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Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Akazawa S, Abiru N, Mori H, Kurisaki H, Shimoda K, Yoshikai Y, Takahashi H, Anzai K. TYK2 signaling promotes the development of autoreactive CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes and type 1 diabetes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1337. [PMID: 38351043 PMCID: PMC10864272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of the JAK family, has attracted attention as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. However, the role of TYK2 in CD8+ T cells and autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. In this study, we generate Tyk2 gene knockout non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice and demonstrate that the loss of Tyk2 inhibits the development of autoreactive CD8+ T-BET+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by impairing IL-12 signaling in CD8+ T cells and the CD8+ resident dendritic cell-driven cross-priming of CTLs in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN). Tyk2-deficient CTLs display reduced cytotoxicity. Increased inflammatory responses in β-cells with aging are dampened by Tyk2 deficiency. Furthermore, treatment with BMS-986165, a selective TYK2 inhibitor, inhibits the expansion of T-BET+ CTLs, inflammation in β-cells and the onset of autoimmune T1D in NOD mice. Thus, our study reveals the diverse roles of TYK2 in driving the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Satoru Akazawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Norio Abiru
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Unit of Translational Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Midori Clinic, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hironori Kurisaki
- Department of Medical Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Mori H, Takahashi H, Anzai K. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pancreatic β Cell Failure. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010022. [PMID: 35053020 PMCID: PMC8772979 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Accumulating evidence suggests that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may have the potential to induce pancreatic β-cell damage, leading to diabetes onset in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, controversial results have been reported among study groups. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of published findings that describe the potential relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and pancreatic β-cell failure, and how this may contribute to the development of diabetes. Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily causes pulmonary symptoms; however, accumulating reports indicate that some patients with COVID-19 have multiple organ dysfunction or failure. Although diabetes is considered a risk factor for severe COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also be a causal factor for diabetes mellitus in patients with COVID-19. According to the research reviewed in this paper, the pancreas and pancreatic β cells appear to be targets of SARS-CoV-2 and are damaged by direct or indirect effects of the infection. However, controversial results have been reported between study groups, mainly due to the limited number of cases with diabetes precipitated by COVID-19. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the published findings on the potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 and pancreatic β-cell damage leading to diabetes onset. These findings will further contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (K.A.)
- Division of Mucosal Immunology, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (K.A.)
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (K.A.)
- Liver Center, Saga University Hospital, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan; (S.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (K.A.)
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Pellenz FM, Dieter C, Duarte GCK, Canani LH, de Souza BM, Crispim D. The rs2304256 Polymorphism in TYK2 Gene Is Associated with Protection for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab J 2021; 45:899-908. [PMID: 34225445 PMCID: PMC8640150 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2020.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a candidate gene for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) since it plays an important role in regulating apoptotic and pro-inflammatory pathways in pancreatic β-cells through modulation of the type I interferon signaling pathway. The rs2304256 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TYK2 gene has been associated with protection for different autoimmune diseases. However, to date, only two studies have evaluated the association between this SNP and T1DM, with discordant results. This study thus aimed to investigate the association between the TYK2 rs2304256 SNP and T1DM in a Southern Brazilian population. METHODS This case-control study comprised 478 patients with T1DM and 518 non-diabetic subjects. The rs2304256 (C/A) SNP was genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction technique using TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) probes. RESULTS Genotype and allele frequencies of the rs2304256 SNP differed between T1DM patients and non-diabetic subjects (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). Furthermore, the A allele was associated with protection against T1DM under recessive (odds ratio [OR], 0.482; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.288 to 0.806) and additive (OR, 0.470; 95% CI, 0.278 to 0.794) inheritance models, adjusting for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR/DQ genotypes, gender, and ethnicity. CONCLUSION The A/A genotype of TYK2 rs2304256 SNP is associated with protection against T1DM in a Southern Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristine Dieter
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Coutinho Kullmann Duarte
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique Canani
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Faculty of Medicine, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Corresponding author: Daisy Crispim https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5095-9269 Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, prédio 12, 4° Andar, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil E-mail:
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Muromoto R, Oritani K, Matsuda T. Tyk2-mediated homeostatic control by regulating the PGE 2-PKA-IL-10 axis. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2021013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Genetic Susceptibility of the Host in Virus-Induced Diabetes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081133. [PMID: 32727064 PMCID: PMC7464158 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie B viruses, are among the candidate environmental factors causative of type 1 diabetes. Host genetic factors have an impact on the development of virus-induced diabetes (VID). Host background, in terms of whether the host is prone to autoimmunity, should also be considered when analyzing the role of target genes in VID. In this review, we describe the genetic susceptibility of the host based on studies in humans and VID animal models. Understanding the host genetic factors should contribute not only to revealing the mechanisms of VID development, but also in taking measures to prevent VID.
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Widén C, Holmer H, Sättlin S, Renvert S, Lernmark Å, Persson GR. Periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum markers in individuals with type 1 diabetes. J Periodontol 2020; 91:1436-1443. [PMID: 32484239 DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes is high and increasing. Periodontitis has been identified as a risk factor in both type 1 and 2 diabetes. The study purpose was to assess periodontal conditions, retinopathy, and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA) titers in relation to retinopathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS The study is a case series. Adult individuals with a diagnosis of T1D (n = 85) monitored ≥5 years were recruited from an endocrinology clinic. Peripheral venous blood samples were analyzed including assessments of serum HbA1c levels and GADA titers. Medical and periodontal conditions were examined, and the data assessed. Independent t tests, binary and multivariate analyses, χ2 and odds ratios were employed. RESULTS Gingivitis was found in 68.2%, periodontitis in 21.2%, and retinopathy in 64.7%, GADA (≥35 U/mL) in 54.1%, and serum HbA1c > 48 mmol/mol in 94.3% of the individuals. The unadjusted odds ratio for periodontitis to differentiate a diagnosis of retinopathy was 7.3 (95%CI 1.6, 4.4, P <0.01). Multivariate analyses identified the following dependent factors to differentiate retinopathy; age, T1D duration, gingivitis, periodontitis at P < 0.001, sex, and serum GADA at P < 0.01, and by the number of remaining teeth at P < 0.05. CONCLUSION Retinopathy as a complication to T1D is linked to the duration of diabetes, age of the individual and with increasing severity to periodontitis. Periodontal intervention studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Widén
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | | | - Susanna Sättlin
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Stefan Renvert
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,Blekinge Institute of Technology, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Åke Lernmark
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University/Clinical Research Centre, University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - G Rutger Persson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,Department of Oral Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Department of Periodontics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Mine K, Nagafuchi S, Hatano S, Tanaka K, Mori H, Takahashi H, Anzai K, Yoshikai Y. Impaired upregulation of Stat2 gene restrictive to pancreatic β-cells is responsible for virus-induced diabetes in DBA/2 mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 521:853-860. [PMID: 31708097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.10.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral infection is a putative causal factor for the development of type 1 diabetes, but the exact pathogenic mechanism of virus-induced diabetes (VID) remains unclear. Here, to identify the critical factors that regulate VID, we analyzed encephalomyocarditis D (EMC-D) VID-sensitive DBA/2 mice in comparison with resistant B6 mice. EMC-D virus-induced cell death occurred more frequently in DBA/2 β-cells than in B6 β-cells with 100U/ml IFN-β priming in vitro. We therefore purified β-cells using flow cytometry from mice two days after EMC-D virus infection and subjected them to microarray analysis. As a results, innate immune response pathway was found to be enriched in B6 β-cells. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (Stat2) gene interacted with genes in the pathway. Stat2 gene expression levels were lower in DBA/2 mice than in B6 mice, restrictive to β-cells. Moreover, administration of IFN-β failed to upregulate Stat2 gene in DBA/2 β-cells than in those of B6 in vivo. The viral titer significantly increased only in the DBA/2 pancreas. Thus, these provided data suggest that impaired upregulation of Stat2 gene restrictive to β-cells at the early stage of infection is responsible for VID development in DBA/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hatano
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tanaka
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoe Mori
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Anzai
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunobu Yoshikai
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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TYK2 in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010150. [PMID: 31936322 PMCID: PMC7017180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as the founding member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and outline its structure-function relation. Gene-targeted mice and hereditary defects of TYK2 in men have established the biological and pathological functions of TYK2 in innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and cancer and in (auto-)inflammation. We describe the architecture of the main cytokine receptor families associated with TYK2, which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We summarize the cytokine receptor activities with well characterized dependency on TYK2, the types of cells that respond to cytokines and TYK2 signaling-induced cytokine production. TYK2 may drive beneficial or detrimental activities, which we explain based on the concepts of tumor immunoediting and the cancer-immunity cycle in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of TYK2 functions in mouse models of tumor surveillance. The biology and biochemistry of JAKs, TYK2-dependent cytokines and cytokine signaling in tumor surveillance are well covered in recent reviews and the oncogenic properties of TYK2 are reviewed in the recent Special Issue ‘Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer’ of Cancers.
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9
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Mahlangu T, Dludla PV, Nyambuya TM, Mxinwa V, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Cirilli I, Marcheggiani F, Tiano L, Louw J, Nkambule BB. A systematic review on the functional role of Th1/Th2 cytokines in type 2 diabetes and related metabolic complications. Cytokine 2019; 126:154892. [PMID: 31704479 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The T-helper (Th1/Th2) paradigm is widely studied for its role in modulating an adaptive immune response, especially in relation to the onset of various autoimmune diseases. In fact, emerging evidence clearly shows an inverse relationship between Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) complications, which is accelerated by an exacerbated inflammatory state. Here, relevant studies reporting on any association between the levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines and the development of T2D were retrieved through major electronic databases such as The Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed. Extracted evidence which mostly involved animal models and human subjects with T2D or metabolic syndrome was assessed for quality and risk of bias using the Downs and Black checklist and Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines. Results strongly correlated raised Th1/Th2 cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)/interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-2/IL-5 ratios to T2D, and this was positively linked with the other complications including retinopathy and cardiovascular complications. Further, logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the Th1/Th2 ratios were significantly associated with impaired glucose homeostasis, abnormally enhanced lipid profiles, and insulin resistance. Although more studies making use of a larger sample size are required, current data suggest that optimal modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokines may be an important aspect in the management of T2D and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabsile Mahlangu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Tawanda M Nyambuya
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek 9000, Namibia.
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy; Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60131, Italy.
| | - Johan Louw
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa 3886, South Africa.
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences (SLMMS), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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Mine K, Takahashi H, Nagafuchi S. Model Animal Mimicking Human Virus-induced Diabetes. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:8. [PMID: 29784523 PMCID: PMC6020710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Mine
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Seiho Nagafuchi
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
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11
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Toniolo A, Leslie RD. Diabetes, the TYK2 Gene and the Interferon Response: In Search for Environmental Causes. EBioMedicine 2017; 24:18-19. [PMID: 28916157 PMCID: PMC5652001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Toniolo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Insubria Medical School, Varese, Italy.
| | - Richard David Leslie
- Department of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK.
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