1
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Xu C, Chen J, Liang L, Chen S, Niu X, Sang R, Yang C, Rong R. Midkine promotes renal fibrosis by stabilizing C/EBPβ to facilitate endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Commun Biol 2024; 7:544. [PMID: 38714800 PMCID: PMC11076470 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06154-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous myofibroblasts are arisen from endothelial cells (ECs) through endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) triggered by TGF-β. However, the mechanism of ECs transforms to a different subtype, or whether there exists an intermediate state of ECs remains unclear. In present study, we demonstrate Midkine (MDK) mainly expressed by CD31 + ACTA2+ECs going through partial EndMT contribute greatly to myofibroblasts by spatial and single-cell transcriptomics. MDK is induced in TGF-β treated ECs, which upregulates C/EBPβ and increases EndMT genes, and these effects could be reversed by siMDK. Mechanistically, MDK promotes the binding ability of C/EBPβ with ACTA2 promoter by stabilizing the C/EBPβ protein. In vivo, knockout of Mdk or conditional knockout of Mdk in ECs reduces EndMT markers and significantly reverses fibrogenesis. In conclusion, our study provides a mechanistic link between the induction of EndMT by TGF-β and MDK, which suggests that blocking MDK provides potential therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuidi Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juntao Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lifei Liang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siyue Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xinhao Niu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruirui Sang
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Zhangjiang Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ruiming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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2
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Zhang Y, Kang Z, Wang J, Liu S, Liu X, Li Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Fu Z, Li J, Huang Y, Ru Z, Peng Y, Yang Z, Wang Y, Yang X, Luo M. Peptide OM-LV20 promotes arteriogenesis induced by femoral artery ligature via the miR-29b-3p/VEGFA axis. Atherosclerosis 2024; 391:117487. [PMID: 38492245 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Therapeutic arteriogenesis is a promising direction for the treatment of ischemic disease caused by atherosclerosis. However, pharmacological or biological approaches to stimulate functional collateral vessels are not yet available. Identifying new drug targets to promote and explore the underlying mechanisms for therapeutic arteriogenesis is necessary. METHODS Peptide OM-LV20 (20 ng/kg) was administered for 7 consecutive days on rat hindlimb ischemia model, collateral vessel growth was assessed by H&E staining, liquid latex perfusion, and specific immunofluorescence. In vitro, we detected the effect of OM-LV20 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) proliferation and migration. After transfection, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ-hybridization and dual luciferase reporters to assessed effective miRNAs and target genes. The proteins related to downstream signaling pathways were detected by Western blot. RESULTS OM-LV20 significantly increased visible collateral vessels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), together with enhanced inflammation cytokine and monocytes/macrophage infiltration in collateral vessels. In vitro, we defined a novel microRNA (miR-29b-3p), and its inhibition enhanced proliferation and migration of HUVEC, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). OM-LV20 also promoted migration and proliferation of HUVEC, and VEGFA expression was mediated via inhibition of miR-29b-3p. Furthermore, OM-LV20 influenced the protein levels of VEGFR2 and phosphatidylinositol3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and eNOS in vitro and invivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that OM-LV20 enhanced arteriogenesis via the miR-29b-3p/VEGFA/VEGFR2-PI3K/AKT/eNOS axis, and highlighte the application potential of exogenous peptide molecular probes through miRNA, which could promote effective therapeutic arteriogenesis in ischemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijian Kang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Sahua Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571300, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiruo Li
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yilin Li
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhe Fu
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yubing Huang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeqiong Ru
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhiyu Yang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources & Key Laboratory of Natural Products Synthetic Biology of Ethnic Medicinal Endophytes, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650504, China.
| | - Xinwang Yang
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy & Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Li L, Shucheng H, Fu L, Pei B, Xu W, Jiang X. Overexpression and potential roles of midkine via regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor A in psoriasis. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1383-1393. [PMID: 37218430 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Midkine plays a critical role in angiogenesis by regulating the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathway, which is known to be associated with psoriasis pathogenesis. However, research on midkine-psoriasis relationship remains limited. The objective of this study was to detect midkine expression in psoriasis and investigate its potential role in the disease. Midkine expression was measured using immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Effects of midkine on HaCaT cell proliferation, VEGF-A production and signalling pathways were assessed using CCK8, RT-PCR and WB. Scratch and in vitro tube formation tests were used to evaluate the effects of HaCaT-cell-activated midkine on the migration and tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells. Murine psoriasiform models were injected with midkine recombinant protein and midkine monoclonal antibody to investigate skin lesions, tissue sections and dermal microvessel density. Levels of midkine significantly increased in both lesions and serum of patients with psoriasis. Serum expression of midkine decreased after treatment and a positive correlation was found between midkine and disease severity. Midkine promoted HaCaT cell proliferation and VEGF-A production. The Notch2/HES1/JAK2-STAT5A pathway expression increased after midkine treatment of HaCaT cells. The supernatant of HaCaT cells treated with midkine promoted HMEC-1 migration and angiogenesis in vitro. Recombinant midkine protein exacerbated psoriasiform lesions with increased expressions of VEGF-A and microvessel density, while midkine monoclonal antibody alleviated psoriasis lesions. Midkine may have a significant impact on psoriasis angiogenesis by regulating VEGF-A expression through the Notch2/HES1/JAK2-STAT5A pathway, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidi Shucheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lixin Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Baoqiang Pei
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Owen T, Carpino G, Chen L, Kundu D, Wills P, Ekser B, Onori P, Gaudio E, Alpini G, Francis H, Kennedy L. Endothelin Receptor-A Inhibition Decreases Ductular Reaction, Liver Fibrosis, and Angiogenesis in a Model of Cholangitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 16:513-540. [PMID: 37336290 PMCID: PMC10462792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) leads to ductular reaction and fibrosis and is complicated by vascular dysfunction. Cholangiocyte and endothelial cell crosstalk modulates their proliferation in cholestatic models. Endothelin (ET)-1 and ET-2 bind to their receptor, ET-A, and cholangiocytes are a key source of ET-1 after bile duct ligation. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of ET-A inhibition in PSC and biliary-endothelial crosstalk mediated by this pathway. METHODS Wild-type and multidrug resistance 2 knockout (Mdr2-/-) mice at 12 weeks of age were treated with vehicle or Ambrisentan (ET-A antagonist) for 1 week by daily intraperitoneal injections. Human control and PSC samples were used. RESULTS Mdr2-/- mice at 4, 8, and 12 weeks displayed angiogenesis that peaked at 12 weeks. Mdr2-/- mice at 12 weeks had enhanced biliary ET-1/ET-2/ET-A expression and secretion, whereas human PSC had enhanced ET-1/ET-A expression and secretion. Ambrisentan reduced biliary damage, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis in Mdr2-/- mice. Mdr2-/- mice had squamous cholangiocytes with blunted microvilli and dilated arterioles lacking cilia; however, Ambrisentan reversed these alterations. Ambrisentan decreased cholangiocyte expression of pro-angiogenic factors, specifically midkine, through the regulation of cFOS. In vitro, ET-1/ET-A caused cholangiocyte senescence, endothelial cell angiogenesis, and macrophage inflammation. In vitro, human PSC cholangiocyte supernatants increased endothelial cell migration, which was blocked with Ambrisentan treatment. CONCLUSIONS ET-A inhibition reduced biliary and liver damage in Mdr2-/- mice. ET-A promotes biliary angiocrine signaling that may, in turn, enhance angiogenesis. Targeting ET-A may prove therapeutic for PSC, specifically patients displaying vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis Owen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Guido Carpino
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lixian Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Debjyoti Kundu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Payton Wills
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Paolo Onori
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lindsey Kennedy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; Department of Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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5
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Majaj M, Weckbach LT. Midkine-A novel player in cardiovascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1003104. [PMID: 36204583 PMCID: PMC9530663 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a 13-kDa heparin-binding cytokine and growth factor with anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, pro-inflammatory and anti-infective functions, that enable it to partake in a series of physiological and pathophysiological processes. In the past, research revolving around MK has concentrated on its roles in reproduction and development, tissue protection and repair as well as inflammatory and malignant processes. In the recent few years, MK's implication in a wide scope of cardiovascular diseases has been rigorously investigated. Nonetheless, there is still no broadly accepted consensus on whether MK exerts generally detrimental or favorable effects in cardiovascular diseases. The truth probably resides somewhere in-between and depends on the underlying physiological or pathophysiological condition. It is therefore crucial to thoroughly examine and appraise MK's participation in cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we introduce the MK gene and protein, its multiple receptors and signaling pathways along with its expression in the vascular system and its most substantial functions in cardiovascular biology. Further, we recapitulate the current evidence of MK's expression in cardiovascular diseases, addressing the various sources and modes of MK expression. Moreover, we summarize the most significant implications of MK in cardiovascular diseases with particular emphasis on MK's advantageous and injurious functions, highlighting its ample diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Also, we focus on conflicting roles of MK in a number of cardiovascular diseases and try to provide some clarity and guidance to MK's multifaceted roles. In summary, we aim to pave the way for MK-based diagnostics and therapies that could present promising tools in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Majaj
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ludwig T. Weckbach
- Walter Brendel Centre for Experimental Medicine, Biomedical Centre, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology und Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung e. V, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Zhang C, He H, Dai J, Li Y, He J, Yang W, Dai J, Han F, Kong W, Wang X, Zheng X, Zhou J, Pan W, Chen Z, Singhal M, Zhang Y, Guo F, Hu J. KANK4 Promotes Arteriogenesis by Potentiating VEGFR2 Signaling in a TALIN-1-Dependent Manner. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:772-788. [PMID: 35477278 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.317711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriogenesis plays a critical role in maintaining adequate tissue blood supply and is related to a favorable prognosis in arterial occlusive diseases. Strategies aimed at promoting arteriogenesis have thus far not been successful because the factors involved in arteriogenesis remain incompletely understood. Previous studies suggest that evolutionarily conserved KANK4 (KN motif and ankyrin repeat domain-containing proteins 4) might involve in vertebrate vessel development. However, how the KANK4 regulates vessel function remains unknown. We aim to determine the role of endothelial cell-specifically expressed KANK4 in arteriogenesis. METHODS The role of KANK4 in regulating arteriogenesis was evaluated using Kank4-/- and KANK4iECOE mice. Molecular mechanisms underlying KANK4-potentiated arteriogenesis were investigated by employing RNA transcriptomic profiling and mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS By analyzing Kank4-EGFP reporter mice, we showed that KANK4 was specifically expressed in endothelial cells. In particular, KANK4 displayed a dynamic expression pattern from being ubiquitously expressed in all endothelial cells of the developing vasculature to being explicitly expressed in the endothelial cells of arterioles and arteries in matured vessels. In vitro microfluidic chip-based vascular morphology analysis and in vivo hindlimb ischemia assays using Kank4-/- and KANK4iECOE mice demonstrated that deletion of KANK4 impaired collateral artery growth and the recovery of blood perfusion, whereas KANK4 overexpression leads to increased vessel caliber and blood perfusion. Bulk RNA sequencing and Co-immunoprecipitation/mass spectrometry (Co-IP/MS) analysis identified that KANK4 promoted EC proliferation and collateral artery remodeling through coupling VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) to TALIN-1, which augmented the activation of the VEGFR2 signaling cascade. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a novel role for KANK4 in arteriogenesis in response to ischemia. KANK4 links VEGFR2 to TALIN-1, resulting in enhanced VEGFR2 activation and increased EC proliferation, highlighting that KANK4 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting arteriogenesis for arterial occlusive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonghe Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Hao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Jianing Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | | | - Jing He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Wu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Jialin Dai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Feng Han
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Wenyan Kong
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.W., X.Z.)
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.W., X.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing (J.Z.)
| | - Weijun Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (W.P.)
| | - Zhongwen Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Mahak Singhal
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany (M.S.).,Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (M.S.)
| | - Yaoyang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, China (F.G.)
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China (C.Z., H.H., J.D., J. He, W.Y., J.D., F.H., W.K., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu).,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (C.Z., H.H., J.H., W.Y., J.D., Z.C., Y.Z., J. Hu)
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7
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Elhady SS, Habib ES, Abdelhameed RFA, Goda MS, Hazem RM, Mehanna ET, Helal MA, Hosny KM, Diri RM, Hassanean HA, Ibrahim AK, Eltamany EE, Abdelmohsen UR, Ahmed SA. Anticancer Effects of New Ceramides Isolated from the Red Sea Red Algae Hypnea musciformis in a Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: LC-HRMS Analysis Profile and Molecular Modeling. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20010063. [PMID: 35049918 PMCID: PMC8778197 DOI: 10.3390/md20010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different classes of phytochemicals were previously isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis as sterols, ketosteroids, fatty acids, and terpenoids. Herein, we report the isolation of three fatty acids-docosanoic acid 4, hexadecenoic acid 5, and alpha hydroxy octadecanoic acid 6-as well as three ceramides-A (1), B (2), and C (3)-with 9-methyl-sphinga-4,8-dienes and phytosphingosine bases. Additionally, different phytochemicals were determined using the liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HRMS) technique. Ceramides A (1) and B (2) exhibited promising in vitro cytotoxic activity against the human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell line when compared with doxorubicin as a positive control. Further in vivo study and biochemical estimation in a mouse model of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) revealed that both ceramides A (1) and B (2) at doses of 1 and 2 mg/kg, respectively, significantly decreased the tumor size in mice inoculated with EAC cells. The higher dose (2 mg/kg) of ceramide B (2) particularly expressed the most pronounced decrease in serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor -B (VEGF-B) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) markers, as well as the expression levels of the growth factor midkine in tumor tissue relative to the EAC control group. The highest expression of apoptotic factors, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 was observed in the same group that received 2 mg/kg of ceramide B (2). Molecular docking simulations suggested that ceramides A (1) and B (2) could bind in the deep grove between the H2 helix and the Ser240-P250 loop of p53, preventing its interaction with MDM2 and leading to its accumulation. In conclusion, this study reports the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and antiangiogenic effects of ceramides isolated from the Red Sea algae Hypnea musciformis in an experimental model of EAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh S. Elhady
- Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman S. Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Reda F. A. Abdelhameed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt;
| | - Marwa S. Goda
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Reem M. Hazem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Eman T. Mehanna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Helal
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Hosny
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Reem M. Diri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hashim A. Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Amany K. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Enas E. Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Safwat A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (E.S.H.); (M.S.G.); (H.A.H.); (A.K.I.); (E.E.E.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-010-92638387
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8
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Kulkarni R, Andraska E, McEnaney R. Structural Remodeling of the Extracellular Matrix in Arteriogenesis: A Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:761007. [PMID: 34805316 PMCID: PMC8602576 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.761007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease (AOD) results in significant morbidity and mortality for the population, with up to 10% of patients ultimately requiring amputation. An alternative method for non-surgical revascularization which is yet to be fully understood is the optimization of the body's own natural collateral arterial network in a process known as arteriogenesis. Under conditions of conductance vessel stenosis or occlusion resulting in increased flow, shear forces, and pressure gradients within collaterals, positive remodeling occurs to increase the diameter and capacity of these vessels. The creation of a distal arteriovenous fistula (AVF) will drive increased arteriogenesis as compared to collateral formation with the occlusion of a conductance vessel alone by further increasing flow through these arterioles, demonstrating the capacity for arteriogenesis to form larger, more efficient collaterals beyond what is spontaneously achieved after arterial occlusion. Arteries rely on an extracellular matrix (ECM) composed of elastic fibers and collagens that provide stability under hemodynamic stress, and ECM remodeling is necessary to allow for increased diameter and flow conductance in mature arterial structures. When positive remodeling occurs, digestion of lamella and the internal elastic lamina (IEL) by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and other elastases results in the rearrangement and thinning of elastic structures and may be replaced with disordered elastin synthesis without recovery of elastic function. This results in transmission of wall strain to collagen and potential for aneurysmal degeneration along collateral networks, as is seen in the pancreaticoduodenal artery (PDA) after celiac occlusion and inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) with concurrent celiac and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusions. Further understanding into the development of collaterals is required to both better understand aneurysmal degeneration and optimize collateral formation in AOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Kulkarni
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Andraska
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan McEnaney
- Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Hospitals Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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9
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Wang Z, Li X, Yang J, Gong Y, Zhang H, Qiu X, Liu Y, Zhou C, Chen Y, Greenbaum J, Cheng L, Hu Y, Xie J, Yang X, Li Y, Schiller MR, Chen Y, Tan L, Tang SY, Shen H, Xiao HM, Deng HW. Single-cell RNA sequencing deconvolutes the in vivo heterogeneity of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4192-4206. [PMID: 34803492 PMCID: PMC8579438 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.61950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells that have a critical role in the maintenance of skeletal tissues such as bone, cartilage, and the fat in bone marrow. In addition to providing microenvironmental support for hematopoietic processes, BM-MSCs can differentiate into various mesodermal lineages including osteoblast/osteocyte, chondrocyte, and adipocyte that are crucial for bone metabolism. While BM-MSCs have high cell-to-cell heterogeneity in gene expression, the cell subtypes that contribute to this heterogeneity in vivo in humans have not been characterized. To investigate the transcriptional diversity of BM-MSCs, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on freshly isolated CD271+ BM-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) from two human subjects. We successfully identified LEPRhiCD45low BM-MSCs within the CD271+ BM-MNC population, and further codified the BM-MSCs into distinct subpopulations corresponding to the osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation trajectories, as well as terminal-stage quiescent cells. Biological functional annotations of the transcriptomes suggest that osteoblast precursors induce angiogenesis coupled with osteogenesis, and chondrocyte precursors have the potential to differentiate into myocytes. We also discovered transcripts for several clusters of differentiation (CD) markers that were either highly expressed (e.g., CD167b, CD91, CD130 and CD118) or absent (e.g., CD74, CD217, CD148 and CD68) in BM-MSCs, representing potential novel markers for human BM-MSC purification. This study is the first systematic in vivo dissection of human BM-MSCs cell subtypes at the single-cell resolution, revealing an insight into the extent of their cellular heterogeneity and roles in maintaining bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Wang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, 70112, USA
| | - Xiaohua Li
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Junxiao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, 70112, USA
| | - Huixi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiang Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Cui Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jonathan Greenbaum
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, 70112, USA
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Xucheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Martin R. Schiller
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and School of Life Science, 4505 S. Maryland Pkwy, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4004, USA
| | - Yiping Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Lijun Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Si-Yuan Tang
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China; Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, College of Life Sciences, Human Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Women's Research Association, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, 70112, USA
| | - Hong-Mei Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
- Center of Reproductive Health, System Biology and Data Information, Institute of Reproductive & Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, 70112, USA
- School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
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10
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Hutchings G, Kruszyna Ł, Nawrocki MJ, Strauss E, Bryl R, Spaczyńska J, Perek B, Jemielity M, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Nowicki M, Krasiński Z. Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:735. [PMID: 34066926 PMCID: PMC8148529 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, atherosclerosis, which affects the vascular bed of all vital organs and tissues, is considered as a leading cause of death. Most commonly, atherosclerosis involves coronary and peripheral arteries, which results in acute (e.g., myocardial infarction, lower extremities ischemia) or chronic (persistent ischemia leading to severe heart failure) consequences. All of them have a marked unfavorable impact on the quality of life and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in human populations. Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD, also defined as peripheral artery disease, PAD) refers to atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities, where partial or complete obstruction of peripheral arteries is observed. Decreased perfusion can result in ischemic pain, non-healing wounds, and ischemic ulcers, and significantly reduce the quality of life. However, the progressive atherosclerotic changes cause stimulation of tissue response processes, like vessel wall remodeling and neovascularization. These mechanisms of adapting the vascular network to pathological conditions seem to play a key role in reducing the impact of the changes limiting the flow of blood. Neovascularization as a response to ischemia induces sprouting and expansion of the endothelium to repair and grow the vessels of the circulatory system. Neovascularization consists of three different biological processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Both molecular and environmental factors that may affect the process of development and growth of blood vessels were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the changes taking place during LEAD. It is important to consider the molecular mechanisms underpinning vessel growth. These mechanisms will also be examined in the context of diseases commonly affecting blood vessel function, or those treatable in part by manipulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may be possible to induce the process of blood vessel development and growth to treat peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. With regard to the repair processes taking place during diseases such as LEAD, prospective therapeutic methods have been described that could significantly improve the treatment of vessel diseases in the future. Summarizing, regenerative medicine holds the potential to transform the therapeutic methods in heart and vessel diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Hutchings
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Aberdeen University, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK;
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.N.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Kruszyna
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, Poland; (Ł.K.); (E.S.); (Z.K.)
| | - Mariusz J. Nawrocki
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.N.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Ewa Strauss
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, Poland; (Ł.K.); (E.S.); (Z.K.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Rut Bryl
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.N.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Julia Spaczyńska
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.N.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
| | - Bartłomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Marek Jemielity
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland; (B.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland; (M.J.N.); (R.B.); (J.S.)
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Michał Nowicki
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Zbigniew Krasiński
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Angiology and Phlebology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-848 Poznan, Poland; (Ł.K.); (E.S.); (Z.K.)
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11
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Ezzatifar F, Aravindhan S, Olegovna Zekiy A, Ahmadi M, Gheibihayat SM, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. Shedding more light on the role of Midkine in hepatocellular carcinoma: New perspectives on diagnosis and therapy. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:659-669. [PMID: 33625758 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common malignant tumors is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Progression of HCC mainly results from highly complex molecular and pathological pathways. Midkine (MDK) is a growth factor that impacts viability, migration, and other cell activities. Since MDK has been involved in the inflammatory responses, it has been claimed that MDK has a crucial role in HCC. MDK acts as an anti-apoptotic factor, which mediates tumor cell viability. In addition, MDK blocks anoikis to promote metastasis. There is also evidence that MDK is involved in angiogenesis. It has been shown that the application of anti-MDK approaches might be promising in the treatment of HCC. Besides, due to the elevated expression in HCC, MDK has been proposed as a biomarker in the prognosis and diagnosis of HCC. In this review, we will discuss the role of MDK in HCC. It is hoped that the development of new strategies concerning MDK-based therapies will be promising in HCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ezzatifar
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Surendar Aravindhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Angelina Olegovna Zekiy
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Student Research Committee, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.,Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
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12
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Lasch M, Kumaraswami K, Nasiscionyte S, Kircher S, van den Heuvel D, Meister S, Ishikawa-Ankerhold H, Deindl E. RNase A Treatment Interferes With Leukocyte Recruitment, Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation, and Angiogenesis in Ischemic Muscle Tissue. Front Physiol 2020; 11:576736. [PMID: 33240100 PMCID: PMC7677187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.576736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: RNase A (the bovine equivalent to human RNase 1) and RNase 5 (angiogenin) are two closely related ribonucleases. RNase 5 is described as a powerful angiogenic factor. Whether RNase A shares the same angiogenic characteristic, or interferes with vessel growth as demonstrated for arteriogenesis, has never been investigated and is the topic of this present study. Methods and Results: To investigate whether RNase A shows a pro‐ or anti-angiogenic effect, we employed a murine hindlimb model, in which femoral artery ligation (FAL) results in arteriogenesis in the upper leg, and, due to provoked ischemia, in angiogenesis in the lower leg. C57BL/6J male mice underwent unilateral FAL, whereas the contralateral leg was sham operated. Two and seven days after the surgery and intravenous injection of RNase A (50 μg/kg dissolved in saline) or saline (control), the gastrocnemius muscles of mice were isolated from the lower legs for (immuno-) histological analyses. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining evidenced that RNase A treatment resulted in a higher degree of ischemic tissue damage. This was, however, associated with reduced angiogenesis, as evidenced by a reduced capillary/muscle fiber ratio. Moreover, RNase A treatment was associated with a significant reduction in leukocyte infiltration as shown by CD45+ (pan-leukocyte marker), Ly6G+ or MPO+ (neutrophils), MPO+/CitH3+ [neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)], and CD68+ (macrophages) staining. CD68/MRC1 double staining revealed that RNase A treated mice showed a reduced percentage of M1-like polarized (CD68+/MRC1−) macrophages whereas the percentage of M2-like polarized (CD68+/MRC1+) macrophages was increased. Conclusion: In contrast to RNase 5, RNase A interferes with angiogenesis, which is linked to reduced leukocyte infiltration and NET formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Konda Kumaraswami
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simona Nasiscionyte
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna Kircher
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic van den Heuvel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Meister
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hellen Ishikawa-Ankerhold
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Biomedical Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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13
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Recruitment and maturation of the coronary collateral circulation: Current understanding and perspectives in arteriogenesis. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104058. [PMID: 32798552 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The coronary collateral circulation is a rich anastomotic network of primitive vessels which have the ability to augment in size and function through the process of arteriogenesis. In this review, we evaluate the current understandings of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which this process occurs, specifically focussing on elevated fluid shear stress (FSS), inflammation, the redox state and gene expression along with the integrative, parallel and simultaneous process by which this occurs. The initiating step of arteriogenesis occurs following occlusion of an epicardial coronary artery, with an increase in FSS detected by mechanoreceptors within the endothelium. This must occur within a 'redox window' where an equilibrium of oxidative and reductive factors are present. These factors initially result in an inflammatory milieu, mediated by neutrophils as well as lymphocytes, with resultant activation of a number of downstream molecular pathways resulting in increased expression of proteins involved in monocyte attraction and adherence; namely vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). Once monocytes and other inflammatory cells adhere to the endothelium they enter the extracellular matrix and differentiate into macrophages in an effort to create a favourable environment for vessel growth and development. Activated macrophages secrete inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and matrix metalloproteinases. Finally, vascular smooth muscle cells proliferate and switch to a contractile phenotype, resulting in an increased diameter and functionality of the collateral vessel, thereby allowing improved perfusion of the distal myocardium subtended by the occluded vessel. This simultaneously reduces FSS within the collateral vessel, inhibiting further vessel growth.
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14
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Cai YQ, Lv Y, Mo ZC, Lei J, Zhu JL, Zhong QQ. Multiple pathophysiological roles of midkine in human disease. Cytokine 2020; 135:155242. [PMID: 32799009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a low molecular-weight protein that was first identified as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene involved in embryonic development. Recent studies have indicated that MK levels are related to various diseases, including cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease and autoimmune disease. MK is a growth factor involved in multiple pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, the repair of damaged tissues and cancer. The pathophysiological roles of MK are diverse. MK enhances the recruitment and migration of inflammatory cells upon inflammation directly and also through induction of chemokines, and contributes to tissue damage. In lung endothelial cells, oxidative stress increased the expression of MK, which induced angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression and the consequent conversion from Ang I to Ang II, leading to further oxidative stress. MK inhibited cholesterol efflux from macrophages by reducing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) expression, which is involved in lipid metabolism, suggesting that MK is an important positive factor involved in inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, MK can regulate the expansion, differentiation and activation of T cells as well as B-cell survival; mediate angiogenic and antibacterial activity; and possess anti-apoptotic activity. In this paper, we summarize the pathophysiological roles of MK in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Qin Cai
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuncheng Lv
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Mo
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541199, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiashun Lei
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jing-Ling Zhu
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qiao-Qing Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
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15
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Why Should Growth Hormone (GH) Be Considered a Promising Therapeutic Agent for Arteriogenesis? Insights from the GHAS Trial. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040807. [PMID: 32230747 PMCID: PMC7226428 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the important role that the growth hormone (GH)/IGF-I axis plays in vascular homeostasis, these kind of growth factors barely appear in articles addressing the neovascularization process. Currently, the vascular endothelium is considered as an authentic gland of internal secretion due to the wide variety of released factors and functions with local effects, including the paracrine/autocrine production of GH or IGF-I, for which the endothelium has specific receptors. In this comprehensive review, the evidence involving these proangiogenic hormones in arteriogenesis dealing with the arterial occlusion and making of them a potential therapy is described. All the elements that trigger the local and systemic production of GH/IGF-I, as well as their possible roles both in physiological and pathological conditions are analyzed. All of the evidence is combined with important data from the GHAS trial, in which GH or a placebo were administrated to patients suffering from critical limb ischemia with no option for revascularization. We postulate that GH, alone or in combination, should be considered as a promising therapeutic agent for helping in the approach of ischemic disease.
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16
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Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the most common and serious illness in the world and has been researched for many years. However, there are still no real effective ways to prevent and save patients with this disease. When patients present with myocardial infarction, the most important step is to recover ischemic prefusion, which usually is accomplished by coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary artery intervention (PCI), or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). These are invasive procedures, and patients with extensive lesions cannot tolerate surgery. It is, therefore, extremely urgent to search for a noninvasive way to save ischemic myocardium. After suffering from ischemia, cardiac or skeletal muscle can partly recover blood flow through angiogenesis (de novo capillary) induced by hypoxia, arteriogenesis, or collateral growth (opening and remodeling of arterioles) triggered by dramatical increase of fluid shear stress (FSS). Evidence has shown that both of them are regulated by various crossed pathways, such as hypoxia-related pathways, cellular metabolism remodeling, inflammatory cells invasion and infiltration, or hemodynamical changes within the vascular wall, but still they do not find effective target for regulating revascularization at present. 5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a kinase, is not only an energy modulator but also a sensor of cellular oxygen-reduction substances, and many researches have suggested that AMPK plays an essential role in revascularization but the mechanism is not completely understood. Usually, AMPK can be activated by ADP or AMP, upstream kinases or other cytokines, and pharmacological agents, and then it phosphorylates key molecules that are involved in energy metabolism, autophagy, anti-inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging process to keep cellular homeostasis and finally keeps cell normal activity and function. This review makes a summary on the subunits, activation and downstream targets of AMPK, the mechanism of revascularization, the effects of AMPK in endothelial cells, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis along with some prospects.
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17
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Arteriogenesis of the Spinal Cord-The Network Challenge. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020501. [PMID: 32098337 PMCID: PMC7072838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia (SCI) is a clinical complication following aortic repair that significantly impairs the quality and expectancy of life. Despite some strategies, like cerebrospinal fluid drainage, the occurrence of neurological symptoms, such as paraplegia and paraparesis, remains unpredictable. Beside the major blood supply through conduit arteries, a huge collateral network protects the central nervous system from ischemia—the paraspinous and the intraspinal compartment. The intraspinal arcades maintain perfusion pressure following a sudden inflow interruption, whereas the paraspinal system first needs to undergo arteriogenesis to ensure sufficient blood supply after an acute ischemic insult. The so-called steal phenomenon can even worsen the postoperative situation by causing the hypoperfusion of the spine when, shortly after thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) surgery, muscles connected with the network divert blood and cause additional stress. Vessels are a conglomeration of different cell types involved in adapting to stress, like endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. This adaption to stress is subdivided in three phases—initiation, growth, and the maturation phase. In fields of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, pre-operative selective segmental artery occlusion may enable the development of a sufficient collateral network by stimulating collateral vessel growth, which, again, may prevent spinal cord ischemia. Among others, the major signaling pathways include the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) pathway/the antiapoptotic kinase (AKT) pathway/the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway, the Erk1, the delta-like ligand (DII), the jagged (Jag)/NOTCH pathway, and the midkine regulatory cytokine signaling pathways.
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18
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Extracellular RNA released due to shear stress controls natural bypass growth by mediating mechanotransduction in mice. Blood 2020; 134:1469-1479. [PMID: 31501155 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019001392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid shear stress in the vasculature is the driving force for natural bypass growth, a fundamental endogenous mechanism to counteract the detrimental consequences of vascular occlusive disease, such as stroke or myocardial infarction. This process, referred to as "arteriogenesis," relies on local recruitment of leukocytes, which supply growth factors to preexisting collateral arterioles enabling them to grow. Although several mechanosensing proteins have been identified, the series of mechanotransduction events resulting in local leukocyte recruitment is not understood. In a mouse model of arteriogenesis (femoral artery ligation), we found that endothelial cells release RNA in response to increased fluid shear stress and that administration of RNase inhibitor blocking plasma RNases improved perfusion recovery. In contrast, treatment with bovine pancreatic RNase A or human recombinant RNase1 interfered with leukocyte recruitment and collateral artery growth. Our results indicated that extracellular RNA (eRNA) regulated leukocyte recruitment by engaging vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), which was confirmed by intravital microscopic studies in a murine cremaster model of inflammation. Moreover, we found that release of von Willebrand factor (VWF) as a result of shear stress is dependent on VEGFR2. Blocking VEGFR2, RNase application, or VWF deficiency interfered with platelet-neutrophil aggregate formation, which is essential for initiating the inflammatory process in arteriogenesis. Taken together, the results show that eRNA is released from endothelial cells in response to shear stress. We demonstrate this extracellular nucleic acid as a critical mediator of mechanotransduction by inducing the liberation of VWF, thereby initiating the multistep inflammatory process responsible for arteriogenesis.
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19
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Ou HX, Huang Q, Liu CH, Xiao J, Lv YC, Li X, Lei LP, Mo ZC. Midkine Inhibits Cholesterol Efflux by Decreasing ATP-Binding Membrane Cassette Transport Protein A1 via Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Signaling in Macrophages. Circ J 2020; 84:217-225. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han-xiao Ou
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University
| | - Qin Huang
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center
| | - Chu-hao Liu
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China
| | - Ji Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China
| | - Yun-cheng Lv
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China
| | - Xuan Li
- Hunan Province Innovative Training Base for Medical Postgraduates, University of South China and Yueyang Women & Children’s Medical Center
| | - Li-Ping Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China
| | - Zhong-cheng Mo
- Center for Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University
- Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, University of South China
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20
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Kluever AK, Braumandl A, Fischer S, Preissner KT, Deindl E. The Extraordinary Role of Extracellular RNA in Arteriogenesis, the Growth of Collateral Arteries. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246177. [PMID: 31817879 PMCID: PMC6940760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriogenesis is an intricate process in which increased shear stress in pre-existing arteriolar collaterals induces blood vessel expansion, mediated via endothelial cell activation, leukocyte recruitment and subsequent endothelial and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Extracellular RNA (eRNA), released from stressed cells or damaged tissue under pathological conditions, has recently been discovered to be liberated from endothelial cells in response to increased shear stress and to promote collateral growth. Until now, eRNA has been shown to enhance coagulation and inflammation by inducing cytokine release, leukocyte recruitment, and endothelial permeability, the latter being mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. In the context of arteriogenesis, however, eRNA has emerged as a transmitter of shear stress into endothelial activation, mediating the sterile inflammatory process essential for collateral remodeling, whereby the stimulatory effects of eRNA on the VEGF signaling axis seem to be pivotal. In addition, eRNA might influence subsequent steps of the arteriogenesis cascade as well. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the beneficial effects of eRNA during arteriogenesis, laying the foundation for further exploration of the connection between the damaging and non-damaging effects of eRNA in the context of cardiovascular occlusive diseases and of sterile inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Kristina Kluever
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Braumandl
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-K.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Fischer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.F.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Klaus T. Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (S.F.); (K.T.P.)
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 81377 Munich, Germany; (A.-K.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-76504
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21
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Midkine (MDK) growth factor: a key player in cancer progression and a promising therapeutic target. Oncogene 2019; 39:2040-2054. [PMID: 31801970 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1124-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Midkine is a heparin-binding growth factor, originally reported as the product of a retinoic acid-responsive gene during embryogenesis, but currently viewed as a multifaceted factor contributing to both normal tissue homeostasis and disease development. Midkine is abnormally expressed at high levels in various human malignancies and acts as a mediator for the acquisition of critical hallmarks of cancer, including cell growth, survival, metastasis, migration, and angiogenesis. Several studies have investigated the role of midkine as a cancer biomarker for the detection, prognosis, and management of cancer, as well as for monitoring the response to cancer treatment. Moreover, several efforts are also being made to elucidate its underlying mechanisms in therapeutic resistance and immunomodulation within the tumor microenvironment. We hereby summarize the current knowledge on midkine expression and function in cancer development and progression, and highlight its promising potential as a cancer biomarker and as a future therapeutic target in personalized cancer medicine.
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22
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Wu Q, Li T, Zhu D, Lv F, Qin X. Altered expression of long noncoding RNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with impaired leptomeningeal collaterals after acute anterior large vessel occlusions. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:523. [PMID: 31807505 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background In the event of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to anterior large vessel occlusion (aLVO), leptomeningeal collaterals (LMCs) status is a key factor to define the severity and functional prognosis of this disease. However, the extent of LMCs exhibits substantial variability among the patients, which is genetic determined. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expression profiles in human peripheral blood have been found to be altered after AIS. But whether there are specific lncRNAs correlated with LMC status in aLVO has not yet been investigated. Methods Differential lncRNA expression panels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed by microarray analysis and individual quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in three independent sets consist of 134 patients with aLVO and 73 healthy controls (HCs). LMCs Status in those patients was assessed based on baseline computed tomographic angiography (CTA). Results Microarray analysis showed 23 differentially expressed lncRNAs in patients with poor LMCs status. After independent validations by RT-PCR, lncRNA ENST00000422956 was found to be significantly downregulated in patients with poor LMCs status. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for ENST00000422956 to predict poor LMCs status was 0.749. Moreover, ENST00000422956 expression level and baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were identified as independent predictors for impaired LMCs, and a significantly positive correlation was observed between ENST00000422956 expression level and LMCs status. Via cis-regulatory analysis, paired box 8 (Pax8) was identified as the target gene for ENST00000422956. Conclusions The dysregulated lncRNA ENST00000422956 in PBMCs was associated with impairment of LMCs in patients with aLVO, suggesting that measurement of circulatory lncRNAs might be included as possible biomarkers for evaluation of LMCs status in AIS. More importantly, this might be the foundation for understand the potential roles of lncRNAs in LMCs formation after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisi Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Ministry of Education, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyue Qin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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23
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Abdel Ghafar MT, Abdel Haleem S, Shahba A, Sweilam AM. Diagnostic value of the serum Midkine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Investig Med 2019; 68:37-44. [PMID: 31324694 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and detection of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity which is a potential therapeutic target, depends mainly on clinical presentation. However, laboratory tests may contribute to diagnosis and disease activity assessment of RA. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of serum Midkine as serological marker for RA diagnosis and its activity detection. All patients with RA were recruited during the period from January 2016 to August 2018 in addition to healthy subjects as control. Serum Midkine level was estimated using enzyme immunoassay. The accuracy was determined for serum Midkine against the used American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 classification criteria for RA diagnosis and disease activity score derivative for 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) score for assessment of RA disease activity. A total of 211 of patients with RA (group I) were enrolled in this study with 112 healthy subjects (group II). Patients with RA were divided into two subgroups according to the disease activity; patients with active RA (group IA) and RA in remission (group IB). We detected that the area under curve (AUC) of serum Midkine level (AUC=0.851) was significantly lower than that of rheumatoid factor IgM and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide IgG for RA diagnosis. However, Midkine presents a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy (AUC=0.939) in detecting RA activity than that offered by C reactive protein (CRP) or ESR. Our study suggested that serum Midkine is a potential serological marker for detection of active inflammatory state with higher diagnostic accuracy than other inflammatory markers as CRP or ESR. Therefore, it can be used as an inflammatory marker for detection of disease activity rather than diagnosis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soheir Abdel Haleem
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Abeer Shahba
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Aalaa M Sweilam
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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24
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Is there a Chance to Promote Arteriogenesis by DPP4 Inhibitors Even in Type 2 Diabetes? A Critical Review. Cells 2018; 7:cells7100181. [PMID: 30360455 PMCID: PMC6210696 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the prevailing cause of death not only in industrialized countries, but even worldwide. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) and hyperlipidemia, a metabolic disorder that is often associated with diabetes, are major risk factors for developing CVD. Recently, clinical trials proved the safety of gliptins in treating patients with type 2 DM. Gliptins are dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4/CD26) inhibitors, which stabilize glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thereby increasing the bioavailability of insulin. Moreover, blocking DPP4 results in increased levels of stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1). SDF-1 has been shown in pre-clinical animal studies to improve heart function and survival after myocardial infarction, and to promote arteriogenesis, the growth of natural bypasses, compensating for the function of an occluded artery. Clinical trials, however, failed to demonstrate a superiority of gliptins compared to placebo treated type 2 DM patients in terms of cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. This review highlights the function of DPP4 inhibitors in type 2 DM, and in treating cardiovascular diseases, with special emphasis on arteriogenesis. It critically addresses the potency of currently available gliptins and gives rise to hope by pointing out the most relevant questions that need to be resolved.
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25
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Weckbach LT, Preissner KT, Deindl E. The Role of Midkine in Arteriogenesis, Involving Mechanosensing, Endothelial Cell Proliferation, and Vasodilation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2559. [PMID: 30158425 PMCID: PMC6163309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces in blood circulation such as shear stress play a predominant role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes related to vascular responses or vessel remodeling. Arteriogenesis, defined as the growth of pre-existing arterioles into functional collateral arteries compensating for stenosed or occluded arteries, is such a process. Midkine, a pleiotropic protein and growth factor, has originally been identified to orchestrate embryonic development. In the adult organism its expression is restricted to distinct tissues (including tumors), whereby midkine is strongly expressed in inflamed tissue and has been shown to promote inflammation. Recent investigations conferred midkine an important function in vascular remodeling and growth. In this review, we introduce the midkine gene and protein along with its cognate receptors, and highlight its role in inflammation and the vascular system with special emphasis on arteriogenesis, particularly focusing on shear stress-mediated vascular cell proliferation and vasodilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig T Weckbach
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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26
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Lasch M, Nekolla K, Klemm AH, Buchheim JI, Pohl U, Dietzel S, Deindl E. Estimating hemodynamic shear stress in murine peripheral collateral arteries by two-photon line scanning. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 453:41-51. [PMID: 30128948 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in wall shear stress of blood vessels are assumed to be an important component of many physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, due to technical limitations experimental in vivo data are rarely available. Here, we investigated two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy as an option to measure vessel diameter as well as blood flow velocities in a murine hindlimb model of arteriogenesis (collateral artery growth). Using line scanning at high frequencies, we measured the movement of blood cells along the vessel axis. We found that peak systolic blood flow velocity averaged 9 mm/s and vessel diameter 42 µm in resting collaterals. Induction of arteriogenesis by femoral artery ligation resulted in a significant increase in centerline peak systolic velocity after 1 day with an average of 51 mm/s, whereas the averaged luminal diameter of collaterals (52 µm) changed much less. Thereof calculations revealed a significant fourfold increase in hemodynamic wall shear rate. Our results indicate that two-photon line scanning is a suitable tool to estimate wall shear stress e.g., in experimental animal models, such as of arteriogenesis, which may not only help to understand the relevance of mechanical forces in vivo, but also to adjust wall shear stress in ex vivo investigations on isolated vessels as well as cell culture experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lasch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig- Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Nekolla
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna H Klemm
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Judith-Irina Buchheim
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology, Laboratory for Stress and Immunity, Hospital of the University of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Dietzel
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.,Core Facility Bioimaging at the Biomedical Center, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Deindl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr.15, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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