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Chen S, Zhao Q, Zhang R, Liu J, Peng W, Xu H, Li X, Wang X, Wu S, Li G, Nan A. A transcribed ultraconserved noncoding RNA, uc.285+, promotes colorectal cancer proliferation through dual targeting of CDC42 by directly binding mRNA and protein. Transl Res 2024; 270:52-65. [PMID: 38552953 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The transcribed ultraconserved region (T-UCR) belongs to a new type of lncRNAs that are conserved in homologous regions of the rat, mouse and human genomes. A lot of research has reported that differential expression of T-UCRs can influence the development of various cancers, revealing the ability of T-UCRs as new therapeutic targets or potential cancer biomarkers. Most studies on the molecular mechanisms of T-UCRs in cancer have focused on ceRNA regulatory networks and interactions with target proteins, but the present study reveals an innovative dual-targeted regulatory approach in which T-UCRs bind directly to mRNAs and directly to proteins. We screened T-UCRs that may be related to colorectal cancer (CRC) by performing a whole-genome T-UCR gene microarray and further studied the functional mechanism of T-UCR uc.285+ in the development of CRC. Modulation of uc.285+ affected the proliferation of CRC cell lines and influenced the expression of the CDC42 gene. We also found that uc.285+ promoted the proliferation of CRC cells by directly binding to CDC42 mRNA and enhancing its stability while directly binding to CDC42 protein and affecting its stability. In short, our research on the characteristics of cell proliferation found that uc.285+ has a biological function in promoting CRC proliferation. uc.285+ may have considerable potential as a new diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Qingyun Zhao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Jungang Liu
- Division of Colorectal & Anal Surgery, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Wenyi Peng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Haotian Xu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Shuilian Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China.
| | - Aruo Nan
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environment and Health Research, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, PR China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
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Dai Z, Chen H, Feng K, Li T, Liu W, Zhou Y, Yang D, Xue B, Zhu J. Promoter hypermethylation of Y-chromosome gene PRKY as a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Epigenomics 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38979582 DOI: 10.1080/17501911.2024.2365625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop a methylation marker of Y-chromosome gene in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Materials & methods: We utilized bioinformatics analysis to identify the expression and promoter methylation of Y-chromosome gene PRKY in PCa and other common malignancies. Single-center experiments were conducted to validate the diagnostic value of PRKY promoter methylation in PCa. Results: PRKY expression was significantly down-regulated in PCa and its mechanism may be related to promoter methylation. PRKY promoter methylation is highly specific for the diagnosis of early PCa, which may be superior to prostate-specific antigen, mpMRI and other excellent molecular biomarkers. Conclusion: PRKY promoter methylation may be a potential marker for the early and accurate diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Dai
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230061, China
| | - Kaiwen Feng
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Tuoxin Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Dongrong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
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Zheng S, Zhao N, Feng C, Ma J. Cell division cycle 42 attenuates high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis, fibrosis, and inflammation, but activates the PAK1/AKT pathway. Clin Exp Nephrol 2024; 28:513-521. [PMID: 38416339 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-024-02468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) modulates metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis to engage in the pathology of diabetic complications. This study intended to further investigate the influence of CDC42 on viability, apoptosis, inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrosis in high glucose (HG)-treated renal tubular epithelial cells. METHODS HK-2 cells were exposed to HG medium (30 mM) to establish the diabetic nephropathy (DN) cellular model, then the cells were transfected with scramble overexpression control (oeNC) or CDC42 overexpression (oeCDC42) vectors. RESULTS Both the level of CDC42 mRNA and protein were decreased in HG-treated HK-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Then HG-treated HK-2 cells were proposed for the following experiments. It was found that CDC42 increased CCK-8 detected viability and EdU positive cells. On the contrary, CDC42 reduced cell apoptosis, which was reflected by decreased TUNEL positive rate, increased BCL2, and reduced BAX. Interestingly, CDC42 inhibited fibrosis, which was reflected by increased E-Cadherin, as well as decreased Vimentin, TGF-β1, Collagen1, and α-SMA. Apart from these, CDC42 also attenuated proinflammatory cytokine production, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Moreover, CDC42 activated the PAK1/AKT pathway, which was reflected by increased p-PAK1 and p-AKT. However, CDC42 did not affect p-ERK. CONCLUSION CDC42 may retard DN progression via its regulation of renal tubular epithelial cell functions, which may be due to its stimulation of the PAK1/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zheng
- Clinical Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Chuwen Feng
- Teaching and Research Department of Western Medicine Internal Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 26 Heping Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Martynov I, Dhaka L, Wilke B, Hoyer P, Vahdad MR, Seitz G. Contemporary preclinical mouse models for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: from bedside to bench to bedside. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1333129. [PMID: 38371622 PMCID: PMC10869630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1333129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue malignancy, characterized by high clinicalopathological and molecular heterogeneity. Preclinical in vivo models are essential for advancing our understanding of RMS oncobiology and developing novel treatment strategies. However, the diversity of scholarly data on preclinical RMS studies may challenge scientists and clinicians. Hence, we performed a systematic literature survey of contemporary RMS mouse models to characterize their phenotypes and assess their translational relevance. Methods We identified papers published between 01/07/2018 and 01/07/2023 by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results Out of 713 records screened, 118 studies (26.9%) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) were the most commonly utilized (n = 75, 63.6%), followed by patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and syngeneic models, each accounting for 11.9% (n = 14), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) (n = 7, 5.9%). Combinations of different model categories were reported in 5.9% (n = 7) of studies. One study employed a virus-induced RMS model. Overall, 40.0% (n = 30) of the studies utilizing CDX models established alveolar RMS (aRMS), while 38.7% (n = 29) were embryonal phenotypes (eRMS). There were 20.0% (n = 15) of studies that involved a combination of both aRMS and eRMS subtypes. In one study (1.3%), the RMS phenotype was spindle cell/sclerosing. Subcutaneous xenografts (n = 66, 55.9%) were more frequently used compared to orthotopic models (n = 29, 24.6%). Notably, none of the employed cell lines were derived from primary untreated tumors. Only a minority of studies investigated disseminated RMS phenotypes (n = 16, 13.6%). The utilization areas of RMS models included testing drugs (n = 64, 54.2%), studying tumorigenesis (n = 56, 47.5%), tumor modeling (n = 19, 16.1%), imaging (n = 9, 7.6%), radiotherapy (n = 6, 5.1%), long-term effects related to radiotherapy (n = 3, 2.5%), and investigating biomarkers (n = 1, 0.8%). Notably, no preclinical studies focused on surgery. Conclusions This up-to-date review highlights the need for mouse models with dissemination phenotypes and cell lines from primary untreated tumors. Furthermore, efforts should be directed towards underexplored areas such as surgery, radiotherapy, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illya Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lajwanti Dhaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Hoyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M. Reza Vahdad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Meng L, Shang H, Liu Q, Li Z, Wang X, Li Q, Li F, Zhao Z, Liu C. Lnc-PSMA8-1 activated by GEFT promotes rhabdomyosarcoma progression via upregulation of mTOR expression by sponging miR-144-3p. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:79. [PMID: 38225540 PMCID: PMC10789031 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GEFT is a key regulator of tumorigenesis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and overexpression of GEFT is significantly correlated with distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and a poor prognosis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate and validate the molecular mechanism of GEFT-activated lncRNAs in regulating mTOR expression to promote the progression of RMS. METHODS GEFT-regulated lncRNAs were identified through microarray analysis. The effects of GEFT-regulated lncRNAs on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of RMS cells were confirmed through cell functional experiments. The target miRNAs of GEFT-activated lncRNAs in the regulation of mTOR expression were predicted by bioinformatics analysis combined with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. The expression of lnc-PSMA8-1, miR-144-3p, and mTOR was measured by qRT-PCR in RMS tissue samples and cell lines. The regulatory mechanisms of the lnc-PSMA8-1-miR-144-3p-mTOR signaling axis were verified by RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), a luciferase reporter assay, qRT-PCR analysis, Western blot analysis, and cell functional experiments. RESULTS The microarray-based analysis identified 31 differentially expressed lncRNAs (fold change > 2.0, P < 0.05). Silencing the 4 upregulated lncRNAs (lnc-CEACAM19-1, lnc-VWCE-2, lnc-GPX7-1, and lnc-PSMA8-1) and overexpressing the downregulated lnc-FAM59A-1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration and induced the apoptosis of RMS cells. Among the factors analyzed, the expression of lnc-PSMA8-1, miR-144-3p, and mTOR in RMS tissue samples and cells was consistent with the correlations among their expression indicated by the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory network based on the ceRNA hypothesis. lnc-PSMA8-1 promoted RMS progression by competitively binding to miR-144-3p to regulate mTOR expression. CONCLUSION Our research demonstrated that lnc-PSMA8-1 was activated by GEFT and that the former positively regulated mTOR expression by sponging miR-144-3p to promote the progression of RMS. Therefore, targeting this network may constitute a potential therapeutic approach for the management of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hao Shang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Judicial Appraisal Institute, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Mental Health Center), Hangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Qianru Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenguo Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine/The First Affiliated Hospital, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang X, Zhang X, Sun J, Sun Y, Zhang Y, He L, Wang P, Li F, Sun C. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor T exerts the cancer-promoting function in cholangiocarcinoma by enhancing the Wnt-GSK-3β-β-catenin cascade via regulation of Rac1/Cdc42. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 467:116492. [PMID: 36977438 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor T (GEFT), which is frequently overexpressed in cancers, is closely related to tumorigenicity and metastasis. Up to now, little is known about the relationship between GEFT and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). The work explored the expression and function of GEFT in CCA and revealed the underlying mechanisms. Both CCA clinical tissues and cell lines expressed higher levels of GEFT than normal controls. High GEFT levels were correlated with a low overall survival rate in CCA patients. A decrease in GEFT by RNA interference caused remarkable anticancer effects in CCA cells, including retarded proliferation, delayed cell cycle progression, subdued metastatic potential and enhanced chemosensitivity. Mechanistically, GEFT mediated the Wnt-GSK-3β-β-catenin cascade associated with the regulation of Rac1/Cdc42. The inhibition of Rac1/Cdc42 markedly diminished the enhancing effect of GEFT on the Wnt-GSK-3β-β-catenin and reversed GEFT-mediated cancer-promoting effects in CCA. Moreover, the reactivation of β-catenin diminished GEFT-reduction-induced anticancer effects. Critically, CCA cells with decreasing GEFT had a weakened ability to form xenografts in mouse models. Collectively, this work illustrates that GEFT-mediated Wnt-GSK-3β-β-catenin cascade represents a novel mechanism underlying CCA progression and propose a decrease in GEFT as a potential path for treatment in CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifang Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an 710100, China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Data Center, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, s 710068, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China.
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Ma N, Xu E, Luo Q, Song G. Rac1: A Regulator of Cell Migration and A Potential Target for Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072976. [PMID: 37049739 PMCID: PMC10096471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is crucial for physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, wound repair, immune response and cancer invasion/metastasis. There are many factors affecting cell migration, and the regulatory mechanisms are complex. Rac1 is a GTP-binding protein with small molecular weight belonging to the Rac subfamily of the Rho GTPase family. As a key molecule in regulating cell migration, Rac1 participates in signal transduction from the external cell to the actin cytoskeleton and promotes the establishment of cell polarity which plays an important role in cancer cell invasion/metastasis. In this review, we firstly introduce the molecular structure and activity regulation of Rac1, and then summarize the role of Rac1 in cancer invasion/metastasis and other physiological processes. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms of Rac1 in cell migration and highlight it as a potential target in cancer therapy. Finally, the current state as well as the future challenges in this area are considered. Understanding the role and the regulatory mechanism of Rac1 in cell migration can provide fundamental insights into Rac1-related cancer progression and further help us to develop novel intervention strategies for cancer therapy in clinic.
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CEMIP, acting as a scaffold protein for bridging GRAF1 and MIB1, promotes colorectal cancer metastasis via activating CDC42/MAPK pathway. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:167. [PMID: 36849460 PMCID: PMC9971195 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of treatment failure and tumor-related death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Our previous studies report that CEMIP functionally promotes CRC metastasis and is closely related to poor outcomes. However, the molecular network of CEMIP promoting CRC metastasis is still not fully understood. In the current study, we identify CEMIP interacting with GRAF1, and the combination of high-CEMIP and low-GRAF1 predicts poor survival of patients. Mechanistically, we elucidate that CEMIP interacts with the SH3 domain of GRAF1 through the 295-819aa domain, and negatively regulates the stability of GRAF1. Moreover, we identify MIB1 to be an E3 ubiquitin ligase for GRAF1. Importantly, we uncover that CEMIP acts as a scaffold protein in bridging MIB1 and GRAF1, which is critical to GRAF1 degradation and CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis. Furthermore, we found that CEMIP activates CDC42/MAPK pathway-regulated EMT by enhancing the degradation of GRAF1, which is indispensable to CEMIP-mediated migration and invasion of CRC cells. Subsequently, we prove that CDC42 inhibitor suppresses CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results reveal that CEMIP promotes CRC metastasis through GRAF1/CDC42/MAPK pathway-regulated EMT, and suggest that CDC42 inhibitor could be a novel therapeutic strategy for CEMIP-mediated CRC metastasis.
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Dobrigna M, Poëa-Guyon S, Rousseau V, Vincent A, Toutain A, Barnier JV. The molecular basis of p21-activated kinase-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: From genotype to phenotype. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123784. [PMID: 36937657 PMCID: PMC10017488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the identification of numerous genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has reshaped our understanding of their etiology, there are still major obstacles in the way of developing therapeutic solutions for intellectual disability (ID) and other NDDs. These include extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rarity of recurrent pathogenic variants, and comorbidity with other psychiatric traits. Moreover, a large intragenic mutational landscape is at play in some NDDs, leading to a broad range of clinical symptoms. Such diversity of symptoms is due to the different effects DNA variations have on protein functions and their impacts on downstream biological processes. The type of functional alterations, such as loss or gain of function, and interference with signaling pathways, has yet to be correlated with clinical symptoms for most genes. This review aims at discussing our current understanding of how the molecular changes of group I p21-activated kinases (PAK1, 2 and 3), which are essential actors of brain development and function; contribute to a broad clinical spectrum of NDDs. Identifying differences in PAK structure, regulation and spatio-temporal expression may help understanding the specific functions of each group I PAK. Deciphering how each variation type affects these parameters will help uncover the mechanisms underlying mutation pathogenicity. This is a prerequisite for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dobrigna
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Aline Vincent
- Department of Genetics, EA7450 BioTARGen, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Vianney Barnier,
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Ramadan F, Saab R, Hussein N, Clézardin P, Cohen PA, Ghayad SE. Non-coding RNA in rhabdomyosarcoma progression and metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971174. [PMID: 36033507 PMCID: PMC9403786 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a soft tissue sarcoma of skeletal muscle differentiation, with a predominant occurrence in children and adolescents. One of the major challenges facing treatment success is the presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, commonly associated with the more aggressive fusion-positive subtype. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) can regulate gene transcription and translation, and their dysregulation has been associated with cancer development and progression. MicroRNA (miRNA) are short non-coding nucleic acid sequences involved in the regulation of gene expression that act by targeting messenger RNA (mRNA), and their aberrant expression has been associated with both RMS initiation and progression. Other ncRNA including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) have also been associated with RMS revealing important mechanistic roles in RMS biology, but these studies are still limited and require further investigation. In this review, we discuss the established roles of ncRNA in RMS differentiation, growth and progression, highlighting their potential use in RMS prognosis, as therapeutic agents or as targets of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Ramadan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INSERM, Unit 1033, LYOS, Lyon, France
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Raya Saab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nader Hussein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Science I, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INSERM, Unit 1033, LYOS, Lyon, France
| | - Pascale A. Cohen
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- INSERM, Unit 1033, LYOS, Lyon, France
| | - Sandra E. Ghayad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science II, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM 1263, INRAE 1260, C2VN, Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Sandra E. Ghayad,
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TDP-43 drives synaptic and cognitive deterioration following traumatic brain injury. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:187-210. [PMID: 35713704 PMCID: PMC9945325 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TBI contributes to developing AD remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that aberrant production of TDP-43 is a key factor in promoting AD neuropathology and synaptic and cognitive deterioration in mouse models of mild closed head injury (CHI). We observed that a single mild CHI is sufficient to exacerbate AD neuropathology and accelerate synaptic and cognitive deterioration in APP transgenic mice but repeated mild CHI are required to induce neuropathological changes and impairments in synaptic plasticity, spatial learning, and memory retention in wild-type animals. Importantly, these changes in animals exposed to a single or repeated mild CHI are alleviated by silencing of TDP-43 but reverted by rescue of the TDP-43 knockdown. Moreover, overexpression of TDP-43 in the hippocampus aggravates AD neuropathology and provokes cognitive impairment in APP transgenic mice, mimicking single mild CHI-induced changes. We further discovered that neuroinflammation triggered by TBI promotes NF-κB-mediated transcription and expression of TDP-43, which in turn stimulates tau phosphorylation and Aβ formation. Our findings suggest that excessive production of TDP-43 plays an important role in exacerbating AD neuropathology and in driving synaptic and cognitive declines following TBI.
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12
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Qiu F, Long H, Zhang L, Liu J, Yang Z, Huang X. Dermcidin Enhances the Migration, Invasion, and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2022; 10:429-438. [PMID: 35836774 PMCID: PMC9240242 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2021.00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver neoplasm with high mortality. Dermcidin (DCD), an antimicrobial peptide, has been reported to participate in oncogenesis. This study assessed the effects and underlying molecular events of DCD overexpression and knockdown on the regulation of HCC progression in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The serum DCD level was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. DCD overexpression, knockdown, and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) rescue were performed in SK-HEP-1 cells using plasmids. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of different genes and proteins. Differences in HCC cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell migration and invasion assays. A nude mouse HCC cell orthotopic model was employed to verify the in vitro data. RESULTS The level of serum DCD was higher in patients with HCC and in SK-HEP-1 cells. DCD overexpression caused upregulation of DCD, fibronectin, Rac1, and cell division control protein 42 homologue (Cdc42) mRNA and proteins as well as actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) protein (but reduced Arp2/3 mRNA levels) and activated Rac1 and Cdc42. Phenotypically, DCD overexpression induced HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, whereas knockout of DCD expression had the opposite effects. A Rac1 rescue experiment in DCD-knockdown HCC cells increased HCC cell migration and invasion and increased the levels of active Rac1/total Rac1, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome family protein (WASP), Arp2/3, and fibronectin. DCD overexpression induced HCC cell metastasis to the abdomen and liver in vivo. CONCLUSIONS DCD promotes HCC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis through upregulation of noncatalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 1 (Nck1), Rac1, Cdc42, WASP, and Arp2/3, which induce actin cytoskeletal remodeling and fibronectin-mediated cell adhesion in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanghua Qiu
- Department of Hospital Acquired Infection Control, Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Long
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyuan Liu
- University of California, San Diego, Warren College, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zetian Yang
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence to: Xianzhang Huang, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 58 Dade Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4320-9181. Tel: +86-13544549165, Fax: +86-20-81887233, E-mail:
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13
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The Effect of Direct and Indirect EZH2 Inhibition in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010041. [PMID: 35008205 PMCID: PMC8750739 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue tumor in children. Its two major subtypes show epigenetic alterations that are associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, targeting these epigenetic alterations by pharmacological intervention could be a therapeutic approach. We investigated two different types of substances that interfere with the epigenetic process of histone methylation. We performed studies in two cell lines that carry characteristics of the major rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes. The aim of this study was to find out if the substances differ in their effect on tumor-related cellular functions and to find out if the tumor subtypes differ in their response to the substances. These findings may contribute to a better assessment of the feasibility of pharmacological intervention directed against histone methylation in subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma. Abstract Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is involved in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription by catalyzing trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27. In rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), increased EZH2 protein levels are associated with poor prognosis and increased metastatic potential, suggesting EZH2 as a therapeutic target. The inhibition of EZH2 can be achieved by direct inhibition which targets only the enzyme activity or by indirect inhibition which also affects activities of other methyltransferases and reduces EZH2 protein abundance. We assessed the direct inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ005687 and the indirect inhibition by 3-deazaneplanocin (DZNep) and adenosine dialdehyde (AdOx) in the embryonal RD and the alveolar RH30 RMS cell line. EPZ005687 was more effective in reducing the cell viability and colony formation, in promoting apoptosis induction, and in arresting cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle than the indirect inhibitors. DZNep was more effective in decreasing spheroid viability and size in both cell lines than EPZ005687 and AdOx. Both types of inhibitors reduced cell migration of RH30 cells but not of RD cells. The results show that direct and indirect inhibition of EZH2 affect cellular functions differently. The alveolar cell line RH30 is more sensitive to epigenetic intervention than the embryonal cell line RD.
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14
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Wang J, Yuan L, Xu X, Zhang Z, Ma Y, Hong L, Ma J. Rho-GEF Trio regulates osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through Rac1 and RhoA. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1148. [PMID: 34893584 PMCID: PMC8664940 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor. Its high mortality rate and metastasis rate seriously threaten human health. Currently, the treatment has reached a plateau, hence we urgently need to explore new therapeutic directions. In this paper, we found that Trio was highly expressed in osteosarcoma than normal tissues and promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, Trio inhibited osteosarcoma cells' osteogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the growth of osteosarcoma in vivo. Given Trio contains two GEF domains, which have been reported as the regulators of RhoGTPases, we further discovered that Trio could regulate osteosarcoma progression and osteogenic differentiation through activating RhoGTPases. In summary, all our preliminary results showed that Trio could be a potential target and prognostic marker of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Lichan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhuan Ma
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, 210008, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Leilei Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Junqing Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Road, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Li C, Li Z, Song L, Meng L, Xu G, Zhang H, Hu J, Li F, Liu C. GEFT Inhibits Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rhabdomyosarcoma via Activation of the Rac1/Cdc42-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656608. [PMID: 34221974 PMCID: PMC8252888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are dynamic processes that determine the fate of cells, and regulating these processes can treat cancer. GEFT is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which accelerates the tumorigenicity and metastasis of RMS by activating Rac1/Cdc42 signaling, but the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis are unclear. In our study, we found that the RMS tissues had high Rac1, Cdc42, mTOR, and Bcl-2 expression levels and low Beclin1, LC3, and Bax expression levels compared with the normal striated muscle tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis has proven that Rac1 is an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05), and the high expression level of the Beclin1 protein was closely associated with the tumor diameter of the RMS patients (P = 0.044), whereas the high expression level of the LC3 protein was associated with the clinical stage of the RMS patients (P = 0.027). Furthermore, GEFT overexpression could inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. A Rac1/Cdc42 inhibitor was added, and the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis decreased. Rac1 and Cdc42 could regulate mTOR to inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. Overall, these studies demonstrated that the GEFT–Rac1/Cdc42–mTOR pathway can inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS and provide evidence for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Zhong H, Xu Y, Wang J, Cao Q, Hu L, Sun D. Overexpression of microRNA-19a-3p promotes lymph node metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via the RAC1/CDC42-PAK1 pathway. Transl Cancer Res 2021; 10:2694-2706. [PMID: 35116581 PMCID: PMC8797415 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-21-254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A tendency towards extensive regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) is a typical clinical characteristic of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Up-regulated microRNA (miR)-19a-3p was verified as a predictor of LNM in ESCC in previous microarray analyses, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, in vitro experiments were performed to confirm the effect of miR-19a-3p on promoting LNM and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS KYSE-150 and TE-1 cell lines were transfected with lentiviral vectors to inhibit miR-19a-3p (LV-miR-19a-3p-inhibition), and cell proliferation, invasion, and migration were assessed. Target genes of miR-19a-3p were identified by sequencing analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR); Western blotting was performed to confirm targets and explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effect of miR-19a-3p on LNM. RESULTS miR-19a-3p had no effect on ESCC cell proliferation, whereas miR-19a-3p overexpression promoted the invasion and migration of ESCC cells. qRT-PCR verification and western blot analysis showed that LV-miR-19a-3p-inhibition downregulated cell division cycle 42 (CDC42), Rac family small GTPase 1 (RAC1), and p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1). CONCLUSIONS Overexpression of miR-19a-3p increased the invasion and migration of ESCC cells via the RAC1/CDC42-PAK1 pathway, suggesting that this pathway mediates the effect of miR-19a-3p on promoting LNM in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhong
- Department of Radiology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Cancer Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Cancer Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Cao
- Cancer Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Likuan Hu
- Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dianshui Sun
- Cancer Center, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liang J, Oyang L, Rao S, Han Y, Luo X, Yi P, Lin J, Xia L, Hu J, Tan S, Tang L, Pan Q, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Liao Q. Rac1, A Potential Target for Tumor Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:674426. [PMID: 34079763 PMCID: PMC8165220 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.674426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac.1) is one of the important members of Rho GTPases. It is well known that Rac1 is a cytoskeleton regulation protein that regulates cell adhesion, morphology, and movement. Rac1 is highly expressed in different types of tumors, which is related to poor prognosis. Studies have shown that Rac1 not only participates in the tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, migration and angiogenesis, but also participates in the regulation of tumor stem cell, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. Rac1 also plays a key role in anti-tumor therapy and participates in immune escape mediated by the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the good prospects of Rac1 inhibitors in cancer prevention and treatment are exciting. Therefore, Rac1 is considered as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of cancer. The necessity and importance of Rac1 are obvious, but it still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yanyan Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Research Center for Wound Healing in Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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18
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Agnoletto C, Caruso C, Garofalo C. Heterogeneous Circulating Tumor Cells in Sarcoma: Implication for Clinical Practice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092189. [PMID: 34063272 PMCID: PMC8124844 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The present review is aimed to discuss the relevance of assaying for the presence and isolation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with sarcoma. Just a few studies have been performed to detect and enumerate viable CTCs in sarcoma and a majority of them still represent proof-of-concept studies, while more frequently tumor cells have been detected in the circulation by using the PCR-based method. Nevertheless, recent advances in technologies allowed detection of epithelial–mesenchymal transitioned CTCs from patients with mesenchymal malignancies, despite results being mostly preliminary. The possibility to identify CTCs holds a great promise for both applications of liquid biopsy in sarcoma for precision medicine, and for research purposes to pinpoint the mechanism of the metastatic process through the characterization of tumor mesenchymal cells. Coherently, clinical trials in sarcoma have been designed accordingly to detect CTCs, for diagnosis, identification of novel therapeutic targets and resistance mechanisms of systemic therapies, and patient stratification. Abstract Bone and soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) represent a group of heterogeneous rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, with a poor prognosis. Due to their low incidence, only a few studies have been reported addressing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in sarcoma, despite the well-documented relevance for applications of liquid biopsy in precision medicine. In the present review, the most recent data relative to the detection and isolation of viable and intact CTCs in these tumors will be reviewed, and the heterogeneity in CTCs will be discussed. The relevance of epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and stemness in defining the phenotypic and functional properties of these rare cells in sarcoma will be highlighted. Of note, the existence of dynamic epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related processes in sarcoma tumors has only recently been related to their clinical aggressiveness. Also, the presence of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)-positive CTC in sarcoma has been weakly correlated with poor outcome and disease progression, thus proving the existence of both epithelial and mesenchymal CTC in sarcoma. The advancement in technologies for capturing and enumerating all diverse CTCs phenotype originating from these mesenchymal tumors are presented, and results provide a promising basis for clinical application of CTC detection in sarcoma.
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19
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Dasgupta A, Sierra L, Tsang SV, Kurenbekova L, Patel T, Rajapakse K, Shuck RL, Rainusso N, Landesman Y, Unger T, Coarfa C, Yustein JT. Targeting PAK4 Inhibits Ras-Mediated Signaling and Multiple Oncogenic Pathways in High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:199-212. [PMID: 33168646 PMCID: PMC7878415 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most prevalent pediatric soft-tissue sarcoma. Multimodal treatment, including surgery and traditional chemotherapy with radiotherapy, has contributed to improvements in overall survival rates. However, patients with recurrent or metastatic disease have 5-year survival rates of less than 30%. One reason for the lack of therapeutic advancement is identification and targeting of critical signaling nodes. p21-activated kinases (PAK) are a family of serine/threonine kinases downstream of multiple critical tumorigenic receptor tyrosine kinase receptors and oncogenic regulators, including IGFR and RAS signaling, that significantly contribute to aggressive malignant phenotypes. Here, we report that RMS cell lines and tumors exhibit enhanced PAK4 expression levels and activity, which are further activated by growth factors involved in RMS development. Molecular perturbation of PAK4 in multiple RMS models in vitro and in vivo resulted in inhibition of RMS development and progression. Fusion-positive and -negative RMS models were sensitive to two PAK4 small-molecule inhibitors, PF-3758309 and KPT-9274, which elicited significant antitumor and antimetastatic potential in several primary and metastatic in vivo models, including a relapsed RMS patient-derived xenograft model. Transcriptomic analysis of PAK4-targeted tumors revealed inhibition of the RAS-GTPase, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways, along with evidence of activation of antitumor immune response signatures. This PAK4-targeting gene signature showed prognostic significance for patients with sarcoma. Overall, our results show for the first time that PAK4 is a novel and viable therapeutic target for the treatment of high-risk RMS. SIGNIFICANCE: These data demonstrate a novel oncogenic role for PAK4 in rhabdomyosarcoma and show that targeting PAK4 activity is a promising viable therapeutic option for advanced rhabdomyosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atreyi Dasgupta
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Laura Sierra
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan V Tsang
- Integrative Molecular and Biological Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Lyazat Kurenbekova
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tajhal Patel
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kimal Rajapakse
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Comprehensive Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan L Shuck
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Nino Rainusso
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Comprehensive Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason T Yustein
- Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers and The Faris D. Virani Ewing Sarcoma Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
- Integrative Molecular and Biological Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Comprehensive Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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20
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Wang Y, Zhang B, Gao G, Zhang Y, Xia Q. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00355 Promotes the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Elevating Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor T Expression via RNA Binding Protein lin-28 Homolog A. Front Oncol 2020; 10:582669. [PMID: 33381451 PMCID: PMC7769380 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.582669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous study showed that guanine nucleotide exchange factor T (GEFT) was highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and CRC patients with high GEFT expression had a poor prognosis, and suggested the close link of GEFT expression and CRC tumorigenesis/metastasis. In this text, the roles and upstream regulatory mechanisms of GEFT in the development and progression of CRC were further investigated. Methods Expression levels of GEFT mRNA and LINC00355 was measured by RT-qPCR assay. Protein levels of lin-28 homologue A (LIN28A) and GEFT were determined by western blot assay. Cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities were assessed by CCK-8, Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. The effect of GEFT knockdown on CRC tumorigenesis was examined by mouse xenograft experiments in vivo. GEFT mRNA stability was examined by actinomycin D assay. The relationships of LINC000355, LIN28A, and GEFT were explored by RNA pull down and RIP assays. Results GEFT was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. GEFT knockdown inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and hindered CRC xenograft tumor growth. GEFT overexpression alleviated the detrimental effects of LINC00355 loss on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. LINC00355 promoted GEFT expression and enhanced GEFT mRNA stability via LIN28A. LIN28A knockdown weakened the promotive effect of LINC00355 on CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion LINC00355 facilitated CRC tumorigenesis and progression by increasing GEFT expression via LIN28A, deepening our understanding on roles and upstream regulatory mechanisms of GEFT in CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Zeng RJ, Zheng CW, Chen WX, Xu LY, Li EM. Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapy and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 39:1245-1262. [PMID: 32772212 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09923-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite treatment advances, radioresistance and metastasis markedly impair the benefits of radiotherapy to patients with malignancies. Functioning as molecular switches, Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) have well-recognized roles in regulating various downstream signaling pathways in a wide range of cancers. In recent years, accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of Rho GTPases in cancer radiotherapeutic efficacy and metastasis, as well as radiation-induced metastasis. The functions of Rho GTPases in radiotherapeutic efficacy are divergent and context-dependent; thereby, a comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms is urgently needed. This review integrates current evidence supporting the roles of Rho GTPases in mediating radiotherapeutic efficacy and the underlying mechanisms. In addition, their correlations with metastasis and radiation-induced metastasis are discussed. Under the prudent application of Rho GTPase inhibitors based on critical evaluations of biological contexts, targeting Rho GTPases can be a promising strategy in overcoming radioresistance and simultaneously reducing the metastatic potential of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Chun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Wan-Xian Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
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22
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Lin Z, Fan Z, Zhang X, Wan J, Liu T. Cellular plasticity and drug resistance in sarcoma. Life Sci 2020; 263:118589. [PMID: 33069737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas, originating from mesenchymal progenitor stem cells, are a group of rare malignant tumors with poor prognosis. Wide surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are the most common sarcoma treatments. However, sarcomas' response rates to chemotherapy are quite low and sarcoma cells can have intrinsic or acquired resistance after treatment with chemotherapeutics drugs, leading to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). Cancer cellular plasticity plays pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, therapy resistance and cancer relapse. Moreover, cancer cellular plasticity can be regulated by a multitude of factors, such as genetic and epigenetic alterations, tumor microenvironment (TME) or selective pressure imposed by treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that cellular plasticity is involved in sarcoma progression and chemoresistance. It's essential to understand the molecular mechanisms of cellular plasticity as well as its roles in sarcoma progression and drug resistance. Therefore, this review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms and pathological roles of these diverse cellular plasticity programs in sarcoma. Additionally, we propose cellular plasticity as novel therapeutic targets to reduce sarcoma drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhihua Fan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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23
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Tombolan L, Rossi E, Zin A, Santoro L, Bonvini P, Zamarchi R, Bisogno G. Pediatric sarcomas display a variable EpCAM expression in a histology-dependent manner. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100846. [PMID: 32805674 PMCID: PMC7453064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
EpCAM is a transmembrane glycoprotein typically overexpressed in cancer of epithelial origin and mainly involved in the epithelial-to–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of tumor cells that spread and disseminate. Strategies for the targeting and capture of EpCAM-expressing tumor cells are showing promise in cancers prone to metastatize, both as diagnostic tools and potential therapies. Sarcomas are among the most aggressive tumors in children, with a common mesenchymal origin that comprises both soft tissue sarcomas (STS) and bone sarcomas. The aim of this study was to assess EpCAM expression in pediatric sarcomas and correlate its expression with disease progression. To do so, we analyzed a set of cell lines and primary tumor tissues from rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), Ewing sarcoma (ES), synovial sarcoma (SS) and desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) STS, or osteosarcoma (OS) bone cancer. We demonstrated that EpCAM was variably expressed in pediatric sarcomas, with DSRCT, a rare, aggressive and almost fatal tumor type, characterized by the highest EpCAM expression levels. Interestingly, although EpCAM expression was lower in RMS tumors, high levels at diagnosis correlated with reduced patients' overall survival (p < 0.05). Indeed, membrane-bound EpCAM was detected in circulating sarcoma tumor cells, revealing its potential to be used as dissemination biomarker in this type of childhood cancers. This reinforces the concept that pediatric sarcomas do express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers and reside in an intermediate condition that most likely contributes to their aggressive phenotype and low survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tombolan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Luisa Santoro
- University Hospital of Padova, Institute of Pathology, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Fondazione Città della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Rita Zamarchi
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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24
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Huang ML, Qi CL, Zou Y, Yang R, Jiang Y, Sheng JF, Kong YG, Tao ZZ, Chen SM. Plac8-mediated autophagy regulates nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell function via AKT/mTOR pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7778-7788. [PMID: 32468683 PMCID: PMC7348153 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the relationship between autophagy and cell function, we investigated how PLAC8‐mediated autophagy influences proliferation, apoptosis and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in NPC. Colony formation analyses and CCK8 assays were used to assess the proliferative capacity of NPC cells. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to identify autophagosomes. Autophagic flux was monitored using the tandem monomeric RFP‐GFP‐tagged LC3 (tfLC3) assay. The rate of apoptosis in NPC cells was analysed by flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the activation of autophagy and the signalling status of the AKT/mTOR pathway. Our study reveals that knocking out PLAC8 (koPLAC8) induces autophagy and apoptosis, while suppressing NPC cell proliferation and EMT. However, inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyladenine or by knocking down Beclin‐1 reverses the cell proliferation, apoptosis and EMT influenced by koPLAC8. We find that koPLAC8 inhibits the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream target, mTOR. Moreover, immunofluorescence and co‐immunoprecipitation reveal complete PLAC8/AKT colocalization and PLAC8/AKT interaction, respectively. Furthermore, knockout of PLAC8 induced autophagy and inactivated AKT/mTOR signalling pathway of NPC xenografts. Overall, our findings demonstrate that koPLAC8 induces autophagy via the AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and EMT, and promoting apoptosis in NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Ling Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - You Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Fei Sheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Kong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze-Zhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Ming Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Megiorni F. Epigenetics in rhabdomyosarcoma: cues to new biomarkers and targeted therapies. EBioMedicine 2020; 52:102673. [PMID: 32058940 PMCID: PMC7026726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Megiorni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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