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The genetic side of diabetic kidney disease: a review. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:335-343. [PMID: 35974289 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most common complications of diabetes, with approximately 30-40% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 20% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus eventually developing DKD. If DKD is not controlled in the early clinical stage and proteinuria develops, the disease will progress to end-stage renal disease. The pathogenesis of DKD remains largely unknown and is multifactorial, likely due to interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Familial clustering also supports a critical role of hereditary factors in DKD. The development of gene detection technology has promoted the exploration of DKD susceptibility genes in different cohorts of patients with diabetes. Identifying susceptibility genes can provide insights into the pathogenesis of DKD, as well as a basis for its clinical diagnosis and therapy. RESULTS Numerous candidate gene loci have been found to be associated with DKD, many of which play critical regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of this disease, including genes involved in glycol-metabolism, lipid metabolism, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, inflammation and oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the functions of several susceptibility genes involved in the development of DKD. CONCLUSION Based on our findings, we recommend that studying susceptibility gene polymorphisms can lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of DKD and could help prevent this disease or improve its outcomes.
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Zhang Y, Pan GP, Cai JW, Niu YM, Xie LC. Association between Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 C/T Polymorphism and Diabetic Retinopathy Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:66-74. [PMID: 35810738 DOI: 10.1159/000525803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a close association between transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) polymorphisms and diabetic retinopathy (DR) susceptibility. However, the published results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to review and examine the relationship between TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS Online databases were searched, and the related studies were identified in this meta-analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to examine the statistical power. Moreover, heterogeneity test, sensitivity accumulative analysis, and publication bias were conducted to measure the statistical effect. RESULT 6 studies involving 12,982 subjects were included in this meta-analysis to assess the association between rs7903146 C/T polymorphism and DR susceptibility. The synthetic results indicated that the mutation of rs7903146 C/T polymorphism maybe accompanied with an increased risk for DR (T vs. C: OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.00-1.60, p = 0.05, I2 = 83.5%; TT vs. CC: OR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.12-2.86, p = 0.02, I2 = 80.2%; TT vs. CC + CT: OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.38-1.92, p < 0.01, I2 = 32.3%). Moreover, the subgroup analysis also demonstrated an increasing risk for DR with T mutations in Caucasian descendants. CONCLUSION The current evidences of meta-analysis suggested that the TCF7L2 rs7903146 C/T polymorphism might play an important role in DR susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Gui-Ping Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun-Wei Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yu-Ming Niu
- Department of Stomatology & Center for Clinical and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Chuan Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
- Administrative Office, Taihe Hospital, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Molecular Mechanism of Pancreatic β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040818. [PMID: 35453568 PMCID: PMC9030375 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Various important transcription factors in the pancreas are involved in the process of pancreas development, the differentiation of endocrine progenitor cells into mature insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells and the preservation of mature β-cell function. However, when β-cells are continuously exposed to a high glucose concentration for a long period of time, the expression levels of several insulin gene transcription factors are substantially suppressed, which finally leads to pancreatic β-cell failure found in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here we show the possible underlying pathway for β-cell failure. It is likely that reduced expression levels of MafA and PDX-1 and/or incretin receptor in β-cells are closely associated with β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, since incretin receptor expression is reduced in the advanced stage of diabetes mellitus, incretin-based medicines show more favorable effects against β-cell failure, especially in the early stage of diabetes mellitus compared to the advanced stage. On the other hand, many subjects have recently suffered from life-threatening coronavirus infection, and coronavirus infection has brought about a new and persistent pandemic. Additionally, the spread of coronavirus infection has led to various limitations on the activities of daily life and has restricted economic development worldwide. It has been reported recently that SARS-CoV-2 directly infects β-cells through neuropilin-1, leading to apoptotic β-cell death and a reduction in insulin secretion. In this review article, we feature a possible molecular mechanism for pancreatic β-cell failure, which is often observed in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Finally, we are hopeful that coronavirus infection will decline and normal daily life will soon resume all over the world.
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Yahya R, Jainandunsing S, Rashid M, van der Zee L, Touw A, de Rooij FWM, Sijbrands EJG, Verhoeven AJM, Mulder MT. HDL associates with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in South Asian families at risk of type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107993. [PMID: 34384708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia precedes type 2 diabetes (T2D) and worsens with increasing glucose intolerance. First degree relatives of T2D patients have an increased risk to develop dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The aim of the present study was to assess the relation between the development of dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance in first-degree relatives of T2D patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting lipoprotein profiles were determined by density gradient ultracentrifugation in T2D patients and their first-degree relatives (42 Caucasians and 33 South Asians), and in 29 normoglycemic controls from non-T2D families. Glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and insulin disposition index (DI) were assessed by an extended, frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and fractional insulin synthesis rate (FSR) was measured by 13C-leucine enrichment in urinary C-peptide during the OGTT. RESULTS Of the first-degree relatives, 40, 16 and 19 had NGT, prediabetes and T2D, respectively. NGT family members had lower plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDLC) (1.34 ± 0.07 vs 1.58 ± 0.06 mmol/L; p = 0.015), HDL2-C (0.41 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.05 mmol/L; p = 0.021) and HDL3-C (0.62 ± 0.03 vs 0.72 ± 0.02 mmol/L; p = 0.043) than controls. HDL2-C levels tended to decrease with increasing glucose intolerance state. In South Asians, buoyant LDL-C levels decreased with increasing glucose intolerance state (p = 0.006). In South Asian families, HDL-C correlated with both ISI and DI (β 0.42; p = 0.04 and β 0.53; p = 0.01, respectively), whereas HDL2-C and HDL3-C levels correlated with DI (β 0.64; p = 0.002 and β 0.57; p = 0.005, respectively). HDL2-C and plasma triglyceride correlated with FSR (β 0.48; p = 0.033 and β -0.50; p = 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Low HDL2-C and HDL3-C levels are present in NGT first-degree relatives of T2D patients, and HDL2-C tend to decrease further with increasing glucose intolerance. In South Asian families HDL2-C and HDL3-C levels linked predominantly to deteriorating beta cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yahya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Jainandunsing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Rashid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L van der Zee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Touw
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - F W M de Rooij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E J G Sijbrands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A J M Verhoeven
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - M T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology, Vascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research School COEUR, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Favorable Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist against Pancreatic β-Cell Glucose Toxicity and the Development of Arteriosclerosis: "The Earlier, the Better" in Therapy with Incretin-Based Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157917. [PMID: 34360682 PMCID: PMC8348147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental pancreatic β-cell function is to produce and secrete insulin in response to blood glucose levels. However, when β-cells are chronically exposed to hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), insulin biosynthesis and secretion are decreased together with reduced expression of insulin transcription factors. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) plays a crucial role in pancreatic β-cells; GLP-1 binds to the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in the β-cell membrane and thereby enhances insulin secretion, suppresses apoptotic cell death and increase proliferation of β-cells. However, GLP-1R expression in β-cells is reduced under diabetic conditions and thus the GLP-1R activator (GLP-1RA) shows more favorable effects on β-cells at an early stage of T2DM compared to an advanced stage. On the other hand, it has been drawing much attention to the idea that GLP-1 signaling is important in arterial cells; GLP-1 increases nitric oxide, which leads to facilitation of vascular relaxation and suppression of arteriosclerosis. However, GLP-1R expression in arterial cells is also reduced under diabetic conditions and thus GLP-1RA shows more protective effects on arteriosclerosis at an early stage of T2DM. Furthermore, it has been reported recently that administration of GLP-1RA leads to the reduction of cardiovascular events in various large-scale clinical trials. Therefore, we think that it would be better to start GLP-1RA at an early stage of T2DM for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and protection of β-cells against glucose toxicity in routine medical care.
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Zhang Z, Xu L, Xu X. The role of transcription factor 7-like 2 in metabolic disorders. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13166. [PMID: 33615650 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family, generally forms a complex with β-catenin to regulate the downstream target genes as an effector of the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. TCF7L2 plays a vital role in various biological processes and functions in many organs and tissues, including the liver, islet and adipose tissues. Further, TCF7L2 down-regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and promotes lipid accumulation. In islets, TCF7L2 not only affects the insulin secretion of the β-cells but also has an impact on other cells. In addition, TCF7L2 influences adipogenesis in adipose tissues. Thus, an out-of-control TCF7L2 expression can result in metabolic disorders. The TCF7L2 gene is composed of 17 exons, generating 13 different transcripts, and has many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The discovery that these SNPs have an impact on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has attracted thorough investigations in the study of TCF7L2. Apart from T2D, TCF7L2 SNPs are also associated with type 1, posttransplant and other types of diabetes. Furthermore, TCF7L2 variants affect the progression of other disorders, such as obesity, cancers, metabolic syndrome and heart diseases. Finally, the interaction between TCF7L2 variants and diet also needs to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
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Nano J, Dhana K, Asllanaj E, Sijbrands E, Ikram MA, Dehghan A, Muka T, Franco OH. Trajectories of BMI Before Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: The Rotterdam Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:1149-1156. [PMID: 32379398 PMCID: PMC7317538 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE People with diabetes show great variability in weight gain and duration of obesity at the time of diagnosis. BMI trajectories and other cardiometabolic risk factors prior to type 2 diabetes were investigated. METHODS A total of 6,223 participants from the Rotterdam Study cohort were included. BMI patterns before diagnosis of diabetes were identified through latent class trajectories. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 13.7 years, 565 participants developed type 2 diabetes. Three distinct trajectories of BMI were identified, including the "progressive overweight" group (n = 481, 85.1%), "progressive weight loss" group (n = 59, 10.4%), and "persistently high BMI" group (n = 25, 4.4%). The majority, the progressive overweight group, was characterized by a steady increase of BMI in the overweight range 10 years before diabetes diagnosis. The progressive weight loss group had fluctuations of glucose and marked beta cell function loss. The persistently high BMI group was characterized by a slight increase in insulin levels and sharp increase of insulin resistance accompanied by a rapid decrease of beta cell function. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of BMI changes prior to type 2 diabetes was found in a middle-aged and elderly white population. Prevention strategies should be tailored rather than focusing only on high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Nano
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of EpidemiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MunichGerman Research Center for
Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- German Diabetes Center (DZD)Munich
Germany
| | - Klodian Dhana
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Geriatrics and Palliative MedicineRush Medical
CollegeChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute for
Community MedicineUniversity Medicine GreifswaldGreifswaldGermany
| | - Eric Sijbrands
- Department of
Internal MedicineErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of
Biostatistics and EpidemiologyMRC‐PHE Centre for Environment and HealthSchool of Public
HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- UK Dementia
Research Institute (UK DRI), Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Taulant Muka
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of
Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Oscar H. Franco
- Department of EpidemiologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
- Institute of
Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM)University of BernBernSwitzerland
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Integrated Analysis of the Mechanisms of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by a Network Pharmacology Approach. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9768414. [PMID: 32419835 PMCID: PMC7204321 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9768414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased year by year, which not only seriously affects people's quality of life, but also imposes a heavy economic burden on the family, society, and country. Currently, the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of T2DM are still unclear. Therefore, exploration of a precise multitarget treatment strategy is urgent. Here, we attempt to screen out the active components, effective targets, and functional pathways of therapeutic drugs through network pharmacology with taking advantages of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulas for multitarget holistic treatment of diseases to clarify the potential therapeutic mechanism of TCM formulas and provide a systematic and clear thought for T2DM treatment. Methods First, we screened the active components of Da-Chai-Hu Decoction (DCHD) by absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME/T) calculation. Second, we predicted and screened the active components of DCHD and its therapeutic targets for T2DM relying on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform (TCMSP database) and Text Mining Tool (GoPubMed database), while using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) to obtain T2DM targets. Third, we constructed a network of the active component-target, target-pathway of DCHD using Cytoscape software (http://cytoscape.org/,ver.3.5.1) and then analyzed gene function, related biological processes, and signal pathways through the DAVID database. Results We screened 77 active components from 1278 DCHD components and 116 effective targets from 253 ones. After matching the targets of T2DM, we obtained 38 important targets and 7 core targets were selected through further analysis. Through enrichment analysis, we found that these important targets were mainly involved in many biological processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory reaction, and apoptosis. After analyzing the relevant pathways, the synthetic pathway for the treatment of T2DM was obtained, which provided a diagnosis-treatment idea for DCHD in the treatment of T2DM. Conclusions This article reveals the mechanism of DCHD in the treatment of T2DM related to inflammatory response and apoptosis through network pharmacology, which lays a foundation for further elucidation of drugs effective targets.
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Jia X, Yang Y, Chen Y, Xia Z, Zhang W, Feng Y, Li Y, Tan J, Xu C, Zhang Q, Deng H, Shi X. Multivariate analysis of genome-wide data to identify potential pleiotropic genes for type 2 diabetes, obesity and coronary artery disease using MetaCCA. Int J Cardiol 2019; 283:144-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Sun J, Hong J, Sun S, Wang X, Peng Y, Zhou J, Huang Y, Li S, Chen W, Li C, Xu K, Ye W. Transcription factor 7-like 2 controls matrix degradation through nuclear factor κB signaling and is repressed by microRNA-155 in nucleus pulposus cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:646-655. [PMID: 30245464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM TCF7L2, a key transcription factor in the canonical Wnt pathway, plays a vital role in the matrix degradation of chondrocytes. However, it is unknown whether TCF7L2 is important in the matrix metabolism of inner gel-like nucleus pulposus (NP) cells; thus, the aim of this study was to explore the effect and mechanism of TCF7L2 in this process. METHODS Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses were used to observe TCF7L2 expression in rat and human NP tissues. Real-time PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression of TCF7L2 stimulated by inflammatory cytokines. Dual luciferase reporter assay, real-time PCR, western blotting and knockdown experiments were performed to demonstrate the role of NF-κB signaling in matrix regulation by TCF7L2 and the regulation of TCF7L2 by miR-155 in intervertebral disc degeneration. KEY FINDINGS TCF7L2 is present in rat and human NP tissues and is expressed in the nucleus of NP cells. TCF7L2 is refractory to stimulation of rat and human NP cells with the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, in contrast to the results in other cell types. Loss-of-function experiments using TCF7L2 siRNA or lentiviral shTCF7L2 showed that TCF7L2 knockdown suppresses matrix degradation through p65/NF-κB signaling in the absence and presence of TNF-α. In addition, TCF7L2 expression is repressed by miR-155 overexpression and promoted by miR-155 inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these results demonstrate that the suppression of TCF7L2, which is modulated by miR-155, inhibits matrix degradation through p65/NF-κB signaling. TCF7L2 suppression may have therapeutic potential in intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junmin Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siguo Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The fifth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Orthopedics, The fifth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangxing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weijian Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The fifth affiliated hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhai Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Experimental Center of Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wei Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wei L, Xiao Y, Li L, Xiong X, Han Y, Zhu X, Sun L. The Susceptibility Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy. KIDNEY DISEASES 2018; 4:226-237. [PMID: 30574499 DOI: 10.1159/000492633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) poses a severe threat to global public health. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes and the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Approximately 30-40% of DM patients in the world progress to ESRD, which emphasizes the effect of genetic factors on DN. Family clustering also supports the important role of hereditary factors in DN and ESRD. Therefore, a large number of genetic studies have been carried out to identify susceptibility genes in different diabetic cohorts. Extensive susceptibility genes of DN and ESRD have not been identified until recently. Summary and Key Messages Some of these associated genes function as pivotal regulators in the pathogenesis of DN, such as those related to glycometabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the functions of most of these genes remain unclear. In this article, we review several susceptibility genes according to their genetic functions to make it easier to determine their exact effect on DN and to provide a better understanding of the advancements from genetic studies. However, several challenges associated with investigating the genetic factors of DN still exist. For instance, it is difficult to determine whether these variants affect the expression of the protein they encode or other cytokines. More efforts should be made to determine how these genes influence the progression of DN. In addition, many results could not be replicated among races, suggesting that the association between genetic polymorphisms and DN is race-specific. Therefore, large, well-designed studies involving more relevant variables and ethnic groups and more relevant functional studies are urgently needed. These studies may be beneficial and retard the progression of DN by early intervention, especially for patients who carry certain risk alleles or genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofen Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yachun Han
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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