and executive functions utilizing behavioral rating scales of executive functioning. The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate the associations among fruit and vegetable consumption, intake of foods high in saturated fat, and executive functions using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Adult Version. A total of 240 university students completed the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning-Adult Version, the 26-Item Eating Attitudes Test, and the Diet subscale of the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities Questionnaire. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted with two separate models in which fruit and vegetable consumption and saturated fat intake were the outcomes. Demographic variables, body mass index, and eating styles were controlled for in the analysis. Better initiation skills were associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables in the last 7 days (standardized beta = -0.17; p < 0.05). Stronger inhibitory control was associated with less consumption of high fat foods in the last 7 days (standardized beta = 0.20; p < 0.05) in the multiple linear regression analysis. Executive functions that predict fruit and vegetable consumption are distinct from those that predict avoidance of foods high in saturated fat. Future research should investigate whether continued skill enhancement in initiation and inhibition following standard behavioral interventions improves long-term maintenance of weight loss.
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Gelonch O, Garolera M, Valls J, Rosselló L, Pifarré J. Executive function in fibromyalgia: Comparing subjective and objective measures. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 66:113-22. [PMID: 26995244 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence to suggest the existence of an executive dysfunction in people diagnosed with fibromyalgia, although there are certain inconsistencies between studies. Here, we aim to compare executive performance between patients with fibromyalgia and a control group by using subjective and objective cognitive tests, analyzing the influence of patient mood on the results obtained, and studying associations between the two measures. METHOD 82 patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia and 42 healthy controls, matched by age and years of education, were assessed using the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function - Adult Version (BRIEF-A) as a subjective measure of executive functioning. A selection of objective cognitive tests were also used to measure a series of executive functions and to identify symptoms of depression and anxiety. RESULTS Patients with fibromyalgia perceived greater difficulties than the control group on all of the BRIEF-A scales. However, after adjustments were made for depression and anxiety the only differences that remained were those associated with the working memory scale and the Metacognition and Global Executive Composite index. In the case of the objective cognitive tests, a significantly worse overall performance was evidenced for the fibromyalgia patients. However, this also disappeared when adjustments were made for depression and anxiety. After this adjustment, fibromyalgia patients only performed significantly worse for the interference effect in the Stroop Test. Although there were no significant associations between most of the objective cognitive tests and the BRIEF-A scales, depression and anxiety exhibited strong associations with almost all of the BRIEF-A scales and with several of the objective cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS Patients with fibromyalgia showed executive dysfunction in subjective and objective measures, although most of this impairment was associated with mood disturbances. Exceptions to this general rule were observed in the impairment of working memory evidenced on the BRIEF-A scale and the inhibition impairment exhibited by the interference effect from the Stroop Test. The two types of measurement provide different yet complementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gelonch
- Clinical Research Group for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; University of Lleida, Spain
| | - Maite Garolera
- Clinical Research Group for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; Neuropsychology Unit, Hospital de Terrassa, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Joan Valls
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRB-Lleida, Spain
| | - Lluís Rosselló
- Rheumatology Section, Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Unit, Hospital Universitari de Santa Maria, Lleida, Spain
| | - Josep Pifarré
- University of Lleida, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Lleida, IRB-Lleida, Spain.
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Stedal K, Dahlgren CL. Neuropsychological assessment in adolescents with anorexia nervosa - exploring the relationship between self-report and performance-based testing. J Eat Disord 2015; 3:27. [PMID: 26269743 PMCID: PMC4533954 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-015-0062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research investigating the relationship between neuropsychological test performances and self-reported cognitive functioning in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) is limited, and existing experimental studies only demonstrate a low-to-moderate relationship between the performance based tests and everyday behaviour. The objective of the current study was to explore the association between neuropsychological test performance and self-reports of executive functioning in adolescents with AN. METHOD Twenty adolescent females diagnosed with AN, aged 13 to 18, completed neuropsychological test battery "the Ravello Profile" and the self-report version of the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-SR). The BRIEF Parent Form (BRIEF-PF) was employed to provide additional information of the patients' executive functioning. RESULTS Based on group level analyses, the results support the existing literature in failing to find consistent weaknesses in neuropsychological functioning in adolescents with AN. Further, with few exceptions, the Ravello Profile was insubstantially correlated with the majority of the BRIEF clinical scales, indicative of a lack of association between these two assessment methods. CONCLUSION The current study accentuates the need for concern regarding the generalizability of neuropsychological assessments in adolescent patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Stedal
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Lindvall Dahlgren
- Regional Department for Eating Disorders, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4956 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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